JP2017064574A - Water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water treatment apparatus for use in the purification of well water or the like, capable of washing a filter by simple and economical means with a high regeneration rate, and suppressing inhibition of suspended component adsorption onto the filter material during water treatment since air bubbles are not held for a long time.SOLUTION: A water treatment apparatus 1 for removing suspended components and the like contained in water, comprises: an electric pump 3 drawing in the water from a well or a water storage tank and delivering the water; and a filtration device 4 encapsulating a filter material 15. At a time of washing the filter material 15, a configuration including an upstream washing pipe 8 introducing washing water into the filtration device 4; gas introduction means 12 disposed halfway along the upstream washing pipe; fluid unification means 13 installed in a lower portion within the filtration device; and filtration device internal pressure regulation means 14, enables the filter material to uniformly flow without causing air bubbles of a gas-liquid mixture fluid to be present locally within the filtration device, and a quantity of the gas dissolved in the water to be controlled in a desired state to keep an air bubble diameter constantly at a desired size, so that it is possible to ensure a high regeneration rate and to wash the filter material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention is a water treatment apparatus for small-scale facilities, which purifies water by removing turbid components contained in well water, river water, rain water, tap water, etc. (treated water). The present invention relates to a processing apparatus.

  Examples of a technique capable of high-speed filtration of suspended particles in various raw waters such as sewage, various wastewaters, irrigation water, and seawater include a filtration technique using a fiber filter medium. In water treatment using filter media, suspended substances in water are removed by adhering suspended substances between the filter media. Water clogging performance decreases due to clogging. Therefore, it is necessary to wash the filter medium for each predetermined processing amount. Conventionally, this type of water treatment apparatus has been known that has a cleaning mechanism for cleaning clogged filter media and a backwashing function (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Hereinafter, the water treatment apparatus will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the water treatment apparatus 100 includes a filtration tank 101, a water-permeable receiving plate 102 and a holding plate 103 in the filtration tank 101, and a small spherical filter medium 104 of a wire bundle is inserted between the filter tank 101. In addition, the filter medium 104 is cleaned by moving the presser plate 103 up and down by a driving device 105 as a cleaning mechanism.

  In addition, in order to effectively clean the filter medium to which suspended substances are attached, the backwash function requires a means for dispersing and flowing the filter medium deposited under the filter well with backwash water. As such means, there is one that uses a means for introducing a mixed fluid of air and backwash water into a filtration device to disperse and flow the fiber filter medium (for example, see Patent Document 2). As a mixed fluid of air and backwash water, microbubbles are generated in the backwash water, and the filter medium is washed with the microbubble-containing fluid.

JP-A-6-31113 Japanese Patent No. 748338

  In such a conventional water treatment device, since the microbubbles adhere to and flow through the filter medium, the suspended substances are separated from the filter medium and washed, so the microbubbles attached to the filter medium Because the filter media is biased upward and distributed due to the generated buoyancy, the flow of the filter media does not flow well, resulting in insufficient cleaning, and in addition, microbubbles adhere to the filter media and are retained for a long time, so water treatment after cleaning the filter media It had the problem of inhibiting the turbidity component adsorption to the filter medium at the time. If the turbidity component adsorption to the filter medium is inhibited during water treatment, the water treatment performance may be lowered.

  Therefore, the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and the turbid component adsorption inhibition to the filter medium during water treatment is caused by excessive bubbles adhering to the filter medium without the filter medium being unevenly distributed upward. It aims at providing the water treatment apparatus which suppressed water.

  In order to achieve this object, the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention includes an upstream cleaning pipe that introduces cleaning water into the filtration apparatus when cleaning the filter medium, a gas introduction means in the middle of the upstream cleaning pipe, and the filtration It has a fluid uniformizing means and a pressure adjusting means in the filtration device installed below the inside of the device, thereby achieving the intended purpose.

  According to the present invention, the configuration includes the fluid homogenizing means installed below the inside of the filtration device and the pressure adjusting means in the filtration device, so that bubbles of the gas-liquid mixed fluid are locally located in the filtration device. To keep the bubble diameter constant at the desired size by controlling the amount of gas dissolved in the water in a desired state by flowing the filter medium uniformly without being unevenly distributed, it is too fine like a microbubble Since it is possible to suppress the generation of air bubbles, dirt attached to the filter medium does not remain due to water treatment and cleaning is performed with a high regeneration rate, and air bubbles are not retained in the filter medium for a long time. Suspension adsorption inhibition can be suppressed.

The schematic diagram which shows the structure at the time of the water treatment of the water treatment apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this invention. The schematic diagram which shows the structure at the time of the washing | cleaning of the water treatment apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this invention. The schematic diagram which shows the structure at the time of the washing | cleaning of the water treatment apparatus of Embodiment 2 of this invention. The schematic diagram which shows the structure at the time of the washing | cleaning of the water treatment apparatus of Embodiment 3 of this invention. The schematic diagram which shows the structure at the time of the washing | cleaning of the water treatment apparatus of Embodiment 4 of this invention. Schematic diagram showing a conventional water treatment device

  The water treatment device according to the present invention includes an upstream cleaning pipe that introduces cleaning water into the filtration device during filter media cleaning, a gas introduction means in the middle of the upstream cleaning piping, and a fluid homogenization that is installed below the filtration device. Means and a pressure adjusting means in the filtration device. This allows the filter medium to be well dispersed and flowed by backwashing water without the presence of gas-liquid mixed fluid bubbles in the filtration device at local locations, and the amount of gas dissolved in water is desired. By controlling in this state and keeping the bubble diameter constant at a desired size, it is possible to suppress the generation of too fine bubbles such as microbubbles. Therefore, since the bubbles are not retained in the filter medium for a long time, the inhibition of adsorption of turbid components to the filter medium during water treatment can be suppressed.

  Further, the downstream cleaning pipe may have a flow rate adjusting means. As a result, it becomes possible to control the discharge flow rate of the backwash water at the same time as controlling the pressure in the filtration device, thereby suppressing the discharge amount of the backwash water and reducing the amount of water used for backwashing. Play.

  In addition, a filter medium confirmation window that allows the filter medium in the filtration device to be seen is provided, and at least two filter medium confirmation windows are installed at different heights. The size of the filter medium confirmation window is between the filter mediums during cleaning. The distance may be a size that allows the distance to be confirmed. This makes it possible to see whether the filter medium is evenly distributed in the height direction in the filtration device during washing and whether the desired distance between the filter media is secured, so that the filter medium is well dispersed in the filtration device during washing. There is an effect that it can be confirmed whether or not it is in an ideal state.

  In addition, a light source for entering light into the filtration device and a detection means for detecting light incident from the light source into the filtration device are provided, and two or more optical paths between the light source and the detection means are set. May be. This makes it possible to detect whether the filter medium in the filtering device is evenly distributed during cleaning without comparing with the human eye by comparing the amount of transmitted light in each optical path. Therefore, there is an effect that it can be confirmed whether the filter medium is in an ideal state in which the filter medium is well dispersed in the filter device.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the water treatment apparatus 1 is connected to an electric pump 3 connected to a pipe 2 installed for the purpose of taking raw water from a well or a water tank, and downstream of the electric pump 3. A switching valve 5 capable of selectively switching between filtration device 4 and filtration and backwashing is provided. The filtration device 4 includes an upstream water purification pipe 6 that introduces raw water to the filtration device 4 connected via a switching valve 5, a downstream water purification pipe 7 that discharges treated water after purification from the filtration device 4, and a switching valve 5. An upstream cleaning pipe 8 for introducing backwash water to the filtration device 4 and a downstream washing pipe 9 for discharging the washed waste water from the filtration device 4 are connected. Further, the filtration device 4 is a container in which the filter medium 15 is enclosed, and is configured such that the filter medium 15 can be put into the inside or the filter medium 15 can be taken out to the outside. The upstream cleaning pipe 8 is provided with a gas introduction means 12 for introducing a gas into the water that passes through the upstream cleaning pipe 8 at the time of cleaning to make a gas-liquid mixed fluid. A flow rate adjusting means 11 is installed in the downstream cleaning pipe 9.

  A fluid homogenizing means 13 is provided at the inlet portion of the gas-liquid mixed fluid introduced into the filtration device 4 at the time of cleaning, and the filtration device internal pressure adjusting means 14 for adjusting the pressure in the filtration device 4 is provided in the filtration device 4. Prepare.

  At the time of water treatment, the upstream water purification pipe 6 is selected as a flow path by the switching valve 5, and raw water is introduced into the filtration device 4 by the electric pump 3. When the raw water introduced into the filtration device 4 passes between the filter media 15, the turbid components in the raw water are adsorbed on the surface of the filter media 15 to purify the water. The treated water obtained by purifying the raw water passes through the downstream purified water pipe 7 and the purified water supply valve 10 and is discharged out of the water treatment device 1 and used as purified water by removing turbid components.

  When cleaning the filter medium 15 adsorbed with turbid components when purifying the raw water, the flow path is switched by the switching valve 5 to select the upstream cleaning pipe 8 as the flow path, and the raw water is filtered by the electric pump 3. It is introduced into the device 4. At that time, the gas-liquid mixed fluid mixed with the gas introduced from the gas introducing means 12 passes through the upstream cleaning pipe 8, and the bubbles 16 contained in the gas-liquid mixed fluid are filtered by the fluid homogenizing means 13. 4 is uniformly introduced without being locally generated. Washing is performed while the pressure in the filtration device 4 is adjusted by the pressure regulation means 14 in the filtration device, and the washing wastewater is discharged out of the water treatment device 1 through the downstream washing pipe 9.

  The pipe member used for the pipe 2, the upstream water purification pipe 6, the downstream water purification pipe 7, the upstream washing pipe 8, and the downstream washing pipe 9 may be any material and structure that can withstand the water pressure of the pump. For ease of use, for example, a vinyl chloride resin, a steel pipe, or a straight pipe using these composite materials can be used. The nominal diameter is preferably large so that the loss head is low. For example, the nominal diameter is 15 to 50 millimeters, and the thickness is preferably about 1 to 5 millimeters.

  The connection of each component is not particularly limited, either a direct connection method or a method using a piping member, but it is preferable to determine the connection method in consideration of the arrangement and operability of each component. . Moreover, you may install members, such as a valve | bulb, a branch, and an elbow, in the middle of each piping member as needed.

  The gas introduction means 12 is a branch pipe having a branch structure in which air pressurized by a compressor or the like for introducing gas into the pipe is injected into the liquid pipe, and is a branch pipe connected with a gas cylinder instead of the compressor. Also good.

  The electric pump 3 is an electric motor driven pump for sucking and discharging raw water from a well or a water tank. Examples of the electric pump 3 include centrifugal pumps, jet pumps, cascade pumps, axial flow pumps, diagonal flow pumps, and the like. . When used for purification of well water in ordinary households, it is necessary to suck up the height of about 10 to 20 meters for shallow wells and about 20 to 30 meters for deep wells. Considering the head loss, the electric pump 3 preferably has a head of about 20 meters, and a centrifugal pump such as a spiral pump or a jet pump is more preferable.

  In addition, the electric pump 3 includes a non-automatic pump that operates with a power switch, or an automatic pump that includes a pressure filtering device and a pressure switch and automatically operates below a predetermined pressure. Any type of pump can be used for the processing apparatus 1. The flow rate discharged by the electric pump 3 is, for example, about 5 to 50 liters per second. For the purpose of purifying well water in a general household, the head and flow rate that can obtain about 5 to 15 liters per second are obtained. A pump having the following characteristics is preferable.

  Turbid components having a diameter of 1 micrometer or more, such as coarse particles, aggregates, and dust contained in the raw water, accumulate as dirt on the surface of the filter medium 15 enclosed in the filtration device 4. In order to maintain the purification performance of the water treatment apparatus 1, it is preferable that the filter medium 15 is periodically washed so that only the dirt accumulated on the surface thereof can be discharged out of the filtration apparatus 4.

  In order to clean the filter medium 15, it is important to introduce the gas-liquid mixed fluid of water and air into the inside of the filtering device 4 uniformly and constantly without the bubbles 16 being locally biased inside the filtering device 4. . Therefore, when the gas-liquid mixed fluid is introduced from the lower part of the filtration device 4, the local air bubbles 16 are prevented from being biased by passing the fluid uniformizing means 13. As the fluid homogenizing means 13, a means that does not require electric power, such as a porous plate and a stirring blade that operates by a water flow, is desirable.

  Moreover, although the state in the filtration apparatus 4 effective for washing | cleaning of a filter medium is various according to the shape and magnitude | size of a filter medium, generally the distance between filter media is large and a filter medium is uniformly inside the filter apparatus 4. It is distributed and water is flowing between the filter media. In order for the filter medium 15 to be uniformly distributed inside the filtration device 4, it is important to balance the weight / surface area of the filter medium 15 and the size / rising speed of the bubbles 16 in the gas-liquid mixed fluid to be introduced. The size of the bubbles 16 of the gas-liquid mixed fluid introduced at the time of cleaning is desirably controlled inside the filtration device 4. Therefore, the water treatment device 1 includes a filtration device internal pressure adjusting means 14 that can adjust the pressure inside the filtration device 4.

  Bubbles in the liquid have higher internal pressure than external pressure (from Young Laplace's formula). On the other hand, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is determined by pressure (Henry law). Therefore, in order to control the amount of bubbles 16 dissolved in the filtration device 4 and keep the size of the bubbles 16 stable, it is important to keep the pressure inside the filtration device 4 stable at a desired pressure. .

  The pressure adjusting means 14 in the filtering device is a means capable of keeping the pressure in the filtering device 4 constant within a specified range. For example, when the upper limit value exceeds the upper limit value of the specified range, the pressure adjusting means is opened and closed. The pressure is adjusted by a mechanism in which the opening is opened and the pressure in the filtration device 4 is reduced, and the lower limit value is adjusted by a mechanism that closes the opening and closing port of the pressure adjusting means when the pressure falls below the lower limit of the specified range. The lower limit value of the adjustable pressure range is atmospheric pressure, and pressurization is performed by the electric pump 3, so the upper limit value of adjustable pressure is the maximum allowable pressure value of the electric pump.

  The upper limit adjustment means and the lower limit adjustment means may be achieved by the same means mechanism, or may be separate means mechanisms.

  The specified range of the pressure in the filtration device 4 can be arbitrarily set depending on how the filter medium 15 is to be dispersed / flowed when the filter medium 15 is washed. However, if the upper limit value is too high, the solubility of the gas in the liquid is increased. In addition, since the air inside the bubbles dissolves in the liquid and becomes finer, it is preferable that the pressure range is set not to be too high.

  The filtration device pressure adjustment means 14 is preferably a means that does not require power such as a safety valve or a constant pressure valve, and the flow rate adjustment means 11 is preferably means that does not require power such as a manual flow rate adjustment valve.

  In the above-described configuration, the water treatment apparatus 1 disappears in a fine size such as microbubbles without the bubbles 16 of the gas-liquid mixed fluid introduced into the filtration apparatus 4 being generated at local locations in the filtration apparatus. By suppressing the generation of bubbles that are difficult to perform, the bubbles 16 are not retained in the filter medium for a long time, so that the dirt adhering to the filter medium 15 does not remain and washing is performed, thereby inhibiting adsorption of turbid components to the filter medium during water treatment. Can be suppressed.

  The flow rate adjusting means 11 installed in the downstream cleaning pipe 9 is not necessarily required, but if the flow rate adjusting means 11 decreases the flow rate in the downstream cleaning pipe 9, the pressure in the filtration device 4 increases, so a wide range. Thus, the pressure in the filtration device 4 can be controlled. That is, the range in which the size of the bubble 16 is controlled can be expanded by controlling the amount of dissolution of the bubble 16.

  Moreover, since it becomes possible to adjust the flow volume of washing waste water at the same time as controlling the pressure in the filtration device 4, the amount of water used when washing the filter medium 15 is reduced by suppressing the discharge amount of the washing waste water. Is possible. Further, it is possible to shorten the cleaning time of the filter medium 15 by increasing the discharge amount of the cleaning waste water.

(Embodiment 2)
As shown in FIG. 3, the water treatment apparatus 1 includes a filter medium confirmation window 17 formed of a material that transmits light, such as a transparent acrylic plate or glass plate, so that the filter medium in the filter device can be seen. . At least two filter medium confirmation windows 17 are installed at different heights on the side surface of the filtration device 4, and the size of the filter medium confirmation windows 17 is large enough to confirm the distance between the filter mediums 15 flowing during cleaning. is there. The height in the vertical direction where the filter medium confirmation window 17 is installed varies depending on the individual filter medium types and the optimum value of the filter medium development height, which is an index indicating the distribution state of the filter medium during cleaning. The specified height a and the specified height b that specify the filter height vary depending on the type of filter medium, but the filter medium confirmation window 17 installed above the filtration device 4 specified by the specified height b is installed near the optimum deployment height. It is desirable that it can be confirmed that the filter medium 15 is distributed to the optimum height when the filter medium 15 is washed. The lower filter medium confirmation window 17 defined by the defined height a is a confirmation window for confirming whether or not the filter medium is biased upward and does not flow, and therefore the distance from the defined height b to the defined height a. Is within the optimum deployment height and is preferably installed below the filtration device.

  As described above, the size of the filter medium confirmation window 17 is a size capable of confirming whether a sufficient distance necessary for cleaning is secured between the filter mediums 15 flowing at the time of cleaning. It depends on the type of filter media. However, if it is too large, there is a possibility that an algae is generated in the filtration device 4 due to the entry of external light. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to confirm the distance between the filter media 15 at the time of cleaning. desirable.

In the above configuration, the distance between the filter media is ensured in the filtering device 4 when the filter media 15 are washed, and the filter media is evenly distributed, and it is possible to confirm whether or not the filter media 15 is in an ideal state.
When it is confirmed that the filter medium 15 is biased in the filter device 4 when the filter medium 15 is washed, the pressure in the filter device 4 may be adjusted, and the distribution state of the bubbles 16 of the gas-liquid mixed fluid may be adjusted. It is possible to eliminate the unevenness of the filter medium.

(Embodiment 3)
As shown in FIG. 4, the water treatment device 1 includes a light source 18 that enters light into the filtration device 4 and a detection unit 19 that detects light incident from the light source into the filtration device. The light source and the detection Two or more optical paths 20 between the means are set.

  The light source 18, the detection means 19, and the optical path 20 are means for confirming the distribution state of the filter medium 15 in the filtration device 4 at the time of cleaning, and the light intensity passing through the plurality of optical paths 20 is measured and compared. Thus, it is possible to detect whether the filter medium 15 in the filtration device 4 is uniformly distributed.

  For example, it can be estimated that the filter medium 15 does not disperse in the light path 20 having a low light intensity and is densely biased, and that the filter medium 15 is not present in the light path 20 having a high light intensity. When the light intensities in the plurality of optical paths 20 are significantly different, it is possible to detect that the distribution of the filter medium 15 in the filtration device 4 is not uniform.

  The light source 18 is a light source that irradiates light having a wavelength or intensity that can pass through the filtering device 4, and may be a general light source used in a device that measures transmitted light, such as an LED, a semiconductor laser, or a tungsten lamp. However, the present invention is not limited to this as long as the object can be achieved. Further, a reflection plate may be provided in the middle of the optical path 20 between the light source 18 and the detection means 19, and the optical path 20 may be bent in a desired direction.

In the above configuration, it is possible to automatically detect whether the filter medium 15 is uniformly distributed in the filtration device 4 when the filter medium 15 is washed. When it is confirmed that the filter medium 15 is biased in the filter device 4 when the filter medium 15 is washed, the pressure in the filter device 4 may be adjusted, and the distribution state of the bubbles 16 of the gas-liquid mixed fluid may be adjusted. It is possible to eliminate the unevenness of the filter medium.
In the present embodiment, since the bias of the filter medium is automatically detected, the pressure may be automatically adjusted.

(Embodiment 4)
As shown in FIG. 5, the water treatment apparatus 1 includes a non-electrically driven gas introducing unit 22 installed in the upstream cleaning pipe 8 and a flow rate adjusting unit 21 installed on the upstream side of the gas introducing unit 22. . The structure of the gas introducing means 22 that does not require electric power is, for example, a venturi structure or the like, and by reducing the flow of fluid in the pipe, the flow velocity is increased to generate a lower pressure than that of the low speed portion and suck air. It is a mechanism to do. Therefore, the amount of gas sucked can be controlled by controlling the flow velocity in the pipe, and it is important to keep the flow velocity in the pipe constant in order to suck the gas stably. In order to control these, the flow rate adjusting means 21 can be installed upstream of the gas introducing means 22. The flow rate adjusting means 21 is preferably a means that does not require electric power, such as a manual valve.

  In the above configuration, since a compressor or the like for generating a high pressure for introducing the bubbles 16 into the apparatus is not required, water and gas can be introduced into the filtration apparatus 4 without using facilities that require electric power. The mixed gas-liquid mixed fluid is introduced, the gas introduction amount is kept constant, and the filter medium 15 can be washed.

  The water treatment apparatus according to the present invention has a high regeneration rate and can wash the filter medium, and can suppress the inhibition of turbidity component adsorption to the filter medium during water treatment, so that the purification of well water and stored water can be performed. It is useful as a household water treatment device used in

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water treatment apparatus 2 Piping 3 Electric pump 4 Filtration apparatus 5 Switching valve 6 Upstream water purification piping 7 Downstream water purification piping 8 Upstream washing piping 9 Downstream washing piping 10 Purified water supply valve 11 Flow rate adjustment means 12 Gas introduction means 13 Fluid equalization means 14 Filtration device pressure adjustment means 15 Filter medium 16 Bubbles 17 Filter medium confirmation window 18 Light source 19 Detection means 20 Optical path 21 Flow rate adjustment means 22 Gas introduction means

Claims (4)

In a water treatment device for removing turbid components contained in water, it is equipped with an electric pump for sucking and discharging water from a well or a water storage tank, and a filtration device with a filter medium enclosed therein. An upstream cleaning pipe for introducing cleaning water into the filtration apparatus, a gas introduction means in the middle of the upstream cleaning pipe, a fluid homogenization means installed below the inside of the filtration apparatus, a downstream washing pipe, and a pressure adjustment in the filtration apparatus Water treatment apparatus having means. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a flow rate adjusting unit in the downstream cleaning pipe. The water treatment device includes a filter medium confirmation window through which the filter medium in the filter device can be seen, and at least two filter medium confirmation windows are installed at different heights. The water treatment device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water treatment device has a size capable of confirming a distance between filter media at the time. The water treatment apparatus includes a light source that enters light into the filtration device and a detection unit that detects light incident from the light source into the filtration device, and sets two or more optical paths between the light source and the detection unit The water treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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