JP2016534520A - Optical structure having microstructure with square scattering function - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a refractive optical element that can satisfy a legal requirement and at the same time realize a light distribution pattern that is not perceived as unpleasant. An optical structure (100) for an illuminating device (1) of an automobile headlight, the illuminating device (1) being adapted to emit light and emitting from the illuminating device (1). In the optical structure (100) of the illuminating device (1), the optical structure (100) is substantially the same as the illuminating device (1). Associated with or constituting part of the illumination device (1), such that the optical structure (100) is a plurality of optical structure elements (110) The optical structure element (110) has a function of scattering light, and the optical structure element (110) has an uncorrected light distribution pattern (LV1) formed by the illumination device (1). By the optical structure (100) The optical structure element (110) has a rectangular bottom surface (202) and is configured to be modified to a settable modified light distribution pattern (LV2), and has a plurality of corners of the rectangular grid (200). The surface (202) between the vertices (201) is completely covered by the bottom surface of just one optical structure element (110). [Selection] Figure 17

Description

  The present invention is an optical structure for an illumination device for an automobile headlight, the illumination device being adapted for light emission, and a light distribution pattern in which the light emitted from the illumination device is preset. It is related with the optical structure which forms.

  Furthermore, the invention relates to a lighting device for an automobile headlight having such an optical structure.

  Furthermore, the invention relates to an automobile headlight comprising at least one such lighting device.

  The light distribution pattern of an automobile headlight needs to satisfy a series of conditions in accordance with regulations.

  For example, according to ECE and SAE, minimum and maximum light intensity is required in a predetermined area above the light and dark line (HD line), that is, outside the primary illumination area. These function as “signlights” and allow overhead road signs to be illuminated when illuminated by passing cars. The light intensity used is usually above the normal scattered light value, but is well below the light intensity below the HD line. The required light value needs to be achieved with as little diaphragm action as possible.

  “Sign lights” are usually realized by special cut surfaces (or dimensions) of the projection lens (whose dimensions are at least several millimeters) or by discontinuous small bumps. The disadvantage is, among other things, that these structures can be viewed as bright light spots from the outside and are therefore increasingly being avoided, especially for design reasons. Furthermore, since this type of device is adapted to the optical system that is installed later, the intended function is no longer guaranteed if it is modified.

  Furthermore, because of the indispensable blurry light-dark boundary (Hell-Dunkel-Grenzen) defined for legal reasons, the HD line imaging is neither overly clear nor over-blurred, ie the maximum of the HD line Sharpness is defined by law. Because the HD line is so blurred, the HD line is perceived by the driver as being “softer” and subjectively more comfortable.

  This HD blur (HD-Uebergang) is quantified by the maximum gradient along the vertical (vertical) cross section through the light / dark boundary. For this purpose, a gradient function (Gradientenfunktion) is obtained by calculating the logarithm of illuminance (Beleuchtungsstaerke) at measurement points spaced by 0.1 ° and obtaining the difference. The maximum (value) of this function is called the slope of the HD boundary. This definition only reproduces human brightness perception inaccurately, so differently perceived HD lines can have the same measurement of slope, and when the HD lines look the same. However, different slopes may be measured.

  The gradient is usually alleviated (moderated) by changes in the lens surface of the lens of the illuminator. Various measures are used in the prior art. For example, a statistically rough surface treatment of the lens surface can achieve a more relaxed (soft) HD boundary, but this strategy dazzles the eyes of the passing (oncoming) driver. In another variation, the lens surface is modulated (for example, superposition of two sine waves, a group of spherically recessed portions, etc.). These measures are highly dependent on the distribution or pattern of the light flux by the lens, and if changes in this are made, for example, by changing the light technology, the generated light flux distribution (pattern). Have a large and partial negative impact.

  One other theme is to generate a segmented light distribution pattern. Such a light distribution pattern is used, for example, when generating a dynamic light distribution pattern such as a dynamic (dynamic) high beam light distribution pattern. In a special practical example, such a dynamic light distribution pattern is composed of a plurality of individual light distribution patterns. For this purpose, for example, one small segment is generated in the light image by a plurality of individual light sources each assigned with a front optical system, and the entire light distribution pattern is generated by superimposing these light segments. Is done. By switching off these light sources individually, these segments can also be switched off individually in the light image, i.e. not illuminated. These segments are usually arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns (in a matrix).

  In principle, there is a possibility that an individual light segment having a sharp boundary edge is imaged, and measures are taken in which adjacent light segments directly touch each other. The advantage of this is that in “Volllicht” drive, ie when all light segments are activated (switched on), dark regions (“Gitter”) cannot be distinguished between light segments (but visible). Is not). However, when one or more light segments are switched off, the light distribution pattern has a sharp light-dark boundary in these areas, which is perceived as unpleasant and has the disadvantage of rapidly fatigue.

  One other approach is not to directly border the light segments. A problem found in such light distribution patterns is that undesired light effects (actions) necessarily occur in the area of adjacent segments, and in particular in this area are perceived as unpleasant by the driver. The resulting brightness variation appears in the form of a visible lattice structure.

  Furthermore, in this case as well, generally the problem of sharp light / dark boundaries still exists.

DE 10 2008 0235551 A1 DE 10 2007 063569 A1 DE 10 2009 020593 A1 US 5 836 674 A

  It is desirable to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a refractive optical element that can realize a light image (light distribution pattern) that satisfies legal values (legal requirements) and is not perceived as unpleasant. .

In order to solve this problem, the optical structure described at the beginning is configured as follows according to the present invention:
The optical structure of the illuminating device is associated with or constitutes a part of the illuminating device, such that the optical structure is transmitted (passed through) by substantially all the light bundles of the illuminating device,
The optical structure is composed of a plurality of optical structure elements, and the optical structure elements have an action of scattering light,
The optical structure element is configured such that an uncorrected light distribution pattern formed by the lighting device is modified by the optical structure to a preset light distribution pattern that can be set in advance.
The optical structure element has a rectangular bottom surface, and the surface between the corner vertices of the rectangular grid is completely covered by the bottom surface of just one optical structure element.

  The quadrilateral (rectangular) bottom surface of the optical structure element is bounded by straight side (s), that is, two adjacent corner vertices of the bottom surface of one optical structure element are connected by one straight side respectively. Yes. However, this proposition (Aussage) relates to a “flat (planar)” lattice, as briefly explained below.

  In general, the starting point can be that the optical structure is arranged on an optical substructure, i.e. an unmodified surface, e.g. a smooth flat cover plate (Abdeckscheibe) or a lens surface, e.g. flat A simple light incident surface or curved light exit surface can be used as a starting point. In the case of a flat substructure, the grating is a flat two-dimensional grating on which optical structure elements having a flat rectangular bottom surface are arranged.

  In the case of curved surfaces (curved surfaces), for the calculation of optical structure elements and their placement, a flat surface is the starting point, ie a flat with one flat grid and straight edges. A plurality of structural elements having a rectangular bottom face are used as starting points. This flat lattice is projected onto the curved surface of the foundation structure. Therefore, in this case, the “real” grid is no longer flat, and on the curved substructure, the bottom surface of the optical structure element is no longer flat and is also curved, and similarly, the four sides that bound the bottom surface Is also curved.

  However, in practice this difference is not very important. This is because the optical structure element is very small and the curved surface can be regarded as flat in the region of one optical structure element.

  Therefore, when referring to a quadrilateral or the like having straight sides with respect to a curved substructure, this can be understood to mean the projection (graphic) of this curved surface onto one plane.

  Thus, although the two-dimensional lattice is developed on the above-described “flat” surface, four lattice points each form one lattice cell (Gitterzelle). One such grating cell is covered by one optical structure element. Here, the “bottom surface” corresponds to the plane of the flat lattice cell, the optical structure element itself has this square bottom surface, and the actual surface (top surface) of the optical structure element is positive (positive) Or a negative (negative or concave) distance (or in some cases a distance 0 in some areas).

  The essence of the present invention is that the entire surface of the “basic structure” is corrected for the light distribution pattern by the fact that the grating is square and the bottom surface of the optical structure element occupies (covers) the entire surface of one grating cell. It can be used (considered). In the case of a hexagonal lattice with circular optical structure elements, a very large surface coverage of approximately 90% is achieved in this case as well, but a small percentage of the bottom surface of approximately 10% remains unmodified. It does not contribute to the correction of the light image.

  The applicant's parallel (priority date and international filing date) patent application includes a plurality of optical structures as described at the outset, each having a circular base and arranged in a hexagonal lattice. An optical structure composed of the following optical structure elements is described. In such a hexagonal arrangement, at the curved boundary surface of the lens, approximately 91% of this surface is covered by the optical structure element, while approximately 9% of the lens surface is maintained uncovered. Yes. When a sharply demarcated light segment is imaged by such a lens, for example in a rectangular light segment, these uncovered areas of the lens surface result in a sharp image of the edge of the light segment and thus , Causing non-uniformity in the optical image.

  With the configuration of the present invention in which the lens surface is covered with 100% optical structure elements, the sharply demarcated light segments imaged by the lens in the area in front of the vehicle produce a uniform (uniform) structure. It becomes possible.

  Furthermore, from the viewpoint of symmetry, the apex region between the four light segments can be favorably illuminated by the rectangular shape of the basal plane of the optical structure element corresponding to the symmetry of the light segments. Is not possible with optical structure elements having a circular base.

  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corrected light distribution pattern is formed by convolution of an uncorrected light distribution pattern with a spread function, and the optical structure is modified in accordance with the spread function. It is comprised so that.

  Thus, according to the present invention, the entire optical structure is taken into account (utilized), and the optical structure is accordingly modified or formed by a spreading function so that a complete desired light image is generated. Unlike the prior art, where different structural elements are utilized in the optical structure, for example for gradient relaxation or sign light generation, or some of the existing structural elements are additionally modified, the present invention Accordingly, the desired (modified) light distribution pattern is realized as follows, starting from an uncorrected light distribution pattern formed by the lighting device without an optical structure: Uncorrected light distribution pattern The optical structure so that one of the spread functions forms a correspondingly modified light distribution pattern from the uncorrected light distribution pattern so that the desired light distribution pattern is formed. The optical structure is formed as a whole so as to correct the total light flux.

  Advantageously, furthermore, the optical structure elements are arranged (assigned) on at least one, preferably just one, defined surface of at least one optical element. .

  The optical structure elements are particularly advantageous if each optical structure element is configured to modify a light beam that passes through (transmits through) the optical structure element into a modified light beam according to a spreading function. is there.

  Given a particular (uncorrected) light beam of the total light bundle, this light beam contributes to some extent to the light distribution pattern of the light image (the total light bundle forms a (total) light distribution pattern. ). One optical structure element modifies one light beam that passes through (transmits through) the optical structure element so that the uncorrected contribution to the overall light distribution pattern is varied according to the spread function. For example, an uncorrected light beam contributes to the light distribution pattern by a certain shape, i.e. certain areas on the road or on the measuring screen (Messschirm) are illuminated and other areas are not illuminated. Depending on the divergence function, the structure element also illuminates the area outside the originally illuminated area with a certain (light) intensity while the total light flux is kept constant (light) intensity. Is reduced, at least in the part of the area originally illuminated by the unmodified light beam.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the bottom surface of each optical structure element is formed by a rectangle, depending on the symmetry of the light segment to be modified by the optical structure.

  Theoretically, depending on the application, it may be possible to use both rectangular and rectangular optical structure elements together, but all optical structure elements are related in terms of shape and preferably also in terms of dimensions. Also preferably have the same bottom surface.

  The bottom surface of each optical structure element can also be formed in a rectangular shape.

  The optical structure elements are therefore arranged in a rectangular, preferably rectangular grid, each optical structure element being a plane between the four corner vertices formed by the grid points. Cover the whole.

  With rectangular, especially rectangular optical structure elements, a rectangular or rectangular spreading function can be realized, so that, inter alia, the “intersection area” can be properly illuminated by four adjacent light segments. As a result, the uniformity (uniformity) of the optical image can be improved.

  In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the optical structure element has a central ridge with a base that is advantageously circular or elliptical in its central region.

  The circular shape of the base is again related to the projection of the defined surface on which the optical structure element is arranged onto one plane.

  Advantageously, to achieve complete coverage of the defined surface, the base of the central ridge extends to the four boundary edges of the rectangular base.

  It is particularly advantageous for manufacturing if the central ridge has a continuous transition over its entire surface. Furthermore, the scattering properties can be better adjusted thereby.

  For the desired symmetrical spread function, the central ridge has a maximum distance to the bottom surface at the geometric center point of the bottom surface.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous if the central ridge has a minimum distance to its bottom surface at its circular circumference.

  In particular, in that case, the minimum distance of the circular circumference with respect to the bottom surface is zero.

  Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, in particular the specific embodiment described above, the optical structure element has (in each case) one apex region ridge in the apex region, the apex region ridge being Each is formed by one side of a pyramidal ridge.

  The pyramidal ridge allows the microstructure (optical structure element) itself having a round structure, ie a round base, to be “incorporated” into a rectangular, in particular a square grid, so that the optical structure is arranged. It is possible to achieve 100% coverage of the defined surface.

  It is advantageous if all the optical structure elements located in contact with one corner vertex of the grating contribute to the formation of the pyramidal ridges.

  Thus, the four side surfaces of the optical structure element (s) located in contact with one grid point together form a pyramidal ridge. This pyramidal ridge is bounded by four, preferably corner vertices arranged symmetrically around the grid points. Each of these corner vertices is located on the boundary edge of the optical structure element involved in the (pyramid) ridge, and the corner vertex is preferably located in the middle of this boundary edge.

  Adjacent corner vertices of the pyramidal ridge are connected to each other by curved, particularly inwardly curved or inwardly arcuate boundaries.

  With regard to symmetry, it is particularly advantageous if the top end (the top point) of the pyramidal ridge is located directly above the grid point of the grid.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous if the optical structure element is configured symmetrically with respect to its diagonal, in particular mirror-symmetric.

  In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the cross-section of the pyramidal ridge cut along a plane that is diagonal and perpendicular to the bottom surface, the apex region ridge has a substantially linear upslope.

  Further, in the cross section of the pyramidal ridge cut along a plane perpendicular to the bottom surface including the boundary side, the apex region ridge can have a substantially concave transition.

  Finally, it is furthermore advantageous if the central ridge and the apex region ridge transition continuously with respect to each other.

  Thereby, an optical structure can be manufactured still more easily. This is because continuous surfaces can be molded much more easily than non-continuous surfaces, for example, in an injection molding process.

  It is generally accepted that due to the circular structure, each individual light segment is somewhat blurred, especially in the region of its sharp boundary edges. As a result of 100% surface coverage, the entire bottom surface is occupied (covered) by the optical structure element (s) so that the boundary edge (side) is no longer sharply imaged. Furthermore, the area between the four adjacent light segments can be favorably illuminated by the pyramidal ridges, creating a uniform (uniform) light distribution in all areas between the multiple light segments. And when switching off one (or more) light segments, the dimmed (shaded) areas are imaged with sharp enough but borders (blurred). Not perceived as unpleasant.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the optical structure is advantageously at least one of the optical elements configured in the form of a scattering plate (or headlight lens) or cover plate (Abdeckscheibe) of the illuminator. Are arranged on exactly one boundary surface.

  Thus, the “defined surface” mentioned at the beginning is located at this at least one, preferably just one interface, of the optical element configured as a scattering plate or cover plate.

  In another embodiment, the optical structure is arranged on at least one surface of the optical element in the form of a lens of the illumination device, in particular a projection lens.

  Thus, the “defined surface” is located on the surface of the lens.

  In this case, the optical structure is advantageously arranged on the light exit surface of the lens.

  The optical structure is thus arranged on the light exit surface of the lens, preferably the curved projection lens.

  It is particularly advantageous if the optical structure element (s) of the optical structure are arranged (assigned) over at least one surface of the optical element.

  Accordingly, the “defined surface” is formed by the entire surface or boundary surface of the optical element.

  Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if all the optical structure elements are configured substantially identically.

  Each optical structure element modifies the beam bundle that passes through (transmits through) the optical structure element in the same manner as all other optical structure elements.

  Here, “substantially” identical (or identical) means that when the optical structural elements are arranged on a plane, they are actually configured identically.

  In the case of a curved surface (where the optical structure elements are arranged), the optical structure elements are configured identically in the central region, but on the other hand, due to the curvature of this curved surface, different optical structures The edge regions of the elements can be (slightly) different from one another.

  Accordingly, in one specific embodiment, all optical structure elements are configured identically with respect to a plane that is assumed to be flat or flat.

  Correspondingly, the optical structure elements are designed for planes; these identical structure elements so designed--in the same orientation--are placed on the curved surface of the lens, for example, as described above. Thus, these optical structure elements are still configured identically in their central area; in the transition area to the original lens surface on which these optical structure elements are mounted, these optical structures The body elements have different shapes (Gestalt) due to the curvature of the lens surface, depending on their position relative to the lens surface, which means that if the size of these optical structure elements is small, the light distribution Has little or no effect on the pattern.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous if all the optical structure elements are configured identically.

  In this regard, if the defined surface is a plane, no further explanation will be necessary. In the case of a curved surface (for example, a lens), the optical structural element (s) are arranged identically along the axis (s) penetrating the curved surface, but all these axes are symmetrical axes or optical axes of the curved surface. (And not perpendicular to the surface normal).

  This is particularly advantageous in terms of manufacturing technology. This is because the undercut is not formed in the optical structure, so that the optical structure and the tool (mold) for manufacturing the optical structure can be easily separated (released). Because it can.

  When the spread function is a point-spread function (PSF), the optical structure of the present invention can be suitably manufactured.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous that the symmetry of the (individual) optical structure element depends on the symmetry of the spreading function PSF. The optical structure element generally has the same symmetry class as the PSF. For example, if the PSF is horizontal spiegelsymmetrisch, the optical structure element also has horizontal mirror image symmetry.

  Furthermore, if the dimensions of the optical structure element, for example the diameter and / or height of the optical structure element, are greater than the wavelength of visible light, in particular significantly greater, it is advantageous because diffractive effects can be avoided. It is.

  In this case, it is particularly advantageous if the height of the optical structure element is in the μm region.

  For example, the height of the optical structure element is in the range of 0.5 to 5 μm, and advantageously the height of the optical structure element is in the range of 1 to 3 μm.

  In a specific embodiment, the height of the optical structure element is approximately 2.7 μm.

  Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, for example, in the above-described height variation, the diameter or length of the optical structure element is in the millimeter region.

  For example, the diameter or length of the optical structure element is between 0.5 and 2 mm, and advantageously the diameter or length of the optical structure element is approximately 1 mm.

  In the exemplary embodiment of the lens in which the optical structure element is disposed, the diameter of the lens is 90 mm.

  The defined surfaces on which the optical structure elements are arranged (assigned) are partitioned by a virtual, preferably regular grid structure, and the optical structure elements can be arranged at a grid point or a plurality of grid points. If it is arranged between the lattice points, the optical structure can be easily manufactured.

  Such a configuration is particularly advantageous from the viewpoint of a suitable optical action of the optical structure. This is because the optical action of the optical structure can be adjusted accordingly.

  Here, the “regularity” of the structure can be found for the projection of this defined surface onto one plane when the optical structure is placed on a curved optical surface. Since the lattice spacing is small, the lattice can be regarded as flat in the region of adjacent lattice points even when the defined surface is curved.

  Advantageously, exactly one optical structure element is arranged at each lattice point of the lattice structure or between a plurality of lattice points.

  Furthermore, adjacent optical structure elements can be arranged to move relative to each other, i.e. contact each other, or a plurality of optical structure elements can be arranged spaced apart from each other, i.e. not to contact each other.

  In a particular embodiment of the invention, adjacent grid points have a distance between each other of approximately 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm.

  It is preferred from an optical point of view that the transition from the optical structure element to the defined plane takes place continuously, preferably C2 continuously, ie with continuous tangents.

  An optical structure as described above for a lighting device, wherein the lighting device images light emitted from the lighting device in the form of a dimmed light distribution pattern, in particular a light distribution pattern for dimming. The dimmed light distribution pattern, in particular the dimming light distribution pattern, has a light / dark boundary, and according to the invention the optical structure, in particular the optical structure element, or the spreading function, It is particularly advantageous if it is arranged in such a way that the gradient of the light / dark boundary of the uncorrected light distribution pattern of the lighting device is reduced.

  The “relaxation (softness: softness)” of the transition is described in detail in DE 10 2008 023 551 A1 (Patent Document 1), so only an excerpt is shown here, but at −2.5 ° horizontal Described (specified) by the maximum value of the gradient along a vertical section cut at a light / dark boundary. For this purpose, the logarithm of the illumination intensity (Beleuchtungsstaerke) at the measuring points located 0.1 ° vertically (vertically) apart from each other is calculated and the difference is formed, thus obtaining the so-called gradient function (Gradientenfunktion) . The maximum value of the gradient function is called the gradient of the light / dark boundary. The greater this gradient, the sharper the light-dark transition. The vertical (vertical) position of the maximum value of this function is also the place where the so-called light / dark boundary is identified (detected), that is, the part that the human eye perceives as the boundary between “bright” and “dark” (for example, -0.5 ° vertical (vertical)) is also described (specified).

  Without the optical structure of the present invention, the illuminator forms a dimming light distribution pattern with a light / dark boundary having a certain sharpness described by the so-called “Gradienten”. To do. By using the optical structure of the present invention, this uncorrected light distribution pattern is reduced so that the sharpness of the light / dark boundary meets the legal requirements and is perceived as comfortable by the human eye. Will be corrected.

  Further, the optical structure of the present invention is configured such that the lighting device forms an image with the light distribution pattern in which the light emitted from the lighting device is dimmed, in particular, the light distribution pattern for dimming, The dimmed light distribution pattern, in particular the dimming light distribution pattern, has a light / dark boundary, and according to the invention the optical structure, in particular the optical structure element, or the spreading function is a light flux of the illumination device. This is advantageous for an illuminating device that is configured such that a portion of is imaged in a region above the light-dark boundary.

  In this way, the sign structure described at the beginning can be formed in a suitable manner by the optical structure of the present invention. In this case, for example, each optical structure element deflects a small part of the beam bundle passing through the optical structure element to a corresponding region.

  In particular, it is advantageous if the optical structure of the present invention can be used to adjust the gradient of the light / dark boundary or to form a sine light. In the prior art, this requires two optical structures, and the first optical structure for generating one of the optical “actions” of both is the second optical “ A second structure that produces “action” is superimposed. In contrast, in the optical structure of the present invention, this is achieved by a single structure composed of substantially the same plurality of structure elements configured to “realize” the spreading function as described above. The

  In this case, in a specific embodiment, the light beam deflected by the optical structure is in the region between 1.5 ° and 4 ° above the HH line, in particular between 2 ° and 4 °.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, 0.5% to 1% of the light bundle of the illuminator is deflected by the optical structure to a region above the light / dark boundary.

  The optical structure of the present invention is further configured so that the illumination device is imaged in the form of a plurality of individual light patterns in which light emitted from the illumination device is imaged in n rows and m columns, However, n> 1, m> = 1 or n> = 1, m> 1, and the plurality of individual light patterns together form one overall light distribution pattern, for example, a high-beam light distribution pattern. Depending on the optical structure, in particular the optical structure element or the spreading function is configured such that at least a part of the light bundle of the illuminating device is deflected to a boundary region between two adjacent individual light patterns. It is advantageous for the lighting device.

  The “construction” of the (one) overall light distribution pattern by a plurality of individual light patterns means that a specific area can be shielded by individually shielding the light segments (individual light patterns) as described above, for example. Have advantages. For this reason, it is advantageous if the individual light patterns are relatively sharply bounded, but this may be perceived as optically uncomfortable and in some cases between light segments that are not legally acceptable. With the disadvantage that an optical grating structure with several dark or dimmed areas can occur.

  However, it is possible in a simple manner according to the invention to make this grating structure no longer visible by irradiating these dark or dimmed areas between the light segments sufficiently.

  This is particularly advantageous when adjacent individual light patterns of the uncorrected light distribution pattern have one or more defined mutual distances.

  In this case, in a specific embodiment, the (adjacent) individual light patterns of the uncorrected light distribution pattern have a rectangular or square shape, especially when projected onto a vertical plane.

  In this case, in particular, the distances between adjacent individual light patterns are all the same in the horizontal direction.

  Furthermore, alternatively or advantageously, the distances between adjacent individual light patterns can all be the same in the vertical direction.

  In a specific embodiment, the individual light pattern has a width and / or height of approximately 1 °.

  Typically, the distance between two adjacent individual light patterns is 0.5 ° or less and more than 0 °.

  For example, the distance between two adjacent individual light patterns is 0.2 ° or less.

  For example, the distance between two adjacent individual light patterns is between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °.

  Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent individual light patterns can be 0.1 ° or less.

  In a specific embodiment, the average light intensity in the gap between two individual light patterns generated by the light bundle used for one individual light pattern is the adjacent (boundary) of the modified light distribution pattern. ) Corresponding to half the average light intensity of the individual light patterns, so that the total light intensity generated by the light used for the two adjacent individual light patterns is substantially equal to that of the modified light distribution pattern. This corresponds to the light intensity of the individual light pattern.

  In this case, advantageously, the light intensity of all individual light patterns is substantially the same, and likewise advantageously the (light) intensity of (all) individual light patterns is substantially over the entire surface of the individual light pattern. Uniform (uniform).

  As described above, a part of the light beam bundle that generates only one individual light pattern without the optical structure is a gap region that surrounds the individual light pattern by the optical structure, and is separated from each other. It is particularly advantageous if it is deflected to the gap region produced by.

  Thus, the dark edge area around the individual light pattern is exclusively illuminated by light from the individual light pattern adjacent (bounding) to this edge area, so switching off the individual light pattern individually will switch off The areas that are rendered still appear dark in the entire light image and are not illuminated by scattered light “from” other individual light patterns.

  Preferably, starting from a given individual light pattern, the light intensity in the gap bordering it decreases towards the direction of the adjacent individual light pattern, and advantageously this decrease is linear.

  Depending on the part of the light that is used for the two individual light patterns that are adjacent to (adjacent to) the gap (one), the light of the four individual light patterns in the case of an intersection region with multiple gaps Illumination of the area by the part produces a substantially constant light intensity across the gap, especially when the light intensity has a linear transition.

  In particular, the light intensity decreases to zero.

  Furthermore, the light intensity of the gap directly bordering the edge of a given individual light pattern is the light intensity of the individual light pattern of the modified light distribution pattern at that edge or the average of the individual light patterns of the modified light distribution pattern. It is also advantageous to substantially correspond to the light intensity.

  In general, it is advantageous if the optical structure is arranged and / or configured in such a way that substantially all the light bundles, preferably all the light bundles of the illumination device are incident on the optical structure.

  Thereby, all the light bundles can be used for correcting the original light distribution pattern.

  In particular, it is advantageous if the optical structure is arranged and / or configured to be illuminated substantially uniformly (uniformly).

  Finally, the invention further relates to a lighting device comprising at least one, preferably just one, of the optical structure described above.

  For example, the lighting device is a projection system.

  In this case, the illumination device advantageously comprises at least one light source, at least one reflector, and at least one lens, in particular a projection lens, and advantageously the at least one optical structure comprises a lens. And / or on an additional cover or scattering plate.

  However, the lighting device can also be a reflection system.

  In this case, the lighting device comprises at least one free-form reflector (Freiform-Reflektor), at least one light source, at least one scattering plate (or headlight lens: Streuscheibe) and / or at least one cover plate (Abdeckscheibe). ), And at least one optical structure is advantageously arranged on at least one scattering plate and / or at least one cover plate and / or an additional cover or scattering plate.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

The schematic diagram of the projection module by a prior art. The schematic diagram of the reflection module by a prior art. The schematic diagram of an example of the projection module which has the optical structure of this invention provided in the outer surface of a lens. The schematic diagram of an example of the reflection module which has the optical structure of this invention provided in the outer surface of the cover thru | or scattering plate. The schematic diagram of an example of the projection module which has the optical structure of this invention provided in the additional optical element like a plate. The schematic diagram of an example of the reflection module which has the optical structure of this invention provided in the additional optical element like a plate. (A) A “conventional” uncorrected dimming light distribution pattern formed by a prior art lighting device. (B) Individual light spots generated in the area of the lighting device according to the prior art. (C) More light spots than shown in FIG. 7 (b). (A) A corrected light distribution pattern for dimming formed by an example of an illumination device having the optical structure of the present invention. (B) The light spot of FIG. 7 (b) modified according to the spread function to achieve a combination of slope relaxation and sine light formation. (C) The light spot of FIG. 7C corrected according to the spread function. The three-dimensional external appearance of an example of the lens which has an optical structure, the enlarged view of a part of this lens, and the figure which expanded a part of this enlarged view further. An example of a hexagonal lattice structure. The lattice structure of FIG. 10 covered by an optical structure element (s) having a circular base. The optical structure of FIG. 11 in the figure which expanded the area | region of one optical structure element. An example of hexagonal arrangement | positioning of the optical structure element (micro structure) which has a circular base part, and the typical principle figure of the light distribution pattern formed by this. An example of a light distribution pattern constructed with square light segments and its imaging through the optical structure shown in FIG. An example of the grating | lattice structure in the defined surface where the optical structure element (plurality) of an example of the optical structure of this invention is arrange | positioned. The figure seen from the top of the grating | lattice of FIG. 15 in the area | region of the optical structure element which borders one optical structure element and this directly. The perspective view of the part shown by FIG. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 16. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 16. The figure which showed typically the effect | action with respect to the light distribution pattern of an example of the optical structure element which has a square base face. An image of an uncorrected light distribution pattern constructed by square light segments and a bundle of light rays forming the light distribution pattern through an example of an optical structure having square optical structure elements. The example of typical transition of the light intensity in an uncorrected light distribution pattern and a corrected light distribution pattern.

  In the following, reference is first made to FIGS. 1 to 6 which show the fundamental possibilities of the arrangement of the optical structure according to the invention—although these do not limit the protection object of the invention. The optical structure of the present invention can also be applied to devices other than the automobile lighting device described in this document.

  FIG. 1 shows an illumination device 1 configured as a projection system including a reflector 2, a light source 3, an (optional) aperture device 4, and a projection lens 5 having a curved outer surface 5a and a flat inner surface 5b. Is shown schematically.

  FIG. 2 schematically shows an illuminating device 1 configured as a reflection system including a reflector 2, a light source 3 and a scattering or cover plate 6. Reference numerals 6a and 6b in the drawings indicate an outer surface and an inner surface of the plate 6, respectively.

  3 shows a schematic diagram of the projection system of FIG. 1 in which the optical structure 100 of the present invention is disposed on the outer surface 5a of the lens 5. As shown in FIG. The optical structure 100 is advantageously arranged over the entire outer surface 5a of the lens 5 (over the entire surface).

  FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the reflection module of FIG. 2 provided with the optical structure 100 of the present invention on the outer surface of the cover or scattering plate 6.

  FIG. 5 again shows a schematic view of a projection module 1 similar to that described in FIG. However, this module 1 has an optical structure 100 according to the invention arranged in an additional optical element such as a plate (or disc: Scheibe), which is arranged between the stop 4 and the lens 5. Yes.

  Finally, FIG. 6 shows again the schematic diagram of the reflection module of FIG. However, this module has an optical structure 100 according to the invention arranged on an additional optical element such as a plate (or disc: Scheibe) arranged between the light source 3 and the scattering or cover plate 6.

  As noted above, these schematic views are only used for some explanation of the possible placement of the optical structure 100 of the present invention. In principle, the lighting device can use a plurality of light sources, for example, a plurality of LEDs as a plurality of light sources, and the light forming (shaping) body can be one or more light guides. It can be configured in the form of a waveguide, a reflector or the like.

  In general, the optical structure 100 of the illuminating device 1 is transmitted (penetrated) by substantially all (or all optically relevant) light beams (Lichtstrom) of the illuminating device 1. It is essential that it is associated (assigned) (to the lighting device 1) or constitutes part of the lighting device 1 to be illuminated.

  In particular, it is advantageous if the optical structure is arranged and / or configured to be illuminated uniformly and uniformly. In this case, when calculating the optical structure, it is possible to easily derive (determine) which part of the entire surface should be refracted and how strongly it should be refracted by a spread function.

  FIG. 7A schematically shows a “conventional” uncorrected dimming light distribution pattern LV1 as generated according to the prior art by the known lighting device shown in FIG. 1, for example. The dimming light distribution pattern LV1 has a light / dark boundary HD1 having an asymmetric transition in the illustrated example.

  FIG. 7B shows individual light spots taken out (extracted) from the light distribution pattern LV1 in order to explain the operation of the optical structure 100 of the present invention more easily, and FIG. A larger number of such light spots are shown.

  8A, FIG. 8A shows a modified light distribution pattern LV2. This modified light distribution pattern LV2 is formed by modifying the original light distribution pattern by the optical structure 100. FIG. . In this case, the corrected light distribution pattern LV2 is formed by convolution of the uncorrected light distribution pattern LV1 with the spread function PSF, but the optical structure 100 has a new light distribution according to the spread function PSF. It is configured to be corrected to the light pattern LV2.

  The corrected light distribution pattern LV2 in this case has substantially the same distribution shape as the uncorrected light distribution pattern LV1, and similarly has a light / dark boundary HD2, but the light / dark boundary HD2 has a smaller gradient. This is schematically illustrated by the greater distance between the isolux-Linien in the region of the light / dark boundary. For this reason, the light / dark boundary HD2 is “softer”.

  Further, in FIG. 8A, it can be found that the region LV2 'above the light / dark boundary HD2 is also illuminated with a certain illumination intensity in order to generate a sign light.

  Thus, the illuminating device-in the absence of the optical structure-in the illustrated embodiment has a dimming light distribution pattern LV1 having a light / dark boundary HD1 having a certain sharpness described by the so-called "Gradienten". Generate. By providing the optical structure 100, this -uncorrected -light distribution pattern LV1 has a light / dark boundary so that the sharpness of the light / dark boundary meets legal requirements and is perceived as comfortable by the human eye. Modified to reduce sharpness.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, a part of the light flux of the illumination device 1 is imaged in the region LV2 'above the light / dark boundary HD2. In this manner, the optical structure 100 of the present invention can generate the sign light described at the beginning in a suitable manner. For example, each of a plurality of optical structure elements has the optical structure. This is done by deflecting a small part of the beam bundle passing through the body element into the corresponding area.

  In this regard, in a specific embodiment as shown, the light beam deflected by the optical structure is in the region between 1.5 ° and 4 ° above the HH line, in particular between 2 ° and 4 °. It is in LV2 ′.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the optical structure deflects 0.5% to 1% of the light bundle of the illuminating device 1 to a region LV2 'above the light / dark boundary HD2.

  Looking at FIGS. 8 (b) and 8 (c), these figures are modified by the optical structure 100 of the present invention for gradient relaxation (softening) and at the same time for the generation of sine lights. Further, individual light spots (plurality) as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C are shown. As can be seen, the individual light spots are blurred (relaxed or softened), at least in the region of the light / dark boundary, and at the same time, shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C without the optical structure. The (small) portion of the light bundle that contributes to the formation of such light spots is deflected to the area above these light spots to produce a sine light.

  FIG. 9 shows, as an example, a known lens 5 having an optical structure 100 composed of a plurality of individual structure elements 110 on its outer surface. FIG. 9 schematically shows an individual structural element 110 having a diameter D and a height h as well.

  Returning again to FIG. 9, in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, it can be seen that the structural elements 110 have a circular cross-section at their base. In this case, since the structure element (s) are arranged on a curved defined surface, the base-this is the surface occupied (covered) by one structure element on the defined surface A projection (figure) on a plane is observed.

  As such, the structural elements are advantageously substantially rotationally symmetric, but can have various deformations or deviations from the rotationally symmetric structure depending on the application. This deformation may span a large range but is usually formed locally.

  The structural element 110 is disposed at a lattice point 201 of the hexagonal lattice 200 (see FIG. 10). FIG. 11 shows a state in which one structure element 110 having a circular base is seated at each lattice point 201 of the lattice structure 200.

  In the case of the illustrated embodiment in which the grid structure forms a hexagonal grid 200, a surface coverage of the defined surface by the structural elements of approximately 87% of the defined surface can be achieved. However, approximately 13% of the uncorrected surface 111 (see FIG. 12) is not covered by the structural element.

  Optical structure element (s) having a circular base are arranged in a hexagonal lattice, the optical structure described above based on FIGS. 7 (a) and 8 (a). It is particularly well suited to the case of gradient relaxation (softening) of the HD line of the light distribution pattern for dimming accompanied by formation.

  When used in connection with a segmented light distribution pattern, particularly a light distribution pattern having a square shape, such optical structure elements described above are often not preferred, as will be described below.

  FIG. 13 again shows the above hexagonal arrangement of the microstructures (optical structure elements) 110. Here, the microstructure 110 has a circular base. Between the microstructures 110, there is an unstructured position 111, i.e., an uncorrected area (e.g. on the lens surface), as also shown in FIG.

  Microstructure 110 with a circular base 110 has a circular spread function SF110 (see right side of FIG. 13) and scatters light (ie light beam (Lichtbuendel)) into a circular area (when projected onto a plane). In contrast, the uncorrected region 111 does not scatter, and one point of the object (ie, the light source, for example) is “ideally” imaged as a point SF111. Therefore, the scattered image of the optical structure in FIG. 13 has a maximum value at the center thereof.

  Thus, the unaltered region 111 of the (lens) surface results in an ideal imaging of the object, and therefore a sharp segment boundary when the light segment to be imaged is sharply bounded. That is, when such an optical structure is used, a sharp segment boundary is still obtained.

  FIG. 14 shows a schematic light distribution pattern LV1 including a plurality of light segments LS1 on the left side thereof. The light segment LS1 is rectangular in this example, has a sharp boundary side, and adjacent light segments are slightly separated from each other.

  When this light distribution pattern LV1 is imaged through an optical structure as shown in FIG. 13, a light distribution pattern LV2 as shown on the right side of FIG. 14 is obtained. On the one hand, as described with reference to FIG. 13, the boundary side of the light segment is softened compared to the original light distribution pattern LV1, but still forms a sharp image, but on the other hand, the microstructure It is notable that with 110 round bases (and thus round spread function PSF), (complete) illumination (Ausleuchten) of the corner (corner apex) region between the light segments becomes difficult.

  Thus, a microscopic element 110 having a circular spread function or a circular base causes an unfavorable lattice effect, ie a dark stripe (gap) between light segments that can be clearly seen in the diagram on the left side of FIG. It is possible to relax (weaken) the muscles, but the result is not favorable.

  FIG. 15 shows a defined surface 111, for example a flat inner or outer surface of a plate (or disc) or a light incident or light exit surface of a lens. In the case of a curved surface (curved surface) of the lens, the surface 111 represents the projection of this curved surface onto the plane. This plane is advantageously a plane whose normal is the optical axis of the lens.

  The surface 111 is (ideally) divided into a grid 200 (in the form) having a square structure in the preferred example shown. Each of the surfaces 202 between the four corner vertices is completely covered by the bottom surface of just one optical structure element 110. Accordingly, each of the structural elements 110 that scatter light has a rectangular bottom surface.

  In this case, the rectangular bottom surface of the optical structure element is bounded (bounded) by a straight side. That is, two adjacent corner vertices on the bottom surface of the optical structure element are connected by straight sides. Note that this description relates to a planar grid.

  The essence of the present invention is that the entire surface of the “Grundstruktur” has a light distribution because the grid is square and the bottom of the structure element occupies (covers) the entire grid cell. It can be considered (used) for pattern correction. In a hexagonal grid with circular structuring elements, a very large surface coverage of approximately 90% by structure elements can be achieved as well, but a small portion of the bottom surface of approximately 10% remains unmodified, It does not contribute to the modification of the structure (light distribution pattern).

  Applicant's parallel (priority date and international filing date) patent application includes an opening consisting of a plurality of optical structural elements having a circular base and arranged in a hexagonal lattice The optical structure described in 1 is described. With such a hexagonal arrangement, for the curved boundary surface of the lens, approximately 91% of this surface can be covered (covered) by the structural element (s) and approximately 9% of the lens surface. % Remains uncovered. When imaging a light segment sharply bounded by such a lens, these uncovered areas of the lens surface cause the edge of the light segment to be sharply imaged, and thus inhomogeneous in the light image Occurs.

  In the device of the present invention, the lens surface is 100% covered by structural elements, so that a homogeneous light image is obtained even by sharply demarcated light segments imaged by the lens in the area in front of the vehicle. Can be generated. This will be further described.

  From the point of view of symmetry, the square shape of the basal plane of the structural element corresponding to the symmetry of the light segment can further appropriately illuminate the apex region between the four light segments. Illumination is not possible with structure elements having a circular base.

  Depending on the symmetry of the light segment LS1 (see FIG. 14) to be modified by the optical structure, in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the bottom surface of each of the optical structure elements 110 has the shape of a square 202, respectively.

  An example of a specific form of the structural element 110 will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. The grid 200 is completely occupied (covered) by such structure elements, and all structure elements—in the virtual flat surface 111—are configured and oriented identically.

  As can be seen from FIGS. 16 to 19, the optical structure element 110 has a central ridge 110 a having a circular base at the center thereof. In order to be able to achieve complete coverage of the square 202, the base 110 a ′ of the central ridge 110 a extends to the four boundary sides 203 of the rectangular bottom surface 202 of the structure element 110.

  Advantageously, the central ridge 110a has a continuous transition across its entire surface.

  The central ridge 110a has a maximum distance to the bottom surface at the geometric center point of the bottom surface, and thus reaches a maximum height at the geometric center point of the square 202.

  The central ridge 110a has a minimum distance to the bottom surface 111/202 at its circular circumference, which is greater than zero in the illustrated embodiment.

  In the apex region, the structure element 110 has an apex region raised portion 110b. These square apex region raised portions 110b are formed by the side surfaces of the pyramidal raised portions 111b.

  "Incorporating" a microstructure (optical structure element) that itself has a round microstructure, i.e. a round base, into a square, in particular a square grid, so that the optical structure is located Achieving 100% coverage of the surface is made possible by the pyramidal ridges.

  The pyramidal ridges 111b are seated at all the corner vertices 201 of the lattice 200, and therefore, the four side surfaces 110b of the (four) structural elements located in contact with one lattice point are combined to form a pyramidal ridge. Form. The pyramidal ridge 111b is bounded by four corner vertices arranged symmetrically around the lattice point 201. Each of these corner vertices is located on the boundary side of the structural element 110 involved in the raised portion 111b. In the illustrated example, the corner vertices are just half the boundary side 203.

  Adjacent corner vertices of the pyramidal ridge are connected to each other by curved, particularly inwardly curved or inwardly arcuate boundaries.

  The top end 111b 'of the pyramidal ridge 111b is positioned directly above the lattice point 201 of the lattice 200, as shown.

  The illustrated optical structure element 110 is configured symmetrically with respect to its diagonal line AA, in particular mirror-image symmetric.

  Further, in the cross section of the pyramidal ridge 111b cut by a plane perpendicular to the bottom surface 202 including the diagonal line AA, the apex region ridge 110b has a substantially linear upward slope toward the apex 111b ′. Can be found (FIG. 18).

  Furthermore, it can be found that the apex region raised portion 110b has a substantially concave transition in the cross section BB of the pyramidal raised portion 111b including the boundary side 203 and cut by a plane perpendicular to the bottom surface 202. (FIG. 19).

  Advantageously, the central ridge 110a and the apex region ridge 110b are configured to transition continuously from one another. Thereby, an optical structure can be manufactured still more easily. This is because continuous surfaces can be molded much more easily than non-continuous surfaces, for example, in an injection molding process. This transition is advantageously C0 continuous.

  FIG. 20 schematically shows the “action (effect)” of the structural element, as compared with FIG. As in the case of FIG. 13, a circular structure 110a (similar to the microstructure 110 of FIG. 13) produces a circular scattering SF 110a of the light beam. On the other hand, in FIG. 13, the uncorrected region 111 provides an “ideal” image of light that passes through (transmits) the region 111, whereas in the case of the structure element according to FIG. The region outside the structure 110a has the structure 110b as described above, and this structure 110b scatters the transmitted light to the “corner apex region” SF110b, as a result. There is no “ideal imaging” of the light beam without it, and the light is partially scattered accordingly as shown.

  Specifically, the corrected light distribution pattern LV2 is formed by convolution of the uncorrected light distribution pattern LV1 with the spread function PSF. However, in the optical structure 100, the uncorrected light distribution pattern LV1 is corrected according to the spread function PSF. It is configured to be.

  An optical scattering element with a corner, in particular a square, preferably a square basal plane, realizes an angular, in particular a square, preferably a square spreading function (see FIG. 20), which is It has the advantages described in particular for segmented, angular light segments, in particular for square, preferably rectangular light segments.

  Thus, according to the invention, the entire optical structure is taken into account and this structure is modified or formed via a spreading function so that a complete desired light image (light distribution pattern) is produced accordingly. Unlike the prior art case, according to the present invention, the desired (modified) light distribution pattern starts from an uncorrected light distribution pattern generated by an illuminator without an optical structure, and the desired light distribution This is realized by convolving the uncorrected light distribution pattern with a spreading function that generates a pattern. Then, the optical structure is formed as a whole so that the optical structure corrects the total light flux of the illumination device so that the light distribution pattern modified according to the spread function is generated from the uncorrected light distribution pattern.

  In this case, the structural element 110 is arranged over at least one, preferably just one, defined surface 111 (distribution) of at least one, preferably just one optical element 5,6. However, the optical structure element (s) are modified so that each structural element 110 modifies the light beam passing through (transmitting) the structural element 110 into the modified light distribution pattern LB2 according to the spreading function PSF. ) 110 is particularly advantageous.

  Given a particular (uncorrected) light beam of the total light bundle, this light beam contributes to some extent to the light distribution pattern of the light image (the total light bundle forms a (total) light distribution pattern. ). One (optical) structure element modifies one light beam that passes through (transmits) the structure element such that the uncorrected contribution to the overall light distribution pattern is varied according to the spread function. For example, an uncorrected light beam contributes to the light distribution pattern by a certain shape, i.e. certain areas on the road or on the measuring screen (Messschirm) are illuminated and other areas are not illuminated. Depending on the divergence function, the structure element also illuminates the area outside the originally illuminated area with a certain (light) intensity while the total light flux is kept constant (light) intensity. Is reduced, at least in the part of the area originally illuminated by the unmodified light beam.

  FIG. 21 again shows the uncorrected light distribution pattern as already described for FIG. 14 (left side figure) in the left figure. With the optical structure of the present invention as described above, even better dispersion can be achieved than with a round microstructure (see FIG. 14). The lattice structure of FIG. In FIG. 21 (the figure on the right side thereof), it can no longer be visually recognized, or can only be visually recognized to the extent that it is no longer an obstacle and conforms to the law.

  As can be seen from FIG. 21, the individual light patterns LS1 adjacent in the horizontal (left and right) direction have an interval (interval distance) d1, but the intervals d1 are all the same. Further, the adjacent patterns LS1 have the interval d2 in the vertical (up and down) direction, but the vertical intervals are all the same. Furthermore, advantageously, d1 = d2.

  The pattern or light segment LS1 typically has a width and / or height of about 1 °, but is not limited thereto. In the case of square light segments, these typically have a (highly) larger magnitude in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.

  A dark gap (a streak or a slit) is formed in the optical image due to the interval between the optical segments LS1. The width of these gaps (corresponding to the spacings d1, d2) is typically 0.5 ° or less and greater than 0 °, and is usually 0.2 ° or less or 0.1 ° or less. A typical range of gap widths d1, d2 is between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °.

  The light intensity is substantially the same for all individual light patterns LS1, and likewise advantageously the intensity in the individual light pattern LS1 is substantially uniform (uniform) across the entire surface of the individual light pattern. However, this is schematically shown on the left side of FIG.

  A part of the beam bundle that generates only the individual light pattern (LS1) without the optical structure surrounds the individual light pattern (LS1), and is in a gap region formed by the distance between the individual light patterns (LS1). , Deflected by the optical structure.

  Thus, the dark edge areas around the individual light patterns are exclusively illuminated by light from the individual light patterns adjacent to these edge areas, so that when the individual light patterns are individually switched off, The switched off area still appears dark and is not illuminated by scattered light “from” the other individual light patterns.

  FIG. 22 schematically shows the transition of light intensity for an uncorrected light image. In the light segment LS1, the light intensity I is constant at the value I = I1, and in the gap, the light intensity is I = 0.

  A part of the light beam that forms exactly one light segment LS1 is scattered by the optical structure to the edges forming the boundary. Thus, the light intensity in the modified light segment LS1 ′ drops to the value I1 ′ (however, the shape of the light segment LS1 ′ still corresponds to the unmodified light segment LS1), but one of the light for the original light segment LS1. Parts are scattered on adjacent edges. In this case, the amount of light scattered is the light intensity at the edge of the (given) light segment LS1 ′ to be considered in one gap (as shown) on the right side of FIG. Is selected by the optical structure so that I = I1 ′ and then linearly decreases to the value I = 0 (note that I = 0 is achieved at the edge of the adjacent light segment LS1 ′) (Or configure the optical structure accordingly). In this way, a light intensity of I = I1 ′ can be achieved in the entire gap (FIG. 22). This is because the intensity of scattered light from two adjacent light segments is added.

  The rectangular structuring element 110 can realize a rectangular or rectangular spreading function (FIGS. 20 and 21) as shown in the figure. Illumination can be suitably performed by the adjacent light segments, and as a result, the uniformity (uniformity) of the light image can be improved.

  Due to the absence of uncensored regions, the total ray bundle that passes through (transmits) through the structure element 110 is scattered to some extent, so that sharp edges are no longer perfectly sharp and relaxed (blurred). Imaged).

  As a result of 100% surface coverage, the entire bottom surface is occupied (covered) by the optical structure element (s) so that the boundary edge (side) is no longer sharply imaged. Furthermore, the area between the four adjacent light segments can be favorably illuminated by the pyramidal ridge, so that a uniform (uniform) light distribution is generated in all areas between the light segments, When switching off one (or more) light segments, the dimmed (shaded) areas are sufficiently sharp but the borders are blurred (blurred) and are imaged. Not perceived as a thing.

  The dimension of the structure element 110, the length of the diagonal side or the side of the rectangle in the example shown, and / or the height of the structure element 110 (this is the maximum of the surface of the structure element from the defined plane). It is generally accepted that it is advantageous if the vertical distance) is greater than the wavelength of visible light, in particular significantly greater, since diffraction effects can be avoided.

  Specifically, the height of the structural element 110 is in the μm region.

  For example, the height of the structural element 110 is in the range of 0.5-5 μm, and advantageously the height h of the structural element 110 is in the range of 1-3 μm.

  In a specific embodiment, the height of the structural element 110 is approximately 2.7 μm.

  Further, in a specific embodiment, in the modified example having the above-described height, the length of the diagonal line of the structural element 110 or the length of the side of the basal plane is in the millimeter region.

  For example, the length of the side of the diagonal (base) of the structure element 110 is about 1 mm.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the lens in which the structural element is placed, the lens diameter is 90 mm.

  When the optical structure element 110 is configured such that each structural element 110 modifies the light beam that passes through (transmits) the structural element 110 into a modified light beam according to the spreading function PSF, It is advantageous.

  Considering a particular (uncorrected) light beam of the total light bundle, this light beam contributes to some extent to the light distribution pattern in the light image (the total light bundle generates a (total) light distribution pattern. To do). One (optical) structure element modifies one light beam that passes through (transmits through) the structure element such that the uncorrected contribution to the overall light distribution pattern is varied according to the spread function. . For example, an uncorrected light beam contributes to the light distribution pattern by a certain shape, i.e. certain areas on the road or on the measuring screen (Messschirm) are illuminated and other areas are not illuminated. According to the spread function PSF, the structure element 110 illuminates a region outside the originally illuminated region with a certain (light) intensity, while on the other hand-because the total light flux is kept constant (light ) The intensity is reduced at least in the part of the area originally illuminated by the unmodified light beam.

  As described in connection with FIG. 9, it is advantageous if the entire defined surface 5 a is covered by the optical structure element (s) 110.

  Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if all the structural elements 110 are configured substantially identically. In this case, each structural element modifies the light flux that passes through (transmits through) the structural element in the same manner as all other structural elements.

  Here, “substantially” identical (same) means that when the structural element (s) are arranged in a plane, these structural elements are actually configured identically. To do.

  In the case of a curved surface, such as in the case of the light exit surface 5a of the lens 5, the structural element (s) are each configured identically in their central region, while for the curvature of the surface, The edge regions of different structural elements can be (slightly) different from each other.

  In a specific embodiment, accordingly, all structural elements 110 are configured identically with respect to the face 111 that is assumed to be flat or flat.

  Correspondingly, the structure elements are designed for planes; even if these identical structure elements so designed-in the same orientation-are mounted on the curved surface of the lens, for example, as described above. In addition, these structural elements are still configured identically in their central area; in the transition area to the original lens surface on which these structural elements are placed, these structural elements are Depending on the position with respect to the lens surface, due to the curvature of the lens surface, (each) has a different form (Gestalt), which has an effect on the light distribution pattern when the size of these structural elements is small. Has little or no effect.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous if all the structural elements 110 are oriented identically.

  This will not require further explanation if the defined surface is planar. In the case of a curved surface (for example, a lens), the structural element (s) are arranged identically along the axis (s) penetrating the curved surface, but these axes are all on the symmetry axis or optical axis of the curved surface. It extends parallel to (and is not perpendicular to the surface normal).

  This is particularly advantageous in terms of manufacturing technology. This is because the undercut is not formed in the optical structure, so that the optical structure and the tool (mold) for manufacturing the optical structure can be easily separated (released). Because it can.

  When the spread function is a point-spread function (PSF), the optical structure or the modified light image (light distribution pattern) of the present invention can be suitably formed.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous that the symmetry of (individual) structure elements depends on the symmetry of the spreading function. Structure elements generally have the same symmetry class as PSF. For example, when the PSF is horizontal spiegelsymmetrisch, the structure element also has horizontal mirror image symmetry.

  Complete microstructuring of the lens surface is basically advantageous for all cases where microstructuring is used (e.g. imaged via xenon and LED projection systems, lenses or other light shaping bodies). Segmented light distribution pattern ...).

  The property of the square spread function provides a significant improvement, especially for the segmented light distribution pattern. Because otherwise, in this case, without the optical structure of the present invention, the square / rectangular boundary must be shifted so that all gaps (slits) are closed even in the apical region. Because it will be.

Below, the preferable form of this invention is shown.
(Embodiment 1) According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical structure for an illumination device for an automobile headlight, wherein the illumination device is adapted to emit light, and the light emitted from the illumination device is What forms a preset light distribution pattern is provided.
The optical structure of the illuminating device is associated with or constitutes a part of the illuminating device such that the optical structure is transmitted by substantially all of the light flux of the illuminating device;
The optical structure is composed of a plurality of optical structure elements, and the optical structure elements have an action of scattering light,
The optical structure element is configured such that the uncorrected light distribution pattern formed by the lighting device is modified by the optical structure into a preset light distribution pattern that can be preset;
The optical structure element has a rectangular bottom surface, and the surface between the corner vertices of the rectangular grid is completely covered by the bottom surface of exactly one optical structure element;
The bottom surface of the optical structure element is formed by a rectangle or a rectangle;
Each optical structure element has one apex region ridge in its apex region, each apex region protuberance being formed by one side of the pyramidal ridge, and
The optical structure element has a central ridge in its central region
It is characterized by.
(Mode 2) In the optical structure described above, the optical structure element preferably has a central raised portion having a circular base in the central region.
(Mode 3) In the above optical structure, the corrected light distribution pattern is formed by convolution of the uncorrected light distribution pattern with a spread function, and the optical structure has an uncorrected light distribution pattern according to the spread function. It is preferably configured to be modified.
(Form 4) In the optical structure described above, the optical structure elements are arranged on at least one, preferably just one, defined surface of at least one, preferably just one optical element. Is preferred.
(Mode 5) In the optical structure described above, the optical structure element is configured such that each optical structure element spreads a light beam passing through the optical structure element and modifies the light beam into a corrected light beam according to a function. It is preferable.
(Mode 6) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that the base portion of the central raised portion extends to the four boundary sides of the rectangular bottom surface.
(Mode 7) In the optical structure described above, the central raised portion preferably has a continuous transition over the entire surface.
(Mode 8) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that the central raised portion has a maximum distance from the bottom surface at the geometric center point of the bottom surface.
(Embodiment 9) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that the central raised portion has a minimum distance with respect to the bottom surface in the circular circumference.
(Mode 10) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that the minimum distance of the circular circumference with respect to the bottom surface is zero.
(Mode 11) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that all the optical structure elements positioned in contact with one corner vertex of the lattice contribute to the formation of the pyramidal ridges.
(Mode 12) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that the top end of the pyramidal ridge is located immediately above the lattice point of the lattice.
(Mode 13) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that the optical structure elements are configured symmetrically with respect to the diagonal line, in particular, mirror-image symmetrically.
(Mode 14) In the optical structure described above, in the cross section of the pyramidal ridge cut along a plane that includes a diagonal line and is perpendicular to the bottom surface, it is preferable that the ridge apex region ridge has a substantially linear upward slope. .
(Mode 15) In the optical structure described above, in the cross section of the pyramidal ridge formed by cutting a plane perpendicular to the bottom surface including the boundary side, it is preferable that the apex region ridge has a substantially concave transition.
(Mode 16) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that the central raised portion and the apex region raised portion continuously move with respect to each other.
(Mode 17) In the optical structure described above, the optical structure is arranged on at least one, preferably just one boundary surface of the optical element configured in the form of the scattering plate or the cover plate of the illumination device. It is preferable that
(Form 18) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that the optical structure is disposed on at least one surface of the lens of the illumination device, particularly the optical element in the form of a projection lens.
(Mode 19) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that the optical structure is disposed on the light exit surface of the lens.
(Mode 20) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that the optical structure element of the optical structure is disposed on the entire at least one boundary surface of the optical element.
(Form 21) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that all the optical structure elements are configured substantially the same.
(Mode 22) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that all the optical structure elements have the same configuration with respect to a plane imagined to be flat or flat.
(Form 23) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that all the optical structure elements are configured identically.
(Mode 24) In the optical structure described above, the spread function is preferably a point spread function.
(Form 25) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that the dimension of the optical structure element, for example, the diameter and / or height of the optical structure element is larger than the wavelength of visible light, particularly significantly larger.
(Mode 26) In the optical structure described above, the height of the optical structure element is preferably in the μm region.
(Mode 27) In the optical structure described above, the height of the optical structure element is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 μm.
(Form 28) In the above optical structure, the height of the optical structure element is preferably in the range of 1 to 3 μm.
(Mode 29) In the optical structure described above, the height of the optical structure element is preferably about 2.7 μm.
(Mode 30) In the above optical structure, the diameter or length of the optical structure element is preferably in the millimeter region.
(Form 31) In the optical structure described above, the diameter or length of the optical structure element is preferably between 0.5 and 2 mm.
(Mode 32) In the above optical structure, the diameter or length of the optical structure element is preferably about 1 mm.
(Form 33) In the above optical structure, the defined surface on which the optical structure element is arranged is partitioned by a virtual, preferably regular lattice structure, and the optical structure element is It is preferable to be arranged at a lattice point of the lattice structure or between a plurality of lattice points.
(Form 34) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that exactly one optical structure element is disposed at each lattice point of the lattice structure or between a plurality of lattice points.
(Mode 35) In the above optical structure, adjacent optical structure elements are arranged so as to move relative to each other, that is, contact with each other, or a plurality of optical structure elements are separated from each other, that is, do not contact each other. It is preferable to arrange | position.
(Mode 36) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that adjacent lattice points have a mutual distance of about 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably about 1 mm.
(Mode 37) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that the transition from the optical structure element to the defined surface is performed continuously, preferably C2 continuously.
(Mode 38) In the above optical structure, the light distribution according to any one of modes 1 to 37 for a lighting device, wherein the lighting device dimmes light emitted from the lighting device. In the form of a pattern, especially configured to image with a dimming light distribution pattern, wherein the dimmed light distribution pattern, in particular, the dimming light distribution pattern has a light / dark boundary,
The optical structure, in particular the optical structure element, or the spreading function is preferably configured such that the gradient of the light / dark boundary of the uncorrected light distribution pattern of the illumination device is reduced.
(Embodiment 39) In the above optical structure, the light distribution according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 38 for a lighting device, wherein the lighting device dimmes light emitted from the lighting device. In the form of a pattern, especially configured to image with a dimming light distribution pattern, wherein the dimmed light distribution pattern, in particular, the dimming light distribution pattern has a light / dark boundary,
The optical structure, in particular the optical structure element or the spreading function, is preferably configured such that a part of the light bundle of the illuminating device is imaged in a region above the light / dark boundary.
(Form 40) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that the deflected light beam is in a region between 1.5 ° and 4 °, particularly between 2 ° and 4 ° above the HH line.
(Form 41) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that approximately 1% of the light beam of the illumination device is deflected by the optical structure to a region above the light / dark boundary.
(Form 42) In the above optical structure, the optical structure according to any one of Forms 1 to 37 for a lighting device, wherein the light emitted from the lighting device is in n rows and m columns. It is configured to form an image in the form of a plurality of individual light patterns to be imaged, provided that n> 1, m> = 1 or n> = 1, m> 1, and the plurality of individual lights. In which the pattern together forms the overall light distribution pattern, especially the high beam light distribution pattern,
The optical structure, in particular the optical structure element or the spreading function, is configured in such a way that at least a part of the light bundle of the illuminating device is deflected to the boundary area between two adjacent individual light patterns Is preferred.
(Form 43) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that the adjacent individual light patterns of the uncorrected light distribution pattern have one or a plurality of defined mutual distances.
(Form 44) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that the adjacent individual light patterns of the uncorrected light distribution pattern have a rectangular or rectangular shape, particularly when projected onto a vertical plane.
(Form 45) In the above optical structure, it is preferable that all the distances between adjacent individual light patterns are the same in the horizontal direction.
(Form 46) In the optical structure described above, it is preferable that all the distances between the adjacent individual light patterns are the same in the vertical direction.
(Form 47) In the above optical structure, the individual light pattern preferably has a width and / or height of about 1 °.
(Form 48) In the optical structure described above, the distance between two adjacent individual light patterns is preferably 0.5 ° or less and more than 0 °.
(Form 49) In the above optical structure, the distance between two adjacent individual light patterns is preferably 0.2 ° or less.
(Form 50) In the above optical structure, the distance between two adjacent individual light patterns is preferably between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °.
(Form 51) In the above optical structure, the distance between two adjacent individual light patterns is preferably 0.1 ° or less.
(Form 52) In the above optical structure, the average light intensity in the gap between two individual light patterns generated by the light bundle used for one individual light pattern is adjacent to the modified light distribution pattern. It is preferable to correspond to half of the average light intensity of the individual light pattern.
(Embodiment 53) In the optical structure described above, a part of the light bundle that generates only one individual light pattern without the optical structure is a gap region that surrounds the individual light pattern by the optical structure. It is preferably deflected to a gap region caused by the separation between the light patterns.
(Form 54) In the above optical structure, the light intensity in a gap starting from a given individual light pattern and bordering it decreases in the direction of the adjacent individual light pattern, advantageously this The decrease is preferably linear.
(Form 55) In the above optical structure, the light intensity is preferably reduced to zero.
(Form 56) In the optical structure described above, the light intensity of the gap directly bordering the edge of a given individual light pattern is the light intensity or correction of the individual light pattern of the corrected light distribution pattern at the edge. It is preferable to substantially correspond to the average light intensity of the individual light patterns of the light distribution pattern.
(Form 57) In the optical structure described above, the optical structure is arranged and / or configured so that substantially all light beams, preferably all light beams of the illumination apparatus are incident on the optical structure. It is preferable.
(Form 58) In the above optical structure, the optical structure is preferably arranged and / or configured so as to be illuminated substantially uniformly.
(Form 59) An illumination device including at least one, preferably just one of the optical structures according to any one of forms 1 to 58 is also preferable.
(Mode 60) In the lighting device according to mode 59, the lighting device is preferably a projection system.
(Form 61) In the illumination apparatus of the above form 60, the illumination apparatus preferably includes at least one light source, at least one reflector, and at least one lens, particularly a projection lens.
(Mode 62) In the illumination device according to mode 61, it is preferable that the at least one optical structure is disposed on a lens and / or an additional cover or scattering plate.
(Embodiment 63) In the illumination device of the above embodiment 59, the illumination device is preferably a reflection system.
(Mode 64) In the lighting device of mode 63, it is preferable that the lighting device includes at least one free-form reflector, at least one light source, at least one scattering plate and / or at least one cover plate. .
(Mode 65) In the illumination device according to mode 64, the at least one optical structure is arranged on the at least one scattering plate and / or the at least one cover plate and / or an additional cover or scattering plate. Preferably it is.
(Mode 66) An automobile headlight including at least one lighting device according to any one of modes 59 to 65 is also preferable.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the reference numerals attached to the claims are only for helping the understanding of the invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention to the illustrated embodiment.

Claims (69)

An optical structure (100) for an illuminating device (1) of an automobile headlight, wherein the illuminating device (1) is adapted for light emission and the light emitted from the illuminating device (1) That form a preset light distribution pattern (LV1),
Is the optical structure (100) of the illumination device (1) associated with the illumination device (1) such that the optical structure (100) is transmitted by substantially all of the light flux of the illumination device (1)? Or constituting part of the lighting device (1),
The optical structure (100) is composed of a plurality of optical structure elements (110), and the optical structure element (110) has an action of scattering light,
In the optical structure element (110), the uncorrected light distribution pattern (LV1) formed by the illumination device (1) is corrected by the optical structure (100) to a corrected light distribution pattern (LV2) that can be set in advance. To be configured, and
The optical structure element (110) has a rectangular bottom surface (202), and the surface (202) between the plurality of corner vertices (201) of the rectangular lattice (200) is exactly the bottom surface of one optical structure element (110). An optical structure that is completely covered. The corrected light distribution pattern (LV2) is formed by convolution of the uncorrected light distribution pattern (LV1) with a spread function, and the optical structure (100) has an uncorrected light distribution pattern (LV1) according to the spread function. The optical structure according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure is configured so as to be corrected by the correction. The optical structure element (110) is arranged on at least one, preferably just one, defined surface (111) of at least one, preferably just one optical element (5, 6). The optical structure according to claim 1 or 2. The optical structure element (110) modifies the light beam (LB1) through which each optical structure element (110) passes through the optical structure element (110) into a modified light beam (LB2) according to a spread function. The optical structure according to claim 2, wherein the optical structure is configured as described above. The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bottom surface of the optical structure element (110) is formed in a rectangular shape. The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the bottom surface of the optical structure element (110) is formed by a square (202). Optical structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical structure element (110) has a central ridge (110a) with a preferably circular base in its central region. The optical structure according to claim 7, wherein the base of the central raised portion (110a) extends to four boundary sides (203) of the rectangular bottom surface (202). 9. Optical structure according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the central ridge (110a) has a continuous transition over its entire surface. The optical structure according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the central raised portion (110a) has a maximum distance to the bottom surface at a geometric center point of the bottom surface. The optical structure according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the central raised portion (110a) has a minimum distance with respect to the bottom surface of the circular circumference. The optical structure according to claim 11, wherein the minimum distance of the circular circumference with respect to the bottom surface is zero. Each of the optical structure elements (110) has one apex region protuberance (110b) in its apex region, and each apex region protuberance (110b) is one side of the pyramidal protuberance (111b). The optical structure according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure is formed by: 14. All optical structure elements (110) located in contact with one corner vertex (201) of the grating contribute to the formation of pyramidal ridges (111b). Optical structure. The optical structure according to claim 14, wherein the top end (111b ') of the pyramidal ridge (111b) is located immediately above the lattice point (201) of the lattice (200). The optical structure according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure element (110) is configured symmetrically with respect to its diagonal, in particular mirror-image symmetric. In the cross-section of the pyramidal ridge (111b) cut along a plane that includes the diagonal (AA) and is perpendicular to the bottom surface (202), the apex region ridge (110b) has a substantially linear upslope. The optical structure according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein: In the cross section of the pyramidal ridge (111b) cut along a plane perpendicular to the bottom surface (202) including the boundary side (203), the apex region ridge (110b) has a substantially concave transition. The optical structure according to any one of claims 13 to 17. The optical structure according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the central raised portion (110a) and the apex region raised portion (110b) are continuously shifted with respect to each other. The optical structure is arranged on at least one, preferably just one interface, of the optical elements which are constructed in the form of the scattering plate (6) or the cover plate (6) of the illumination device (1). The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein: 21. An optical structure is arranged on at least one surface of an optical element of a lens (5) of an illuminating device (1), in particular in the form of a projection lens. The optical structure described. The optical structure according to claim 21, characterized in that the optical structure is arranged on the light exit surface (5a) of the lens (5). 23. The optical structure element (110) of the optical structure is arranged on at least one boundary surface (5a, 6a) of the optical element (5, 6). The optical structure described. 24. An optical structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all the optical structure elements (110) are configured substantially identically. 25. Optical structure according to claim 24, characterized in that all optical structure elements (110) are configured identically with respect to a plane (111) that is assumed to be flat or flat. The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that all the optical structure elements (110) are configured identically. 27. The optical structure according to claim 1, wherein the spread function is a point spread function (PSF). The dimensions of the optical structure element (110), for example the diameter (d) and / or the height (h) of the optical structure element (110), are greater than the wavelength of visible light, in particular significantly greater. Item 28. The optical structure according to any one of Items 1 to 27. 29. The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the height (h) of the optical structure element (110) is in the [mu] m region. 30. Optical structure according to claim 29, characterized in that the height (h) of the optical structure element (110) is in the range of 0.5-5 [mu] m. 31. The optical structure according to claim 30, wherein the height (h) of the optical structure element (110) is in the range of 1 to 3 [mu] m. 32. The optical structure according to claim 31, wherein the height (h) of the optical structure element (110) is approximately 2.7 [mu] m. The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein the diameter (d) or length of the optical structure element (110) is in the millimeter region. 34. Optical structure according to claim 33, characterized in that the diameter (d) or length of the optical structure element (110) is between 0.5 and 2 mm. The optical structure according to claim 34, characterized in that the diameter (d) or length of the optical structure element (110) is approximately 1 mm. The defined surface (111) on which the optical structure element (110) is arranged is partitioned by a virtual, preferably regular lattice structure (200), and the optical structure element is a lattice structure The optical structure according to claim 1, wherein the optical structure is arranged at a lattice point (201) of (200) or between a plurality of lattice points (201). 37. An optical structure element (110) is arranged at each grid point (201) of the grid structure (200) or between a plurality of grid points (201), respectively. Optical structure. Adjacent optical structure elements (110) are arranged to move relative to each other, i.e. contact each other, or a plurality of optical structure elements (110) are arranged apart from each other, i.e., not to contact each other. 38. The optical structure according to claim 36 or 37. The optical structure according to any one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that the adjacent grid points (201) have a mutual distance of approximately 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm. 40. The optical structure according to claim 1, wherein the transition from the optical structure element (110) to the defined surface (111) takes place continuously, preferably C2 continuously. . 41. An optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 40 for an illuminating device (1), wherein the illuminating device (1) has a dimmed light emitted from the illuminating device (1). In the form of a light pattern (LV1), it is configured to form an image with, in particular, a light distribution pattern for dimming, and the light distribution pattern for dimming (LV1), in particular, the light distribution pattern for dimming is a light / dark boundary (HD1). )
The optical structure (100), in particular the optical structure element (110) or the spreading function, reduces the gradient of the light / dark boundary (HD1) of the uncorrected light distribution pattern (LV1) of the illumination device (1). An optical structure characterized by being configured as described above. 42. An optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 41 for an illuminating device (1), wherein the illuminating device (1) is a dimmed arrangement of light emitted from the illuminating device (1). In the form of a light pattern (LV1), it is configured to form an image with, in particular, a light distribution pattern for dimming, and the light distribution pattern for dimming (LV1), in particular, the light distribution pattern for dimming is a light / dark boundary (HD1). )
The optical structure (100), in particular the optical structure element (110) or the spreading function, is a region (LV2 ′) where a part of the light bundle of the illumination device (1) is above the light / dark boundary (HD1, HD2). An optical structure characterized by being configured so as to form an image. 43. Optical according to claim 42, characterized in that the deflected light beam is in a region between 1.5 [deg.] And 4 [deg.] Above the HH line, in particular between 2 [deg.] And 4 [deg.] (LV2 '). Structure. 44. A light source according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that approximately 1% of the light flux of the illuminating device (1) is deflected by the optical structure into the region (LV2 ') above the light-dark boundary (HD1, HD2). Optical structure. 41. An optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 40 for an illuminating device (1), wherein the illuminating device (1) emits light from the illuminating device (1) in n rows and m columns. Are formed in the form of a plurality of individual light patterns (LS1) imaged in which n> 1, m> = 1 or n> = 1, m> 1, and In the case where a plurality of individual light patterns (LS1) together form an overall light distribution pattern (LV1), especially a high beam light distribution pattern,
The optical structure (100), in particular the optical structure element (110), or the spreading function is deflected to a boundary region between two separate light patterns in which at least a part of the light bundle of the illumination device (1) is adjacent. An optical structure characterized by being configured as described above. 46. The optical structure according to claim 45, wherein the adjacent individual light patterns (LS1) of the uncorrected light distribution pattern (LV1) have one or more defined inter-distances (d1, d2). 47. Optical structure according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that adjacent individual light patterns (LS1) of the uncorrected light distribution pattern (LV1) have a rectangular or square shape, especially when projected onto a vertical plane. body. The optical structure according to claim 46 or 47, wherein the distances (d1) between the adjacent individual light patterns (LS1) are all the same in the horizontal direction. The optical structure according to any one of claims 46 to 48, wherein all the distances (d2) between the adjacent individual light patterns (LS1) are the same in the vertical direction. The optical structure according to any one of claims 46 to 49, wherein the individual light pattern (LS1) has a width and / or height of approximately 1 °. The optical structure according to any one of claims 46 to 50, wherein distances (d1, d2) between two adjacent individual light patterns (LS1) are 0.5 ° or less and more than 0 °. 52. The optical structure according to claim 51, wherein a distance (d1, d2) between two adjacent individual light patterns (LS1) is 0.2 ° or less. The optical structure according to claim 51 or 52, wherein a distance (d1, d2) between two adjacent individual light patterns (LS1) is between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °. The optical structure according to any one of claims 51 to 53, wherein a distance between two adjacent individual light patterns (LS1) is 0.1 ° or less. The average light intensity in the gap between two individual light patterns (LS1) generated by the beam bundle used for one individual light pattern is the average of the adjacent individual light patterns (LS1) of the modified light distribution pattern. The optical structure according to any one of claims 45 to 54, which corresponds to half of the light intensity. A part of the beam bundle that generates only one individual light pattern (LS1) without the optical structure is a gap region surrounding the individual light pattern (LS1) by the optical structure, and the individual light pattern (LS1) The optical structure according to any one of claims 45 to 55, wherein the optical structure is deflected to a gap region generated by a separation between them. Starting from a given individual light pattern (LS1), the light intensity in the gap bordering it decreases in the direction of its adjacent individual light pattern (LS1), preferably this decrease is linearly 57. The optical structure according to claim 56, wherein the optical structure changes. The optical structure according to claim 56 or 57, wherein the light intensity decreases to zero. The light intensity of the gap that directly borders the edge of a given individual light pattern (LS1) is the light intensity of the individual light pattern of the modified light distribution pattern at that edge or the individual light pattern of the modified light distribution pattern ( 59. The optical structure according to claim 56, substantially corresponding to an average light intensity of LS1). The optical structure is arranged and / or configured in such a way that substantially all of the light bundles of the illuminating device (1), preferably all the light bundles, are incident on the optical structure (1). The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 59. The optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 60, wherein the optical structure is arranged and / or configured so as to be illuminated substantially uniformly.   62. Illumination device comprising at least one, preferably just one, optical structure (100) according to any one of the preceding claims. 63. Illumination device according to claim 62, characterized in that the illumination device (1) is a projection system. 64. The lighting device (1) according to claim 63, characterized in that it comprises at least one light source (3), at least one reflector (2) and at least one lens (5), in particular a projection lens. The lighting device described. 65. Illumination device according to claim 64, characterized in that the at least one optical structure (100) is arranged on a lens (5) and / or an additional cover or scattering plate. 63. A lighting device according to claim 62, characterized in that the lighting device (1) is a reflection system. The illuminating device (1) comprises at least one free-form reflector (2), at least one light source (3), at least one scattering plate (6) and / or at least one cover plate (6). The lighting device according to claim 66, wherein: The at least one optical structure (100) is arranged on the at least one scattering plate (6) and / or the at least one cover plate (6) and / or an additional cover or scattering plate. 68. A lighting device according to claim 67, wherein:   69. A vehicle headlight comprising at least one lighting device according to any one of claims 62 to 68.

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