JP2017090197A - Measurement device and measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a measurement device and measurement method that stabilize a contact state with respect to a measurement object surface of the cylindrical workpieces in measurement devices measuring diameters of cylindrical workpieces.SOLUTION: A measurement device 10 includes a first probe 11, a second probe 12, and a third probe 13, and brings the probes 11, 12 and 13 into contact with a trajectory 7 of an outer wheel 6 to be installed with one point C on a reference line L0 as a center to thereby measure a diameter D1 of the trajectory 7. The measurement device 10 comprises: a movable member 20 that loads the third probe 13; an elastic member 25 that urges the movable member 20 to thereby press the third probe 13 against the trajectory 7; displacement meters 41 and 42 that measure an amount of displacement of the movable member 20; and a restriction member 50. The restriction member 50 is configured to make the movable member 20 movable as to an amount of first movement allowance in a state where the movable member is in a retreat position, and make the movable member 20 movable as to an amount of second movement allowance smaller than the amount of first movement allowance in a state where the movable member is in a restriction position.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus and a measuring method, for example, an apparatus and a method for measuring a diameter of a raceway for a rolling bearing.

For example, the raceway formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring of the ball bearing has a cross section formed as an arc-shaped groove, and the maximum diameter of this groove, that is, the diameter at the groove bottom position is measured to determine the machining dimension. Confirmation (inspection) or the like is performed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
The following devices are known as devices for performing such measurement. As shown in FIG. 12, the measuring apparatus includes a first contact 91, a second contact 92, a third contact 93, a movable member 94 on which the third contact 93 is mounted, and the movable member 94 as a reference line. A guide member 95 that guides along L0, an elastic member (compression spring) 96 for pressing the third contactor 93 against the raceway 98 of the outer ring 99, and a displacement meter 97 are provided.

  In order to measure the diameter D1 of the track 98, the three contacts 91, 92, 93 are brought into contact with the track 98. The first contactor 91 and the second contactor 92 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the reference line L0 and are fixed to the apparatus base, whereas the third contactor 93 is along the reference line L0. Can be moved. Therefore, the displacement of the movable member 94 on which the third contactor 93 is mounted is measured by the displacement meter 97, and the diameter D1 at the groove bottom position of the track 98 is obtained based on the measured value.

  In the process of obtaining the diameter D1, the displacement meter 97 has already obtained the movement amount of the movable member 94 for the outer ring (work master) whose dimensions are known. Then, the displacement of the movable member 94 is obtained by the displacement meter 97 with the processed outer ring 99 as an actual measurement object, and based on the measurement value of the outer ring 99 that is the actual measurement object, based on the measurement value by the work master, The diameter D1 of the track 98 is determined.

JP 2006-47060 A (see FIG. 2)

  In preparation for performing measurement using the measuring device as described above, first, the outer ring 99 is installed at a predetermined position outside the three contacts 91, 92, 93. At this time, the movable member 94 has a large escape amount Y. It is necessary to move (see FIG. 13) (to the right in FIG. 13). The operator can easily move (release) the movable member 94 against the elastic force of the elastic member 96 by pulling the lever 94 a attached to the movable member 94. The escape amount Y must be greater than or equal to the difference between the diameter D1 of the raceway 98 of the outer ring 99 and the diameter D2 of the shoulder 99a, and varies depending on the bearing model number, but is about several millimeters or more. It may become.

When the pulling force of the lever 94a is released after the outer ring 99 is installed at a predetermined position, the third contactor 93 moves to the left in FIG. 13 by the elastic force (restoring force) of the elastic member 96, and FIG. As shown, the track 98 is contacted and further pressed, whereby a measurement load is applied.
However, if the escape amount Y is as large as several millimeters, and the escape amount Y varies from trial to trial, the manner in which the third contactor 93 is applied to the track 98 (the force applied) varies. In some cases, the contact state of the contacts 91, 92, 93 with respect to the track 98 is different, and the measurement load is different. Thus, when the contact state (measurement load) varies from trial to trial, the stability of measurement accuracy is impaired, and measurement errors are likely to occur.
The above explanation is for the case where the measurement target is the outer ring 99 of the ball bearing, but the same applies to the case where the track formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring of the ball bearing is measured.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the measuring apparatus and measuring method which can stabilize the contact state of the contact with the measuring object surface of a cylindrical workpiece.

  The present invention has a first contact and a second contact in a line-symmetric arrangement with respect to a reference line, and a third contact located on the reference line, and is installed around one point on the reference line By bringing the first contact, the second contact, and the third contact into contact with either one of the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical workpiece, A measuring apparatus for measuring a diameter, comprising a movable member mounted with the third contactor and movable in a direction parallel to the reference line, and the movable member attached in a direction parallel to the reference line. An elastic member for pressing the third contact against the surface to be measured, a displacement meter for measuring the amount of displacement of the movable member, and a position changeable between a retracted position and a restricting position are provided. Regulations for changing the movement allowable amount of the movable member And the restriction member is movable in the first movement allowable amount in the state where the restriction member is in the retracted position, and the movable member is moved in the state where the restriction member is in the restriction position. The second movement allowable amount smaller than the allowable amount is allowed to move.

According to this measuring apparatus, when installing the cylindrical workpiece, the restricting member is set to the retracted position. Thereby, the movable member carrying the third contact can be moved with respect to the first movement allowance so that the first contact, the second contact, the third contact and the cylindrical workpiece do not interfere with each other. The cylindrical work can be installed. Then, the third contact can be pressed against the surface to be measured by the elastic member, and the first contact, the second contact, and the third contact can be brought into contact with the surface to be measured. Next, the restriction member is set as a restriction position. As a result, the movable member is moved by a small second movement allowance to form a minute gap between the third contactor and the surface to be measured, and then the movable member is urged by the elastic member to move the third contactor. Can be pressed against the surface to be measured to eliminate the minute gap.
Thus, by setting the movable member to the retracted position, the amount of movement of the movable member can be increased, and the cylindrical workpiece can be installed at a predetermined position. And, by setting the restricting member to the restricting position, the movable member Since the amount of movement of the third contact can be reduced (it can be the same size as the minute gap), the method of applying the third contact to the surface to be measured is less likely to vary, and the contact to the surface to be measured of the cylindrical workpiece It is possible to stabilize the contact state.

The cylindrical workpiece is an outer ring or an inner ring of a ball bearing, and the first movement allowance is equal to or greater than a difference between a diameter of the outer ring or the inner ring and a diameter of a shoulder of the outer ring or the inner ring. Is preferred.
In this case, the diameter of the outer ring raceway or inner ring raceway of the ball bearing can be measured.

The measuring device further includes a device base and a fixing member fixed to the device base, and the restricting member moves relative to the device base in the state of the restricting position. It is preferable that the movable member is interposed between the movable member and the fixed member, and is separated from the movable member and the fixed member in the retracted position.
Accordingly, the movable member can be moved with respect to the first movement allowable amount while the restricting member is in the retracted position, and the movable member can be moved with respect to the small second allowable movement amount while the restricting member is in the restricting position. The structure to be made can be obtained easily.

  In the present invention, the first contact and the second contact that are arranged symmetrically with respect to the reference line as an axis, and the third contact located on the reference line are installed around a point on the reference line. A method for measuring a diameter of a measurement target surface by contacting any one of an outer peripheral surface and an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical workpiece, the first contactor, the first contact The movable member carrying the third contact is moved in the direction parallel to the reference line to the position where the second contact and the third contact do not interfere with the cylindrical workpiece, and the cylinder is moved. After the installation step of installing a workpiece, and after the installation step, the third contactor is pressed against the measurement target surface, and the first contactor, the second contactor, and the third contactor are respectively connected to the measurement target surface. A preparatory process to bring it into contact with A measuring step of measuring a displacement amount of the movable member in order to obtain a diameter on the measurement target surface, and in the preparation step, the second movement allowable amount is smaller than the first movement allowable amount in the preparing step. To form a minute gap between the third contact and the measurement target surface, and then bias the movable member to press the third contact against the measurement target surface. After that, the measurement step is performed.

  According to this measurement method, in the installation step, the moving amount of the movable member can be increased to install the cylindrical workpiece at a predetermined position, and in the preparation step, the moving amount of the movable member can be reduced to reduce the third amount. After a minute gap is formed between the contact and the measurement target surface, the movable member is urged to press the third contact against the measurement target surface (to eliminate the minute gap). Thereby, it becomes difficult to produce dispersion | variation in the method of applying the 3rd contact with respect to a measuring object surface, and it becomes possible to stabilize the contact state of the contact with respect to the measuring object surface of a cylindrical workpiece.

  According to the present invention, the method of applying the third contact to the measurement target surface is less likely to vary, and the contact state of the contact with the measurement target surface of the cylindrical workpiece can be stabilized. As a result, when measurement is repeated, occurrence of variations in measurement accuracy is suppressed.

It is a top view which shows the outline of one Embodiment of a measuring apparatus. It is sectional drawing which looked at the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 from the side. It is explanatory drawing of a control member, and has shown the state which a control member rotates upwards and exists in a retracted position. It is explanatory drawing of a control member, and has shown the state which a control member rotates below and exists in a control position. It is a flowchart figure explaining a measuring method. It is the schematic of the measuring device for demonstrating the process included in the measuring method. It is the schematic of the measuring device for demonstrating the process included in the measuring method. It is the schematic of the measuring device for demonstrating the process included in the measuring method. It is the schematic of the measuring device for demonstrating the process included in the measuring method. It is a top view of a measuring device in case a measuring object is an inner ring. It is sectional drawing which looked at the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 10 from the side. It is the schematic of the conventional measuring apparatus. It is the schematic of the conventional measuring apparatus.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[About measuring equipment]
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an outline of an embodiment of a measuring apparatus. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the side. This measuring device 10 uses one (a part) of an outer peripheral surface and an inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical workpiece as a measurement target surface, and is for measuring a diameter on the measurement target surface. A measuring apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is an apparatus for measuring the diameter of the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical workpiece. In particular, in this embodiment, the cylindrical workpiece is an outer ring 6 for ball bearings. This is for measuring the diameter D1 of the track 7 formed on the inner peripheral surface. Since the raceway 7 of the outer ring 6 of the ball bearing is formed as an arc-shaped groove, the maximum diameter of this groove, that is, the diameter D1 at the groove bottom position is measured. That is, the track 7 is the measurement target surface.

  The measuring device 10 includes a first contact 11, a second contact 12, a third contact 13, a movable member 20, guide members 31 and 32, an elastic member 25, a displacement meter (41 and 42), and a regulating member 50. I have. Further, the measuring apparatus 10 includes an apparatus base 9 installed on the work table, and a fixing member 19 fixed to the apparatus base 9. In addition, the measuring apparatus 10 includes a work receiving unit 38 and an arithmetic device 15.

The device base 9 is a flat plate member on which the devices are provided.
The fixing member 19 is fixed to the apparatus base 9 and includes a fixing block 19a and a plurality of rods 19b extending from the fixing block 19a in a direction parallel to the reference line L0.
In the measurement apparatus 10, a reference line L0 is defined. In FIG. 1, a reference line L0 is a perpendicular bisector connecting a contact point between the first contactor 11 and the track 7 and a contact point between the second contactor 12 and the track 7. A straight line parallel to the surface direction of the table 9 (in this embodiment, a straight line in the horizontal direction). The reference line L0 serves as a reference for the arrangement of the devices and the position of the outer ring 6 to be measured. As will be described later, the diameter of the track 7 is set by aligning the point Q on the reference line L0 with the center of the outer ring 6 (center point C) and installing the outer ring 6 in the measuring device 10. D1 is measured.

  The work receiving portion 38 is for supporting the outer ring 6 from below, and has a horizontal beam portion 38a on which the outer ring 6 is placed and a column portion 38b that supports the horizontal beam portion 38a. The horizontal beam portion 38a has a Y shape in plan view, and the outer ring 6 can be placed on the upper surface thereof. The upper surface (mounting surface) of the horizontal beam portion 38a is parallel to the reference line L0 and forms a horizontal plane. The column part 38b is attached to the apparatus base 9, and supports the horizontal beam part 38a.

  The first contactor 11 and the second contactor 12 are respectively attached to a support member 14 fixed to the apparatus base 9, and these contacts 11 and 12 are located at the same height, and are viewed in plan view. (See FIG. 1), the line is symmetrical about the reference line L0. The first contactor 11 and the second contactor 12 have a ball shape, and are in point contact with the track 7 of the outer ring 6 placed on the work receiving portion 38.

  On the apparatus base 9, the first contactor 11 and the second contactor 12 are in a fixed state, while the third contactor 13 is movable. The third contact 13 is located at the same height as the first contact 11 and the second contact 12 (see FIG. 2), and is located on the reference line L0 in plan view (see FIG. 1). ing. That is, the third contactor 13 is movable along the reference line L0. In order to make the third contactor 13 movable, a movable member 20 and guide members 31 and 32 are provided. The third contact 13 has a ball shape and makes point contact with the track 7 of the outer ring 6 placed on the work receiving portion 38.

The guide members 31 and 32 of the present embodiment are LM guides (registered trademark), and the guide members 31 and 32 are arranged symmetrically about the reference line L0 in plan view. These guide members 31 and 32 are arranged in parallel, and have a configuration that supports the movable member 20 (movable base 20a described later) in a movable manner with the direction parallel to the reference line L0 as a guide direction. The movable member 20 is integrally formed with the movable base 20a with the movable base 20a movable along the guide members 31 and 32, a support member 20b fixed to the movable base 20a, and the fixed member 19 therebetween. And a movable block 20d. The third contact 13 is attached to the support member 20b.
As described above, the movable member 20 has the third contact 13 mounted thereon and can move in a direction parallel to the reference line L0. The guide members 31 and 32 guide the movable member 20 along the reference line L0. The structure to be obtained is obtained.

  A plurality of through holes 20c parallel to the reference line L0 are formed in the movable block 20d of the movable base 20a, and the rod 19b is inserted. An elastic member 25 made of a coil spring is provided between the movable block 20d and the fixed block 19a so as to be fitted on the rod 19b. In this embodiment, the elastic member 25 is a compression coil spring. Thereby, the elastic member 25 can press the third contact 13 mounted on the movable member 20 against the track 5.

  In the present embodiment, the pair of upper and lower rods 19b (in FIG. 1, a pair of rods 19b) are provided in a line-symmetric arrangement with respect to the reference line L0, so that the elastic member 25 provided along these rods 19b. Are also provided on both sides of the reference line L0, whereby the pair of elastic members 25 are two symmetrical with respect to the reference line L0 in the movable block 20d of the movable member 20. The pressing positions P1, P2 can be pressed. According to this configuration, the movable member 20 is easily pushed in a direction parallel to the reference line L0, and the inclination of the movable member 20 can be suppressed as much as possible. The shape (length) and the elastic coefficient of the pair of elastic members 25 are the same.

  In addition to this configuration, the elastic member 25 may be provided on the central rod 19b. The elastic member 25 urges the movable member 20 in a direction parallel to the reference line L0 in both cases where it is provided on the rods 19b on both sides and in the case where it is provided on the central rod 19b. The structure which can press the 3rd contactor 13 against the track | orbit 7 is obtained.

  A lever 26 operated by an operator is attached to the movable base 20a. By pulling the lever 26, it is possible to move the movable member 20 (third contactor 13) in a direction to approach the first contactor 11 and the second contactor 12 against the elastic force of the elastic member 25. It becomes. When the force that pulls the lever 26 is released, the movable member 20 (third contactor 13) moves away from the first contactor 11 and the second contactor 12 by the elastic force (restoring force) of the elastic member 25. The third contact 13 can contact the track 7 and be further pressed.

  In the present embodiment, two displacement meters that measure the amount of displacement of the movable member 20 in the direction along the reference line L0 are provided. The first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 are contact-type sensors, and are the same in both. The displacement meter 41 (42) includes a main body 41a (42a) and a terminal 41b (42b) that moves forward and backward in a direction parallel to the reference line L0 with respect to the main body 41a (42a). The amount of movement of the terminal 41b (42b) in contact with the member 20 is output as a detection signal. The first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 may be non-contact sensors. The first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 are independently used for measurement, and output a measurement value (measurement signal) to the arithmetic device 15. The terminal 41b (42b) is in a state in which the terminal 41b (42b) is in contact with the flat surface of the movable base 20a of the movable member 20, and the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 measure the displacement amount of the movable member 20.

  The first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 are provided in a line-symmetric arrangement with respect to the reference line L0 in plan view, and the detection direction is a direction parallel to the reference line L0. Thereby, the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 set the displacement amount of the movable member 20 with the two positions that are symmetric about the reference line L0 of the movable member 20 as the measurement positions P11 and P12. Measure each.

  The displacement amount of the movable member 20 becomes equal to the displacement amount of the third contact 13, and in design, the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 obtain the same measured value (displacement amount). However, temporarily, the linearity of the movable member 20 with respect to the guide members 31 and 32 becomes unstable, the movable member 20 rotates around the contact position of the third contactor 13 with respect to the track 7, and the movable member 20 becomes the reference line. If it will be in the state inclined with respect to L0, the 1st displacement meter 41 and the 2nd displacement meter 42 will acquire a different measured value (displacement amount), respectively. These different measurement values (displacement amounts) can be called temporary displacement amounts.

  The computing device 15 is composed of, for example, a computer device that performs various computations, and performs processing for obtaining an average value of measured values (temporary displacement amounts) of the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42. Furthermore, the arithmetic unit 15 of the present embodiment also performs processing for obtaining the diameter D1 of the track 7 using this average value. These processes will be described later in the measurement method.

In the measuring apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the first contact 11, the second contact 12, and the third contact 13 are arranged on a single virtual circle centered on the point Q on the reference line L0. In this state, they are evenly arranged around the point Q in the circumferential direction. That is, the contacts 11, 12, and 13 are arranged at a pitch of 120 degrees. And as above-mentioned, in planar view, the 1st contactor 11 and the 2nd contactor 12 are in the line symmetrical arrangement about the reference line L0, and the 3rd contactor 13 is on the reference line L0. As described above, the vertical bisector connecting the contact point between the first contactor 11 and the track 7 and the contact point between the second contactor 12 and the track 7 is as described above. It matches the reference line L0.
Note that the three contacts 11, 12, and 13 do not have to be evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, but the first contact 11 and the second contact 12 are arranged symmetrically about the reference line L0. Yes, the third contactor 13 needs to be positioned on the reference line L0. And the 3rd contactor 13 can move along this reference line L0.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the regulating member 50 according to the present embodiment is supported by the movable block 20 d via a pin 51. The regulating member 50 is a plate-like member, and can rotate around the center line of the pin 51 as shown in FIGS. FIG. 3 shows a state where the regulating member 50 is rotated upward and is in the retracted position, and FIG. 4 shows a state where the regulating member 50 is rotated downward and is in the regulated position.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a stopper pin 19c is attached to the fixed block 19a, and when the restricting member 50 is in the retracted position (see FIG. 3), a large second portion is provided between the stopper pin 19c and the movable block 20d. One gap X1 (see FIG. 2) is formed. On the other hand, when the regulating member 50 is in the regulated position (see FIG. 4), the regulating member 50 is interposed between the stopper pin 19c and the movable block 20d (see the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2). . In this state, a minute second gap X2 smaller than the first gap X1 is formed between the tip of the stopper pin 19c and the regulating member 50 (X2 <X1).

  The first gap X1 and the second gap X2 become a movement allowable amount of the movable member 20 (movable block 20d). That is, in a state where the regulating member 50 is in the retracted position (see FIG. 3), the operator pulls the lever 26 so that the movable block 20d of the movable member 20 contacts the first gap X1 (see FIG. 3) until it hits the stopper pin 19c. 2), the value can be moved. On the other hand, in a state where the regulating member 50 is in the regulated position (see FIG. 4), the operator pulls the lever 26, so that the movable block 20d of the movable member 20 moves until the regulating member 50 hits the stopper pin 19c. Only the value of the second gap X2 (see FIG. 2) can be moved. The first gap X1 becomes the first movement allowable amount of the movable member 20, the second gap X2 becomes the second movement allowable amount of the movable member 20, and a large and small two-stage movement allowable amount is set by the position change of the regulating member 50. The

  In the present embodiment, since the measurement target is the outer ring 6, the first gap (first movement allowance) X <b> 1 is in the diameter D <b> 1 on the track 7 of the outer ring 6 and the shoulder 6 a (see FIG. 1) of the outer ring 6. It is set to be greater than or equal to the difference from the diameter D2 (absolute value of the difference). For example, the first gap X1 is 1 millimeter or more, and is about several millimeters or more. On the other hand, the second gap X2 is 0.5 mm or less, for example, and is 0.2 mm in this embodiment. The second gap (second movement allowable amount) X2 is set to, for example, 1/10 times the first gap (first movement allowable amount) X1.

  As described above, the restricting member 50 is provided such that the position of the restricting member 50 can be changed between the retracted position (FIG. 3) and the restricting position (FIG. 4), and the movement allowable amount of the movable member 20 can be changed. More specifically, the regulating member 50 allows the movable member 20 to move with respect to the first movement allowable amount (X1) in the state at the retracted position, and moves the movable member 20 to the first movement in the state at the regulated position. The second movement allowable amount (X2) smaller than the allowable amount (X1) is allowed to move. Thereby, the movable member 20 can have a two-stage allowable movement amount (movement stroke).

  As shown in FIG. 2, a handle 54 is attached to the restriction member 50, and the operator can change the state of the restriction member 50 by operating the handle 54. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the movable block 20d is provided with support members 52 and 53, and one support member 52 can support the restricting member 50 in the retracted position. The other supporting member 53 can support the regulating member 50 in the above.

[Measurement method]
A measurement method performed by the measurement apparatus 10 having the above configuration will be described.
In this measuring method, the outer ring 6 is installed around a point Q on the reference line L0 of the measuring apparatus 10, and the outer ring 6 is fixed to the track 7 (measurement target surface) formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 6. This is a method of measuring the diameter D1 in the track 7 by bringing the first contact 11 and the second contact 12 in contact with the movable third contact 13. The measurement method includes an installation process St1, a preparation process St2, a measurement process St3, and a calculation process St4 (see FIG. 5). 6-8 is the schematic of the measuring apparatus 10 for demonstrating each process.

In the installation step St1, as shown in FIG. 6, the third contact 13 is moved from the initial position to a position where the first contact 11, the second contact 12, the third contact 13, and the outer ring 6 do not interfere with each other. The outer ring 6 to be measured is installed at a predetermined position outside the contacts 11, 12, 13. The initial position is a state in which the tip of the stopper pin 19c (see FIG. 2) is in contact with the movable block 20d (by the urging force of the elastic member 25). In FIG. 6, the third contactor 13 is in the initial position. Is indicated by a broken line.
In order to move the third contact 13, the restricting member 50 is set to the retracted position (see FIG. 3), and the movable member 20 is moved from the initial position in the direction parallel to the reference line L0 to the first movement allowable amount (X1). : Refer to FIG. 2). The operator can move the third contactor 13 mounted on the movable member 20 against the elastic force of the elastic member 25 by pulling the lever 26 (see FIG. 1).

  Then, in the preparation step St2 after the installation step St1, the elastic member 25 pushes the movable member 20 by the elastic force (restoring force) by releasing the pulling force of the lever 26, and the movable member 20 is guided by the guide member 31. , 32 is guided and moved in a direction parallel to the reference line L0, the third contact 13 is pressed against the track 7, and as shown in FIG. 7, the first contact 11, the second contact 12, and the third contact Each child 13 is brought into contact with the track 7. When the pulling force of the lever 26 is released, the movable member 20 moves along a large movement stroke having the same dimension as the first movement allowance (X1), and the third contactor 13 comes into contact with the track 7. The first contactor 11 and the second contactor 12 are also in contact with the track 7.

In the preparation step St2, the movable member 20 is moved by pulling the lever 26 again while the first contactor 11 and the second contactor 12 are in contact with the track 7 to move the third contactor 13 to the track. 7 (see FIG. 8).
Before the movable member 20 is moved in this way, the restriction member 50 is set to the restriction position (FIG. 4). Thereby, the movable member 20 becomes movable about the second movement allowable amount (X2: 0.2 mm, for example) smaller than the first movement allowable amount (X1).
That is, as shown in FIG. 8, with the first contactor 11 and the second contactor 12 still in contact with the track 7, the movable member 20 is moved for the minute second movement allowance (X2), A minute gap δ is formed between the third contactor 13 and the track 7 (X2 = δ). Then, after forming the minute gap δ, by releasing the pulling force of the lever 26, the movable member 20 is urged by the elastic member 25, and a small movement stroke (which is the same as the minute gap δ) is achieved. The third contact 13 is pressed against the track 7 to eliminate the minute gap δ (see FIG. 9). In the state shown in FIG. 9, a measurement load is applied to the outer ring 6 by the force of the elastic member 25.

  According to the installation process St1 and the preparation process St2 as described above, first, in the installation process St1, the moving amount of the movable member 20 can be increased (see FIG. 6), and the outer ring 6 can be installed at a predetermined position. Then, in the next preparation step St2, after the moving amount of the movable member 20 is reduced to form a minute gap δ between the third contactor 13 and the track 7 (see FIG. 8), the movable member 20 is attached. Then, the third contact 13 is pressed against the track 7 (the minute gap δ is eliminated: see FIG. 9). In this way, in the preparation step St2, the third contact 13 is moved with a very small and constant moving stroke (0.2 mm in the present embodiment) and applied to the track 7, so that the work is performed for each trial. Even if persons are different, variations in how the third contact 13 is applied to the track 7 are less likely to occur. This makes it possible to stabilize the contact state of the contacts 11, 12, 13 (particularly the third contact 13) with respect to the track 7 of the outer ring 6 for each trial.

In the installation step St1 (see FIGS. 6 and 7), as described above, the movable member 20 is moved by a biasing force of the elastic member 25 for a large movement stroke having the same dimensions as the first movement allowable amount (X1). Thus, the third contact 13 is brought into contact with the track 7. In this case, since the third contact 13 moves about a large movement stroke (X1) due to the biasing force of the elastic member 25 and collides with the track 7, the contact state between the third contact 13 and the track 7 is reached. However, there is a high possibility that it differs from trial to trial.
However, as in this embodiment, in the preparation step St2 after the installation step St1, the movable member 20 (third contactor 13) is moved for a small movement stroke (0.2 mm). Variations (differences) are unlikely to occur in the manner in which the third contactor 13 comes into contact with the track 7 and the state after the contact, and the contact state can be stabilized.
And measurement process St3 is performed after such preparation process St2.

  In the measurement step St3, the displacement amount of the movable member 20 is measured in order to obtain the diameter D1 (see FIG. 1) in the track 7. More specifically, the displacement amount of the movable member 20 (movable base 20a) by the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 is measured in a state where the measurement load is applied to the outer ring 6. In the present embodiment, the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 serve as two measurement positions P11 and P12 that are symmetrical with respect to the reference line L0 in the movable member 20 (movable base 20a). The displacement amount of the movable member 20 (movable base 20a) is measured. The measurement values (measurement signals) of the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 are output to the calculation device 15, and the calculation device 15 calculates the diameter D1 of the track 7 using these measurement values.

In the next calculation step St4, in order to obtain the diameter D1 in the track 7, the average value of the displacement amounts at the two measurement positions P11 and P12 is obtained.
Further, the measurement unit and the average value are stored every time measurement is performed, and the dimensions of the work master are already stored in the storage unit of the arithmetic device 15. The work master is an outer ring having the same shape as the outer ring 6 to be measured, and has a known track dimension (diameter). And also about this work master, the displacement amount (average value of two measured values) of the movable base 20a is obtained using the measuring device 10, and the result (average value) is stored in the storage unit of the arithmetic unit 15. ing.

  Here, as described above, it is assumed that the linearity of the movable member 20 with respect to the guide members 31 and 32 becomes unstable, and the movable member 20 rotates around the contact position of the third contactor 13 with respect to the track 7 to be movable. When the member 20 is tilted with respect to the reference line L0, the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 acquire different measurement values as the temporary displacement amounts. These temporary displacement amounts are not actual displacement amounts of the movable member 20 in the direction along the reference line L0, but include components due to the movable member 20 being inclined. However, since the tilt angle (rotation angle) of the movable member 20 is very small, the component due to the tilt is corrected by averaging the temporary displacement amounts acquired from the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42, respectively. The average value can be regarded as the amount of displacement of the movable member 20 in the direction along the reference line L0.

  Thus, in the calculation step St4, the calculation device 15 calculates the average value of the measurement values of the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42. Then, the arithmetic unit 15 uses the average value and the diameter of the work master's track whose diameter is known to calculate the diameter D1 of the outer ring 6 on the track 7 that is actually measured. That is, the diameter D1 in the track 7 of the outer ring 6 is obtained by comparison with the work master.

  The process for obtaining the diameter D1 in the track 7 may be other than the above-described method. For example, the average value of the measured values of the first displacement meter 41 and the second displacement meter 42 may be used. Further, the diameter D1 may be calculated by a geometric calculation based on the arrangement of the second contact 12 and the third contact 13.

In the measuring method performed by the measuring apparatus 10 having the above configuration, the restricting member 50 (see FIG. 3) is set to the retracted position in order to install the outer ring 6 in the measuring apparatus 10 in the installation step St1. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, the movable member 20 on which the third contactor 13 is mounted is moved in the direction parallel to the reference line L0 with respect to the first movement allowance (X1). The second contact 12 and the third contact 13 and the outer ring 6 can be prevented from interfering with each other, and the outer ring 6 can be installed. Then, the third contact 13 is pressed against the track 7 by the elastic member 25, and the first contact 11, the second contact 12, and the third contact 13 are brought into contact with the track 7 as shown in FIG. It can be.
Next, in the preparation step St2, by setting the restricting member 50 (see FIG. 4) as the restricting position, as shown in FIG. After moving about the capacity (X2) to form a minute gap δ between the third contact 13 and the track 7, the movable member 20 is biased by the elastic member 25 to move the third contact 13 to the track 7. To eliminate the minute gap δ (see FIG. 9).

Thus, by setting the restricting member 50 to the retracted position, the amount of movement of the movable member 20 can be increased, and the outer ring 6 can be installed at a predetermined position, and by setting the restricting member 50 to the restricting position. Since the amount of movement of the movable member 20 can be reduced, variations in how the third contact 13 is applied to the track 7 are less likely to occur, and the contact state of the third contact 13 to the track 7 of the outer ring 6 is stabilized. It becomes possible.
As a result, the measurement accuracy of the diameter D1 of the track 7 performed by the arithmetic device 15 can be increased, and stable measurement repeatability can be obtained. And the measurement accuracy of the diameter D1 of the outer ring 6 can be improved. As a result, by using this outer ring 6, it is possible to obtain a high-level ball bearing with a stable clearance (Ra clearance) and contact angle. Become.

  Further, in the measuring apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the regulating member 50 is fixed to the movable member 20 (movable block 20d) that is movable with respect to the apparatus base 9 in a state where the regulating member 50 is in the restricted position (see FIG. 4). It is interposed between the fixed member 19 (stopper pin 19c) in the state. The restricting member 50 is configured to be separated from between the movable member 20 and the fixed member 19 in a state of being in the retracted position (see FIG. 3). According to this configuration, the movable member 20 can be moved with respect to the first movement allowable amount (X1) while the restriction member 50 is in the retracted position, and the movable member 20 is moved while the restriction member 50 is in the restriction position. A configuration that allows the small second movement allowance (X2) to be moved is easily obtained, and the measurement apparatus 10 can be simplified.

  In the above embodiment, the outer ring 6 is used as a measurement target, but the inner ring 4 may be used. The measurement apparatus in this case is shown in FIGS. In this measuring apparatus 10, the track 5 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 4 is used as a measurement target surface, and the diameter D3 of the track 5 is measured. In the case of the inner ring 4, the measuring device 10 has a configuration in which the three contacts 11, 12, and 13 are brought into contact with the raceway 5 of the inner ring 4 from the outside in the radial direction. These are the same as those shown in FIGS. For example, the restricting member 50 is provided so as to be capable of changing the position between the retracted position and the restricting position, and changes the allowable movement amount of the movable member 20. That is, the movable member 20 can be moved with respect to the first movement allowance (several millimeters) while the restriction member 50 is in the retracted position, and the movable member 20 is moved to the first movement allowance with the restriction member 50 being in the restriction position. It is possible to move for a second movement allowable amount (for example, 0.2 millimeters) smaller than that. When the object of measurement is the inner ring 4, the first movement allowance is set to be equal to or larger than the difference (the absolute value of the difference) between the diameter D 3 of the track 5 of the inner ring 4 and the diameter D 4 of the shoulder 4 a of the inner ring 4.

The embodiments disclosed above are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. That is, the measuring apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated form, and may be of another form within the scope of the present invention.
For example, in the present embodiment, the case where two displacement meters are used to measure the displacement amount of the movable member 20 has been described, but one displacement meter may be used.
Moreover, although the case where the measurement object is the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 6 of the ball bearing has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, and the diameters (inner diameter and outer diameter) of the race rings of other rolling bearings and other cylindrical workpieces are measured. Therefore, the measuring apparatus and measuring method of the present invention can be applied.

4: Inner ring (cylindrical workpiece) 4a: Shoulder part 5: Track (surface to be measured)
6: outer ring (cylindrical workpiece) 6a: shoulder 7: track (surface to be measured)
9: Device base 10: Measuring device 11: First contact 12: Second contact 13: Third contact 19: Fixed member 20: Movable member 25: Elastic member 41: First displacement meter 42: Second displacement Total 50: Restriction member D1: Diameter of the track D2: Diameter of the shoulder L0: Reference line Q: One point on the reference line X1: First gap (first movement allowable amount) X2: Second gap (second movement allowable amount)

Claims (4)

A cylindrical contact that has a first contact and a second contact in a line-symmetric arrangement with respect to a reference line, and a third contact located on the reference line, and is installed around one point on the reference line The diameter of the measurement target surface is measured by bringing the first contact, the second contact, and the third contact into contact with one of the measurement target surfaces of the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface. A measuring device for performing,
A movable member mounted with the third contactor and movable in a direction parallel to the reference line;
An elastic member for urging the movable member in a direction parallel to the reference line and pressing the third contact against the surface to be measured;
A displacement meter for measuring a displacement amount of the movable member;
A restricting member which is provided as a position changeable between a retracted position and a restricting position, and for changing a movement allowable amount of the movable member;
With
The restricting member enables the movable member to move with respect to the first allowable movement amount in the state at the retracted position, and the movable member is smaller than the first allowable movement amount in the state at the restricting position. It is possible to move about the two movement allowances,
measuring device. The cylindrical workpiece is an outer ring or an inner ring of a ball bearing,
2. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the first movement allowable amount is equal to or greater than a difference between a diameter of the outer ring or the inner ring on a track and a diameter of a shoulder portion of the outer ring or the inner ring. An apparatus base and a fixing member fixed to the apparatus base;
The restricting member is interposed between the movable member that is movable with respect to the apparatus base in the state where the restricting position is located, and the fixed member, and in the state where the restricting member is located in the retracted position, The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device is separated from between the fixing member. An outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical workpiece in which a first contact and a second contact in a line-symmetric arrangement with respect to a reference line and a third contact located on the reference line are set around one point on the reference line. And a method for measuring the diameter of the measurement target surface by contacting one of the measurement target surfaces of the inner peripheral surface,
The movable member carrying the third contact is moved in the direction parallel to the reference line to the position where the first contact, the second contact, the third contact and the cylindrical workpiece do not interfere with each other. Move about the allowable amount and install the cylindrical work,
After the installation step, the third contact is pressed against the surface to be measured, and the first contact, the second contact, and the third contact are in contact with the measurement surface. Process,
A measuring step of measuring a displacement amount of the movable member in order to obtain a diameter in the measurement target surface;
With
In the preparation step, the movable member is moved for a second movement allowable amount smaller than the first movement allowable amount to form a minute gap between the third contactor and the measurement target surface, and then the A measurement method in which the movable member is urged to press the third contact against the measurement target surface to eliminate the minute gap, and then the measurement step is performed.

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