JP2017058608A - Diffusion characteristic acquisition device and diffusion characteristic reproducing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device which acquires and reproduces diffusion characteristics of light on an object surface.SOLUTION: A diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 is a device which acquires information of brightness and colors of a plurality of beams 101a1, 101a2 and 101a3 emitted from one point 101a0 on a subject 101a in different directions, as diffusion characteristics. The device comprises an objective lens 102, an aperture array 105 having a plurality of apertures 105a arranged two-dimensionally, an optical element array 106 having a plurality of optical elements 106a arranged two-dimensionally, and an imaging device 103 in this order from the side of the subject 101a. Individual optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 are disposed in positions on which beams passing through individual apertures 105a constituting the aperture array 105 impinge, and the aperture array 105 is disposed in a position in which optical images 104a and 104b of the subject are generated by the objective lens 102.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a diffusion characteristic acquisition device and a diffusion characteristic reproduction device that acquire and reproduce light diffusion characteristics on an object surface.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a technique for improving a texture such as glitter by forming a glossy film on a printed image based on image data captured by an imaging device such as a digital camera has been known. (See Patent Document 1). However, this technique is a printing technique, and for example, there is no known method for reproducing the texture such as glitter of a jewel or glossy object on a display, or a method for optically acquiring information for that purpose. .

JP 2010-179573 A

  As a technique for acquiring and reproducing luminance and color information of an object surface, a normal camera and a display are known. Problems with these ordinary cameras and displays will be described with reference to FIGS. As an example, the camera C illustrated in FIG. 11 captures a prism and a column as a subject 301a and a subject 301b. This camera C includes a camera lens 302 and an image sensor 303. Although the camera lens 302 is represented by one convex lens, it may be configured by a combination of a plurality of lenses. The image sensor 303 is configured by an element capable of capturing a moving image such as a normal photographic film or a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor. When the subject is photographed by the camera C in the direction indicated by the arrow 320, images 304a and 304b corresponding to the subjects 301a and 301b are formed on the image sensor 303, respectively. The distance between the image sensor 303 and the camera lens 302 at this time is X1.

  Here, attention is paid to a certain point 301a0 on the subject 301a, and for example, three light rays 301a1, 301a2, and 301a3 are emitted from this point 301a0. These light beams may be light beams emitted by the subject itself or light beams generated by reflection of light irradiated on the subject. The three light rays 301a1, 301a2, and 301a3 are collected by the camera lens 302, and an image 304a0 corresponding to the point 301a0 on the subject 301a is generated on the image sensor 303. Here, the three light beams 301 a 1, 301 a 2, and 301 a 3 emitted from the point 301 a 0 may have different brightness and color depending on the surface shape of the subject 301, for example. However, there is a problem that when the image 304a0 is acquired by the image sensor 303, the image 304a0 is acquired in a state where these brightnesses and colors are combined.

  Similarly, paying attention to a certain point 301b0 on the subject 301b, for example, three light rays 301b1, 301b2, and 301b3 are emitted from this point 301b0. The three light beams 301b1, 301b2, and 301b3 are collected by the camera lens 302, and an image 304b0 corresponding to the point 301b0 on the subject 301b is generated on the image sensor 303.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a display D composed of display elements 412. The display element 412 is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal panel. The display element 412 displays an image 404a and an image 404b corresponding to the image 304a and the image 304b taken by the camera C shown in FIG. When the human viewer H observes the display element 412 in the direction indicated by the arrow 421, the prismatic image 404a and the cylindrical image 404b can be observed.

  Here, it is assumed that the images 404a and 404b and the points 404a0 and 404b0 constituting the image are the same as the brightness and color information acquired by the image sensor 303 of FIG. Therefore, the point 404a0 corresponds to the point 301a0 on the subject 301a, but there is a problem that the same brightness and color are observed from the point 404a0 on the display regardless of the viewing direction. Similarly, the point 404b0 corresponds to the point 301b0 on the subject 301b, but there is a problem that the same brightness and color are observed from the point 404b0 on the display regardless of the viewing direction.

  As described above, the light beam emitted from one point of the subject or the light beam generated by reflecting the light irradiated to one point of the subject may have different brightness and color depending on the direction of the light beam, for example. Hereinafter, the characteristics of brightness and color that differ depending on the direction of light rays from one point of the subject will be referred to as the subject diffusion characteristics.

A real object, for example, a glossy object, differs in the area that glitters depending on the position viewed by the person observing it, but the two-dimensional image acquired by the camera lens 302 is usually glossy when viewed from any direction. Will not change, and the texture such as glitter will deteriorate. Therefore, the camera C shown in FIG. 11 cannot acquire the diffusion characteristics of the subject, and as a result, the diffusion characteristics of the subject cannot be reproduced on the display D shown in FIG.
As described above, when the brightness and color of a real object differ depending on the direction, the method of reproducing the state of the object on the display and the method of optically acquiring information of the object necessary for reproduction are as follows. It was not known so far.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus and a diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus that can acquire and reproduce the light diffusion characteristics of an object surface. To do.

  In order to solve the above problems, a diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to the present invention is a diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus that acquires, as diffusion characteristics, information on the brightness and color of a plurality of light rays emitted from one point of a subject in different directions, In order from the object side, an objective lens, an aperture array in which a plurality of apertures are two-dimensionally arranged, an optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements are two-dimensionally arranged, and an image sensor are provided, and the optical element The individual optical elements constituting the array are arranged at positions where light passing through the individual openings constituting the aperture array is incident, and the aperture array is located at a position where an optical image of a subject is generated by the objective lens. It is arranged.

  According to such a configuration, in the diffusion characteristic acquisition device, since the aperture array is arranged at a position where the optical image of the subject is generated by the objective lens, a plurality of the optical images that are generated contribute to a certain point of the subject. The light beams intersect and overlap each other at the position of the aperture in the aperture array, but are separated into a plurality of light beams when passing through the aperture. In the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus, the individual optical elements constituting the optical element array are arranged at positions where light passing through the individual openings constituting the aperture array is incident. A plurality of light rays that contribute to a certain point enter each optical element. And an optical element radiate | emits in the state which isolate | separated the several light beam which contributes to this one point. In the diffusion characteristic acquisition device, the light emitted from the optical element array is received by the imaging element, whereby the brightness and color information of a plurality of rays emitted from one point of the subject in different directions can be acquired as the diffusion characteristic. it can.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus according to the present invention displays an image with a transmittance and a color corresponding to brightness and color information acquired as the diffusion characteristic of the subject by the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus. An apparatus for reproducing diffusion characteristics of an object, which reproduces the diffusion characteristics of the subject, wherein an opening array in which a plurality of openings are arranged two-dimensionally in order from the display surface side of the display element, and the display element A diffusion characteristic control optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements that control the direction of light that has passed are arranged two-dimensionally, the display element, and a light source unit that emits light from the opposite side of the display surface of the display element, Each aperture constituting the aperture array is arranged at a position where light emitted from the light source unit and passing through each optical element constituting the display element and the diffusion characteristic control optical element array is incident, And, Characterized in that it is arranged in serial diffusion properties control optical element on the focal plane of the individual optical elements constituting the array.

  According to such a configuration, in the diffusion characteristic reproduction device, an image is represented on the display element with transmittance and color corresponding to the brightness and color information acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquisition device, and light is emitted from the back side of the display element by the light source unit. Therefore, the display element emits a plurality of light beams that contribute to a certain point of the subject acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquisition device. In the diffusion characteristic reproducing device, a plurality of light beams emitted from the display element enter the diffusion characteristic control optical element array. In the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus, the individual openings constituting the aperture array are arranged at positions where light passing through the individual optical elements constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array is incident. At the position, a plurality of light beams intersect and overlap each other, but when passing through the aperture, they are separated into a plurality of light beams. As a result, in the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus, light that has passed through the display element, the optical element, and the aperture is emitted in a direction that reflects the diffusion characteristic of the subject surface. Therefore, when the brightness or color differs depending on the direction of the subject, the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus can display the subject with improved texture.

The present invention has the following effects.
Light rays emitted from one point of a subject or light rays produced by reflection of light applied to one point of a subject may have different brightness and color depending on the direction of the light rays. According to the apparatus, it is possible to acquire information on brightness and color that varies depending on the direction of the light beam. Further, according to the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to reproduce information on brightness and color that varies depending on the direction of the light beam on the subject from the information acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus.

It is a lineblock diagram showing typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically operation | movement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus which concerns on 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a lineblock diagram showing typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic reproduction device concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline of the apparatus which acquires the information of the object surface which concerns on a prior art. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline of the apparatus which reproduces | regenerates the information of the object surface based on a prior art.

[Diffusion characteristic acquisition device]
(First embodiment)
The diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the size, positional relationship, and the like of the members shown in each drawing may be exaggerated for clarity of explanation. The diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 is an apparatus that acquires information on the brightness and color of a plurality of light rays emitted from one point of a subject in different directions as diffusion characteristics. As shown in FIG. 1, the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 includes an objective lens 102, an aperture array 105, an optical element array 106, and an imaging element 103 in order from the subject 101 a and 101 b side.

Although the objective lens 102 is represented by one convex lens in FIG. 1, the objective lens 102 may be configured by a combination of a plurality of lenses.
The image sensor 103 receives light emitted from the individual optical elements constituting the optical element array 106. The image sensor 103 is composed of an element capable of capturing a moving image, such as a normal photographic film or a CCD image sensor. The image sensor 103 is disposed on the side opposite to the aperture array 105 with respect to the optical element array 106.

The optical element array 106 is configured by arranging a plurality of optical elements 106a in two dimensions. In FIG. 1, since the optical element array 106 is shown in a direction along the arrangement surface of the optical elements 106a, the plurality of optical elements 106a are shown in a straight line.
The individual optical elements 106 a constituting the optical element array 106 are arranged at positions where light passing through the individual openings 105 a constituting the aperture array 105 is incident.
The arrangement of the optical elements 106a is, for example, a square lattice (grid structure). The optical elements 106a may be arranged in a so-called line offset shape.
The outline of the optical element array 106 in plan view is, for example, a rectangle. The outline of the optical element array 106 in plan view may be another polygonal shape, a circular shape, or an elliptical shape.

  The optical element array 106 is disposed on the opposite side of the objective lens 102 with respect to the aperture array 105. The optical element array 106 is disposed at a position away from the aperture array 105 by a predetermined distance d1. Here, the predetermined distance d1 is assumed to be the same as the distance when the aperture array 105 is made to coincide with the focal plane of the optical element array 106 as an example. The optical element array 106 is disposed at a position separated from the image sensor 103 by a predetermined distance d2.

  In the present embodiment, as an example, each optical element 106a constituting the optical element array 106 is a convex lens. In the optical element array 106, the convex lenses are arranged in a dense state. In FIG. 1, ten convex lenses are illustrated, but the number of optical elements 106a is arbitrary.

  The opening array 105 is configured by providing an opening 105a made of, for example, a circular or rectangular hole in a plate-like member. The plate-like member is made of a material that does not transmit light from the subject. The plate-shaped member is preferably a plate that has a light reflectance of 0 on the surface, but the material is not particularly limited. The opening array 105 is configured by arranging a plurality of openings 105a in a two-dimensional manner. The arrangement method of the openings 105a is the same as the arrangement method of the individual optical elements constituting the optical element array 106. That is, if the optical elements 106a of the optical element array 106 are, for example, a square lattice array, the openings 105a of the aperture array 105 are also a square lattice array. In the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1, the centers of the individual apertures 105 a constituting the aperture array 105 are arranged on a straight line passing through the principal point of each optical element 106 a constituting the optical element array 106 and the principal point of the objective lens 102. It was decided that The aperture array 105 is disposed at a position where an image corresponding to the subject is formed by the objective lens 102. The distance between the aperture array 105 and the objective lens 102 at this time is X1.

Next, the operation of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
As an example, the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 captures a prism and a cylinder as a subject 101a and a subject 101b from a photographing direction 120 indicated by arrows. The aperture array 105 of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 is disposed at a position where the objective lens 102 forms an image 104a and an image 104b corresponding to the subject 101a and the subject 101b, respectively. As an example, it is assumed that the aperture array 105 is arranged so as to coincide with the focal plane of the optical element array 106.

Further, paying attention to a certain point 101a0 on the subject 101a, for example, three light beams 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 are emitted from this point 101a0.
Similarly, paying attention to a certain point 101b0 on the subject 101b, for example, three light beams 101b1, 101b2, and 101b3 are emitted from this point 101b0.
These light beams may be light beams emitted by the subject itself or light beams generated by reflection of light irradiated on the subject.

Here, for example, the three light beams 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 emitted from the point 101a0 may have different brightnesses and colors depending on the surface shape of the subject 101a. That is, it may have different brightness and color depending on the direction of the light beam.
These light rays 101 a 1, 101 a 2, and 101 a 3 travel so as to intersect at the point of the image 104 a by the action of the objective lens 102, pass through the openings 105 a that constitute the aperture array 105, and optical elements that constitute the optical element array 106 106a is reached.

  When the aperture array 105 is arranged so as to coincide with the focal plane of the optical element array 106, the light beams 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 that have passed through the optical element 106a constituting the optical element array 106 are different from each other on the imaging element 103. The images 104a1, 104a2, and 104a3 are recorded at the positions. Here, the image 104a1 is an image generated by the light beam 101a1 contributing to the image 104a, the image 104a2 is an image generated by the light beam 101a2 contributing to the image 104a, and the image 104a3 is generated by the light beam 101a3 contributing to the image 104a. It is an image to do.

  As described above, a light beam emitted from a certain point 101a0 on the subject 101a or a light beam generated by reflection of light applied to the point 101a0 may have different brightness and color depending on the direction of the light beam. This light diffusion characteristic could not be obtained by the camera C shown in FIG. According to the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, this diffusion characteristic can be acquired. In FIG. 1, the three light beams 101 a 1, 101 a 2, and 101 a 3 emitted from the point 101 a 0 are illustrated. However, in actuality, the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 has the number of pixels corresponding to the number of pixels constituting the image sensor 103. Light rays can be recorded and acquired by the image sensor 103.

(Second Embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the second embodiment includes the same components as the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 shown in FIG. 1, but the arrangement of the aperture array 105 and the optical element array 106 is different. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the spreading | diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

In the present embodiment, as an example, each optical element 106a constituting the optical element array 106 is a convex lens. Further, in the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B, the center of each opening 105a constituting the opening array 105 is arranged on the optical axis of each optical element 106a constituting the optical element array 106.
The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the present embodiment can acquire the diffusion characteristic similarly by the same operation as the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 according to the first embodiment.

  In the first and second embodiments, the case where the aperture array 105 is arranged to coincide with the focal plane of the optical element array 106 has been described. However, the aperture array 105 coincides with the focal plane of the optical element array 106. It is good also as a structure which is not.

(Third embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1C according to the third embodiment is different in that the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1C includes the same components as the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 and further includes a condensing lens array 106c. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the spreading | diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

The condensing lens array 106c is configured by arranging a plurality of lenses 106c1 two-dimensionally. In the condensing lens array 106c, convex lenses are arranged in a dense state. The arrangement of the lenses 106c1 is, for example, a line offset shape or a square lattice shape.
The condensing lens array 106 c is disposed between the optical element array 106 and the image sensor 103. The condensing lens array 106c is disposed at a position away from the image sensor 103 by a predetermined distance d3. Here, the predetermined distance d3 is assumed to be the same as the distance when the imaging element 103 is made to coincide with the focal plane of the condensing lens array 106c as an example.

  The lens 106 c 1 constituting the condensing lens array 106 c is smaller than the optical element 106 a constituting the optical element array 106. The condensing lens array 106 c includes a plurality of lenses 106 c 1 for one optical element 106 a constituting the optical element array 106. The number of lenses 106c1 constituting the condensing lens array 106c corresponding to the individual optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 is obtained by the desired optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106. It is set to the same number as the number of rays.

  In FIG. 3, as an example, a case where information of three light beams is acquired by each optical element 106 a configuring the optical element array 106 is illustrated, and thus one of the optical elements 106 a configuring the optical element array 106 is illustrated. In contrast, three lenses 106c1 are shown in the condensing lens array 106c. It is preferable that each lens 106 c 1 constituting the condensing lens array 106 c has the same diameter as the pixels constituting the image sensor 103. With this configuration, the diffusion characteristics of the subject can be acquired in more detail.

  Next, the operation of the condensing lens array 106c will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 3, as in FIG. 1, the light beams 101 a 1, 101 a 2, and 101 a 3 that have passed through the optical elements 106 a constituting the optical element array 106 are recorded as images 104 a 1, 104 a 2, and 104 a 3 at different positions on the image sensor 103, respectively. It shows how it works. For example, when attention is paid to the image 104a2, the image 104a2 is an image generated by the light beam 101a2 contributing to the image 104a. In FIG. 3, the light beam 101a2 is illustrated as one line, but in FIG. 4, the light beam 101a2 is illustrated in detail with attention.

  In FIG. 4, the light beam 101a2 is illustrated, and a predetermined spread area 101a21 associated with the single light beam is illustrated. The spread of light corresponding to this region 101a21 (in FIG. 3, one light beam 101a2) corresponds to the light incident on the entire region of one lens 106c1 constituting the condensing lens array 106c. That is, the light acquired by the pixels on the image sensor 103 as the image 104a2 is light corresponding to the region 101a21 in detail. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment can efficiently acquire the light that has passed through the optical element array 106 with the imaging element 103 by the action of the condensing lens array 106 c.

  In FIG. 4, the light ray 101a2 is illustrated among the light rays emitted from the point 101a0. However, the condensing lens array 106c provides the same action for other light rays emitted from other points.

  In the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1C according to the third embodiment, a condensing lens array 106c is provided between the optical element array 106 and the imaging element 103 in the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 according to the first embodiment. However, in the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the second embodiment, a condensing lens array 106c may be provided between the optical element array 106 and the imaging element 103.

(Fourth embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1D according to the fourth embodiment is different in that it includes the same components as the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B shown in FIG. 2 in the same arrangement, and further includes a light shielding plate 130. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the spreading | diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1B which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

The light-shielding plate 130 is preferably a plate that has a light reflectance of 0 on the surface, but the material is not particularly limited. For example, the light-shielding plate 130 is manufactured from a material that does not transmit light from the subject. Has been. As shown in FIG. 5, the light shielding plate 130 is disposed so as to connect the optical element array 106 and the image sensor 103.
The diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 </ b> D according to the present embodiment can prevent light leakage between the individual optical elements 106 a constituting the optical element array 106 by providing the light shielding plate 130.

  The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1D according to the fourth embodiment is provided with the light shielding plate 130 in the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the second embodiment, but the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 according to the first embodiment. A light shielding plate 130 may be provided.

  Further, in the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1C according to the third embodiment, the light shielding plate 130 may be provided so as to connect the condensing lens array 106c and the image sensor 103. By doing so, light leakage can be prevented between the individual lenses 106c1 constituting the condensing lens array 106c.

(Fifth embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 </ b> E according to the fifth embodiment includes an objective lens 102, an aperture array 105, an optical element array 107, and an imaging element 103. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the spreading | diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1B which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

In the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1E, each optical element constituting the optical element array 107 is a refractive index distribution lens 107e.
The refractive index distribution lens 107e is configured to have a nonuniform bending distribution such as a square characteristic from the periphery to the center in a cross section orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens, for example.
The refractive index distribution lens 107e is set such that the length L from the incident end face to the exit end face is such that parallel light is emitted from the exit end face when a point light source is disposed on the entrance end face.
In the optical element array 107, the gradient index lenses 107e are arranged in a dense state. The arrangement of the gradient index lenses 107e is, for example, a square lattice shape or a line offset shape.

  The aperture array 105 is disposed at a position where an image corresponding to the subject is formed by the objective lens 102, and is disposed on the incident end face of the optical element array 107. An aperture 105a is arranged in the aperture array 105 so as to coincide with the optical axis of the gradient index lens 107e. That is, the centers of the individual openings 105 a constituting the aperture array 105 are arranged on the optical axes of the individual refractive index distribution lenses 107 e constituting the optical element array 107.

The image sensor 103 is disposed on the opposite side of the aperture array 105 with respect to the optical element array 107, and is disposed on the emission end face of the optical element array 107.
In FIG. 6, in order to easily show the members obtained by joining the aperture array 105, the optical element array 107, and the image sensor 103 of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 </ b> E, one refractive index distribution lens 107 e and the corresponding aperture array 105 are shown. The unit element 105e and the corresponding unit element 103e of the image sensor 103 are shown in an exploded manner.

  In the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1E according to the present embodiment, for example, the light beams 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 emitted from a certain point 101a0 on the subject 101a travel so as to intersect at the point of the image 104a by the action of the objective lens 102, and the aperture The light passes through the aperture 105a constituting the array 105 and the refractive index distribution lens 107e constituting the optical element array 107. Light rays 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 that have passed through the gradient index lens 107e are recorded as images 104a1, 104a2, and 104a3 at different positions on the image sensor 103, respectively. As described above, the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1E can acquire the diffusion characteristic in the same manner by the same operation as the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

(Sixth embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1F according to the sixth embodiment is different in that the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1F includes the same components as the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1E illustrated in FIG. 6 and further includes a condensing lens array 107c. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the spreading | diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus 1E which concerns on 5th Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

The condensing lens array 107c is configured by arranging a plurality of lenses 107c1 two-dimensionally. In the condensing lens array 107c, convex lenses are arranged in a dense state. The arrangement of the lenses 107c1 is, for example, a line offset shape or a square lattice shape.
The condensing lens array 107 c is disposed between the optical element array 107 and the image sensor 103. More specifically, the condensing lens array 107c is disposed in the vicinity of the optical element array 107, and is disposed at a position separated from the image sensor 103 by a predetermined distance d4. Here, the predetermined distance d4 is assumed to be the same as the distance when the imaging element 103 is made to coincide with the focal plane of the condensing lens array 107c as an example.

  The number of lenses 107c1 constituting the condensing lens array 107c corresponding to each refractive index distribution lens 107e constituting the optical element array 107 is the same as the number of desired light beams to be obtained by the refractive index distribution lens 107e. Set to The individual lenses 107c1 constituting the condensing lens array 107c preferably have the same diameter as the pixels constituting the image sensor 103.

  In the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1F according to the present embodiment, the condensing lens array 107c operates in the same manner as the condensing lens array 106c described in FIG. Therefore, the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1F can efficiently acquire the light that has passed through the optical element array 107 by the imaging element 103 by the action of the condensing lens array 107c.

[Diffusion characteristic reproduction device]
(First embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus 2 according to the first embodiment is an apparatus that reproduces the diffusion characteristic of a subject using information on brightness and color acquired as the diffusion characteristic of the subject by the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 (or 1B to 1F). . As shown in FIG. 8, the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2 includes, in order from the display surface side of the display element 112, an aperture array 110, a diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111, a display element 112, a light source unit 20, It has.

  The display element 112 is an element that can express different transmittances and colors at individual positions on a plane. The display element 112 is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal panel. On the display element 112, an image of the subject is represented by a transmittance and a color corresponding to information on the brightness and color of the subject acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1.

  The light source unit 20 is a backlight that emits light from the opposite side (back side) of the display surface of the display element 112. The light source unit 20 is a planar light source, and includes a light source direction control optical element array 113 and a point light source array 114 in order to irradiate parallel light as an example.

  The light source direction control optical element array 113 is configured by two-dimensionally arranging a plurality of optical elements 113a for controlling the direction of light. In the present embodiment, as an example, each optical element 113a constituting the light source direction control optical element array 113 is a convex lens. Although ten convex lenses are illustrated in FIG. 8, the number of optical elements 113a is arbitrary.

  The arrangement method of the optical elements 113a constituting the light source direction control optical element array 113 is the same as the arrangement method of the individual optical elements 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. That is, if the optical elements 111a of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 are, for example, a square lattice array, the optical elements 113a of the light source direction control optical element array 113 are also a square lattice array.

  As shown in the figure, when the size of the optical element 113a of the light source direction control optical element array 113 is equal to the size of the optical element 111a of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111, the optical elements of the light source direction control optical element array 113 are used. 113a is arranged at a predetermined interval. On the other hand, when the optical elements 113a of the light source direction control optical element array 113 are arranged densely, the size of the optical elements 113a is made larger than the size of the optical element 111a.

  The point light source array 114 is disposed on the side opposite to the display element 112 with respect to the light source direction control optical element array 113. The point light source array 114 is configured by arranging the point light sources 114a in two dimensions. Examples of the point light source 114a include an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and various lamps. The point light source array 114 is arranged at a position away from the light source direction control optical element array 113 by a predetermined distance d5. Here, for example, the predetermined distance d5 is assumed to be the same as the distance when the individual point light sources 114a are aligned with the focal plane of the individual optical elements 113a constituting the light source direction control optical element array 113. In FIG. 8, ten point light sources are illustrated at predetermined intervals, but the number of point light sources 114a is arbitrary.

The diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 is disposed on the side opposite to the light source unit 20 with respect to the display element 112.
The diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 is configured by two-dimensionally arranging a plurality of optical elements 111 a that control the direction of light that has passed through the display element 112.
In the present embodiment, as an example, each optical element 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 is a convex lens. In the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111, the optical elements 111a are arranged in a dense state.
The arrangement of the optical elements 111a is, for example, a square lattice (grid structure). The optical elements 111a may be arranged in a so-called line offset pattern.
The outline of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 in plan view is, for example, a rectangle. The outline of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 in plan view may be other polygonal, circular, or elliptical shapes.

  The opening array 110 is configured by providing an opening 110a made of, for example, a circular or rectangular hole in a plate-like member. The opening array 110 is configured by arranging a plurality of openings 110a in two dimensions. The arrangement method of the openings 110 a is the same as the arrangement method of the individual optical elements 111 a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. That is, if the individual optical elements 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 are arranged in a square lattice, for example, the openings 110a of the opening array 110 are also arranged in a square lattice.

The aperture array 110 is disposed on the side opposite to the display element 112 with respect to the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. The aperture array 110 is disposed at a position separated from the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 by a predetermined distance d6. Here, for example, the predetermined distance d6 is the same as the distance when the individual apertures 110a constituting the aperture array 110 are aligned with the focal plane of the individual optical elements 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. Suppose that
The individual openings 110a constituting the opening array 110 are arranged at positions where light emitted from the light source unit 20 and passing through the individual optical elements 111a constituting the display element 112 and the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 is incident. ing.

Further, in the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus 2, as shown in FIG. 8, an arbitrary point light source 114a constituting the point light source array 114, a main point of the optical element 113a constituting the corresponding light source direction control optical element array 113, and The principal point of the optical element 111a constituting the corresponding diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 and the center of the opening 110a constituting the corresponding opening array 110 are arranged on a straight line.
Since the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus 2 is configured as described above, the light emitted from the individual point light sources 114a constituting the point light source array 114 is transmitted to the individual optical elements 113a constituting the light source direction control optical element array 113. After passing, it is converted into a nearly parallel beam. The parallel light beam (backlight light) is applied to the display element 112.

  For example, images 109a1, 109a2, and 109a3 are displayed on the display element 112. These images 109a1, 109a2, and 109a3 are expressed by transmittance and color corresponding to brightness and color information of the images 104a1, 104a2, and 104a3 recorded on the image sensor 103 of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 shown in FIG. . Note that the images 104 a 1, 104 a 2, and 104 a 3 are images generated by the three light beams 101 a 1, 101 a 2, and 101 a 3 that are emitted from the point 101 a 0 of the subject 101 a and contribute to the image 104 a at different positions on the image sensor 103 as described above. It is.

  Similarly, for example, images 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3 are displayed on the display element 112. These images 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3 are expressed by transmittance and color corresponding to the brightness and color information of the images 104b1, 104b2, and 104b3 recorded on the image sensor 103 of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 shown in FIG. . As shown in FIG. 1, the images 104b1, 104b2, and 104b3 have three light beams 101b1, 101b2, and 101b3 that are emitted from the point 101b0 of the subject 101b and contribute to the image 104b at different positions on the image sensor 103. It is an image to be generated.

  The parallel light rays (backlight light) applied to the display element 112 are subjected to transmittance and brightness modulation corresponding to the images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3, and then diffused. The light enters the control optical element array 111. Then, the light beam that has passed through the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 travels in a direction corresponding to each of the images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3, and passes through the aperture array 110.

When the viewer H observes the light passing through the aperture array 110 from the direction indicated by the arrow 121, different diffusion characteristics can be seen depending on the observation position. For example, information corresponding to the image 104a shown in FIG. 1 is reproduced at a point 109a in FIG. At this time, information on any one of the images 109a1, 109a2, and 109a3 is seen depending on the observation position. When this is associated with FIG. 1, the diffusion characteristic of the point 101a0 on the subject 101a is reproduced.
Similarly, information corresponding to the image 104b shown in FIG. 1 is reproduced at a point 109b in FIG. At this time, information on any one of the images 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3 is seen depending on the observation position. When this is associated with FIG. 1, the diffusion characteristic of the point 101b0 on the subject 101b is reproduced.
Therefore, according to the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus 2 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reproduce information on brightness and color that varies depending on the direction of light rays on the subject from the information acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1.

(Second Embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2B according to the second embodiment includes, in order from the display surface side of the display element 112, an aperture array 110, a diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111, a display element 112, And a light source unit 20B. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus 2 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

  Similar to the first embodiment, the aperture array 110 is disposed at a position away from the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 by a predetermined distance d6. Here, for example, the predetermined distance d6 is the same as the distance when the individual apertures 110a constituting the aperture array 110 are aligned with the focal plane of the individual optical elements 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. Suppose that

The light source unit 20B includes a diffused light source 115 to irradiate diffused light.
As the diffused light source 115, for example, a backlight of a general liquid crystal panel can be used. The backlight includes a backlight light source, a light guide plate, a diffusion plate, a light diffusion film, and the like. For example, an LED or a CCFL (cold cathode tube) is used as the backlight light source.

  In the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2B, as shown in FIG. 9, the principal points of the optical elements 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 and the centers of the openings 110a constituting the corresponding opening array 110 are arranged in a straight line. Has been.

  In the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus 2B, the light emitted from the diffusion light source 115 (backlight light) is applied to the display element 112 and is applied to the images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3 displayed on the display element 112. The light beam travels in various directions under the corresponding transmittance and brightness modulation. However, in the diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus 2B, the aperture array 110 is disposed on the focal plane of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111, and the correspondence with the main points of the optical elements 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 The centers of the apertures 110a constituting the aperture array 110 are arranged in a straight line, and their configurations are the same as those of the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, among the light beams traveling in various directions from the display element 112, the light beam traveling in the optical axis direction of the parallel light shown in FIG. 9 is caused by the convex lens (optical element 111 a) constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. Focused. And the light which passed this convex lens (optical element 111a) is radiate | emitted from the opening array 110 in the direction similar to the case of the diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus 2 which concerns on 1st Embodiment.

  That is, light rays traveling in various directions from the display element 112 enter the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. Then, the light beam that has passed through the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 travels in a direction corresponding to each of the images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3, and passes through the aperture array 110. Therefore, according to the diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus 2B, when the viewer H observes the light passing through the aperture array 110 from the direction indicated by the arrow 121, the diffusion characteristic varies depending on the observation position, as in the first embodiment. Can see.

(Third embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2C according to the third embodiment includes, in order from the display surface side of the display element 112, an aperture array 110, a diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117, a display element 112, And a light source unit 20C. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus 2B which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

In the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2C, each optical element constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117 is a refractive index distribution lens 117e.
The refractive index distribution lens 117e is configured to have a nonuniform bending distribution such as a square characteristic from the periphery toward the center in a cross section orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens, for example.
The refractive index distribution lens 117e is set so that the length from the incident end face to the outgoing end face is such that parallel light is emitted from the outgoing end face when a point light source is disposed on the incident end face.
In the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117, the refractive index distribution lenses 117e are arranged in a dense state. The arrangement of the gradient index lenses 117e is, for example, a square lattice shape or a line offset shape.

  The aperture array 110 is disposed on the emission end face of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117. In the aperture array 110, apertures 110a are arranged so as to coincide with the optical axis of the gradient index lens 117e. That is, the centers of the individual openings 110a constituting the aperture array 110 are arranged on the optical axes of the individual refractive index distribution lenses 117e constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117.

The display element 112 is disposed on the incident end face of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117.
Here, the light source unit 20C is assumed to be the diffused light source 115 as an example. The light source unit 20C may be a light source that emits parallel light.
In FIG. 10, in order to easily show a member in which the aperture array 110, the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117, and the display element 1112 of the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2 </ b> C are joined, one refractive index distribution lens 117 e is associated. The unit element 110e of the aperture array 110 and the corresponding unit element 112e of the display element 112 are shown in an exploded manner.

  Since the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2C is configured as described above, when the light emitted from the light source unit 20C is irradiated onto the display element 112, the transmittance and brightness corresponding to each image displayed on the display element 112. The light beam traveling in various directions under the modulation of the light enters the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117. Then, the light beam that has passed through the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117 travels in a direction corresponding to each of the images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3, and passes through the aperture array 110. Therefore, according to the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2C, as in the second embodiment, when the viewer H observes the light passing through the aperture array 110 from the direction indicated by the arrow 121, the diffusion characteristic varies depending on the observation position. Can see.

1, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F Diffusion characteristic acquisition device 2, 2B, 2C Diffusion characteristic reproduction device 20, 20B, 20C Light source 102 Objective lens 103 Imaging element 105 Aperture array 105a Aperture 106 Optical element array 106a Optical element 106c Collection Lens array for light 106c1 Lens 107 Optical element array 107e Gradient index lens 107c Condensing lens array 107c1 Lens 110 Aperture array 111 Diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111a Optical element 112 Display element 113 Light source direction control optical element array 113a Optical element 114 Point light source array 114a Point light source 115 Diffusion light source 117 Diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117e Refractive index distribution lens 130 Light shielding plate

Claims (10)

A diffusion characteristic acquisition device that acquires brightness and color information of a plurality of rays emitted from one point of a subject in different directions as diffusion characteristics,
From the subject side,
An objective lens;
An aperture array in which a plurality of apertures are arranged two-dimensionally;
An optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements are arranged two-dimensionally;
An image sensor,
The individual optical elements constituting the optical element array are arranged at positions where light passing through the individual openings constituting the aperture array is incident,
The apparatus for obtaining diffusion characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the aperture array is arranged at a position where an optical image of a subject is generated by the objective lens. Each optical element constituting the optical element array is a convex lens,
The optical element array and the aperture array are spaced apart by a predetermined distance,
The diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging element and the optical element array are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. Each optical element constituting the optical element array is a refractive index distribution lens, and the refractive index distribution lens is parallel to the length from the incident end face to the outgoing end face when a point light source is arranged on the incident end face. The length is set so that light exits from the exit end face,
The aperture array is disposed on an incident end face of the optical element array;
The diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging element is disposed on an emission end face of the optical element array.   4. The center of each aperture constituting the aperture array is arranged on an optical axis of each optical element constituting the optical element array. 5. The diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus described in 1.   The centers of the individual apertures constituting the aperture array are arranged on a straight line passing through the principal points of the individual optical elements constituting the optical element array and the principal points of the objective lens. The diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. A condensing lens array comprising a plurality of lenses is provided between the optical element array and the imaging element,
The lens is smaller than the optical element constituting the optical element array, and the condensing lens array includes a plurality of lenses for one optical element constituting the optical element array. The diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: 7. A display element for displaying an image with transmittance and color corresponding to information on brightness and color acquired as diffusion characteristics of a subject by the diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to claim 1. A diffusion characteristic reproduction device that reproduces the diffusion characteristic of the subject,
In order from the display surface side of the display element,
An aperture array in which a plurality of apertures are arranged two-dimensionally;
A diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements for controlling the direction of light passing through the display element are arranged in a two-dimensional manner;
The display element;
A light source unit that emits light from the opposite side of the display surface of the display element,
The individual apertures constituting the aperture array are arranged at positions where light emitted from the light source unit and passing through the individual optical elements constituting the display element and the diffusion characteristic control optical element array is incident, and A diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus, wherein the diffusion characteristic control optical element array is arranged on a focal plane of individual optical elements. The light source unit is
In order from the display surface side of the display element,
A light source direction control optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements that control the direction of light that has passed through the display element are two-dimensionally arranged;
A point light source array in which a plurality of point light sources are arranged two-dimensionally,
The individual point light sources constituting the point light source array are respectively disposed on the focal plane of the individual optical elements constituting the light source direction control optical element array,
The point light source, the principal point of the optical element constituting the corresponding light source direction control optical element array, the principal point of the optical element constituting the corresponding optical element array, and the opening constituting the corresponding aperture array The diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the center is arranged in a straight line. The light source unit is composed of a planar diffused light source,
8. The diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the principal points of the optical elements constituting the optical element array and the centers of the corresponding openings constituting the aperture array are arranged on a straight line. Each optical element constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array is a refractive index distribution lens, and the refractive index distribution lens has a length from an incident end face to an output end face, and a point light source is disposed on the incident end face. Is set to such a length that parallel light is emitted from the emission end face in the case of
The aperture array is disposed on an emission end face of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array,
10. The diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the display element is disposed on an incident end face of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array. 11.

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