JP2016536239A - 金属ナノ粒子を含むセル状固体複合材料、調製方法および水素の可逆性貯蔵のための使用 - Google Patents
金属ナノ粒子を含むセル状固体複合材料、調製方法および水素の可逆性貯蔵のための使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016536239A JP2016536239A JP2016516850A JP2016516850A JP2016536239A JP 2016536239 A JP2016536239 A JP 2016536239A JP 2016516850 A JP2016516850 A JP 2016516850A JP 2016516850 A JP2016516850 A JP 2016516850A JP 2016536239 A JP2016536239 A JP 2016536239A
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- monolith
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- hydrogen
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
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- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical group Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 34
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)[O-] SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
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Abstract
Description
LiBH4→LiH+B+3/2H2
i)およそ1μm〜100μm、好ましくは、4〜70μmの平均サイズdAを有するマクロ孔および0.7〜1.5nmの平均サイズdIを有するミクロ孔を含み、前記マクロ孔およびミクロ孔が相互接続している階層化多孔質ネットワークを含む多孔質カーボンモノリスであって、メゾ多孔質ネットワークを有さない前記材料に、溶媒中のパラジウムおよび金から選択される金属Mの塩の溶液を含浸させるステップと、
ii)前記モノリスを風乾するステップと、
iii)50〜900℃で変動する温度で、金属イオンMをゼロ酸化状態に還元するための還元ガスの存在下での前記モノリスの熱処理によって、ゼロ酸化状態の前記金属Mのナノ粒子を形成するステップ。
a)高真空下、およそ150〜400℃の温度で前記材料を脱気するステップと、
b)周囲温度で、前記の脱気した材料に、エーテルから選択される有機溶媒中の溶液中の、式(I)X(BH4)n(式中、X=Li、Na、MgまたはKであり、X=Li、NaまたはKである場合にはn=1であり、X=Mgである場合にはn=2である)の少なくとも1種の金属水素化物の溶液を含浸させるステップと、
c)金属水素化物溶液を含浸した材料を乾燥させるステップであって、前記乾燥が、低真空下、周囲温度で実施されるステップと、任意選択で、
d)上記のステップb)およびc)の1回以上の反復。
1)上記で定義されるような複合材料が、少なくとも100℃の温度の加熱ステップに付される二水素製造ステップと、次いで
2)前記複合材料が、200〜500℃の温度で50〜200バールの水素圧力に1〜48時間付される再水素化ステップと、
3)上記のステップ1)および2)の1回以上の反復。
−98%純粋セチルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CTAB):ChemPur製、
−テトラエトキシオルトシラン(TEOS)、純度>99%:Sigma−Aldrich製、
−塩化パラジウム(PdCl2)およびテトラクロロ金酸カリウム(KAuCL4):Sigma−Aldrich製、
−アセトンおよびドデカン、純度>90%:Rectapur製;
−テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、
−37%塩酸、50%フッ化水素酸:Carlo Erba Reagents製、
−RhodiaによるAblaphene(登録商標)RS101の名称で、プレポリマーの水性−アルコール性溶液の形態で販売されるフェノール−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、
−Acros Organicsによって販売されている市販のLiBH4粉末;
−Sigma−Aldrichによって販売された99.8%純度のメチルt−ブチルエーテル(MTBE)。
この実施例では、パラジウムまたは金ナノ粒子を含む種々のカーボンモノリスの調製を例示する。
6gのHClを用いて予め酸性化した16gの35%TTAB水溶液に、5gのTEOSを添加した。単相親水性媒質(エマルジョンの水相)が得られるまで、混合物を加水分解させた。次いで、この水相を乳鉢に移し、次いで、35gのドデカン(エマルジョンの油相)を滴加し、撹拌した。次いで、このエマルジョンを密閉されたポリスチレン試験管に移し、次いで、エマルジョンを周囲温度で1週間、シリカモノリスの形態に縮合させた。次いで、このように合成されたシリカモノリスを、それから油相を抽出するためにTHF/アセトン(50/50:v/v)混合物を用いて3回24時間洗浄した。次いで、シリカモノリスを周囲温度で1週間乾燥させ、次いで、2℃/分の温度増大速度を適用する650℃で6時間の熱処理に付し、200℃で2時間最初に保持した。MSiと示されるシリカモノリスが得られた。
THF中の、25重量%のAblaphene(登録商標)RS110フェノール樹脂の溶液を調製し、溶液S25と呼んだ。
前述のステップにおいて上記で得られたMS25carbモノリスを、0.5mlの塩酸を用いて酸性化したアセトン/水(1/1:v/v)混合物中の塩化パラジウムの4.5×10−2M溶液を含有するビーカー中に浸漬した。次いで、モノリスの孔隙における塩化パラジウム溶液の良好な含浸を確実にするために、ビーカーを、起沸が消失するまで動的真空下に置き、次いで、静的真空下に3日間静置した。次いで、モノリスを空気中で乾燥させ、次いで、塩化パラジウムを、水素下で400℃でのモノリスの熱処理(2℃/分の温度上昇速度)によって還元させた。このように得られた複合モノリスは、PdMS25carbと呼ばれた。
前述のステップにおいて上記で得られたMS25carbモノリスを、アセトン/水(1/1:v/v)混合物中のテトラクロロ金酸カリウムの4.5×10−2M溶液を含有するビーカー中に浸漬した。次いで、モノリスの孔隙におけるテトラクロロ金酸カリウム溶液の良好な含浸を確実にするために、ビーカーを、起沸が消失するまで動的真空下に置き、次いで、静的真空下に3日間静置した。次いで、モノリスを空気中で乾燥させ、次いで、テトラクロロ金酸カリウムのAu3+イオンを、8バールの水素圧力下で80℃でのモノリスの熱処理によって還元させた。このように得られた複合モノリスは、AuMS25carbと呼ばれた。
添付された図1は、プロセスの第2のステップの最後に得られたMS25carbモノリスの巨視的図を示す。
ミクロ孔内でのLiBH4の不均一な核形成によって水素を貯蔵するために、実施例1において上記で調製されたPdMS25carbおよびAuMS25carbカーボンモノリスを使用した。カーボンモノリスからの水素の放出も研究した。
PdMS25carbおよびAuMS25carbカーボンモノリスにおけるLiBH4の不均一な核形成に関するすべての実験は、精製アルゴン雰囲気下グローブボックス中で実施した。周囲温度で100mlのMTBE中に217mgのLiBH4粉末を溶解することによって、0.1M LiBH4溶液をまず調製し、撹拌した。カーボンモノリスを、高真空(P<10−4mbar)下300℃で12時間脱気し、その後、LiBH4溶液を含浸させた。含浸は、各カーボンモノリスの100mgを0.1M LiBH4溶液中に入れることによって実施した。含浸後、濾過によってLiBH4溶液からカーボンモノリスを抽出し、周囲温度で低真空下で乾燥させた。3回の含浸/乾燥サイクルをこのように実施して、モノリス中に含有されるLiBH4の量を最適化した。
添付の図6は、PdMS25carb/LiBH4およびAuMS25carb/LiBH4モノリスのX線ディフラクトグラム(それぞれ曲線4および3)、また、金属ナノ粒子によって修飾されていないカーボンモノリスのもの(MS25carb/LiBH4;曲線2)および 市販のLiBH4単独のもの(曲線1)を表す。
上記で試験した種々のモノリス(PdMS25carb/LiBH4;AuMS25carb/LiBH4およびMS25carb/LiBH4)およびLiBH4単独を、次いで、再水素化されることを目的として、400℃でH2の100バールの圧力に12時間付した。
−曲線1:LiBH4単独、
−曲線2:調製したとおりのMS25carb/LiBH4モノリス、
−曲線3:調製したとおりのPdMS25carb/LiBH4モノリス、
−曲線4:調製したとおりのAuMS25carb/LiBH4モノリス、
−曲線5:1回脱離/吸収サイクル後のMS25carb/LiBH4モノリス、
−曲線6:1回脱離/吸収サイクル後のPdMS25carb/LiBH4モノリス、
−曲線7:1回脱離/吸収サイクル後のAuMS25carb/LiBH4モノリス、
−曲線8:5回脱離/吸収サイクル後のPdMS25carb/LiBH4モノリス、
−曲線9:5回脱離/吸収サイクル後のAuMS25carb/LiBH4モノリス。
Claims (20)
- 1μm〜100μmの平均サイズdAを有するマクロ孔および0.7〜1.5nmの平均サイズdIを有するミクロ孔を含み、前記マクロ孔およびミクロ孔が相互接続している階層化多孔質ネットワークを含む多孔質カーボンモノリスの形態である、セル状固体複合材料であって、メゾ多孔質ネットワークを有さず、ゼロ酸化状態で金属Mのナノ粒子を含むことを特徴とし、前記金属Mは、パラジウムおよび金から選択される、セル状固体複合材料。
- モノリスのマクロ孔の表面に、パラジウムまたは金のナノ粒子が存在する、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 金属Mのナノ粒子の大きさが、1〜300nmで変わる、請求項1または2に記載の材料。
- 以下のステップ:
i)1μm〜100μmの平均サイズdAを有するマクロ孔および0.7〜1.5nmの平均サイズdIを有するミクロ孔を含み、前記マクロ孔およびミクロ孔が相互接続している階層化多孔質ネットワークを含む多孔質カーボンモノリスであって、メゾ多孔質ネットワークを有さない前記材料に、溶媒中のパラジウムおよび金から選択される金属Mの塩の溶液を含浸させるステップと、
ii)前記モノリスを風乾するステップと、
iii)50〜900℃で変動する温度で、金属イオンMをゼロ酸化状態に還元するための還元ガスの存在下での前記モノリスの熱処理によって、ゼロ酸化状態の前記金属Mのナノ粒子を形成するステップと
を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料を調製するための方法。 - 金属Mの塩が、塩化パラジウム、テトラクロロ金酸カリウムおよびテトラクロロ金酸水素から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 含浸溶液内の金属M塩の濃度が、10−3M〜1Mで変わる、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- ステップiii)の熱処理が、水素の存在下、400℃の温度で1時間実施される、請求項4から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも以下のステップ:
a)高真空下、150〜400℃の温度で前記材料を脱気するステップと、
b)周囲温度で、前記の脱気した材料に、エーテルから選択される有機溶媒中の溶液中の、式(I)X(BH4)n(式中、X=Li、Na、MgまたはKであり、X=Li、NaまたはKである場合にはn=1であり、X=Mgである場合にはn=2である)の少なくとも1種の金属水素化物の溶液を含浸させるステップと、
c)金属水素化物溶液を含浸した材料を乾燥させるステップであって、前記乾燥が、低真空下、周囲温度で実施されるステップと、任意選択で、
d)上記のステップb)およびc)の1回以上の反復と
を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載される、ゼロ酸化状態のパラジウムおよび金から選択される金属Mのナノ粒子を含む複合材料中に水素を貯蔵するための方法。 - ステップa)の間の材料の脱気が、280〜320℃の温度で実施される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 式(I)の金属水素化物が水素化ホウ素リチウムである、請求項8または9に記載の方法。
- 金属水素化物溶液の溶媒が、メチルt−ブチルエーテルである、請求項8から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- およそ1μm〜100μmの平均サイズdAを有するマクロ孔および0.7〜1.5nmの平均サイズdIを有するミクロ孔を含み、前記マクロ孔およびミクロ孔が相互接続している階層化多孔質ネットワークを含む多孔質カーボンモノリスの形態である複合材料であって、メゾ多孔質ネットワークを有さず、ゼロ酸化状態の金属Mのナノ粒子を含み、前記金属Mは、パラジウムおよび金から選択されることを特徴とし、ミクロ孔は、式(I)X(BH4)n(式中、X=Li、Na、MgまたはKであり、X=Li、NaまたはKである場合にはn=1であり、X=Mgである場合にはn=2である)の水素化物から選択される、結晶性、半結晶性または非晶質金属水素化物の形態の水素を含有することを特徴とする、複合材料。
- その比表面積が、50〜900m2/gである、請求項12に記載の複合材料。
- ミクロ孔の容量が、複合モノリスの0.30cm3.g−1以上であり、金属水素化物が、非晶質形態である、請求項12または13に記載の複合材料。
- 二水素の製造のための、請求項12から14のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料の使用。
- 二水素で作動する燃料電池に二水素を供給するための、請求項15に記載の使用。
- 請求項12から14のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料が、少なくとも100℃の温度での加熱ステップに付される、二水素製造方法。
- 加熱ステップが250〜400℃の温度で実施される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 以下のステップ:
1)請求項12から14のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料が、少なくとも100℃の温度の加熱ステップに付される二水素製造ステップと、次いで
2)前記複合材料が、200〜500℃の温度で50〜200バールの水素圧力に1〜48時間付される再水素化ステップと、
3)上記のステップ1)および2)の1回以上の反復
を含むことを特徴とする、可逆的二水素製造方法。 - ステップ2)が、材料を400℃で100バールの水素圧力に12〜24時間付すことによって実施される、請求項19に記載の方法。
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FR1359588 | 2013-10-03 | ||
PCT/FR2014/052492 WO2015049464A1 (fr) | 2013-10-03 | 2014-10-02 | Matériau composite solide alvéolaire comportant des nanoparticules métalliques, procédé de préparation et utilisations pour le stockage réversible de l'hydrogène |
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US20110262993A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2011-10-27 | Backov Renal | Method for preparing a cellular carbon monolith comprising a hierarchised porous network |
US20120082615A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2012-04-05 | Backov Renal | Method for storing hydrogen in a porous monolithic material, composite material obtained, and applications |
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D. BALLESTERO ET AL.: "Novel methodology for gold nanoparticles deposition on carbon monolith supports", COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A:PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS, vol. 441, JPN6018023366, 2014, pages 91 - 100 * |
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