JP2017004975A - Method of joining covered conductors - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of joining covered conductors which can ensure electrical and mechanical connection reliability in a junction of a plurality of covered conductors even when joining a large number of covered conductors in which aluminum wires and copper wires that are covered conductors are mixed with a simple configuration.SOLUTION: A method of joining covered conductors which joins two types of conductor parts 11 of a plurality of covered conductors 10 in which two types of covered conductors 10 of an aluminum wire 10A and a copper wire 10C are mixed, comprises: an insulation covering peeling process of exposing the conductor parts 11 by removing a prescribed section in the extension direction of the insulation covering 12 of each of the aluminum wire 10A and the copper wire 10C at a position apart from each end thereof; and a conductor part joining process of crimping and joining the two types of conductor parts 11 with a crimping and joining terminal 20 by arranging an aluminum conductor part 11A on a position overlapped with at least a portion of a through hole 21 formed in the crimping and joining terminal 20, and then joining the conductor parts with welding.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for joining covered electric wires in which conductor portions of a plurality of covered electric wires whose conductor portions are covered with an insulating coating made of an insulating material are joined together.

  Conventionally, when an electric circuit of an automobile is configured using a wire harness, it is necessary to provide a number of branches on the covered electric wire of the wire harness. For such a branched portion of the covered electric wire, a method of joining the covered electric wires is used in which the exposed conductor portions are joined by removing the insulating coating of the plurality of covered electric wires.

As a method for joining the covered electric wires, for example, Patent Document 1 describes a joint using a crimp joint terminal (hereinafter referred to as “crimp joint”) at a joint portion.
Further, for example, Patent Document 2 describes a joint (hereinafter referred to as “welded joint”) that applies pressure and current or ultrasonic vibration to a joint portion.

  In crimping bonding, since a plurality of coated electric wires are bonded by crimping the conductor portions that are the bonding portions of the plurality of coated electric wires with the crimp bonding terminals, the quality of the bonded state is determined from the appearance of the crimped crimped bonding terminals. Easy to judge. That is, it can be determined whether or not the joint portion of the covered electric wire is fixed from the appearance of the crimp joint terminal, and as a result, mechanical connection reliability can be obtained.

  In addition, welding can transmit heat or ultrasonic vibration necessary for joining to the inside of the joined part even when joining the conductor parts of many covered wires. The contact resistance can be kept small, and as a result, electrical connection reliability can be obtained.

  By the way, in recent years, in the automobile industry, in consideration of the environment, it has become an important issue to improve fuel consumption by reducing the weight of the vehicle. For this reason, an aluminum electric wire made of aluminum or aluminum alloy having a lighter conductor is attracting attention as compared with a copper electric wire made of copper or a copper alloy.

  For this reason, it is assumed that an aluminum electric wire and a copper electric wire are mixedly used for the wire harness. In this case, at the branch portion of the covered electric wire, a conductor part made of aluminum or aluminum alloy (hereinafter referred to as “aluminum conductor part”) and a conductor part made of copper or copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as “copper conductor part”). ")") Will be performed.

  In addition, since the aluminum conductor part forms an oxide film, it functions as a serration, which is an uneven part formed with the oxide film on the crimp joint terminal during crimping by the crimp joint terminal, or as a simple structure. The contact resistance is reduced by breaking through the through hole.

JP 2009-129812 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-82375

However, in crimp bonding, when the number of covered electric wires to be bonded increases, the influence of disturbance such as fraying of the conductor portions of each covered electric wire increases, and a good connection between the conductor portions can be maintained up to the inside of the bonded portion. In addition, since the contact resistance is increased, there is a problem that only a relatively small number of covered electric wires can be joined.
In other words, the crimp bonding may cause a problem in electrical connection reliability when a large number of covered electric wires are bonded.
On the other hand, it is difficult to judge whether or not the bonded portion of the covered electric wire is securely fixed in the appearance of the welded joint, which may cause a problem in mechanical connection reliability.
In addition, when copper conductors and aluminum conductors are mixed and joined, and when through holes that function as serrations are formed in the crimp joint terminals, the copper conductors and aluminum Due to the influence of disturbance such as fraying of the conductor part, it is difficult to arrange the aluminum conductor part in a position overlapping the through hole, and the oxide film of the aluminum conductor part cannot be broken by the through hole, resulting in electrical Connection reliability may be reduced.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and even when a large number of covered electric wires are joined with a simple configuration by mixing aluminum electric wires and copper electric wires which are covered electric wires, It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of joining a covered electric wire that can ensure the electrical and mechanical connection reliability of the joint portion of the electric wire.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a method for joining coated wires according to claim 1 of the present invention includes an aluminum wire in which an aluminum conductor portion made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is coated with an insulating coating, And two types of the said aluminum conductor part and the said copper conductor part of the said some covered electric wire in which two types of covered electric wires of the copper electric wire which coat | covered the copper conductor part which consists of copper or a copper alloy with the insulation coating are mixed A method of joining a covered electric wire for joining conductor portions, wherein the insulation coating of each of the aluminum electric wire and the copper electric wire is extended in a direction away from each end of the aluminum electric wire and the copper electric wire. The aluminum conductor part or the copper conductor part is exposed by removing only a predetermined section, and the insulation covering intermediate stripping process is formed, and the aluminum conductor part is formed on the crimp joint terminal. After the two types of conductor portions are crimped and joined to each other by means of the crimping junction terminals, the welding is performed by applying pressure and heat to the crimping junction terminals. And a conductor part joining step for joining.

  Moreover, in the above-mentioned invention, the method for joining covered electric wires according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that the conductor part joining step includes forming the aluminum conductor part at the bottom of the crimp-joined terminal in a crimped state. It arrange | positions in the position which overlaps with at least one part of a hole, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of joining a covered electric wire, wherein the aluminum conductor portion or the copper conductor portion is formed by applying the insulating coating of the aluminum electric wire and the copper electric wire to the aluminum electric wire and the copper electric wire. By removing only a predetermined section in the extending direction at a position away from each end portion, the aluminum conductor portion or the copper conductor portion is prevented from being disturbed by fraying, etc. At the position where the conductor portions of the plurality of covered electric wires mixed with two types of the covered electric wires are crimp-bonded by the crimp-bonding terminals, the configuration is simple and overlaps the through-hole that functions as a serration. Since the aluminum conductor portion can be easily arranged, the oxide film of the aluminum conductor portion can be reliably broken using the through-hole, and the crimping contact can be made. After that, since welding is further performed, even when a large number of covered wires are joined with a simple configuration by mixing aluminum wires and copper wires, which are covered wires, The electrical and mechanical connection reliability of the joint portion can be ensured.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of joining a covered electric wire, wherein the aluminum conductor portion is placed on a bottom portion of the crimp joint terminal when the crimp joint is performed by the crimp joint terminal. Since it can arrange | position in the position which overlaps at least one part of the said through-hole, the said aluminum conductor part can be arrange | positioned in the position which overlaps at least one part of the said through-hole more easily.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the vicinity of a joint portion of a plurality of covered electric wires joined by a method of joining covered electric wires according to an embodiment of the present invention, and (a) is a view seen from the side for crimping crimp-bonded terminals. (B) is the figure which looked at the crimping | compression-bonding terminal from the through-hole side. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the joint portion shown in FIG. FIG. 3A is a diagram showing an aluminum wire and a copper wire exposed by stripping the insulation coating, and FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a plurality of exposed conductor portions of the aluminum wires and the copper wires. It is the figure which showed the state which pressure-bonded. FIG. 4A is a view showing a state in which the electrode E is pressed against the crimp joint terminal because (a) is welded joint, and FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a joint portion including the crimp joint terminal after the weld joint using an insulating tape. It is the figure which showed the state covered. FIG. 5 is a graph for comparing the contact resistance at the joint portion due to the difference in the arrangement position of the aluminum conductor portion with respect to the crimp joint terminal and the difference in presence or absence of the weld joint after the crimp joint. FIG. 6 is a graph for comparing the contact resistances at the joint portion due to the difference in the arrangement position of the aluminum conductor portion with respect to the crimp joint terminal and the difference in presence or absence of the weld joint after the crimp joint. FIG. 7: is the figure which showed the arrangement | positioning relationship of two types of covered electric wires with respect to the crimp bonding terminal in the connection method of the covered electric wires which concern on the Example of this invention, (b) is a comparison of (a). It is the figure which showed the arrangement | positioning relationship used as object.

  Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, preferred embodiments of the method for joining covered electric wires according to the present invention will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the periphery of a joint portion 30 of a plurality of covered electric wires 10 joined by a method of joining covered electric wires according to an embodiment of the present invention, as viewed from the side where a crimping joint terminal 20 is caulked. It is a figure, (b) is the figure which looked at the crimping | compression-bonding terminal 20 from the through-hole 21 side. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the joint portion 30 shown in FIG.
In FIG. 2, each of the copper conductor portion 11C and the aluminum conductor portion 11A is simply shown without showing the copper strand 13c or the aluminum strand 13.
The method for joining covered electric wires according to the embodiment of the present invention is used, for example, at a branching portion of the covered electric wire 10 of the wire harness constituting the electric circuit of the automobile. The method for joining the covered wires includes an aluminum wire 10A in which an aluminum conductor portion 11A made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is covered with an insulating coating 12, and a copper conductor portion 11C made of copper or a copper alloy in an insulating coating 12. The two types of conductor portions 11 of the plurality of covered wires 10 in which two types of the covered wires 10 of the copper wire 10C covered with are mixed together are joined together.

First, the copper electric wire 10C used for the method for joining covered electric wires according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
10 C of copper electric wires have the copper conductor part 11C, and the insulation coating 12 which is an insulating material which coat | covers the outer periphery of the copper conductor part 11C.
The copper conductor portion 11C is formed by bundling a plurality of copper strands 13c made of copper or a copper alloy wire.
In addition, although the copper conductor part 11C illustrated what bundled the some copper strand 13c, it is not restricted to this, You may be a single core wire.
The insulating coating 12 is made of an insulating synthetic resin, and protects the copper conductor portion 11C from the outside by covering the outer periphery of the copper conductor portion 11C.

  The copper wire 10C is removed only in a predetermined section in the extending direction at a position away from the end of the copper wire 10C (hereinafter referred to as “stripping the insulation coating”).

Next, the aluminum electric wire 10A used for the method for joining the covered electric wires according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
10A of aluminum electric wires have the conductor part 11A made from aluminum, and the insulation coating 12 which is an insulating material which coat | covers the outer periphery of the conductor part 11A made from aluminum.
The aluminum conductor portion 11A is formed by bundling a plurality of aluminum strands 13a made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy wire.
The aluminum conductor portion 11A is exemplified by a bundle of a plurality of aluminum strands 13a, but is not limited thereto, and may be a single core wire.
The insulating coating 12 is made of insulating synthetic resin, and protects the aluminum conductor portion 11A from the outside by covering the outer periphery of the aluminum conductor portion 11A.

  This aluminum wire 10A strips the insulation coating 12 in the same manner as the copper wire 10C.

Next, the crimp joint terminal 20 used for the method for joining the covered wires according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The crimp joint terminal 20 is to crimp the exposed conductor portions 11 of the plurality of aluminum wires 10A and the copper wires 10C.
The crimp bonding terminal 20 is formed by molding a plate-like member made of a metal such as copper or a copper alloy by die press working or the like.

In addition, the crimping junction terminal 20 can be placed on the crimping junction terminal 20 before the crimping to the exposed conductor portion 11 of the plurality of aluminum wires 10A and the copper wires 10C. A cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the extending direction of the covered electric wire 10 to be placed is substantially U-shaped with an upper opening.
When crimping such a crimp joint terminal 20 to the conductor portion 11, a so-called crimper, anvil, and the like, with the conductor portions 11 of the plurality of covered electric wires 10 placed on the substantially U-shaped crimp joint terminal 20 before the crimping. The crimp bonding terminal 20 is crimped by a crimping jig (not shown) or the like so as to wrap the conductor portions 11 of the plurality of covered electric wires 10.

The crimp bonding terminal 20 has a through hole 21. The through hole 21 is formed in the bottom portion 20a of the crimp-bonded terminal 20 in a crimping completed state. The through-hole 21 functions as a so-called serration, and destroys the oxide film of the exposed aluminum conductor portion 11A of the aluminum electric wire 10A when the crimp-bonding terminal 20 is crimped.
Such a through-hole 21 has a simple configuration compared to the uneven serration, and is easy to process, although the formation range of the through-hole 21 cannot be increased in consideration of the strength and the like of the crimp bonding terminal 20.

Next, using FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the work process of the method for joining covered electric wires will be described.
3A is a view showing an aluminum electric wire 10A and a copper electric wire 10C exposed by stripping the insulation coating 12, and FIG. 3B is an exposed conductor portion of the plurality of covered electric wires 10. FIG. It is the figure which showed the state which pressure-bonded 11 one. 4A is a view showing a state in which the electrode E is pressed against the crimp joint terminal because the weld joint is shown in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 4B is a diagram showing the insulation of the joint portion 30 including the crimp joint terminal 20 after the weld joint. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state covered with a tape 40.
In addition, the operation | work shown below may be performed automatically using an apparatus, and may be performed manually using a jig | tool etc.

  First, an insulative coating peeling step is performed (see FIG. 3A). In this insulation coating stripping process, the conductor portion 11 of each coated wire 10 is exposed by stripping the insulation coating 12 of each coated wire 10 of the plurality of coated wires 10 in which the aluminum wire 10A and the copper wire 10C are mixed. It is a process to do. Thus, when the conductor part 11 is exposed by peeling off the insulating coating 12 of the covered electric wire 10, the aluminum conductor part 11 </ b> A and the copper conductor part 11 </ b> C are peeled off by peeling off the insulating coating 12 at the terminal part of the covered electric wire 10. Compared to exposing the aluminum conductor portion 11A, the copper conductor portion 11C and the copper conductor portion 11C can be maintained in a state free from disturbance such as fraying.

In addition, by joining the conductor portions 11 of the plurality of covered electric wires 10 exposed by peeling off the insulating coating 12 in this manner, the conductor portions exposed to the terminal portions of the covered electric wires are joined at the joint portion 30 of the covered electric wire 10. As compared with the case of joining, a larger number of branches can be obtained with a smaller number of covered electric wires.
In addition, what is necessary is just to process the branch electric wire which is not used as a dummy electric wire when branching the odd number of the covered electric wires 10 in the junction part 30. FIG.
Moreover, this stripping process during insulation coating is adjusting the removal area | region of the insulation coating 12 in the extension direction of each covered electric wire 10 of the some covered electric wire 10 substantially equally.

Then, as a conductor portion joining step, two types of exposed conductor portions 11 of the plurality of covered wires 10 in which two types of covered wires 10 of the aluminum wire 10 </ b> A and the copper wire 10 </ b> C are mixed are pressure-bonded by the crimp-bonding terminals 20 ( (Refer FIG.3 (b)). In this operation, the crimping junction terminal 20 is crimped using a crimping jig (not shown) such as a crimper or an anvil.
In this operation, the aluminum conductor portion 11 </ b> A is disposed at a position overlapping at least a part of the through hole 21 formed in the crimp bonding terminal 20, and the two types of conductor portions 11 are crimp bonded by the crimp bonding terminal 20.
Here, each of the aluminum conductor portion 11A and the copper conductor portion 11C exposed by peeling off the insulating coating 12 can prevent fraying and other disturbances, so that the aluminum conductor portion 11A is at least part of the through hole 21. (See FIG. 2). For this reason, even when the aluminum conductor portion 11A and the copper conductor portion 11C are mixed and joined, the oxide film of the aluminum conductor portion 11A can be surely broken by the through-hole 21 by the pressure bonding. .

Then, as a conductor part joining process, the electrode E generally used for welding joining is pressed against the crimping joint terminal 20, and pressure and current are applied from the electrode E to the crimping joint terminal 20. The part 11 is joined by welding (see FIG. 4A). Thereby, the joining part 30 of the some covered electric wire 10 was joined using the joining method of both crimping joining and welding joining.
In the conductor portion joining step, the plurality of covered electric wires 10 are joined with the removed section of the insulating coating 12 aligned.

  Thereafter, the joint portion 30 including the crimp joint terminal 20 after the welding joint is covered with the insulating tape 40 (see FIG. 4B). By this operation, the joint portions 30 of the plurality of covered electric wires 10 are protected so as to be insulated.

Next, using FIG. 5 to FIG. 7, a comparison is made of contact resistance at the joint portion due to the difference in the arrangement position of the aluminum conductor portion 11 </ b> A with respect to the crimp joint terminal 20 and the presence or absence of post-crimp welding connection.
FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are graphs for comparing the contact resistance at the joint portion 30 according to the difference in the arrangement position of the aluminum conductor portion 11A with respect to the crimp joint terminal 20 and the presence or absence of weld joint after the crimp joint. . FIG. 7: is the figure which showed the arrangement | positioning relationship of two types of covered electric wires with respect to the crimp bonding terminal in the connection method of the covered electric wires which concern on the Example of this invention, (b) is a comparison of (a). It is the figure which showed the arrangement | positioning relationship used as object.
The graphs shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are the results of tests conducted by the inventor to confirm the effects of the invention.
Further, in the durability test, the contact resistance value is evaluated by performing heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 138 hours on the joint portions 30 of the plurality of covered electric wires 10.
5 and 6, the vertical axis indicates the contact resistance (mΩ), the horizontal axis after the crimping joint (indicated by symbol A), and after the crimping joint and further performing the welding joint (indicated by symbol B), The contact resistance measurement data after the endurance test (indicated by symbol C) are shown side by side. In addition, “diamond marks” in the graph indicate measurement data in the case where there is weld bonding after pressure bonding, and “square marks” indicate measurement data in the case where there is no welding connection after pressure bonding.

  FIG. 5A is a diagram in which an aluminum conductor portion 11A is disposed at positions P3 and P4 in FIG. 2 and a copper conductor portion 11C is disposed in the remainder (see FIG. 7A), and position P3. And the contact resistance between the aluminum conductor part 11A arranged at the position P4, (b) arranges the aluminum conductor part 11A at the position P1 and the position P2 in FIG. 2, and the remaining copper conductor part 11C is disposed (see FIG. 7B), and the contact resistance between the aluminum conductor portions 11A disposed at the positions P1 and P2 is measured.

  FIG. 6A shows an arrangement in which an aluminum conductor portion 11A is arranged at positions P3 and P4 in FIG. 2 and a copper conductor portion 11C is arranged in the rest (see FIG. 7A), and position P3. The contact resistance between the aluminum conductor portion 11A disposed at the position P1 and the copper conductor portion 11C disposed at the position P1 is measured, and (b) shows the aluminum conductor portion 11A at the positions P1 and P2 in FIG. And the remaining copper conductor portion 11C (see FIG. 7B), and the contact resistance between the aluminum conductor portion 11A arranged at the position P1 and the copper conductor portion 11C arranged at the position P3 Is measured.

  In the graphs shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, those corresponding to the method of joining the covered wires according to the examples of the present invention are indicated by the horizontal axis symbols B and C in the graphs of FIG. 5 and FIG. It is the measurement data of “diamond mark”, and it can be seen that these measurement data are suppressed to be lower than the contact resistance of other bonding conditions.

  The method for joining covered electric wires according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an aluminum conductor portion 11A or a copper conductor portion 11C, an aluminum electric wire 10A and a copper electric wire 10C, respectively an insulating coating 12 and an aluminum electric wire 10A and a copper electric wire 10C. By removing only a predetermined section in the extending direction at a position away from the end of the wire, the aluminum conductor portion 11A or the copper conductor portion 11C is prevented from being disturbed by fraying, etc. A position that overlaps with the through-hole 21 that has a simple configuration and functions as a serration when crimp-bonding by the crimp-bonding terminal 20 between the conductor portions 11 of the plurality of coated wires 10 in which two types of the covered wires 10 of the wire 10C are mixed. Since the aluminum conductor portion 11A can be easily disposed on the surface, the oxide film of the aluminum conductor portion 11A can be reliably broken by using the through-hole 21. In addition, since the welding is further performed after the crimp bonding, a large number of the covered electric wires 10 can be joined with a simple configuration by mixing the aluminum electric wires 10A and the copper electric wires 10C that are the covered electric wires. Even in this case, the electrical and mechanical connection reliability of the joint portions 30 of the plurality of covered electric wires 10 can be ensured.

  In addition, the method of joining the covered electric wires according to the embodiment of the present invention is such that the aluminum conductor portion 11A is placed on the bottom portion 20a of the crimp joint terminal 20 during the crimp joint by the crimp joint terminal 20, thereby making the aluminum conductor portion. Since 11A can be disposed at a position overlapping at least a part of the through hole 21, the aluminum conductor portion 11A can be more easily disposed at a position overlapping at least a part of the through hole 21.

  In addition, although the method of joining the covered electric wire according to the embodiment of the present invention is exemplified by forming the through hole 21 in the bottom portion 20a of the crimp bonding terminal 20, it is not limited to this and is formed in other portions such as a side portion. May be.

  Moreover, although the method for joining the covered wires according to the embodiment of the present invention has exemplified that the crimp-joined terminal 20 has a substantially U-shaped cross-section before the crimping, the present invention is not limited to this, Other shapes may be used as long as the conductor portions 11 can be bonded to each other by pressure bonding. For example, the crimp bonding terminal 20 may be cylindrical.

  Further, in the method for joining the covered wires according to the embodiment of the present invention, the stripping step in the insulating cover adjusts the removal section of the insulating cover 12 in the extending direction of each of the covered wires 10 of the plurality of covered wires 10 approximately equally. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the stripping section may be different for each covered wire 10 as long as the exposed conductor portions 11 of the plurality of covered wires 10 can be joined by peeling off the insulating coating 12.

  Moreover, although the method of joining the covered electric wires according to the embodiment of the present invention has exemplified the one in which the pressure and the current are applied to the crimping joint terminal 20 by the electrode E as the welding joint, it is not limited thereto, but by an ultrasonic horn or the like The pressure and ultrasonic vibration may be applied to the crimping junction terminal 20.

  The invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the above-described embodiments of the invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments of the invention and does not depart from the gist thereof. Various changes can be made.

10 Coated wire 10A Aluminum wire (Coated wire)
10C Copper wire 11 Conductor part 11A Aluminum conductor part (conductor part)
11C Copper conductor (conductor)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Insulation coating 13a Aluminum strand 13c Copper strand 20 Crimp joint terminal 20a Bottom part 21 Through-hole 30 Joint part 40 Insulation tape

Claims (2)

Two types of covered electric wires are mixed: an aluminum wire in which an aluminum conductor made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is covered with an insulating coating, and a copper wire in which a copper conductor made of copper or a copper alloy is covered with an insulating coating A method of joining a covered electric wire for joining two types of conductor portions of the aluminum conductor portion and the copper conductor portion of the plurality of covered electric wires,
By removing the insulation coating of each of the aluminum electric wire and the copper electric wire only in a predetermined section in the extending direction at a position away from the respective ends of the aluminum electric wire and the copper electric wire, or the A stripping step in the insulation coating to expose the copper conductor,
The aluminum conductor portion is disposed at a position overlapping at least a part of the through hole formed in the crimp joint terminal, and the two types of conductor portions are crimped and joined to each other by the crimp joint terminal. A conductor joining step for welding and joining by applying pressure and heat;
A method for joining coated electric wires, comprising: The conductor part joining step includes
The method for joining covered electric wires according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum conductor is disposed at a position overlapping at least a part of the through hole formed at the bottom of the crimp joint terminal in a crimping completed state.

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