JP6641138B2 - Diffusion characteristics acquisition device and diffusion characteristics reproduction device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a diffusion characteristic acquisition device and a diffusion characteristic reproduction device that acquire and reproduce light diffusion characteristics of an object surface.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been known a technology for improving a texture such as glitter by giving a glossy film to a printed image and forming an image based on image data captured by an imaging device such as a digital camera. (See Patent Document 1). However, this technique is a printing technique, and for example, a method of reproducing a texture such as a glitter of a jewel or a glossy object on a display or a method of optically acquiring information for the purpose has not been known. .

JP 2010-179573 A

  Conventional cameras and displays are known as techniques for acquiring and reproducing luminance and color information on an object surface. The problems of these ordinary cameras and displays will be described with reference to FIGS. It is assumed that the camera C illustrated in FIG. 11 captures, as an example, a prism and a cylinder as the subject 301a and the subject 301b. The camera C includes a camera lens 302 and an image sensor 303. Although the camera lens 302 is represented by one convex lens, it may be configured by a combination of a plurality of lenses. The imaging device 303 is configured by a device capable of capturing a moving image such as a normal photographic film or a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) imaging device. When a subject is photographed by the camera C in the direction indicated by the arrow 320, images 304a and 304b corresponding to the subjects 301a and 301b are formed on the image sensor 303, respectively. The distance between the image sensor 303 and the camera lens 302 at this time is defined as X1.

  Here, focusing on a certain point 301a0 on the subject 301a, it is assumed that, for example, three rays 301a1, 301a2, and 301a3 are emitted from this point 301a0. These rays may be rays emitted by the subject itself, or rays generated by reflection of light applied to the subject. The three light beams 301a1, 301a2, and 301a3 are collected by the camera lens 302, and an image 304a0 corresponding to the point 301a0 on the subject 301a is generated on the image sensor 303. Here, the three light beams 301a1, 301a2, and 301a3 emitted from the point 301a0 may have different brightness and color depending on the surface shape of the subject 301, for example. However, when the image sensor 303 acquires the image 304a0, there is a problem in that the image 304a0 is acquired in a state where the brightness and the color are combined.

  Similarly, focusing on a certain point 301b0 on the subject 301b, for example, three rays 301b1, 301b2, and 301b3 are emitted from this point 301b0. The three light beams 301b1, 301b2, and 301b3 are collected by the camera lens 302, and an image 304b0 corresponding to the point 301b0 on the subject 301b is generated on the image sensor 303.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a display D including the display element 412. The display element 412 is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal panel or the like. The display element 412 displays images 404a and 404b corresponding to the images 304a and 304b captured by the camera C illustrated in FIG. When the viewer H observes the display element 412 in the direction indicated by the arrow 421, the image 404a of the prism and the image 404b of the cylinder can be observed.

  Here, it is assumed that the images 404a and 404b and the points 404a0 and 404b0 constituting the image are the same as the brightness and color information acquired by the image sensor 303 in FIG. 11, respectively. Therefore, although the point 404a0 corresponds to the point 301a0 on the subject 301a, there is a problem that the same brightness and color are observed from the point 404a0 on the display regardless of the viewing direction. Similarly, the point 404b0 corresponds to the point 301b0 on the subject 301b, but there is a problem that the same brightness and color are observed from the point 404b0 on the display regardless of the viewing direction.

  As described above, a light beam emitted from one point of a subject or a light beam generated by reflection of light applied to one point of a subject may have different brightness or color depending on, for example, the direction of the light beam. Hereinafter, such brightness and color characteristics that differ depending on the direction of light rays from one point of the subject will be referred to as diffusion characteristics of the subject.

A real object, for example, a glossy object, has a glittering area that varies depending on the position seen by a person who observes the object. Usually, a two-dimensional image acquired by the camera lens 302 is located in a glossy place in any direction. Does not change, and the texture such as glitter decreases. Therefore, the camera C shown in FIG. 11 cannot acquire the diffusion characteristics of the subject, and as a result, the display D shown in FIG. 12 cannot reproduce the diffusion characteristics of the subject.
As described above, when the brightness and color of a real object are different depending on the direction, a method of reproducing the state of the object on a display and a method of optically acquiring information of the object necessary for reproduction are Previously unknown.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has an object to provide a diffusion characteristic acquisition device and a diffusion characteristic reproduction device that can acquire and reproduce light diffusion characteristics of an object surface. I do.

In order to solve the above problem, a diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to the present invention is a diffusion characteristic acquisition device that acquires information on brightness and color of a plurality of light beams emitted in different directions from one point of a subject as diffusion characteristics, In order from the side of the subject, an objective lens, an aperture array in which a plurality of apertures are two-dimensionally arranged, an optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements are two-dimensionally arranged, and an imaging element, the optical element comprising: individual optical elements constituting the array, the light passing through the individual openings forming the opening array is arranged in a position incident to a position where the front Symbol objective lens real image of the object is generated, the aperture array wherein the but are arranged.

  According to such a configuration, in the diffusion characteristic acquisition device, since the aperture array is arranged at a position where the optical image of the subject is generated by the objective lens, a plurality of optical images generated that contribute to one point of the subject are provided. Are intersected and overlap at the position of the aperture in the aperture array, but are separated into a plurality of rays when passing through the aperture. In the diffusion characteristic acquisition device, since the individual optical elements constituting the optical element array are arranged at positions where light passing through the individual apertures constituting the aperture array is incident, an optical image generated A plurality of light beams contributing to a certain point are incident on individual optical elements. Then, the optical element emits the plurality of light beams contributing to this one point in a separated state. Then, in the diffusion characteristic acquisition device, the light emitted from the optical element array is received by the imaging element, so that information on the brightness and color of a plurality of light beams emitted in different directions from one point of the subject can be acquired as the diffusion characteristic. it can.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus for displaying an image with a transmittance and a color corresponding to brightness and color information acquired as a diffusion characteristic of a subject by a diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus. A diffusion characteristic reproduction device that has an element and reproduces the diffusion characteristic of the subject, comprising: an opening array in which a plurality of openings are two-dimensionally arranged in order from the display surface side of the display element; and A diffusion characteristic control optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements for controlling the direction of the transmitted light are two-dimensionally arranged, the display element, and a light source unit that emits light from the opposite side of the display surface of the display element, The individual apertures constituting the aperture array are arranged at positions where light emitted from the light source unit and passing through the respective optical elements constituting the display element and the diffusion characteristic control optical element array is incident, And, Characterized in that it is arranged in serial diffusion properties control optical element on the focal plane of the individual optical elements constituting the array.

  According to such a configuration, in the diffusion characteristic reproducing device, an image is expressed on the display element with a transmittance or a color corresponding to the brightness or color information acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquiring device, and the light source unit emits light from the back side of the display element. Is emitted, the display element emits a plurality of light beams that contribute to a certain point of the subject acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquisition device. Then, in the diffusion characteristic reproducing device, a plurality of light rays emitted from the display element enter the diffusion characteristic control optical element array. In the diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus, the individual apertures constituting the aperture array are arranged at positions where light passing through the individual optical elements constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array is incident. At the position, a plurality of light beams intersect and overlap, but when passing through the aperture, they are separated into a plurality of light beams. As a result, in the diffusion characteristic reproducing device, the light that has passed through the display element, the optical element, and the opening is emitted in a direction that reflects the diffusion characteristic of the subject surface. Therefore, when the brightness or the color of the subject differs depending on the direction, the diffusion characteristic reproducing device can display the subject with an improved texture.

The present invention has the following effects.
A light ray emitted from one point of the subject or a light ray generated by reflection of light applied to one point of the subject may have different brightness and color depending on the direction of the light ray. According to the device, it is possible to acquire information on brightness and color that differ depending on the direction of the light beam. Further, according to the diffusion characteristic reproducing device according to the present invention, it is possible to reproduce information of brightness and color that differ depending on the direction of the light beam in the subject from the information acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquiring device.

It is a lineblock diagram showing the outline of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention typically. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline | summary of the diffusion characteristic acquisition apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a lineblock diagram showing typically the outline of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention. It is an explanatory view showing typically operation of a diffusion characteristics acquisition device concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention. It is a lineblock diagram showing the outline of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device concerning a 4th embodiment of the present invention typically. It is a lineblock diagram showing the outline of the diffusion characteristics acquisition device concerning a 5th embodiment of the present invention typically. FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram schematically illustrating an outline of a diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram schematically illustrating an outline of a diffusion characteristic reproduction device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline | summary of the diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows typically the outline | summary of the diffusion characteristic reproduction apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram schematically illustrating an outline of an apparatus for acquiring information on an object surface according to a conventional technique. FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an outline of an apparatus for reproducing information on an object surface according to a conventional technique.

[Diffusion characteristics acquisition device]
(1st Embodiment)
A diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the size, positional relationship, and the like of the members illustrated in each drawing may be exaggerated for clarity of description. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 is a device that acquires, as diffusion characteristics, information on the brightness and color of a plurality of light beams emitted from one point of a subject in different directions. As shown in FIG. 1, the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1 includes an objective lens 102, an aperture array 105, an optical element array 106, and an image sensor 103 in this order from the subjects 101a and 101b.

In FIG. 1, the objective lens 102 is represented by one convex lens, but the objective lens 102 may be configured by a combination of a plurality of lenses.
The imaging element 103 receives light emitted from each optical element constituting the optical element array 106. The imaging device 103 is configured by a device capable of capturing a moving image, such as a normal photographic film or a CCD imaging device. The image sensor 103 is arranged on the opposite side of the optical element array 106 from the aperture array 105.

The optical element array 106 is configured by arranging a plurality of optical elements 106a two-dimensionally. In FIG. 1, since the optical element array 106 is shown in a direction along the arrangement surface of the optical elements 106a, the plurality of optical elements 106a are shown in a straight line.
The individual optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 are arranged at positions where light passing through the individual openings 105a constituting the aperture array 105 is incident.
The arrangement of the optical elements 106a is, for example, a square lattice (grid structure). In addition, the arrangement of the optical elements 106a may be arranged in a bale stack shape, that is, a line offset shape.
The outline of the optical element array 106 in a plan view is, for example, a rectangle. The outline of the optical element array 106 in a plan view may be another polygon, a circle, or an ellipse.

  The optical element array 106 is arranged on the side opposite to the objective lens 102 with respect to the aperture array 105. The optical element array 106 is arranged at a position separated from the aperture array 105 by a predetermined distance d1. Here, the predetermined distance d1 is, for example, the same as the distance when the aperture array 105 is aligned with the focal plane of the optical element array 106. The optical element array 106 is arranged at a position separated from the image sensor 103 by a predetermined distance d2.

  In the present embodiment, as an example, each of the optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 is a convex lens. In the optical element array 106, convex lenses are densely arranged. FIG. 1 shows ten convex lenses, but the number of optical elements 106a is arbitrary.

  The aperture array 105 is configured by providing an aperture 105a made of, for example, a circular or rectangular hole in a plate-shaped member. The plate-like member is made of a material that does not transmit light from the subject. The plate-shaped member is preferably a plate having a light reflectance of 0 on its surface, but the material is not particularly limited. The aperture array 105 is configured by arranging a plurality of apertures 105a two-dimensionally. The method of arranging the openings 105a is the same as the method of arranging the individual optical elements constituting the optical element array 106. That is, if the optical elements 106a of the optical element array 106 are arranged in, for example, a square lattice, the openings 105a of the aperture array 105 are also arranged in a square lattice. In the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1, the centers of the individual apertures 105a constituting the aperture array 105 are arranged on a straight line passing through the principal points of the individual optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 and the principal points of the objective lens 102. It has been done. The aperture array 105 is arranged at a position where an image corresponding to a subject is formed by the objective lens 102. The distance between the aperture array 105 and the objective lens 102 at this time is X1.

Next, the operation of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
As an example, the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1 captures a prism and a cylinder as a subject 101a and a subject 101b from a shooting direction 120 indicated by an arrow. The aperture array 105 of the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1 is arranged at a position where the objective lens 102 forms the images 104a and 104b corresponding to the subject 101a and the subject 101b, respectively. Also, as an example, it is assumed that the aperture array 105 is arranged so as to coincide with the focal plane of the optical element array 106.

Focusing on a certain point 101a0 on the subject 101a, for example, three rays 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 are emitted from this point 101a0.
Similarly, focusing on a certain point 101b0 on the subject 101b, it is assumed that, for example, three rays 101b1, 101b2, and 101b3 are emitted from this point 101b0.
These rays may be rays emitted by the subject itself, or rays generated by reflection of light applied to the subject.

Here, for example, the three light beams 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 emitted from the point 101a0 may have different brightness and color depending on the surface shape of the subject 101a. That is, there is a possibility of having different brightness and color depending on the direction of the light beam.
The light rays 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 travel so as to intersect at the point of the image 104a by the action of the objective lens 102, pass through an opening 105a forming an aperture array 105, and form an optical element forming an optical element array 106. Reach 106a.

  When the aperture array 105 is arranged so as to coincide with the focal plane of the optical element array 106, the light beams 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 that have passed through the optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 are different from each other on the image sensor 103. At the position, the images are recorded as images 104a1, 104a2, and 104a3. Here, the image 104a1 is an image generated by the light beam 101a1 contributing to the image 104a, the image 104a2 is an image generated by the light beam 101a2 contributing to the image 104a, and the image 104a3 is an image generated by the light beam 101a3 contributing to the image 104a. Image.

  As described above, a light ray emitted from a certain point 101a0 on the subject 101a, or a light ray generated by reflecting light applied to the point 101a0 may have different brightness and color depending on the direction of the light ray, This light diffusion characteristic could not be obtained by the camera C described in FIG. According to the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to acquire this diffusion characteristic. In FIG. 1, three light beams 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 emitted from the point 101a0 are illustrated. However, in actuality, the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 has a number of light beams corresponding to the number of pixels constituting the image sensor 103. Light rays can be recorded and acquired by the image sensor 103.

(2nd Embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the second embodiment includes the same components as the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 shown in FIG. 1, but differs in the arrangement of the aperture array 105 and the optical element array 106. The same components as those of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

In the present embodiment, as an example, each of the optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 is a convex lens. In addition, in the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B, the center of each opening 105a forming the aperture array 105 is arranged on the optical axis of each optical element 106a forming the optical element array 106.
The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the present embodiment can acquire the diffusion characteristic similarly by the same operation as the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 according to the first embodiment.

  In the first and second embodiments, the case where the aperture array 105 is arranged so as to coincide with the focal plane of the optical element array 106 has been described, but the aperture array 105 coincides with the focal plane of the optical element array 106. It is good also as composition which does not have.

(Third embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1C according to the third embodiment is different from the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 shown in FIG. 1 in that the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1C includes the same components as the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 shown in FIG. The same components as those of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

The condensing lens array 106c is configured by arranging a plurality of lenses 106c1 two-dimensionally. In the condensing lens array 106c, the convex lenses are arranged in a dense state. The arrangement of the lenses 106c1 is, for example, a line offset shape or a square lattice shape.
The converging lens array 106c is arranged between the optical element array 106 and the image sensor 103. The condenser lens array 106c is arranged at a position separated from the image sensor 103 by a predetermined distance d3. Here, the predetermined distance d3 is, for example, the same as the distance when the image sensor 103 is made to coincide with the focal plane of the converging lens array 106c.

  The lens 106c1 that forms the condensing lens array 106c is smaller than the optical element 106a that forms the optical element array 106. The condensing lens array 106c includes a plurality of lenses 106c1 for one optical element 106a constituting the optical element array 106. The number of lenses 106c1 constituting the condensing lens array 106c corresponding to the individual optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 is determined by the desired number of the optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106. It is set to the same number as the number of rays.

  FIG. 3 illustrates, as an example, a case in which information of three light beams is acquired by each of the optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106. Therefore, one of the optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 is illustrated. On the other hand, three lenses 106c1 are illustrated in the condensing lens array 106c. It is preferable that each lens 106c1 constituting the condensing lens array 106c has a diameter substantially equal to that of a pixel constituting the image sensor 103. With this configuration, it is possible to acquire the diffusion characteristics of the subject in more detail.

  Next, the operation of the condensing lens array 106c will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 3, similarly to FIG. 1, light rays 101 a 1, 101 a 2, and 101 a 3 that have passed through the optical element 106 a constituting the optical element array 106 are recorded as images 104 a 1, 104 a 2, and 104 a 3 at different positions on the image sensor 103 respectively. It shows the appearance that it is. When attention is paid to, for example, the image 104a2, the image 104a2 is an image generated by the light beam 101a2 contributing to the image 104a. In FIG. 3, the light beam 101a2 is illustrated as one line, but in FIG. 4, the light beam 101a2 is illustrated in detail by focusing on the light beam 101a2.

  FIG. 4 illustrates the light beam 101a2 and a predetermined spread area 101a21 associated with the single light beam. The spread of the light corresponding to this area 101a21 (one light ray 101a2 in FIG. 3) corresponds to the light incident on the entire area of one lens 106c1 constituting the condensing lens array 106c. That is, the light acquired by the pixels on the image sensor 103 as the image 104a2 is, in detail, light corresponding to the region 101a21. The diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1C according to the present embodiment can efficiently acquire the light that has passed through the optical element array 106 by the image sensor 103 by the action of the converging lens array 106c.

  Although FIG. 4 illustrates the light ray 101a2 among the light rays emitted from the point 101a0, the condensing lens array 106c provides the same effect for other light rays emitted from another point.

  In the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1C according to the third embodiment, a light collecting lens array 106c is provided between the optical element array 106 and the imaging device 103 in the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 according to the first embodiment. However, in the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the second embodiment, a condensing lens array 106c may be provided between the optical element array 106 and the image sensor 103.

(Fourth embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The diffusion characteristic acquiring device 1D according to the fourth embodiment is different from the diffusion characteristic acquiring device 1B shown in FIG. The same components as those of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

The light-shielding plate 130 is preferably a plate having a light reflectance of 0 on its surface, but the material is not particularly limited. For example, the light-shielding plate 130 is made of a material that does not transmit light from the subject. Have been. The light shielding plate 130 is arranged so as to connect the optical element array 106 and the image sensor 103, as shown in FIG.
The diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1D according to the present embodiment can prevent light leakage between the individual optical elements 106a constituting the optical element array 106 by providing the light shielding plate 130.

  In the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1D according to the fourth embodiment, the light shielding plate 130 is provided in the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the second embodiment, but the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 according to the first embodiment is set. , A light shielding plate 130 may be provided.

  Further, in the arrangement of the diffusion characteristic acquiring device 1C according to the third embodiment, a light shielding plate 130 may be provided so as to connect the light-collecting lens array 106c and the image sensor 103. By doing so, it is possible to prevent light from leaking between the individual lenses 106c1 constituting the condensing lens array 106c.

(Fifth embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1E according to the fifth embodiment includes an objective lens 102, an aperture array 105, an optical element array 107, and an image sensor 103. The same components as those of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1B according to the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

In the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1E, each optical element constituting the optical element array 107 is a refractive index distribution lens 107e.
The refractive index distribution lens 107e is configured to have a non-uniform bending distribution such as a square characteristic from the periphery to the center in a cross section orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens, for example.
The length L of the refractive index distribution lens 107e from the incident end face to the emission end face is set such that parallel light is emitted from the emission end face when a point light source is disposed on the incidence end face.
In the optical element array 107, the refractive index distribution lenses 107e are arranged in a dense state. The arrangement of the refractive index distribution lenses 107e is, for example, a square lattice shape or a line offset shape.

  The aperture array 105 is arranged at a position where an image corresponding to a subject is formed by the objective lens 102, and is arranged on the incident end face of the optical element array 107. In the aperture array 105, apertures 105a are arranged so as to coincide with the optical axis of the gradient index lens 107e. That is, the centers of the individual apertures 105a constituting the aperture array 105 are arranged on the optical axes of the individual refractive index distribution lenses 107e constituting the optical element array 107.

The imaging element 103 is arranged on the opposite side of the aperture array 105 with respect to the optical element array 107, and is arranged on the emission end face of the optical element array 107.
In FIG. 6, one index distribution lens 107e and a corresponding aperture array 105 are shown in order to clearly show a member in which the aperture array 105, the optical element array 107, and the image sensor 103 of the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1E are joined. And the unit element 103e of the corresponding image sensor 103 are shown in an exploded manner.

  In the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1E according to the present embodiment, for example, the rays 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 emitted from a certain point 101a0 on the subject 101a advance so as to intersect at the point of the image 104a by the action of the objective lens 102, and The light passes through an aperture 105a forming the array 105 and a gradient index lens 107e forming the optical element array 107. Light beams 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 that have passed through the refractive index distribution lens 107e are recorded as images 104a1, 104a2, and 104a3 at different positions on the image sensor 103, respectively. As described above, the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1E can acquire the diffusion characteristic similarly by the same operation as the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

(Sixth embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1F according to the sixth embodiment is different from the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1E shown in FIG. The same components as those of the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1E according to the fifth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

The condenser lens array 107c is configured by arranging a plurality of lenses 107c1 two-dimensionally. In the condenser lens array 107c, the convex lenses are arranged in a dense state. The arrangement of the lenses 107c1 is, for example, a line offset shape or a square lattice shape.
The condenser lens array 107c is arranged between the optical element array 107 and the image sensor 103. More specifically, the condensing lens array 107c is arranged close to the optical element array 107, and is arranged at a position separated from the image sensor 103 by a predetermined distance d4. Here, the predetermined distance d4 is, for example, the same as the distance when the image sensor 103 is made to coincide with the focal plane of the converging lens array 107c.

  The number of lenses 107c1 constituting the condensing lens array 107c corresponding to each of the gradient index lenses 107e constituting the optical element array 107 is the same as the number of desired light beams to be acquired by the gradient index lens 107e. Is set to It is preferable that each lens 107c1 constituting the condensing lens array 107c has a diameter substantially equal to that of a pixel constituting the image sensor 103.

  In the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1F according to the present embodiment, the converging lens array 107c operates in the same manner as the converging lens array 106c illustrated in FIG. Therefore, the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1F can efficiently acquire the light that has passed through the optical element array 107 by the imaging element 103 by the action of the converging lens array 107c.

[Diffusion characteristic reproduction device]
(1st Embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic reproducing device according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2 according to the first embodiment is a device that reproduces the diffusion characteristics of a subject using the brightness and color information acquired as the diffusion characteristics of the subject by the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 (or 1B to 1F). . As shown in FIG. 8, the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2 includes, in order from the display surface side of the display element 112, an aperture array 110, a diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111, a display element 112, a light source unit 20, It has.

  The display element 112 is an element capable of expressing different transmittances and colors at individual positions on a plane. The display element 112 is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal panel or the like. On the display element 112, an image of the subject is expressed by a transmittance or a color corresponding to the brightness or color information of the subject acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquiring device 1.

  The light source unit 20 is a backlight that emits light from the opposite side (back side) of the display surface of the display element 112. The light source unit 20 is a planar light source, and here includes, for example, a light source direction control optical element array 113 and a point light source array 114 for irradiating parallel light.

  The light source direction control optical element array 113 is configured by arranging a plurality of optical elements 113a for controlling the direction of light in a two-dimensional manner. In the present embodiment, as an example, each of the optical elements 113a constituting the light source direction control optical element array 113 is a convex lens. FIG. 8 shows ten convex lenses, but the number of optical elements 113a is arbitrary.

  The arrangement method of the optical elements 113a constituting the light source direction control optical element array 113 is the same as the arrangement method of the individual optical elements 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. That is, if the optical elements 111a of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 are arranged in a square lattice, for example, the optical elements 113a of the light source direction control optical element array 113 are also arranged in a square lattice.

  As shown, when the size of the optical element 113a of the light source direction control optical element array 113 and the size of the optical element 111a of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 are made equal, the optical element of the light source direction control optical element array 113 is used. 113a is arranged at a predetermined interval. On the other hand, when the optical elements 113a of the light source direction control optical element array 113 are densely arranged, the size of the optical element 113a is made larger than the size of the optical element 111a.

  The point light source array 114 is disposed on the opposite side of the light source direction control optical element array 113 from the display element 112. The point light source array 114 is configured by arranging point light sources 114a two-dimensionally. Examples of the point light source 114a include an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and various lamps. The point light source array 114 is disposed at a position separated from the light source direction control optical element array 113 by a predetermined distance d5. Here, the predetermined distance d5 is, for example, the same as the distance when each point light source 114a is matched with the focal plane of each optical element 113a constituting the light source direction control optical element array 113. In FIG. 8, ten point light sources are illustrated at predetermined intervals, but the number of point light sources 114a is arbitrary.

The diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array 111 is disposed on the opposite side of the light source unit 20 with respect to the display element 112.
The diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 is configured by two-dimensionally arranging a plurality of optical elements 111a for controlling the direction of light passing through the display element 112.
In the present embodiment, as an example, each of the optical elements 111a included in the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 is a convex lens. In the diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array 111, the optical elements 111a are arranged in a dense state.
The arrangement of the optical elements 111a is, for example, a square lattice (grid structure). In addition, the arrangement of the optical elements 111a may be arranged in a so-called line offset manner in a bale stack.
The outline of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 in a plan view is, for example, a rectangle. The outline of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 in a plan view may be another polygon, a circle, or an ellipse.

  The aperture array 110 is configured by providing a plate-shaped member with an aperture 110a formed of, for example, a circular or rectangular hole. The aperture array 110 is configured by arranging a plurality of apertures 110a two-dimensionally. The method of arranging the openings 110a is the same as the method of arranging the individual optical elements 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array 111. That is, if the individual optical elements 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array 111 are arranged in a square lattice, for example, the openings 110a of the aperture array 110 are also arranged in a square lattice.

The aperture array 110 is arranged on the side opposite to the display element 112 with respect to the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. The aperture array 110 is arranged at a position separated from the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 by a predetermined distance d6. Here, the predetermined distance d6 is, for example, the same as the distance when the individual apertures 110a of the aperture array 110 are matched with the focal plane of the individual optical elements 111a of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. It is assumed that
The individual apertures 110a constituting the aperture array 110 are arranged at positions where light emitted from the light source unit 20 and passing through the respective optical elements 111a constituting the display element 112 and the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 enters. ing.

Further, in the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2, as shown in FIG. 8, an arbitrary point light source 114a constituting the point light source array 114, a main point of the optical element 113a constituting the corresponding light source direction control optical element array 113, and The main point of the optical element 111a forming the corresponding diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array 111 and the center of the opening 110a forming the corresponding opening array 110 are arranged on a straight line.
Since the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2 is configured as described above, the light emitted from each of the point light sources 114a constituting the point light source array 114 emits the individual optical elements 113a constituting the light source direction control optical element array 113. After passing through, they are converted into nearly parallel rays. Then, the parallel light beam (light of the backlight) is applied to the display element 112.

  For example, images 109a1, 109a2, and 109a3 are displayed on the display element 112. These images 109a1, 109a2, and 109a3 are represented by transmittances and colors corresponding to the brightness and color information of the images 104a1, 104a2, and 104a3 recorded on the image sensor 103 of the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1 shown in FIG. . As described above, the images 104a1, 104a2, and 104a3 are images generated by the three light beams 101a1, 101a2, and 101a3 emitted from the point 101a0 of the subject 101a and contributing to the image 104a at different positions on the image sensor 103. It is.

  Similarly, for example, images 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3 are displayed on the display element 112. These images 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3 are expressed by transmittances and colors corresponding to the brightness and color information of the images 104b1, 104b2, and 104b3 recorded on the image sensor 103 of the diffusion characteristic acquiring apparatus 1 shown in FIG. . As shown in FIG. 1, the three light beams 101b1, 101b2, and 101b3 emitted from the point 101b0 of the subject 101b and contributing to the image 104b are located at different positions on the image sensor 103, as shown in FIG. It is an image to be generated.

  The parallel light rays (light from the backlight) irradiated on the display element 112 undergo modulation of transmittance and brightness corresponding to the images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3, and then have a diffusion characteristic. The light enters the control optical element array 111. Then, the light beams that have passed through the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 travel in the directions corresponding to the images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3, and pass through the aperture array 110.

When the viewer H observes the light passing through the aperture array 110 from the direction indicated by the arrow 121, different diffusion characteristics can be seen according to the observation position. For example, at a point 109a in FIG. 8, information corresponding to the image 104a shown in FIG. 1 is reproduced. At this time, depending on the observation position, one of the images 109a1, 109a2, and 109a3 is viewed. This means that the diffusion characteristic of the point 101a0 on the subject 101a is reproduced in association with FIG.
Similarly, at point 109b in FIG. 8, information corresponding to image 104b shown in FIG. 1 is reproduced. At this time, depending on the observation position, one of the images 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3 is viewed. This means that the diffusion characteristic of the point 101b0 on the subject 101b is reproduced in association with FIG.
Therefore, according to the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reproduce information of brightness and color that differ depending on the direction of the light beam in the subject from the information acquired by the diffusion characteristic acquisition device 1.

(2nd Embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic reproducing device according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2B according to the second embodiment includes, in order from the display surface side of the display element 112, an aperture array 110, a diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111, a display element 112, And a light source unit 20B. The same components as those of the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

  The aperture array 110 is arranged at a position separated from the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 by a predetermined distance d6, as in the first embodiment. Here, the predetermined distance d6 is, for example, the same as the distance when the individual apertures 110a of the aperture array 110 are matched with the focal plane of the individual optical elements 111a of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. It is assumed that

The light source unit 20B includes a diffused light source 115 for irradiating diffused light.
As the diffusion light source 115, for example, a backlight of a general liquid crystal panel can be used. The backlight includes a backlight light source, a light guide plate, a diffusion plate, a light diffusion film, and the like. As the backlight light source, for example, an LED, a CCFL (cold cathode tube), or the like is used.

  In the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2B, as shown in FIG. 9, the principal point of the optical element 111a forming the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 and the center of the corresponding opening 110a forming the opening array 110 are aligned. Have been.

  In the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2B, the light (backlight light) emitted from the diffusion light source 115 is applied to the display element 112, and is converted into images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3 displayed on the display element 112. Light rays travel in various directions due to the corresponding modulation of transmittance and brightness. However, in the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2B, the aperture array 110 is arranged on the focal plane of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111, and the aperture array 110 corresponds to the principal point of the optical element 111a constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. The centers of the apertures 110a forming the aperture array 110 are arranged in a straight line, and their configurations are the same as those of the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2 according to the first embodiment. For this reason, of the light rays traveling in various directions from the display element 112, the light rays traveling in the optical axis direction of the parallel light shown in FIG. 9 are projected by the convex lens (optical element 111a) constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. It is collected. The light that has passed through the convex lens (optical element 111a) is emitted from the aperture array 110 in the same direction as in the case of the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2 according to the first embodiment.

  That is, light rays traveling in various directions from the display element 112 enter the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111. Then, the light beams that have passed through the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111 travel in the directions corresponding to the images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3, and pass through the aperture array 110. Therefore, according to the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2B, when the viewer H observes the light passing through the aperture array 110 from the direction indicated by the arrow 121 as in the first embodiment, the diffusion characteristics differ depending on the observation position. Can be seen.

(Third embodiment)
The configuration of the diffusion characteristic reproducing device according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2C according to the third embodiment includes, in order from the display surface side of the display element 112, an aperture array 110, a diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117, a display element 112, And a light source unit 20C. Note that the same components as those of the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2B according to the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

In the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2C, each optical element constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117 is a refractive index distribution lens 117e.
The refractive index distribution lens 117e is configured to have a non-uniform bending distribution such as a square characteristic from the periphery to the center in a cross section orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens, for example.
The refractive index distribution lens 117e is set to have a length from the incident end face to the exit end face such that parallel light is emitted from the exit end face when a point light source is disposed on the entrance end face.
In the diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array 117, the refractive index distribution lenses 117e are arranged in a dense state. The array of the refractive index distribution lenses 117e is, for example, a square lattice shape or a line offset shape.

  The aperture array 110 is arranged on the emission end face of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117. In the aperture array 110, apertures 110a are arranged so as to coincide with the optical axis of the gradient index lens 117e. In other words, the center of each opening 110a forming the aperture array 110 is arranged on the optical axis of each refractive index distribution lens 117e forming the diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array 117.

The display element 112 is arranged on the incident end face of the diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array 117.
Here, the light source unit 20C is, for example, the diffusion light source 115. Note that the light source unit 20C may be a light source that emits parallel light.
In FIG. 10, in order to clearly show a member in which the aperture array 110, the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117, and the display element 1112 of the diffusion characteristic reproduction device 2C are joined, one member corresponding to one refractive index distribution lens 117e is shown. The unit element 110e of the aperture array 110 and the corresponding unit element 112e of the display element 112 are illustrated in an exploded manner.

  Since the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2C is configured as described above, when the light emitted from the light source unit 20C is applied to the display element 112, the transmittance and the brightness corresponding to each image displayed on the display element 112 are obtained. The light rays that travel in various directions after being modulated enter the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117. Then, the light beam that has passed through the diffusion characteristic control optical element array 117 travels in a direction corresponding to each of the images 109a1, 109a2, 109a3, 109b1, 109b2, and 109b3, and passes through the aperture array 110. Therefore, according to the diffusion characteristic reproducing device 2C, as in the second embodiment, when the viewer H observes the light passing through the aperture array 110 from the direction indicated by the arrow 121, the diffusion characteristics differ depending on the observation position. Can be seen.

1, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F Diffusion characteristics acquisition device 2, 2B, 2C Diffusion characteristics reproduction device 20, 20B, 20C Light source 102 Objective lens 103 Image sensor 105 Aperture array 105a Aperture 106 Optical element array 106a Optical element 106c Collection Optical lens array 106c1 Lens 107 Optical element array 107e Refractive index distribution lens 107c Condensing lens array 107c1 Lens 110 Aperture array 111 Diffusion characteristic control optical element array 111a Optical element 112 Display element 113 Light source direction control optical element array 113a Optical element 114 Point light source array 114a Point light source 115 Diffusion light source 117 Diffusion characteristic controlling optical element array 117e Refractive index distribution lens 130 Light shielding plate

Claims (10)

A diffusion characteristic acquisition device that acquires information on brightness and color of a plurality of light beams emitted in different directions from one point of a subject as diffusion characteristics,
From the side of the subject,
An objective lens,
An aperture array in which a plurality of apertures are arranged two-dimensionally,
An optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements are arranged two-dimensionally,
An image sensor,
The individual optical elements constituting the optical element array are arranged at positions where light passing through the individual openings constituting the aperture array is incident,
Before SL in a position where a real image of the object is generated by the objective lens, the diffusion characteristics acquisition unit, wherein the aperture array is located. Each optical element constituting the optical element array is a convex lens,
The optical element array and the aperture array are disposed apart from each other by a predetermined distance,
The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging element and the optical element array are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. The individual optical elements constituting the optical element array are refractive index distribution lenses, and the refractive index distribution lens has a length from an incident end face to an output end face, which is parallel when a point light source is arranged on the incident end face. The length is set so that light is emitted from the emission end face,
The aperture array is disposed on an incident end face of the optical element array,
2. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the imaging device is arranged on an emission end face of the optical element array. 3.   The center of each of the openings constituting the aperture array is arranged on the optical axis of each of the optical elements constituting the optical element array. 3. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to item 1.   The center of each opening constituting the aperture array is arranged on a straight line passing through the principal point of each optical element constituting the optical element array and the principal point of the objective lens. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to claim 1 or 2. A light-collecting lens array including a plurality of lenses is provided between the optical element array and the imaging element,
The lens is smaller than an optical element forming the optical element array, and the condensing lens array includes a plurality of the lenses for one optical element forming the optical element array. The diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A display element for displaying an image with a transmittance or a color corresponding to information on brightness or color acquired as a diffusion characteristic of a subject by the diffusion characteristic acquisition device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A diffusion characteristics reproduction device that reproduces the diffusion characteristics of the subject,
In order from the display surface side of the display element,
An aperture array in which a plurality of apertures are arranged two-dimensionally,
A diffusion characteristic control optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements for controlling the direction of light passing through the display element are two-dimensionally arranged,
The display element;
A light source unit that emits light from the opposite side of the display surface of the display element,
The individual apertures constituting the aperture array are arranged at positions where light emitted from the light source unit and passing through the individual optical elements constituting the display element and the diffusion characteristic control optical element array is incident, and A diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus, which is arranged on a focal plane of each optical element constituting a diffusion characteristic control optical element array. The light source unit,
In order from the display surface side of the display element,
A light source direction control optical element array in which a plurality of optical elements for controlling the direction of light passing through the display element are two-dimensionally arranged,
A point light source array in which a plurality of point light sources are arranged two-dimensionally,
Each of the point light sources constituting the point light source array is arranged on a focal plane of each optical element constituting the light source direction control optical element array,
The point light sources, the corresponding principal points of the optical elements constituting the light source direction control optical element array, the corresponding principal points of the optical elements constituting the optical element array, and the corresponding apertures constituting the aperture array. The diffusion characteristic reproducing device according to claim 7, wherein the center and the center are arranged on a straight line. The light source unit is configured by a planar diffused light source,
8. The diffusion characteristic reproducing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a principal point of an optical element forming the optical element array and a center of a corresponding opening forming the aperture array are arranged on a straight line. Each optical element constituting the diffusion characteristic control optical element array is a refractive index distribution lens, and the refractive index distribution lens has a length from an entrance end face to an exit end face, and a point light source is arranged on the entrance end face. Is set to a length such that parallel light is emitted from the emission end face when
The aperture array is disposed on an emission end face of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array,
The diffusion characteristic reproducing device according to claim 7, wherein the display element is arranged on an incident end face of the diffusion characteristic control optical element array.

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