JP2017080831A - Machining device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machining device that can prevent not only a machining failure of a work-piece due to stoppage of rotation of the work-piece but also a machining failure of the work-piece due to separation of the work-piece from a shoe.SOLUTION: A machining device 1 comprises: a main spindle 2 that rotates an annular work-piece W around an axial line X1 thereof; shoes 3 to which an outer peripheral surface of the work-piece W under rotation can be pressed; and a grindstone 4 for machining the work-piece W under the rotation. The shoes 3 have roll portions 14 which are rotated by bringing the outer peripheral surface thereof into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the work-piece W under the rotation. The machining device 1 further comprises sensors 5 for detecting whether or not the roll portions 14 are rotated normally.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a processing apparatus for processing an annular workpiece.

For example, as a processing device that performs super-finishing processing on an annular workpiece, the workpiece placed on the upper end surface of the main shaft is pressed from above with a clamp roll, and the workpiece is processed with a grindstone while rotating the main shaft together with the workpiece. What is performed is known (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
FIG. 6 shows a conventional processing apparatus, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a side view. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the conventional processing apparatus 100 includes a main shaft 101, a pair of clamp rolls 102, a pair of shoes 103, and a grindstone 104.

  The main shaft 101 is disposed so as to be rotatable about an axis line X ′ extending in the vertical direction, and an annular workpiece 200 is placed on the upper end surface of the main shaft 101. The clamp roll 102 is rotatably arranged around an axis Y ′ extending in the horizontal direction, and the outer peripheral surface of the clamp roll 102 presses the workpiece 200 placed on the upper end surface of the main shaft 101 from above. It has become. When the main shaft 101 is rotated around the axis X ′ in this state, the workpiece 200 rotates together with the main shaft 101, and each clamp roll 102 rotates around the axis Y ′ while pressing the workpiece 200 along with the rotation.

  The pair of shoes 103 are attached to a fixed base 105, and the tip of each shoe 103 is in sliding contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating workpiece 200. The grindstone 104 processes the inner peripheral surface of the rotating workpiece 200. At that time, when the pressing force of the grindstone 104 acts on the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece 200, the workpiece 200 is sandwiched between the shoe 103 and the grindstone 104 from both sides in the radial direction, and rotation may be stopped, resulting in a processing failure. is there.

  For this reason, the machining apparatus 100 includes a sensor 106 that detects that the workpiece 200 is rotating in order to prevent the machining failure. Since it is difficult for the conventional sensor 106 to directly detect the rotation of the annular workpiece 200, the rotation of the clamp roll 102 that rotates with the rotation of the workpiece 200 is detected.

JP 2011-93038 A

  In the processing apparatus 100, the workpiece 200 is set on the upper end surface of the main shaft 101 in a state where the center of the workpiece 200 is offset with respect to the shoe center so that the workpiece 200 can be rotated while being pressed against the shoe 103. However, even if the setting is made in this way, a machining defect may occur in the workpiece 200 when the workpiece 200 is displaced in a direction away from the shoe 103 during rotation. In order to prevent such processing defects, it is necessary to automatically detect that the workpiece 200 is separated from the shoe 103.

However, even when the workpiece 200 is separated from the shoe 103 as described above, since the workpiece 200 continues to rotate, the sensor 106 detects the rotation of the clamp roll 102 accompanying the rotation of the workpiece 200 as usual. For this reason, there has been a problem in that the sensor 106 cannot detect that the workpiece 200 has been separated from the shoe 103, and a workpiece 200 having a defective machining occurs.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and prevents not only a workpiece machining failure caused by the rotation stop of the workpiece but also a workpiece machining failure caused by the workpiece separating from the shoe. It aims at providing the processing device which can do.

  The processing apparatus of the present invention includes a rotating unit that rotates an annular workpiece around its axis, a shoe that can be pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the rotating workpiece, and a processing tool that processes the rotating workpiece. The shoe has a roll portion that rotates when an outer peripheral surface comes into contact with an outer peripheral surface of the rotating workpiece, and detects whether the roll portion is rotating normally. It is characterized by having a detection part for doing.

  According to the processing apparatus configured as described above, when the rotation of the workpiece is stopped by the pressing force of the processing tool, the roll portion of the shoe also stops rotating, so that the roll portion is normally rotated by the detection unit. It can be detected. Thereby, the processing defect of the workpiece | work resulting from the rotation stop of a workpiece | work can be prevented.

  In addition, when the work rotates away from the shoe, the outer peripheral surface of the roll portion of the shoe is not in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the work, and the rotation speed of the roll portion decreases. Due to the decrease in the rotation speed, the detection unit can detect that the roll unit is not rotating normally. Thereby, the processing defect of the workpiece | work resulting from a workpiece | work separating from a shoe can also be prevented.

  Furthermore, the detection unit detects whether or not the roll portion of the shoe is rotating normally, and does not detect the rotation of the clamp roll that presses the workpiece as in the prior art. For this reason, even if it is a case where the clamp unit containing a clamp roll cannot be arrange | positioned in a processing apparatus, the process defect resulting from both of the above can be prevented.

  In the processing apparatus, it is preferable that the roll unit includes a shape change unit in which a part of the shape in the rotation direction is changed, and the detection unit is formed of a sensor capable of detecting the shape change unit. In this case, it is possible to detect whether or not the roll portion is rotating normally by detecting the shape change portion of the roll portion with a sensor, and thus the configuration of the apparatus can be simplified.

  According to the machining apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to prevent not only the workpiece machining failure caused by the rotation stop of the workpiece but also the workpiece machining failure caused by the workpiece separating from the shoe.

The processing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the rolling bearing of the shoe in the said processing apparatus. The positional relationship of the sensor and roll part in the said processing apparatus is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. The modification of the said sensor and the said roll part is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. The other modification of the shape change part of the said roll part is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. The conventional processing apparatus is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a plan view and (b) is a side view. 1 (a) and 1 (b), for example, when manufacturing a bearing ring for a rolling bearing, the processing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is superfinished on the inner peripheral surface of an annular workpiece W made of bearing steel. Processing is performed.

  The processing apparatus 1 processes a main shaft (rotating portion) 2 that rotates the workpiece W around its axis X1, a pair of shoes 3 that can be pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the rotating workpiece W, and an inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W. A grindstone (processing tool) 4 is provided. The main shaft 2 is disposed so as to extend in the vertical direction, and the upper end surface 2a is a mounting surface on which one side surface of the workpiece W in the axial direction is mounted.

  The processing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment does not include a clamp roll that presses a workpiece placed on the upper end surface of the main shaft from above, unlike a conventional processing apparatus. Instead, in the present embodiment, a magnet chuck (not shown) is provided inside the spindle 2 for attracting and holding the workpiece W by magnetic force in a state where the workpiece W is placed on the upper end surface 2a.

  In order to press the work W against the pair of shoes 3, the work W is placed on the main shaft 2 with the center of the work W being offset from the shoe center. In FIG. 1, the main shaft 2 rotates together with the workpiece W in the clockwise direction in the figure, but may rotate in the counterclockwise direction. Moreover, in this embodiment, although the case where the main axis | shaft 2 is used is illustrated as a rotation part, if the workpiece | work W can be rotated as mentioned above, you may be comprised by members other than the main axis | shaft 2. FIG. .

  The grindstone 4 is disposed so as to be in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W placed on the upper end surface 2a of the main shaft 2. At that time, the grindstone 4 is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W by a pressing means (not shown). Therefore, by rotating the workpiece W in this state, the grindstone 4 can perform superfinishing on the entire inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W.

  In addition, although the grindstone 4 is arrange | positioned in the 9 o'clock position in planar view of Fig.1 (a), the arrangement position can be set arbitrarily. Moreover, in this embodiment, although the case where the grindstone 4 is used as a processing tool is illustrated, it is applicable also when using tools other than the grindstone 4.

The pair of shoes 3 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the workpiece W with the axis X1 of the workpiece W as a center in plan view. In the example of FIG. 1A, the shoes 3 are arranged at the 12 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions in the figure. Three or more shoes 3 may be provided. Further, the arrangement position of the shoe 3 in the circumferential direction can be set to an arbitrary position.
Each shoe 3 is provided on the fixed shaft 12, a support portion 11 having a base end attached to a fixed base (not shown), a fixed shaft 12 protruding upward at the distal end of the support portion 11, and a fixed shaft 12. A rolling bearing 13 is provided.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the rolling bearing 13. In FIG. 2, the rolling bearing 13 is constituted by a general-purpose deep groove ball bearing made of bearing steel such as SUJ3. Specifically, the rolling bearing 13 includes an inner ring 21, an outer ring 22, and a plurality of balls (rolling elements) 23 that are arranged to be able to roll between the inner ring 21 and the outer ring 22. The inner ring 21 is externally fixed to the fixed shaft 12.

  An inner ring raceway surface 21 a on which the balls 23 roll is formed on the outer periphery of the inner ring 21. On the inner periphery of the outer ring 22, an outer ring raceway surface 22a on which the balls 23 roll is formed at a position facing the inner ring raceway surface 21a. The plurality of balls 23 are disposed between the inner ring 21 and the outer ring 22. These balls 23 can roll on the inner ring raceway surface 21 a and the outer ring raceway surface 22 a, respectively, so that the outer ring 22 is rotatable with respect to the inner ring 21. The plurality of balls 23 are held at predetermined intervals by a holder (not shown).

  In FIGS. 1A and 1B, since the workpiece W is offset and disposed as described above, the outer peripheral surface of the rotating workpiece W is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 22 of the rolling bearing 13. In contact. For this reason, each outer ring 22 rotates around the axis X2 extending in the vertical direction of the fixed shaft 12 as the workpiece W rotates. Therefore, in this embodiment, the outer ring 22 of the rolling bearing 13 is the roll portion 14 that rotates when the outer peripheral surface of the rotating work W comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface thereof. In addition, the roll part 14 may be provided separately from the outer ring 22 of the rolling bearing 13.

By the way, when the pressing force of the grindstone 4 acts on the inner peripheral surface of the rotating workpiece W, the rotation of the workpiece W is stopped by being sandwiched between the roll portion 14 (outer ring 22) and the grindstone 4 from both sides in the radial direction, Processing defects may occur.
For this reason, in order to prevent the said processing defect, the processing apparatus 1 needs to detect automatically whether the workpiece | work W is rotating normally. The processing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a sensor 5 that is a detection unit for detecting whether or not the roll unit 14 that rotates with the rotation of the workpiece W is rotating normally.

  The sensor 5 is made of, for example, a transmissive photoelectric sensor, and includes a light projecting unit 5a that emits light and a light receiving unit 5b that receives the emitted light. The light projecting portion 5 a is attached to one side in the width direction of the support portion 11 via a bracket 15, and the light receiving portion 5 b is attached to the other side in the width direction of the support portion 11 via a bracket 16. In addition to the transmission type photoelectric sensor, a reflection type photoelectric sensor, a magnetic proximity sensor or the like as in a modified example described later may be used as the detection unit.

  FIG. 3 shows the positional relationship between the sensor 5 and the roll unit 14 in the present embodiment, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a side view. 3A and 3B, the roll portion 14 has a shape changing portion 24 in which a part of the shape in the circumferential direction (rotational direction) is changed. The shape changing portion 24 of the present embodiment includes a cutout portion 24 a formed by chamfering a part of the outer edge on one side in the axial direction in the roll portion 14.

  The light projecting portion 5a and the light receiving portion 5b of the sensor 5 are disposed opposite to the outer edge on the one axial side of the outer ring 22 in a side view of FIG. 3B, and the notch portion is rotated during the rotation of the roll portion 14. 24a is detected. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3A, when the cutout portion 24a passes through a position near 12:00 in the drawing by the rotation of the roll portion 14, the light emitted from the light projecting portion 5a is Since the light is received by the light receiving portion 5b after passing through the cutout portion 24a, the sensor 5 is turned on. Further, when the cutout portion 24a is rotationally moved at a position other than the vicinity of 12:00 in the drawing, the light emitted from the light projecting portion 5a is blocked by the outer edge portion of the outer ring 22, so that the light receiving portion 5b is The irradiated light cannot be received. For this reason, the sensor 5 is maintained in the OFF state.

  As described above, since the sensor 5 is turned on at a constant cycle by the notch 24a when the roll unit 14 is rotating, the controller (not shown) that controls the processing apparatus 1 is configured to perform the above cycle. Based on this change, it can be determined whether or not the roll unit 14 is rotating normally. For example, when the period is shorter than the threshold, it is determined that the roll unit 14 is rotating normally, and when the period is longer than the threshold, it is determined that the roll unit 14 is not rotating normally. Can do.

  Further, since the sensor 5 is turned on every time the roll unit 14 makes one rotation, the controller can also detect the number of rotations of the roll unit 14 based on the detection signal of the sensor 5. For this reason, the controller performs the actual work W based on the detected rotation speed of the roll unit 14, the peripheral length ratio between the roll unit 14 and the work W, the correction coefficient in consideration of the slip of the work W with respect to the spindle 2, and the like. Can also be calculated.

  In this way, for example, when the difference between the actual rotational speed of the workpiece W and the rotational speed of the main shaft 2 is equal to or greater than a threshold value, the controller causes the workpiece W to slip with respect to the main shaft 2. It can be determined that the machining is not performed under the set machining conditions. Thereby, the process defect resulting from the slip of the workpiece | work W can be prevented. In such control, when the workpiece W is attracted and held by the magnetic force of the magnet chuck as in the present embodiment, the workpiece W is more likely to slip than when the workpiece W is pressed using a conventional clamp roll. So it is especially effective.

  As described above, according to the processing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, when the rotation of the workpiece W is stopped by the pressing force of the grindstone 4, the roll portion 14 of the shoe 3 also does not rotate. It is possible to detect that it is not rotating. Thereby, the processing defect of the workpiece | work W resulting from the rotation stop of the workpiece | work W can be prevented.

  Further, when the workpiece W rotates away from the roll portion 14 of the shoe 3, the outer peripheral surface of the roll portion 14 is not in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W, and the rotation speed of the roll portion 14 is reduced. To do. The sensor 5 can detect that the roll part 14 is not rotating normally by the fall of this rotational speed. Thereby, the processing defect of the workpiece | work W resulting from the workpiece | work W separating from the shoe 3 can also be prevented.

  Further, the sensor 5 detects whether or not the roll portion 14 of the shoe 3 is rotating normally, and does not detect the rotation of the clamp roll that presses the workpiece W as in the conventional case. For this reason, even if it is a case where the clamp unit containing a clamp roll cannot be arrange | positioned in the processing apparatus 1 like this embodiment, the processing defect resulting from both of the above can be prevented.

  Moreover, since the shape change part 24 (notch part 24a) formed in the roll part 14 is detected by the sensor 5, it can be determined whether or not the roll part 14 is normally rotated. The configuration can be simplified.

  FIG. 4 shows a modified example of the sensor 5 and the roll unit 14, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a side view. The roll portion 14 of this modification includes an outer ring 22 and a lid portion 25 having a U-shaped cross section that is detachably fitted to the outer ring 22 so as to cover one axial side of the outer ring 22. . On the outer peripheral portion of the outer surface 25a of the lid portion 25, a concave portion 24b is formed as a shape changing portion 24 in which a part of the shape in the circumferential direction (rotation direction) changes. In addition, although the recessed part 24b of this modification is formed in the substantially rectangular shape in planar view, you may form in other arbitrary shapes.

  The sensor 5 of the present modification example is composed of, for example, a magnetic proximity sensor 5c. The detection surface 5c1 of the proximity sensor 5c is disposed at a position where the concave portion 24b passes forward during rotation of the roll portion 14 (lid portion 25) and close to the outer surface 25a of the lid portion 25. ing. In FIG. 4A, the proximity sensor 5c is disposed in close proximity to the outer peripheral portion of the outer surface 25a of the lid portion 25 at the 6 o'clock position in the drawing. The arrangement position of the proximity sensor 5c is an arbitrary position as long as the concave portion 24b passes through the front of the detection surface 5c1 and the detection surface 5c1 is close to the outer surface 25a of the lid portion 25. Can be set to

  As a result, when the concave portion 24b is rotationally moved at a position other than the vicinity of 6 o'clock in FIG. 4A during rotation of the lid portion 25 of the roll portion 14, the detection surface 5c1 of the proximity sensor 5c is It is close to the outer surface 25a of the part 25. For this reason, the proximity sensor 5c is maintained in the ON state in which the outer surface 25a is detected. And when the said recessed part 24b passes the position of 6 o'clock of Fig.4 (a), since the said recessed part 24b passes the position away from the said outer side surface 25a with respect to the detection surface 5c1 of the proximity sensor 5c. The proximity sensor 5c cannot detect the recess 24b and is in an OFF state.

  As described above, when the lid portion 25 of the roll portion 14 is rotating, the proximity sensor 5c is turned off at a constant cycle by the concave portion 24b. Therefore, the controller of the processing apparatus 1 changes the cycle. Based on this, it can be determined whether or not the roll unit 14 is rotating normally. For example, when the period is shorter than the threshold, it is determined that the roll unit 14 is rotating normally, and when the period is longer than the threshold, it is determined that the roll unit 14 is not rotating normally. Can do.

  According to this modification, since the lid portion 25 having the shape changing portion 24 is detachably attached to the outer ring 22 of the rolling bearing 13, the lid portion 25 is replaced with a new one when the rolling bearing 13 is replaced. It can be reused by changing to the rolling bearing 13. For this reason, since it is not necessary to form the shape change parts 24, such as a notch part, in the outer ring | wheel 22, whenever it replaces the rolling bearing 13, the replacement | exchange operation | work of the rolling bearing 13 can be performed easily in a short time.

  FIG. 5 shows another modification of the shape changing portion 24 of the roll portion 14, wherein (a) is a plan view and (b) is a side view. In addition, the sensor 5 of this modification consists of the proximity sensor 5c similarly to the modification of FIG. Moreover, the roll part 14 of this modification is made into the outer ring | wheel 22 of the rolling bearing 13 similarly to embodiment of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), a convex portion 24c is provided on one side surface of the roll portion 14 of the present modification as a shape changing portion 24 whose shape in the circumferential direction (rotation direction) changes. Is fixed by bonding. In addition, although the convex part 24c of this modification is formed in flat plate shape, you may be formed in other arbitrary shapes.

  The detection surface 5c1 of the proximity sensor 5c of the present modification is disposed so as to be close to and opposed to the detected surface 24c1 of the convex portion 24c at a predetermined rotational position while the roll unit 14 is rotating. In Fig.5 (a), the proximity sensor 5c is arrange | positioned in the 6 o'clock position in the figure. The arrangement position of the proximity sensor 5c can be set to an arbitrary position as long as the proximity sensor 5c is in close proximity to the detected surface 24c1 of the convex portion 24c.

  As a result, when the convex portion 24c passes through a position near 6 o'clock in FIG. 5A when the roll portion 14 is rotating, the detection surface 5c1 of the proximity sensor 5c is covered by the convex portion 24c. Since the detection sensor 24c1 is in close proximity to the detection surface 24c1, the proximity sensor 5c is in an ON state in which the detection surface 24c1 is detected. When the convex portion 24c is rotationally moved at a position other than the vicinity of 6 o'clock in FIG. 5A, the detection surface 5c1 of the proximity sensor 5c is not in close proximity to the detected surface 24c1 of the convex portion 24c. The proximity sensor 5c is maintained in the OFF state in which the detection surface 24c1 is not detected.

  As described above, when the roll unit 14 is rotating, the proximity sensor 5c is turned on at a constant cycle by the convex portion 24c, so that the controller of the processing apparatus 1 rolls based on the change in the cycle. It can be determined whether the part 14 is rotating normally. For example, when the period is shorter than the threshold, it is determined that the roll unit 14 is rotating normally, and when the period is longer than the threshold, it is determined that the roll unit 14 is not rotating normally. Can do.

  The embodiment disclosed this time is illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, and includes all modifications that are within the scope of the claims and equivalents. For example, the processing apparatus in the present embodiment does not include a clamp roll, but may be applied to a clamp roll provided that includes a shoe having a roll part and a sensor that detects rotation of the roll part. May be.

  Moreover, although the processing apparatus of this embodiment has illustrated the case where a superfinishing process is performed with respect to the internal peripheral surface of a workpiece | work, what performs a superfinishing process with respect to the outer peripheral surface of a workpiece | work, You may apply to what grinds with respect to a surface or an outer peripheral surface. In particular, many processing apparatuses that perform grinding work are effective because they do not include a clamp roll and hold a workpiece by a magnetic chuck.

  Moreover, the notch part 24a shown in FIG. 3 or the convex part 24c shown in FIG. 5 may be provided in the cover part etc. which are separate from the outer ring | wheel 22 like the modification shown in FIG. Moreover, the shape change part 24 is not limited to the said notch part 24a, the recessed part 24b, and the convex part 24c, You may be formed in the other arbitrary shapes.

  1: Processing device, 2: Spindle (rotating part), 3: Shoe, 4: Whetstone (processing tool), 5 Sensor (detection part), 14 Roll part, 24 Shape changing part, W: Workpiece, X1: Workpiece axis

Claims (2)

A rotating part that rotates an annular workpiece around its axis;
A shoe on which the outer peripheral surface of the rotating workpiece can be pressed;
A processing device including a processing tool for processing the rotating workpiece,
The shoe has a roll portion that rotates when an outer peripheral surface contacts the outer peripheral surface of the rotating workpiece,
A processing apparatus comprising a detection unit for detecting whether or not the roll unit is normally rotated. The roll part has a shape changing part in which a part of the shape in the rotation direction is changed,
The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detection unit includes a sensor capable of detecting the shape change unit.

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