JP2017001150A - Processing machine and processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a processing machine which achieves high processing efficiency and high machine durability, and to provide a processing method.SOLUTION: A processing machine performs processing such as cutting on a workpiece 300, and includes: an abrasive grain supply unit 110 which supplies abrasive grains; and a nozzle 200 which discharges the abrasive grains supplied from the abrasive grain supply unit 110 toward the workpiece 300. The nozzle 200 includes: an intake port 210 to which the abrasive grains are supplied with compressed air; a discharge port 220 from which the abrasive grains are discharged; and a porous layer 230 for forming an outer periphery of an abrasive grain passage 215 located between the intake port 210 and the discharge port 220. The processing machine further includes a pressure supply part 260 which supplies a pressure, which is higher than the compressed air supplied to the intake port 210, to a space 250 formed at an outer periphery of the porous layer 230.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a processing machine and a processing method for processing a workpiece with abrasive grains.

  As a processing machine for processing a workpiece, a blasting machine that discharges abrasive grains from a nozzle is conventionally known. The blasting machine can keep the initial cost lower than the laser processing machine. The processing speed by the blast processing machine is slower than the processing speed by the laser processing machine.

  Although not used for a processing machine, examples of the shape of the nozzle include those shown in JP-A-10-296407 (Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses that a step portion is provided in a nozzle inner hole portion for continuous casting, and a gas such as reducing gas or inert gas is blown from the lower surface of the step portion and the peripheral surface of the nozzle hole connected to the lower surface.

JP-A-10-296407

  In a blasting machine, when low-hardness abrasive grains are used, the processing speed for each nozzle is slow. Further, it is difficult to cut a high-hardness workpiece (for example, sapphire material) using low-hardness abrasive grains. On the other hand, when a high-hardness abrasive grain is used, wear due to the abrasive grain coming into contact with the inner wall of the nozzle tends to occur. As a result, the life of the nozzle is shortened. If low-hardness abrasive grains are used to suppress nozzle wear, the abrasive grains are low in hardness, making it easier to grind, and the replacement frequency increases compared to high-hardness abrasive grains, reducing running costs. Increase.

  From a viewpoint different from the above, when the spray pressure of the abrasive grains sprayed from the spray nozzle at the tip of the nozzle is dispersed, the processing efficiency of the workpiece decreases.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a processing machine and a processing method with high processing efficiency, high durability of the apparatus, and low running cost.

  A processing machine according to the present invention is a processing machine for processing a workpiece, and an abrasive grain supply unit that supplies abrasive grains, and the abrasive grains supplied from the abrasive grain supply unit are directed toward the workpiece. A nozzle for discharging, and the nozzle is provided with an inlet for supplying the abrasive grains together with gas, an outlet for discharging the abrasive grains, and a passage of the abrasive grains located between the inlet and the outlet. The processing machine further includes a pressure supply unit that supplies a pressure higher than the gas supplied to the inlet to a space formed on the outer periphery of the porous layer.

  In one embodiment, in the processing machine, the porous layer is provided at least at the tip of the nozzle.

  The processing method according to the present invention includes a step of opposing a nozzle for discharging abrasive grains and a workpiece, supplying the abrasive grains together with a gas to the inlet of the nozzle, and the inlet on the wall surface of the passage in the nozzle. A step of processing the workpiece by relatively moving the nozzle and the workpiece while supplying a gas having a pressure higher than that of the gas supplied to the nozzle and discharging the abrasive grains from the outlet of the nozzle; Is provided.

  In one embodiment, in the processing method, the step of processing the workpiece includes cutting the workpiece without inverting the planar workpiece.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a processing machine and a processing method that have high processing efficiency, high durability of the apparatus, and low running cost.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the processing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the nozzle in the processing apparatus shown in FIG.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Note that the same or corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof may not be repeated.

  Note that in the embodiments described below, when referring to the number, amount, and the like, the scope of the present invention is not necessarily limited to the number, amount, and the like unless otherwise specified. In the following embodiments, each component is not necessarily essential for the present invention unless otherwise specified.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a processing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the processing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a supply unit 100 that supplies abrasive grains and gas for processing, and for injecting the abrasive grains toward a workpiece 300 that is a workpiece. Nozzle 200. A plurality of nozzles 200 are typically provided in one processing machine, but the number of nozzles 200 is not particularly limited.

  Processing such as cutting the workpiece 300 by abrasive grains discharged from the nozzle 200 is performed. As will be described later, since the processing machine according to the present embodiment has high processing efficiency (processing amount or processing depth per unit time), for example, the workpiece 300 is cut without turning the planar workpiece 300 upside down. Used for that. The processing mode of the workpiece 300 performed by the abrasive grains discharged from the nozzle 200 is not limited to cutting. When processing the workpiece 300, the workpiece 300 may be processed with the front and back reversed.

  As the abrasive grains discharged from the nozzle 200, those having a hardness higher than that of the workpiece 300 to be processed are used. The material of the abrasive grains is not particularly limited. For example, a material made of white alumina, silicon carbide, stainless steel, or the like can be used.

  Supply unit 100 includes an abrasive supply unit 110 and a gas supply unit 120. The abrasive grain supply part 110 supplies the above-mentioned abrasive grains. The gas supply unit 120 supplies gas that has been pressurized to inject abrasive grains. A typical example of the gas supplied from the gas supply unit 120 is compressed air, but the gas supplied from the gas supply unit 120 is not limited to compressed air. The abrasive grains supplied from the abrasive grain supply unit 110 and the gas supplied from the gas supply unit 120 are mixed and supplied to the nozzle 200.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure of the nozzle 200. As shown in FIG. 2, the nozzle 200 includes a suction port 210, a discharge port 220, a passage 215 formed between the suction port 210 and the discharge port 220, and a porous wall that constitutes a part of the wall surface of the passage 215. It includes a material layer 230, a port 240 connected to the nozzle body, a space 250 formed on the outer periphery of the porous layer 230, and a pressure supply unit 260 that supplies pressure to the space 250 via the port 240.

  The air inlet 210 is supplied with a mixture of abrasive grains from the abrasive grain supply unit 110 and gas from the gas supply unit 120 (arrow A in FIG. 2). The abrasive grains and gas supplied to the intake port 210 are discharged from the discharge port 220 toward the work 300 after passing through the passage 215.

  The porous layer 230 is made of a porous material. The porous material here is, for example, a ceramic (alumina, silicon carbide, etc.), a metal (stainless steel, etc.), glass (quartz glass, etc.), a resin (polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.) that is a continuous porous body (open pores). ) Or carbon. The pore diameter of the porous material is smaller than the grain size of the abrasive grains, and for example, those having a pore size of about 3 μm to 30 μm are used. The porosity of the porous material is about 30% or more and 80% or less.

  The porous layer 230 constitutes the wall surface of the passage 215. In the example of FIG. 2, the porous layer 230 is provided only on the tip end side of the nozzle 200, but the porous layer 230 may be provided over the entire length of the passage 215. The porous layer 230 is typically provided so as to surround the entire circumference of the passage 215, but only a part of the passage 215 in the circumferential direction (for example, the abrasive grains are particularly likely to collide without the porous layer 230. The porous layer 230 may be formed so as to constitute only the place.

  A space 250 is formed on the outer periphery of the porous layer 230. Pressure is supplied to the space 250 from the pressure supply unit 260 via the port 240 (arrow B in FIG. 2). The pressure supplied from the pressure supply unit 260 to the space 250 is higher than the pressure of the gas supplied to the intake port 210.

  In the example of FIG. 2, the porous layer 230 has a tapered shape that reduces the diameter of the passage 215 toward the tip of the nozzle 200, but the shape of the porous layer 230 is not limited to this. The porous layer 230 may have a cylindrical shape whose inner diameter is constant in the length direction. The porous layer 230 may have a slit shape whose inner diameter is constant in the length direction.

  From the viewpoint of improving the processing efficiency by the processing machine, it is preferable to increase the hardness of the abrasive grains. On the other hand, by improving the durability of the nozzle 200, the replacement frequency of the nozzle 200 can be reduced and the running cost can be reduced. From the viewpoint of improving the durability of the nozzle 200, it is desirable to suppress wear on the inner wall of the nozzle, and it cannot be said that it is preferable to simply increase the hardness of the abrasive grains.

  In the processing machine according to the present embodiment, the above problem is solved by supplying high pressure to the outer periphery of the porous layer 230. That is, in the processing machine according to the present embodiment, a high pressure gas layer is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the porous layer 230 by supplying high pressure to the outer peripheral space 250 of the porous layer 230. Thereby, since it can suppress that an abrasive grain collides with the inner wall of a nozzle, abrasion of a nozzle inner wall can be suppressed. For this reason, in the processing machine according to the present embodiment, high-hardness abrasive grains can be used, and the processing efficiency can be improved.

  Moreover, in the processing machine which concerns on this Embodiment, since it is suppressed that an abrasive grain collides with the inner wall of a nozzle as above-mentioned, the deceleration by friction does not arise easily and processing efficiency further improves.

  Furthermore, in the processing machine according to the present embodiment, the porous layer 230 has a tapered shape, and further, a high-pressure gas layer is formed on the porous layer 230, so that the abrasive flow is centered in the passage 215. To be collected. That is, the flow passage cross-sectional area of the abrasive grains is small at the discharge port 220. As a result, the abrasive spray pressure increases, and the processing efficiency is further improved.

  Moreover, in the processing machine which concerns on this Embodiment, since the abrasive grain is suppressed from colliding with the inner wall of a nozzle as above-mentioned, durability of the nozzle 200 improves. As a result, the replacement frequency of the nozzle 200 is reduced, and the running cost is reduced.

Thus, according to the processing machine which concerns on this implementation, durability of an apparatus can also be improved, improving a processing efficiency. According to the processing machine according to the present embodiment, it is possible to cut and process a high-hardness workpiece. As the material constituting the workpiece 300, silicon carbide (SiC, ceramics), sapphire (A 1203), sapphire glass, quartz (SiO _2, quartz), silica glass, tempered glass, heat-resistant glass, alumina, and the like.

  The above contents are summarized as follows. That is, the processing machine according to the present embodiment performs processing such as cutting on the workpiece 300 as the “workpiece”, and includes an abrasive supply unit 110 that supplies abrasive grains, and an abrasive supply. And a nozzle 200 that discharges abrasive grains supplied from the unit 110 toward the workpiece 300. The nozzle 200 includes an inlet 210 as an “inlet” to which abrasive grains are supplied together with compressed air as “gas”, an outlet 220 as an “outlet” from which abrasive grains are discharged, an inlet 210 and an outlet. 220 and a porous layer 230 that forms the outer periphery of the abrasive grain passage 215 located between them. The processing machine further includes a pressure supply unit 260 that supplies a pressure higher than the compressed air supplied to the air inlet 210 to the space 250 formed on the outer periphery of the porous layer 230.

  In the processing method according to the present invention, the nozzle 200 for discharging abrasive grains and the workpiece 300 are opposed to each other, the abrasive grains are supplied together with the compressed air to the air inlet 210 of the nozzle 200, and the surface of the passage 215 in the nozzle 200 is The workpiece 300 is processed by relatively moving the nozzle 200 and the workpiece 300 while supplying compressed air having a pressure higher than that of the compressed air supplied to the intake port 210 and discharging abrasive grains from the discharge port 220 of the nozzle 200. A process.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Supply part, 110 Abrasive grain supply part, 120 Gas supply part, 200 Nozzle, 210 Intake port, 215 passage, 220 Discharge port, 230 Porous layer, 240 port, 250 space, 260 Pressure supply part, 300 Workpiece.

Claims (4)

A processing machine for processing a workpiece,
An abrasive supply unit for supplying abrasive grains;
A nozzle that discharges abrasive grains supplied from the abrasive grain supply unit toward the workpiece;
The nozzle is
An inlet to which the abrasive grains are supplied together with a gas;
An outlet from which the abrasive grains are discharged;
A porous layer forming an outer periphery of the passage of the abrasive grains located between the inlet and the outlet;
The said processing machine is further provided with the pressure supply part which supplies the pressure higher than the said gas supplied to the said inlet into the space formed in the outer periphery of the said porous layer.   The processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer is provided at least at a tip portion of the nozzle. A process of facing the nozzle that discharges abrasive grains and the workpiece;
The abrasive grains are supplied to the inlet of the nozzle together with the gas, the gas higher than the gas supplied to the inlet is supplied onto the wall surface of the passage in the nozzle, and the abrasive grains are discharged from the outlet of the nozzle. And a step of processing the workpiece by moving the nozzle and the workpiece relative to each other.   The processing method according to claim 3, wherein the step of processing the workpiece includes cutting the workpiece without reversing the planar workpiece.

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