JP2016517317A - Removable wireless device - Google Patents

Abstract

The removable wireless device includes a reusable component that is secured to a disposable component. The reusable component includes a sensor interface that receives signals from electrodes affixed to the living body and monitors physiological and physical parameters associated with the living body and a cellular wireless communication circuit. The adhesive base of the device includes a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer that partially covers the first adhesive layer around the first adhesive layer, the first and second adhesive layers having different adhesives. Including. A method for establishing a link between two wireless devices is also disclosed in which a first wireless device with a symbol representing a communication channel address identification is provided. An image of the symbol is captured using a cell phone computing device with an image sensor. The captured image is processed to extract the communication channel address identification represented by the symbol.

Description

  This application is a continuation-in-part of application No. 13 / 336,956 filed on Dec. 23, 2011, and the application of this application number is an application No. 12 / filed on Feb. 12, 2010. No. 673,326, which is a divisional application, which claims the benefit of the US national phase of PCT / US09 / 68128 filed December 15, 2009, which was filed in 2008 Claims the benefit of provisional application 61 / 122,723, filed on December 15, and this provisional application takes advantage of provisional application 61 / 160,289, filed March 13, 2009. This provisional application claims the benefit of provisional application 61 / 240,571 filed on September 8, 2009, which is a provisional application filed on October 13, 2009. 61 / 251,088 Claims the benefit, disclosures of these applications are herein incorporated by reference.

(Introduction)
The present disclosure relates generally to a removable wireless device. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a removable wireless device configured to monitor at least one parameter and wirelessly communicate the at least one monitored parameter to a communication network. The communication network communicates at least one monitored parameter to a remote device, such as a backend server, via the communication network or other wide area network. The at least one monitored parameter includes, but is not limited to, skin impedance, electrocardiogram signal, conducted transmission current signal, wearer location, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, among other physiological and physical parameters. , Humidity, altitude / pressure, global positioning system (GPS), proximity, bacterial level, blood glucose level, chemical marker, blood oxygen concentration.

  The current wearable wireless device architecture then passes Bluetooth (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark), passing data collected on a remote server via a wired connection, legacy telephone service (POTS), cellular data, etc. ) Communicate to hubs, base stations, phones using low power wireless protocols such as low energy (BLE) ZigBee, ANT, dedicated, and the like. New mobile chipset allows cellular data modems / phones to be incorporated into personal wireless wearable devices, thereby simplifying overall system design / increasing usability while reducing service costs .

  Additional problems with current wearable wireless devices include high costs for manufacturing electronic parts, user discomfort associated with long-term wearing of one or more adhesive parts in contact with the skin, and the like.

(Summary)
In one aspect, a removable wireless device is provided. The removable wireless device comprises a reusable component that is configured to be secured to a disposable component. The reusable component is configured to receive a signal from at least one electrode configured to be secured to a living body and to monitor one or more physiological and physical parameters associated with the living body. A sensor interface and a cellular wireless communication circuit.

  In another aspect, an adhesive base for a removable wireless device is provided. The remountable adhesive base includes a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer that partially covers the first adhesive layer around the first adhesive layer. The first adhesive layer includes a first adhesive, and the second adhesive layer includes a second adhesive.

  In yet another aspect, a method for establishing a link between two wireless devices is provided. According to the method, the first wireless device is provided with a symbol representing a communication channel address identification. An image of the symbol is captured using a cell phone computing device with an image sensor. The captured image is processed to extract the communication channel address identification represented by the symbol.

  Still in another aspect, a removable wireless device according to the present disclosure comprises a reusable component and a disposable component. Reusable components may comprise mobile chipsets, energy sources, sensors, and the like. The disposable component, whether human or animal, may comprise an electrode and / or an adhesive for adhering the disposable component to the living skin. The disposable component may comprise at least two forms of adhesive.

FIG. 1 illustrates one aspect of a wireless communication system comprising a removable wireless device with a mobile chipset. FIG. 2 is a system diagram of one aspect of a removable wireless device. FIG. 3 is a block functional diagram of one aspect of an integrated circuit component of the electronic module of the reusable component of the removable wireless device shown in FIGS. FIG. 4 illustrates one aspect of the event marker system. FIG. 5 illustrates one side of a disposable component comprising an adhesive base, electrodes (shown in perspective), electrical contacts, and a mechanical snap-in connection mechanism. 6 is a perspective top view of one side of a reusable component comprising an electronics module located within a housing configured to mate with the mechanical snap-in connection mechanism of the disposable component shown in FIG. It is. FIG. 7 is a perspective bottom view of one side of the reusable component. FIG. 8 illustrates one aspect of the reusable component. FIG. 9 illustrates one side of the adhesive overlay. FIG. 10 illustrates one aspect of a removable wireless device comprising a reusable component and a disposable component. FIG. 11 illustrates one side of an adhesive base that is secured to an object. 12A and B illustrate one aspect of a process for capturing an input / output (I / O) address and personal identification number (PIN) image located on the bottom portion of a reusable component. FIG. 13 is a three-dimensional view of an external signal receiver according to one aspect. FIG. 14 provides an exploded view of the signal receiver shown in FIG. 10 according to one aspect. FIG. 15 provides an exploded view of the adhesive patch component of the signal receiver shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, according to one aspect. 16A-16E provide various views of a two-electrode external signal receiver according to one aspect.

(Description)
Prior to describing various embodiments of wireless wearable devices, systems, and methods in detail, the various embodiments disclosed herein are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and description in their application or use. Note that it is not limited to the use of part structure and arrangement. Rather, the disclosed embodiments may be located or incorporated in other embodiments, variations and modifications thereof, and may be practiced or carried out in various ways. Thus, the embodiments of the wireless wearable device, system, and method disclosed herein are illustrative in nature and are not meant to limit the scope or use thereof. Further, unless otherwise indicated, the terms and expressions employed herein are chosen for the convenience of the reader for purposes of describing the embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. . In addition, any one or more of the disclosed embodiments, representations of the embodiments, and / or examples is not limiting, but is disclosed in other disclosed embodiments, embodiments thereof. And / or can be combined with any one or more of the examples.

  In the following description, like reference characters designate similar or corresponding parts throughout the several views. Also, in the following description, it should be understood that terms such as front, back, inside, outside, top, bottom, and the like are terms for convenience and should not be construed as limiting terms. The terminology used herein is not meant to be limiting as long as the devices described herein or portions thereof can be attached or utilized in other orientations. Various embodiments are described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

  The present disclosure generally relates to a wireless wearable apparatus for monitoring at least one physiological and / or physical parameter associated with a wearer of a wearable wireless device and for communicating the monitored parameter to a communication device. , Systems, and methods are directed to various aspects. The communication device is configured to communicate monitored parameters remotely via a network.

  The term “drug” or “dosage form” as used throughout this disclosure is, for example, tablets, capsules, gel capsules, placebos, overencapsulated carriers or media, herbs, sold over-the-counter (OTC). Various forms of ingestible, inhalable, injectable, absorbable, or otherwise consumable drugs such as substances, dietary supplements, prescription drugs, ingestible event markers (IEMs), and the like It will be understood to include a carrier for them.

  FIG. 1 illustrates one aspect of a removable wireless device 102 that includes a mobile chipset, eg, a wireless device 100 that includes a single or multiple chip cellular wireless modem. In one aspect, the removable wireless device 102 is removably attachable to a living body 104, such as a person or other biological organism. In one aspect, the removable wireless device 102 is configured to monitor at least one parameter. The at least one monitored parameter may include, for example, a physiological and / or physical parameter associated with the subject. For example, the reloadable wireless device 102 can include, but is not limited to, skin impedance, electrocardiogram signal, conducted transmission current signal, wearer location, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, among other physiological and physical parameters. , Humidity, altitude / pressure, global positioning system (GPS), proximity, bacterial level, blood glucose level, chemical marker, blood oxygen concentration may be configured.

  In one aspect, the mobile phone is configured to wirelessly communicate at least one monitored parameter via a communication network to a back end or remote server or remote node 106 via the communication network. In one aspect, the communication network is a cellular network or cellular communication network 108. The mobile chipset allows the removable wireless device 102 to create and receive data via a wireless link while moving around a large geographic area. This is done by connecting to the cellular communication network 108 provided by the mobile phone operator and allowing access to the public telephone network. The communication network communicates with other networks 110 or the Internet 112 to access the backend server 106. The amount of data transmitted by the removable wireless device 102 may be, for example, about 10 kilobytes per day to about 100-150 kilobytes per day.

  In one aspect, when the removable wireless device 102 is activated, the mobile chipset is used to initiate wireless transmission of information associated with the monitored parameters. Information associated with the monitored parameters may include, for example, raw measurement data, processed data, and / or any combination thereof. Information may also include, among other information, identification number, patient identification information (eg name, address, phone number, email, social network web address), dosage unit identification, ingestible event marker system identification, administration The time and date stamp when the form package was opened and the time and date stamp when the ingestible event marker system was ingested and activated by the patient may be included.

  When the detachable wireless device 102 is activated, the detachable wireless device 102 communicates with the mobile phone tower 114 and the base station (BS) 116 and accesses the Internet 112 via the cellular communication network 108. Can do. Thus, information received by the removable wireless device 102 from the subject 104 can be communicated to the remote node 106 via the Internet 112 or other network 110. The processing system 120 at the remote node 106 receives the information and stores it for processing by the database 118.

  Still referring to FIG. 1, the remote node 106 includes a processing system 120 communicatively coupled to a database 118. Information associated with all subjects 104, eg, patients, including identity and drug type and dose, may be stored in database 118. The processing system 120 receives information from the removable wireless device 102 and accesses information in the database 118 associated with the remote node 106 to provide information to the caregiver through the removable wireless device 102. . The remote node 106 communicates information including identification of the patient for identification, types of medications available to the care provider, and confirmation of the types and doses of medications that the care provider selects and delivers to the patient. be able to. The reattachable wireless device 102 can periodically transmit the remote node 106 in real time using any communication mode and frequency available on-site, such as wireless, G2, G3, G4, etc., periodically based on a predetermined time delay. And can be stored and later transferred.

  The mediator of communication between the removable wireless device 102 and the remote node 106 includes one or more networks. In various aspects, the network can transmit, but is not limited to, the Internet, wired channels, wireless channels, telephones, computers, electrical wires, wireless, optical or other electromagnetic channels, and data / transmit data A local area network (LAN) as well as a wide area network (WAN), including communication devices, including combinations thereof, including other devices and / or components associated with For example, the communication environment includes various communication modes such as in-body communication, various devices, wireless communication, wired communication, and a combination of the communication.

  The processing system 120 at the remote node 106 may comprise a server configured as desired, for example, to provide object-oriented permissions. For example, the server can monitor the warnings and trends generated by the server and provide assistance to the patient through an interface (such as a web interface) that allows the family caregiver to target the treatment plan. May be configured to allow participation. The server may also be configured to provide responses directly to the patient, for example in the form of subject alerts, subject motives that are relayed to the patient via a communication device. The server also uses data processing algorithms to obtain subject health and compliance measures, such as health index summaries, alerts, patient-to-patient benchmarks, etc., and provide patients with informed clinical communication and assistance May interact with medical professionals, eg, RNs, physicians. The server may interact with pharmacies, nutrition centers, and pharmacies.

  In one aspect, the remote node 106 may store in the database 118 the time and date that the dosage form was taken by the subject 104. In addition, when the event marker system is provided in a dosage unit, the time and date stamp when the event marker system was ingested by the patient may also be stored in the database 118. In addition, for example, single or multiple dose packaging, type of packaging (single, multiple, morning, noon, night, daily, weekly, monthly medication events, etc.), individual patient identification, prepackaging date, source, And an identification number, such as a serial number, that identifies the contents of the package, may be stored in the database 118. In some aspects, the expiration date or shelf life of one or all of the drugs or dosage forms may also be stored in the database 118.

  The mobile chipset in the removable wireless device 102 provides two-way data communication between the removable wireless device 102 and the cellular communication network 108 via the mobile phone tower 114. In one aspect, when the subject 104 ingests a dosage form comprising an event indicator system, the event indicator system receives a unique signature from the event indicator system and includes various electronic modules for communicating with the cellular communication network 108. Communicating with the removable wireless device 102. It will be appreciated that in various aspects, the removable wireless device 102 may be configured to communicate with access points as well as other mobile devices. Thus, the removable wireless device 102 can effectively communicate with the remote node 106 over the Internet 112 through a local area network (LAN) or cellular communication network 114.

  In other aspects, the removable wireless device 102 can be triggered to initiate data transmission to the cellular communication network 108 based on various triggers. These triggers include, but are not limited to, timers, real-time clocks, events, detection of ingestion of event marker systems, detection of specific codes received from event marker systems, specific monitored parameters or such Receiving the value of the monitored parameter, receiving trigger data from the cellular communication network 108.

  FIG. 2 is a system diagram of one aspect of the removable wireless device 102. In one aspect, the removable wireless device 100 is a two-part device that includes a disposable component 202 and a reusable component 204. The reusable component 204 comprises an electronics module. The electronics module of the reusable component 204 comprises a wireless communication circuit 206 such as a mobile chipset RF radio circuit or simply a cellular radio. The electronics module of the reusable component 204 includes an ASIC-based sensor platform 208 that includes a hardware architecture and software framework to implement various aspects of the removable wireless device 102. In one aspect, the ASIC-based sensor platform 208 may be disposed on and interfaced with a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA). The wireless communication circuit 206 may be a low power mobile chipset and is configured to connect to the cellular network 108 as well as other wireless devices (especially mobile phones, smartphones, tablet computers, laptop computers, gateway devices). The The disposable component 202 interfaces with the PCBA and the first electronic module 204. In one aspect, the electronic module 204 and the disposable component 202 may each include additional modules that reside on or out of the PCBA, or in another aspect, may be disposed on the PCBA.

  In one aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 provides a sensor platform, includes circuitry designed to interface with different sensors, and includes various combinations of the following components. In various aspects, the reusable electronic module 204 ASIC-based sensor platform has multiple functions: software defined radio for detection of ingestible event markers, ECG sensing and decoding, AC skin impedance measurement, temperature measurement Analog front end, vector in a single low power ASIC / chip with “ASIC based sensor platform” 208 with DC skin impedance (eg, GSR) measurements, as well as other biological / medical data sensors Provide a combination of digital signal processing, microprocessor, and memory.

  In one aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 includes an ASIC sensor platform 208, a controller or processor 210, eg, a microcontroller unit (MCU), radio frequency, among other components described later herein. (RF) wireless communication circuit 206.

In one aspect, the ASIC portion 208 of the reusable electronic module 204 includes, among other components, a core processor 210 such as, for example, an ARM Cortex ^™ M3 processor for real-time applications, such as a Vector Math accelerator, a program memory, and the like. Signal processing accelerator such as, data memory, for example, serial interface such as SPI, universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART), two-wire multi-master serial single-ended bus interface (I2C), general-purpose input / output (GPIO), real-time clock An analog / digital converter (ADC), a gain and adjustment circuit for biopotential signals, and a light emitting diode (LED) driver. The reusable electronic module 204 also includes a connection port to an external memory, a connection port to an external sensor, and a hardware accelerator. The processor 210 receives signals from each of the sensors by operating an analog front end for the analog sensor and by receiving digital data from the sensor with an ADC digitizer. The processor 210 then processes the data and stores the results in the memory 212 in the form of a data record. In one aspect, the processor 210 may have a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor architecture.

In one aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 also includes a universal serial bus 234 (USB), an accelerometer 222, a memory 212, one or more LEDs 236, a test interface 238 (I / F), A 32 KHz crystal 226, a user button 240 that can be used to initiate a communication connection with an external device, a sensor interface 216, 218, and a battery 214 (eg, coin cell, primary battery cell). In one aspect, the battery 214 may be a rechargeable battery rather than a primary battery battery. In other aspects, the reusable electronic module 204 may comprise a gyroscope and circuitry for processing ECG, temperature, and accelerometer signals. In another aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 also monitors the functional oxygen saturation of arterial blood by calculating the ratio of hemoglobin capable of transporting oxygenated oxygen and oxygen, and the biological components and SpO _{A two-} pulse oximetry circuit may be provided. The SpO2 pulse oximetry circuit may be configured to provide continuous non-invasive measurement of SpO2, and in one aspect can display plethysmographic waveforms. The heart rate value may be derived from a pulse oximetry signal.

  In one aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 includes an RF wireless communication circuit 206. The RF wireless communication circuit 206 connects (establishes a link with) an antenna for transmitting and receiving wireless signals, a transmitter circuit, a receiver circuit, and another external wireless device, as described in more detail below. And a link master controller including a mechanism for transferring data. In one aspect, the link master controller establishes a connection with an external device. As a link master, a link master controller controls data transmission via a link to an external device, including timing control and high-frequency control (channel hopping). The link master controller sends a signal to the external device along with instructions that give the number of data records stored in memory (total number of all data records and total number of records of each data type). In various aspects, the RF wireless communication circuit 206 includes, but is not limited to, Tegra by Nvidia, Snapdragon by Qualcomm, OMAP by Texas Instruments, Exyno by Samsung, Ax by Apple, NovaThor by ST-Ericsson, Int. Freescale Semiconductor by i. It may be implemented using mobile chipsets available from various vendors, including MX, RK3xxx by Rockchip, A31 by AllWinner. Such mobile chipsets are otherwise known in the art as “mobile”, “wireless”, “cell phone”, “cell phone”, “handphone (HP)”, “smartphone”, among others. Adopted by mobile phones.

  After each connection, processor 210 continues to receive all sensor signals, process the data, and store a new data record in memory 212. In response to each subsequent connection, the link master controller sends a signal to the external device with a new data record since the last connection to confirm that the record was successfully transmitted. The link master controller receives a signal from the external device that establishes whether the external device is ready to receive the data record, and also receives a signal from the external device that establishes which data record was not successfully transferred. Receive. The link master controller avoids repeated transmission of data records that have already been transmitted, improves the power usage of the battery 214 during longer operation, and retransmits all data records that were not successfully transferred. The link master controller may later remove all or some successfully transferred data records from memory (eg, when memory 212 is full).

  In one aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 includes sensor interfaces 216, 218 between the electrodes 220a, 220b (E1, E2) and one or more bandpass filters or channels. The sensor interfaces 216, 218 provide an analog front end and may include a programmable gain or fixed gain amplifier, a programmable low pass filter, a programmable high pass filter. The sensor interfaces 216, 218 may comprise an active signal conditioning circuit including, for example, a strain gauge measurement circuit. Some channels receive low frequency information associated with physiological data of the subject (eg, user), and other channels receive high frequency information associated with electronic devices within the subject. In one alternative aspect, an additional channel is provided for receiving the DC data of interest. The high frequency information is passed to a digital signal processor (DSP) implemented in the ASIC portion 208 and then to the processor 210 (eg, control processor) portion of the removable wireless device 102 for decompression and decoding. The low frequency information is either passed to the DSP portion of the ASIC portion 208 and then to the processor 210 or directly to the processor 210. The DC information is passed directly to the processor 210. The DSP portion of ASIC portion 208 and processor 210 decode high frequency, low frequency, and DC information or data. This information is then processed and prepared for transmission.

In one aspect, signal processing may or may not be applied to the collected raw data. Signal processing may occur in real space, complex space, or polar coordinate space. Functions include filters such as finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR), mixer, fast Fourier transform (FFT), codec, and others. The raw data may simply be stored and processed downstream. Signal processing may occur within a processor (eg, ARM Cortex ^™ M3) or may occur within a signal processing accelerator that is incorporated within the ASIC portion 208.

  In one aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 includes an accelerometer 222 and one or more temperature sensors 224. In one aspect, two temperature sensors are provided that are the same but installed at different locations (one in proximity to the skin and the other to measure additional data. In close proximity). The temperature sensor 224 may be configured to measure and record skin, ambient, and circuit board temperatures. The temperature sensor 224 may be used to measure heat flow between the skin and the ambient temperature sensor. In one aspect, the one or more temperature sensors 224 are thermistor devices with a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) or a positive temperature coefficient (PTC), and in another aspect, the temperature sensor 224 or sensor is Use integrated semiconductor devices. This information can be provided to the processor 210, processed by the processor 210, and prepared for transmission by the transmitter portion of the RF wireless communication circuit 206. The measured physiological information may be processed by processor 210 and transmitted as real-time or raw data, or derived quantities or parameters may be transmitted.

  In one aspect, the accelerometer 222 may be a 3-axis accelerometer with a resampling frequency correction processor. The digital accelerometer 222 sensor typically includes a MEMS-based acceleration sensor element, a digitizer, and digital interface control logic. Typically, these accelerometers use a resistor-capacitor (RC) oscillator with low accuracy and strobe the digitizer sampling input. In order to employ such a signal from the accelerometer 222 in the signal processing algorithm, the accuracy of the RC oscillator is not sufficient. Thus, in one aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 comprises an accelerometer sampling frequency correction processor that takes the signal from the accelerometer 222 and performs resampling to compensate for RC oscillator errors.

  In one aspect, the accelerometer 222 sampling frequency correction processor includes a reference clock (high accuracy oscillator), a fixed upsample block, a digital filter, a programmable downsample block, and timing of signals from the accelerometer and reference clock. And a control circuit for selecting a downsampling coefficient based on the comparison. The resampling function keeps the reference clock aligned within the sliding window and generates a precise sampling rate. The algorithm calibrates the real time 32 kHz clock (X-Tal) 226. The accelerometer 222 sampling frequency correction processor sets a downsampling factor for each frame of data from the accelerometer signal. This approach results in continuously tracking the timing of the accelerometer signal and selecting a downsampling factor to minimize cumulative timing errors. This allows the continuous accelerometer 222 digital data to be aligned to a highly accurate and accurate clock.

  In one aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 employs a low power, low memory data storage and transfer scheme. In one aspect, the storage and transfer of data in the memory 212 of the removable wireless device 102 is optimized for low power and low memory usage. Each sensor data is stored in the memory 212 as a record with a type identifier. The record is transferred to the external device as a packet payload by the RF wireless communication circuit 206 in the same format as that stored on the wireless wearable sensor 100. Records are stored continuously, with variable length to optimize space usage. A data directory is included that allows high speed record read access from the memory 212. A data directory is included that enables high-speed counting of data records by type.

  In one aspect, the reusable electronic module 204 employs a reliable integrity data storage and transfer scheme. The removable wireless device 102 memory storage and transfer scheme is designed for reliable data integrity. For each data record stored in the memory 212 of the removable wireless device 102, there is an error detection code that can be used to detect data record corruption. Prior to the data packet transfer to the external device, the error detection code is checked when the removable wireless device 102 reads data from the memory 212. When the removable wireless device 102 detects corruption of the stored data record, an error signal is transmitted by the RF wireless communication circuit 206 to the external device. Each packet forwarded from the removable wireless device 102 to the external device contains an error detection code that can be used by the external device to detect packet corruption.

  In one aspect, the signal processing accelerator portion of the ASIC portion 208 includes a computing engine that is optimized to implement high efficiency signal processing tasks. In one implementation, the signal processing functions are hard coded in the logic. Such an implementation may be 10 times more efficient than software-based algorithms implemented in software running on the processor 210 or microcontroller unit. Efficiency may be chip size, power consumption, or clock speed, or some combination of all three. Another implementation maintains a level of programmability, but utilizes an execution unit that is optimized for computation. One example is an FFT butterfly engine. This engine allows FFT calculations for various size data sets, but can maintain significant efficiency improvements over software running on the processor 210. The execution unit may also be a multiply-accumulate unit (MAC), which is a general DSP function block, or may be a floating point calculation unit, a basic FIR filter, or the like. In these cases, the efficiency for a given integrated circuit process exceeds that of software on processor 210, but less than that of dedicated hardware, however, they are much more flexible.

  The signal processing accelerator maintains an interface between the processors 210. The interface may include first in first out (FIFO) registers, dual port memory, direct memory access (DMA) engine of processor 210, and / or registers. The interface typically includes some form of conflict recognition or avoidance that can be handled at the register level or memory block level. The mechanism involved is a register flag set that can be polled by the processor 210 and the signal processing accelerator, a block or delay function that holds read or write requests until a higher priority device completes its activity. An interrupt may be included to signal either.

  In one aspect, the disposable component 202 is a reusable electronic module on a PCBA with one or more sensors attached for interface to monitored items (people, animals, machines, buildings, etc.) 204. In one aspect, the disposable component 202 includes a flex circuit 228, a battery holder or housing (cover), and without limitation, ambient and body temperature (temperature) 230 (biological or otherwise), ECG, GSR, among others. / Skin Potential Activity (EDA) 232, biological components (50 Hz), SpO2 / pulse oximetry, one or more sensors including strain gauges. Various algorithms executed by the ASIC portion 208 or the processor 210 provide, among other things, heat flow, HR, HRV, breathing, stress, ECG, pace, body angle, fall detection.

  In one aspect, the flex circuit 228 includes interface components that electrically interface with electrical circuits on the PCBA. Flex circuit 228 provides a platform for configurability and allows multiple sensor configurations to interface electrically with a single physical PCBA and with reusable electronic module 204. In one aspect, the stainless steel dome electrodes 220a, 220b of the GSR / EDA sensor 232 are electrically coupled to PCBA via a flex circuit 228.

  The removable wireless device 102 collects data from various sensors, applies signal processing algorithms to the collected data, stores the resulting information in memory, and uses either a wireless or wired connection. Automatically transfer data / information to another device. The user interface consists of one or two LEDs 214 and a push button 234.

  Power is provided from the primary battery 214, but can also be supplied from a secondary battery. The battery 214 portion of the electronics module of the reusable component 204 has a peak current that is sufficient to support cellular radio using a rechargeable Li + or LiPO (lithium polymer or lithium prismatic battery) which is the preferred type. However, other primary and secondary battery types are contemplated. In some aspects, the disposable component may include a battery when a primary battery is used. In some aspects, the reusable component may contain electronics and a battery 214, assuming a secondary battery is used. The removable wireless device 102 may include a recharger to recharge the reusable module. The subject 104 may be provided with a plurality of reusable components to ensure continuity of use while the reusable components are being recharged. The device size may be in the 25cc range for short-term implementation, and the form factor of the removable wireless device 102 decreases as semiconductor device and battery technology improves. Battery size may typically be limited by mobile chipset peak current draw rather than capacity. In most use cases, the current draw of the mobile chipset is limited by disabling / powering off the chip and powering the chip periodically (several times a day) to transmit data Will.

  One of the challenges of putting cellular radio into the removable wireless device 102 is the power source, ie the battery 214. A cellular wireless cellular wireless communication device 206 that would draw a peak current of about 700 to about 800 milliamps can be a challenge to be achieved with the battery 214. A rechargeable battery 214 such as a lithium polymer or lithium prismatic battery as a power source can supply sufficient current under peak load. Another key feature is that the removable wireless device 102 lasts for a week or two, typically when the cell phone battery lasts only a few days or a few days. In order to extend the battery life of the removable wireless device 102 from about 1 week to about 3 weeks, the connection to the Internet 112 (FIG. 1) may be limited to several times a day. The removable wireless device 102 can store data in the memory 212 and store the data in an internal buffer. Thus, it may be possible to connect to the Internet 112 several times a day, or even up to 10 times a day. During connection to the Internet, the removable wireless device 102 can turn off the wireless communication device 206. In one aspect, the removable wireless device 102 can be in a deep sleep state or sleep state that consumes only a few microamps of current instead of hundreds of microamps or milliamps while idle.

  A capacitor may be employed across the battery 214 to smooth the 800 milliamp peak from a 100-200 milliamp reference current draw. A sufficiently large capacitor can effectively reduce what is considered a peak load by the battery 214. The capacitor may be a super capacitor, for example. Using this technique, for example, a 300 milliamp hour battery may be sufficient to provide 800 milliamps.

  The removable wireless device 102 can wake up from the sleep state on either a timing basis or an event basis. In one aspect, the removable wireless device 102 has its own low power microcontroller that operates continuously. Event marker detection algorithms, ECG sensing, heart rate sensing, and other physiological sensing functions operate continuously and connect to cellular network 108 (FIG. 1) and Internet 112 (FIG. 1) when the timer expires. Then, the wireless communication circuit 206 is activated. In another aspect, the wireless communication circuit 206 can wake from a sleep state based on events such as activity data determined by the accelerometer 222, for example. Events or activities such as detection of arrhythmia will require immediate download. The event may include subject 104 (FIG. 1) pressing user button 234. In some situations, the event may be a lack of activity. Or it may be that the object 104 has fallen or that the data indicates an abnormal walk through the accelerometer 222. In one aspect, the removable wireless device 102 may comprise a microphone device. Accordingly, the wireless communication circuit 206 can be activated based on a wheezing event caused by asthma or rapid breathing. The lack of medication can also trigger the wireless communication circuit 206 to exit sleep mode.

  The mobile chipset also utilizes a user interface (UI) provided on the removable wireless device 102 to activate / power it, and by using voice recognition to dial it It may be used as a telephone for voice communication. The UI may include a push button 234, an accelerometer 222 with pattern recognition capability, a speaker, and a microphone.

  The disposable component 202 is for adhering the electrode 220a, 220b and the wearable wireless device 102, which has a typical lifetime of about 3 to about 10 days for most people, to the skin of the subject 104 (FIG. 1). One or more types of adhesives may be included. Sensor data includes ECG data (via hydrogel electrodes 220a, 220b), acceleration measurement data in up to three axes, temperature data, skin adjacent temperature (thermistor), ambient temperature (or case temperature away from the body) (thermistor). ), Temperature on PCBA (silicon device embedded in ASIC portion 208), GSR, EDA (discrete stainless steel electrode), high frequency, sampled via conduction through hydrogel skin electrode (same as ECG) 10 KHz and higher internal electrical signals may be included.

  As shown, the removable wireless device 102 may include a memory 212. In various aspects, the memory 212 may comprise any machine-readable or computer-readable medium capable of storing data, including both volatile and non-volatile memory. For example, the memory may be a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a double data rate DRAM (DDR-RAM), a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a programmable ROM ( PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory (eg NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory (eg ferroelectric polymer) Memory), phase change memory (for example, ovonic memory), ferroelectric memory, silicon / oxide / nitride / oxide / silicon (SONOS) memory, disk memory (for example, floppy (registered trademark)) Disk, hard drive, optical disk, magnetic disk), or card (e.g., magnetic card, optical card), or information may include any other type of media suitable for storing.

  The removable wireless device 102 may include a processor 210 such as a central processing unit (CPU). In various aspects, the processor 210 may be a general purpose processor, chip multiprocessor (CMP), dedicated processor, embedded processor, digital signal processor (DSP), network processor, media processor, input / output (I / O) processor, media access control. A microprocessor, such as a (MAC) processor, a wireless baseband processor, a coprocessor, a multiple instruction set computer (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor, and / or a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor; Alternatively, it may be implemented as another processing device. The processor may also be implemented by a controller, microcontroller, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), programmable logic device (PLD), and the like.

  In various aspects, the processor 210 may be arranged to execute an operating system (OS) and various mobile applications. Examples of OS include, for example, an operating system generally known under the trademark Microsoft Windows® OS, and any other dedicated or open source OS. Examples of mobile applications include, for example, phone applications, camera (eg, digital camera, video camera) applications, browser applications, multimedia player applications, game applications, messaging applications (eg, email, short message, multimedia), Includes viewer applications.

  In various aspects, the processor 210 may be arranged to receive information through a communication interface. The communication interface comprises any suitable hardware, software, or combination of hardware and software that can couple the removable wireless device 102 to one or more networks and / or devices. Also good.

  Wireless communication modes include any communication mode between points that utilizes wireless technology, including at least in part, various protocols and combinations of protocols associated with wireless transmissions, data, and devices. Points include, for example, wireless devices such as wireless headsets, audio and multimedia devices and equipment such as audio players and multimedia players, telephones including mobile phones and cordless phones, and computer-related devices and components such as computers and printers including.

  Wired communication modes include any communication mode between points that utilizes wired technology, including various protocols and combinations of protocols associated with wired transmission, data, and devices. Points include, for example, audio and multimedia devices and equipment such as audio players and multimedia players, phones including mobile phones and cordless phones, and devices such as computer-related devices and components such as computers and printers.

  In various aspects, the communication interface is, for example, one of a wireless communication interface, a wired communication interface, a network interface, a transmission interface, a reception interface, a media interface, a system interface, a component interface, a switching interface, a chip interface, a controller, etc. More interfaces may be provided. For example, when implemented by a wireless device or within a wireless system, the local node 106 comprises a wireless interface comprising one or more antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, amplifiers, filters, control logic, etc. May be included.

  In various aspects, the removable wireless device 102 may provide voice and / or data communication capabilities according to different types of cellular radiotelephone systems. In various implementations, the described aspects may communicate via a wireless shared medium according to several wireless protocols. Examples of wireless protocols include: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.802.11a / b / g / n, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, and the like. Various wireless local area network (WLAN) protocols may be included, including xx-sequence protocols. Other examples of wireless protocols are: GSM (R) cellular radiotelephone system protocol using GPRS, CDMA cellular radiotelephone communication system using 1xRTT, EDGE system, EV-DO system, EV-DV system, HSDPA system Various wireless wide area network (WWAN) protocols may be included. Further examples of wireless protocols are Bluetooth specification versions with wireless personal area network (PAN) protocols such as infrared protocols, extended data rate (EDR) and one or more Bluetooth profiles. Protocols from the protocol of the Bluetooth (registered trademark) Special Interest Group (SIG) series including v1.0, v1.1, v1.2, v2.0, and v2.0 may be included. Still other examples of wireless protocols may include near-field communication techniques and protocols, such as electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques. Examples of EMI techniques may include passive or active radio frequency identification (RFID) protocols and devices. Other suitable protocols may include Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Digital Office (DO), Digital Home, Trusted Platform Module (TPM), ZigBee, etc.

  In various implementations, the described aspects may comprise part of a cellular communication system. Examples of cellular communication systems include: CDMA cellular radiotelephone communication system, GSM cellular radiotelephone system, North American digital cellular (NADC) cellular radiotelephone system, time division multiple access (TDMA) cellular radiotelephone system, enhanced TDMA (E-TDMA) cellular radiotelephone system, narrowband advanced mobile telephone service (NAMPS) cellular radiotelephone system, WCDMA (registered trademark), CDMA-2000, third generation partnership project (3GPP) UMTS cellular radiotelephone A third generation (3G) wireless standard system such as a system, a fourth generation (4G) wireless standard, or the like may be included.

  Further, in various aspects, the removable wireless device 102 may incorporate and / or associate with, for example, communicate with various devices. Such a device may generate, receive, and / or communicate data, eg, physiological data. Devices include, for example, “intelligent” devices such as gaming devices, eg, electronic components associated with electronic slot machines, handheld electronic games, games and recreational activities.

  In addition to the standard voice functionality of the phone, various aspects of the mobile phone include short message service (SMS) for text messaging, email, packet switching for accessing the Internet, Java games, wireless, eg short distance Many additional services and accessories may be supported, such as data / voice communications, infrared, cameras with video recorders, and multimedia messaging systems (MMS) for sending and receiving photos and videos. Some aspects of the mobile phone connect to a cellular network of base stations (cell sites), which in turn are interconnected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN), or in the case of a satellite phone, satellite communications. Various aspects of a mobile phone can be connected to the Internet, where the mobile phone can be used to navigate at least a portion thereof.

  Some embodiments use machine-readable media or components that can store instructions or a set of instructions that, for example, when executed by the machine, cause the machine to perform the methods and / or actions according to the embodiment. May be implemented. Such machines may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computer system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, of hardware and / or software Any suitable combination may be implemented. A machine-readable medium or component may be, for example, any suitable type of memory unit, memory device, memory component, memory medium, storage device, storage component, storage medium, and / or storage unit, such as memory, removable or Non-removable media, erasable or non-erasable media, writable or rewritable media, digital or analog media, hard disk, floppy disk, compact disk readable memory (CD-ROM), compact recordable Disc (CD-R), rewritable compact disc (CD-RW), optical disc, magnetic disc, magneto-optical disc, removable memory card or disc, various types of digital versatile disc (DVD), tape, cassette, Alternatively, an equivalent may be included. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiler-type code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. The instructions can be any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiler-type and / or C, C ++, Java, BASIC, Perl, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, etc. Or it may be implemented using an interpreted programming language.

  In various aspects, the removable wireless device 102 also functions to communicate, eg, receive and transmit non-physiological data. Examples of non-physiological data include, for example, game rules and data generated by a separate heart-related device such as an implanted pacemaker and transmitted directly or indirectly to the hub.

  The removable wireless device 102 may include additional functionality typically found in other mobile devices such as, for example, personal communication devices, handheld devices, and cell phones. In various aspects, the removable wireless device 102 can be a handheld portable device, a computer, a mobile phone, sometimes referred to as a smartphone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a kiosk, a desktop computer, or a laptop computer, or any of them. The functionality found in a combination of Examples of smartphones include, for example, products generally known under the following trademarks, among others: Blackberry, iPhone, Android, Windows (R) Phone. Although some aspects of the removable wireless device 102 may be described using mobile or stationary computing devices implemented as smartphones, personal digital assistants, laptops, desktop computers, by way of example, various aspects include It can be understood that this is not a limitation. For example, mobile computer devices include laptop computers, ultra-thin laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, mobile phone / PDA combinations, mobile units, subscriber stations, user terminals, portable computers, handhelds With any type of wireless device such as a computer, palmtop computer, wearable computer, media player, pager, messaging device, data communication device, mobile station, or portable computing device with built-in power source, eg battery Or may be implemented as such. Fixed computer devices may be implemented as, for example, desktop computers, workstations, client / server computers, and the like.

  FIG. 3 is a block functional diagram 300 of one aspect of the integrated circuit component of the electronics module of the reusable component 204 of the removable wireless device 102 shown in FIGS. In FIG. 3, the reusable component 204 electronics module of the removable wireless device 102 includes an electrode input 310. The electrode input 310 is electrically coupled with a transbody conduction communication module 320 and a physiological sensing module 330. In one aspect, the transbody conduction communication module 320 is implemented as a first, eg, high frequency (HF) signal chain, and the physiological sensing module 330 is implemented as a second, eg, low frequency (LF) signal chain. Implemented. Also shown is a CMOS temperature sensing module 340 (for detecting ambient temperature) and a 3-axis accelerometer 350. The removable wireless device 102 also receives and / or receives data from a processing engine 360 (eg, a microcontroller and digital signal processor), non-volatile memory 670 (for data storage), and a cellular communications network. And a wireless communication module 380 including a mobile chip set for transmitting data. In various aspects, the communication modules 320, 380 may comprise one or more transmitter / receiver ("transmitter / receiver") modules. As used herein, the term “transceiver” may be used in a very general sense to include, but is not limited to, a transmitter, a receiver, or a combination of both. . In one aspect, the transbody conduction communication module 320 is configured to communicate with the event marker system 420 (FIG. 4).

  The sensor 316 typically contacts the object 104 (FIG. 1) and is removably attached to the torso, for example. In various aspects, the sensor 616 may be removable or permanently attached to the removable wireless device 102. For example, the sensor 316 may be removably connected to the removable wireless device 102 by snapping a metal stud. The sensor 316 may comprise various devices capable of sensing or receiving physiological data, for example. The type of sensor 316 includes, for example, an electrode such as a biocompatible electrode. The sensor 316 may be configured as, for example, a pressure sensor, motion sensor, accelerometer, electromyogram (EMG) sensor, event marker system, biopotential sensor, electrocardiogram sensor, temperature sensor, tactile event marker sensor, and impedance sensor. Good.

  Feedback module 318 may be implemented using software, hardware, circuitry, various devices, and combinations thereof. The function of the feedback module 318 is to provide communication with the subject 104 (FIG. 1) in a careful and sensible manner, as described above. In various aspects, the feedback module 318 may be implemented to communicate with the subject 104 using techniques that employ visual, audio, vibration / tactile, olfactory, and taste.

  FIG. 4 illustrates one aspect of the event marker system 420. In various aspects, the event marker system 420, as described above, to determine the origin of a drug and to confirm that at least one drug of the correct type and correct dose has been delivered to the patient. And in some aspects, it can be used in conjunction with any medication to determine when the patient is taking the medication. However, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the environment and pharmaceuticals that can be used with the system 420. For example, the system 420 may place the system 420 in air in a wireless mode, then in a galvanic mode by placing the capsule in a conducting fluid, or a combination thereof, or exposing the system 420 to air. It may be activated by any of the above. Once placed in a conducting fluid, for example, the capsule will dissolve over a period of time and release the system 420 into the conducting fluid. Thus, in one aspect, the capsule will contain the system 420 and will not contain any product. Such capsules may then be used with any product in any environment where conductive fluid is present. For example, the capsule may be dropped into a container filled with jet fuel, salt water, tomato sauce, motor oil, or any similar product. In addition, the capsule containing the system 420 may be taken at the same time as any medication is taken to record the occurrence of an event, such as when the product is taken.

  In a specific example of a system 420 combined with a drug or pharmaceutical, the system 420 is activated in an galvanic mode when the product or tablet is ingested or exposed to air. The system 420, for example, controls conductance to generate a unique current signature that is detected by the removable wireless device 102, thereby indicating that a medication has been ingested. When activated in wireless mode, the system controls the modulation of the capacitive plate to generate a unique voltage signature associated with the detected system 420.

  In one aspect, the system 420 includes a framework 422. Framework 422 is a chassis for system 420 and a plurality of components are attached to, deposited on, or secured to framework 422. In this aspect of system 420, digestible material 424 is physically associated with framework 422. Material 424 may be chemically deposited on the framework, evaporated onto it, affixed thereto, or accumulated thereon, all of which are referred to herein as “deposition” with respect to framework 422. May be referred to. Material 424 is deposited on one side of framework 422. Target materials that can be used as material 424 include, but are not limited to, Cu, CuCl, or Cul. Material 424 is deposited by physical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, or plasma vapor deposition, amongst several other protocols. The material 424 may be about 0.05 μm to about 500 μm thick, such as about 5 μm to about 100 μm thick. The shape is controlled by shadow mask deposition or photolithography and etching. In addition, even if only one region is shown for depositing material, each system 420 is capable of depositing two or more electrically unique materials 424 that can be deposited as desired. A region may be contained.

  On a different side, which is the opposite side as shown in FIG. 7, another digestible material 426 is deposited, where the materials 424, 426 are dissimilar and insulated from each other. Although not shown, the different side selected may be the side next to the side selected for material 424. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the aspect selected, and the term “different aspect” can mean any of a plurality of aspects different from the first selected aspect. In various aspects, dissimilar materials may be located at different locations on the same side. Furthermore, although the shape of the system is shown as a square, the shape may be any geometrically suitable shape. The materials 424, 426 are selected to create a voltage potential difference when the system 420 is in contact with a conducting liquid, such as body fluid. Target materials for material 426 include, but are not limited to, Mg, Zn, or other electronegative metals. As indicated above with respect to material 424, material 426 may be chemically deposited on the framework, evaporated thereon, affixed thereto, or accumulated thereon. Also, an adhesive layer may be necessary to help material 426 (as well as material 724 when required) adhere to framework 722. A typical adhesive layer for material 426 can be Ti, TiW, Cr, or similar materials. The anode material and adhesion layer may be deposited by physical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, or plasma vapor deposition. The material 426 may be about 0.05 μm to about 500 μm thick, such as about 5 μm to about 100 μm thick. However, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the thickness of any of the materials, nor by the type of process used to deposit or adhere the material to the framework 422.

  According to the present disclosure described, the materials 424, 426 can be any pair of materials with different electrochemical potentials. In addition, in embodiments where the system 420 is used in vivo, the material 424, 426 may be a vitamin that can be absorbed. More specifically, the materials 424, 426 can be made of any two materials that are appropriate for the environment in which the system 420 will operate. For example, when used with an ingestible product, the materials 424, 426 are any pair of materials with different electrochemical potentials that are ingestible. Illustrative examples include when system 420 is in contact with an ionic solution such as stomach acid. Suitable materials are not limited to metals, and in certain embodiments, the mating material is selected from a pair consisting of metals and non-metals, eg, metals (such as Mg) and salts (such as CuCl or Cul). . With respect to the active electrode material, any pairing of materials with suitably different electrochemical potentials (voltages) and low interfacial resistance, ie, metals, salts, or intercalation compounds is suitable.

  Target materials and combinations include, but are not limited to, those reported in Table 1 below. In one embodiment, one or both of the metals may be doped with a non-metal, for example, to enhance the voltage potential generated between the materials when in contact with the conducting liquid. Non-metals that can be used as doping materials include, but are not limited to, sulfur, iodine, and the like in certain embodiments. In another embodiment, the material is copper iodide (Cul) as the anode and magnesium (Mg) as the cathode. Aspects of the present disclosure use electrode materials that are not harmful to the human body.

  Thus, when the system 420 is in contact with a conducting fluid, a current path is formed between the dissimilar materials 424, 426 through the conducting fluid. A control device 428 is secured to the framework 422 and electrically connected to the materials 424 426. The control device 428 includes control logic that can control and change the conductance between the electronic circuits, eg, the materials 424,426.

  The voltage potential generated between the dissimilar materials 424, 426 provides power to operate the system and generates a current through the conducting fluid and the system 420. In one aspect, the system 420 operates in a direct current mode. In an alternative aspect, the system 420 controls the direction of the current so that the direction of the current is periodically reversed, similar to the alternating current. When the system reaches the conducting fluid or electrolyte, the path for the current between the dissimilar materials 424, 426 is external to the system 420 when the fluid or electrolyte component is provided by a physiological fluid, such as gastric acid. Once completed, the current path through the system 420 is controlled by the control device 428. The completion of the current path allows the current to flow and, in turn, a receiver not shown detects the presence of the current and the system 420 is activated and the desired event is occurring or has occurred. Can be recognized.

  In one embodiment, the two dissimilar materials 424, 426 are similar in function to the two electrodes required for a DC power source, such as a battery. The conducting liquid plays the role of the electrolyte required to complete the power supply. The complete power source described is defined by the physical chemical reaction between the dissimilar materials 424, 426 of the system 420 and the surrounding fluid of the body. A completed power source may be considered a power source that utilizes reverse electrolysis in ionic or conductive solutions such as gastric fluid, blood, or other body fluids, and some tissues. In addition, the environment may be something other than the body and the liquid may be any conductive liquid. For example, the conduction fluid may be salt water or a metallic paint.

  In one aspect, the two dissimilar materials 424, 426 are shielded from the surrounding environment by an additional layer of material. Thus, voltage electricity is generated when the shield is dissolved and the two dissimilar materials 424, 426 are exposed to the target site.

  In one aspect, the completed power supply or power supply is comprised of active electrode materials such as current collectors and packaging, electrolytes, and inactive materials. An active material is any pair of materials with different electrochemical potentials. Suitable materials are not limited to metals, and in certain embodiments, the mating material is selected from a pair consisting of metals and non-metals, eg, metals (such as Mg) and salts (such as Cul). With respect to the active electrode material, any pairing of materials with suitably different electrochemical potentials (voltages) and low interfacial resistance, ie, metals, salts, or intercalation compounds is suitable.

  A variety of different materials may be employed as the material forming the electrode. In certain embodiments, the electrode material is selected to provide a voltage upon contact with a target physiological site, eg, the stomach, sufficient to drive the identifier system. In certain embodiments, the voltage provided by the electrode material upon contact of the power source metal with the target physiological site includes 0.5 volts or higher and includes 1.0 volts or higher. Higher than 0.1V, including higher than 0.01V, such as higher than 0.3V, and in some embodiments, the voltage is about 0 It ranges from about 0.001 volts to about 10 volts, such as .01V to about 10V.

  Still referring to FIG. 4, the dissimilar material 424, 426 provides a voltage potential to activate the control device 428. Once the control device 428 is activated or powered on, the control device 428 can change the conductance between the first and second materials 424, 426 in a unique manner. By changing the conductance between the first and second materials 424, 426, the control device 428 can control the magnitude of the current through the conducting liquid surrounding the system 420. This produces a unique current signature that can be detected and measured by a receiver (not shown) that can be located inside or outside the body. The receiver was filed on December 15, 2009 and published as 2010-0312188 A1, dated December 9, 2010, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, “BODY- Further details are disclosed in US patent application Ser. No. 12 / 673,326 entitled “ASSOCIATED RECEIVER AND METHOD”. In addition to controlling the magnitude of the current path between the materials, the “IN-BODY DEVICE WITH VIRTUAL DIPOLE SIGNAL SIGNAL” filed on Sep. 25, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In order to increase the “length” of the current path and thus act to increase the conductance path, as disclosed in US patent application Ser. No. 12 / 238,345 entitled “AMPLIFIcation”. , Membranes, or “skirts” are used. Alternatively, throughout this disclosure herein, the terms “non-conductive metal”, “membrane”, and “skirt” do not affect the scope of this specification or the embodiments and claims, Used interchangeably with the term “current path expander”. The skirts indicated by portions at 425, 427 are each associated with the framework 422 and may be secured thereto, for example. Various shapes and configurations of the skirt are considered within the scope of the various aspects of the present invention. For example, the system 420 may be completely or partially surrounded by a skirt, and the skirt may be positioned along or off-center with respect to the central axis of the system 120. Thus, aspects of the invention as claimed herein are not limited by the shape or size of the skirt. Further, in other embodiments, the dissimilar materials 424, 426 may be separated by a single skirt that is positioned within any defined area between the dissimilar materials 424, 426.

  System 420 may be grounded through a ground contact. System 420 may also include a sensor module. During operation, an ion or current path is established between the first material 424 and the second material 426 through the conducting fluid in contact with the system 420. The voltage potential generated between the first and second materials 424, 426 is generated through a chemical reaction between the first and second materials 424, 426 and the conducting fluid. In one aspect, the surface of the first material 424 is not planar, but rather is an irregular surface. Irregular surfaces increase the surface area of the material and hence the area in contact with the conducting fluid.

In one aspect, at the surface of the first material 424, there is a chemical reaction between the material 424 and the surrounding conducting fluid such that there are lumps released into the conducting fluid. The term lump here refers to protons and neutrons that form matter. One example includes the moment when the material is CuCl and when it is in contact with a conducting fluid, CuCl becomes Cu (solid) and Cl ⁻ in solution. Inflow of ions into the conducting fluid is via an ion path. Similarly, there is a chemical reaction between the second material 426 and the ambient conducting fluid and ions are trapped by the second material 426. The release of ions at the first material 424 and the trapping of ions by the second material 426 are collectively referred to as ion exchange. The rate of ion exchange, and thus the ion release rate or flow, is controlled by the control device 428. The control device 428 can increase or decrease the velocity of the ion flow by changing the conductance, changing the impedance between the first and second materials 424, 426. Through controlling ion exchange, the system 420 can encode information in the ion exchange process. Thus, the system 420 uses ion ejection to encode information in ion exchange.

  The control device 428 can change the duration of the fixed ion exchange rate or current magnitude while keeping the velocity or magnitude approximately constant, similar to when the frequency is modulated and the amplitude is constant. The control device 428 can also change the level of ion exchange rate or the magnitude of the current while keeping the duration approximately constant. Thus, the control device 428 encodes information in the current or ion exchange, using various combinations of changes in duration and changing the speed or magnitude. For example, the control device 428 may perform any of the following techniques: binary phase shift keying (PSK), frequency modulation (FM), amplitude modulation (AM), on / off keying, and on / off keying. The accompanying PSK may be used, but is not limited thereto.

  Various aspects of the system 420 may include electronic components as part of the control device 428. Components that may be present include, but are not limited to, logic and / or memory elements, integrated circuits, inductors, resistors, and sensors for measuring various parameters. Each component may be affixed to the framework and / or to another component. The components on the surface of the support may be laid out in any convenient configuration. An interconnection may be provided if two or more components are present on the surface of the solid support.

  System 420 controls the conductance between dissimilar materials, and thus the rate or current of ion exchange. Through varying the conductance in a specific manner, the system can encode information in ion exchange and current signatures. Ion exchange or current signatures are used to uniquely identify a particular system. In addition, the system 420 can generate a variety of different unique exchanges or signatures, thus providing additional information. For example, a second current signature based on a second conductance change pattern may be used to provide additional information, which may be related to the physical environment. To further illustrate, the first current signature may be a very low current state that maintains an oscillator on the chip, and the second current signature is at least a current state associated with the first current signature. The current state may be 10 times higher.

  5-10 illustrate various aspects of a removable wireless device. The removable wireless device comprises a reusable component and a disposable component. The reusable component generally comprises an electronics module and a power source. Disposable components generally comprise a skin electrode and a skin adhesive.

  The electronics module is a durable component, meaning that its lifetime exceeds the lifetime of some or all of the remaining components. The electronics module lifetime can be up to several years. Skin adhesive is a consumable component with a lifetime that is less than the lifetime of the durable component and less than its usable lifetime. The typical lifetime of skin adhesives can range from less than 24 hours to 14 days or more. The skin electrodes and power source may be either durable or consumable components, depending on the technology chosen to implement these components. The lifetime of skin electrodes can range from less than 24 hours to several years, depending on the type. Depending on the type, the power source can have a life of less than 24 hours to several years. Electronic devices, electrodes, and power supplies are all considered electrical or electronic components. The removable wireless device also includes one other feature, namely a means for interconnecting electronic components.

  The removable wireless device allows user placement of consumable components, allows high cost components, durable components to be used repeatedly, and reduces the overall cost of using the system. FIGS. 5-10 illustrate three aspects of a removable wireless device: a snap-in module, an overlay module, and a wire module.

  FIGS. 5-7 illustrate one aspect of a snap-in modular removable wireless device comprising a reusable component and a disposable component configured to be secured to a user via an adhesive layer. To do. FIG. 5 illustrates one side of a disposable component 500 comprising an adhesive base 502, electrodes 504a, 504b (shown in perspective), electrical contacts 506a, 506b, and a mechanical snap-in connection mechanism 508. The electrodes 504a and 504b are electrically connected to the electrical contacts 506a and 506b. The mechanical snap-in connection mechanism 508 includes projecting elements 510a, 510b that project at a right angle toward the central portion of the mechanical snap-in connection mechanism 508.

  FIG. 6 illustrates one reusable component 600 comprising an electronics module located within a housing 602 configured to mate with the mechanical snap-in connection mechanism 508 of the disposable component 500 shown in FIG. It is a perspective top view of a side. The housing 602 of the reusable component 600 engages the respective protruding elements 510a, 510b so that the reusable component 600 fits into and is retained by the mechanical snap-in connection mechanism 508. Recesses 604a and 604b (not shown) formed in the housing 602 are provided.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective bottom view of one side of the reusable component 600. The bottom portion 606 of the reusable component 600 comprises electrical contacts 702a, 702b configured to electrically couple to electrical contacts 506a, 506b in the mechanical snap-in connection mechanism 508. Thus, the electrical signals detected by the electrodes 504a, 504b are coupled to the reusable component electronics module through the electrical contacts 702a, 702b. The electronics module is located within the housing 602 of the reusable component 600. The electronic device module is functionally equivalent to the electronic device module shown in FIG. In addition, the bottom portion 606 of the reusable component 600 may further comprise a communication channel I / O address 704a and a PIN 704b that uniquely identifies the electronics module of the reusable component 600. Modern wireless communication between two devices requires an address and PIN exchange to establish a link. The I / O address and PIN 608 may be provided on a label printed directly on the bottom portion 606 or other portion of the housing 602 or by any other suitable means.

  The reusable component 600 with the electronics module is a durable device, and the adhesive base 502 and the electrodes 504a, 504b are consumables. The power source, ie the battery, can be either consumable or durable. When the battery is packaged in the skin adhesive base 502 envelope, it is a consumable item. LiMn coin cells will typically be used with capacities matched to ensure a battery life comparable to the skin adhesive base 502. Alternatively, the battery may be a durable component that is packaged with the electronics module. A rechargeable battery can be used and a means to recharge the battery, either through a connector or through an induction coil, must be provided. Because the electronics module is otherwise low power, a primary battery can also be used, and the primary battery provides significantly higher energy density than the secondary battery. Electrical means for connecting the disposable component 500 and the reusable component 600 is provided by electrical spring contacts 506a, 506b, 702a, 702b incorporated into the respective components.

  The disposable component 500 may be constructed with a flex circuit to form electrodes 504a, 504b for interconnection and in conjunction with one or more hydrogels. The housing 602 of the reusable component 600 comprises a plastic component and provides a means for latching the electronics module on the adhesive base 502, and the entire reusable component 600 is housed by a closed cell foam. Is done. The skin adhesive base 502 is probably provided to secure the removable radio device while the hydrocolloid is activated and to avoid leaching the hydrocolloid from the side of the removable radio device. As a primary adhesive with an acrylic type, it is a composite type with a hydrocolloid.

  FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate one aspect of a removable wireless device comprising a reusable component 800 and a disposable component 900 configured to be secured to a user via an adhesive overlay 902. To do. FIG. 8 illustrates one side of the reusable component 800 and FIG. 9 illustrates one side of the adhesive overlay 902. 8 and 9, the durable reusable component 800 comprises an electronics module, skin electrodes 802a, 802b, and a power supply configuration, and the disposable component 900 has a skin adhesive overlay. Only 902 is provided. There is no electrical interconnection outside the reusable component 800. The power source may be implemented as described in connection with FIGS. 5-7 for the snap-in module. The electrodes 802a and 02b may be dry or capacitance type. In this case, the skin adhesive overlay 902 holds the reusable component 800 with the electronics module in place, but with the module, hydrocolloid for primary skin adhesion, and functions as described above. A three-part composite material with a central section 904 may be provided that is configured not to produce a sticky build-up on the accompanying acrylic.

  FIG. 10 illustrates one aspect of a removable wireless device that includes a reusable component 1000 and a disposable component 1002. The electrodes 1004a and 1004b are attached to the target. The electrodes 1004a, 1004b are attached to the electronics module of the reusable component 1000 via corresponding electrode terminals 1006a, 1006b. The removable wireless device shown in FIG. 10, in this case, the electronic equipment and the power source is durable. Skin electrodes and adhesives are consumables. The electronics and power supply are packaged in the housing 1008 of the reusable component 1000 so that the subject adheres to the garment otherwise worn by the subject instead of the skin. Most commonly this will be done via a spring clip, but other means such as Velcro® or adhesive may be used. As illustrated in FIG. 10, common ECG electrodes 1004a, 1004b may be employed in combination with an electronics module to form a removable wireless device. Alternatively, the electrodes 1004a, 1004b can be incorporated into a single unit that ensures proper spacing of the electrodes 1004a, 1004b. The interconnection between the electrodes 1004a, 1004b and the electronics module is provided by two conductor cables 1010a, 1010b coupled to the corresponding electrode terminals 1006a, 1006b. Connector 1012 may be coupled to a plug receptacle in the electronics module or the connection may be fixed. A connector 1012 may be provided on either end of the cable.

  FIG. 11 illustrates one side of an adhesive base 1100 that is secured to an object. The adhesive base 1100 may be used in conjunction with any of the removable wireless devices disclosed herein. The adhesion and length of adhesion of any adhesive-based wearable device can be affected by different levels of sensitivity, different skin types, activity levels, and the body shape of the subject. Thus, in one aspect, the adhesive base 1100 does not irritate the user's skin at the same time, is comfortable to wear, is not too large, and remains attached over the design life, regardless of user variability, by the user It is equipped with an adhesive system that is simple to apply.

  In one aspect, the adhesive base 1100 for a reusable wearable device is configured with an adhesive system that uses two different adhesive layers 1102, 1104 to achieve these functionalities. The primary adhesive layer 1102 is a hydrocolloid adhesive known to be very weak to the user's skin and can be easily tolerated by most users for a period extending beyond about 7 days. However, the primary adhesive layer 1102 does not have the most durable adhesion to the skin and is susceptible to excessive moisture absorption. The secondary adhesive layer 1104 partially covers the primary adhesive layer 1102 and is used to create a periphery around the hydrocolloid primary adhesive layer 1102. The secondary adhesive layer 1104 is configured to have a stronger adhesion to the skin and serves to prevent the edge 1106 of the adhesive base 1100 from peeling from the skin. In one aspect, the primary adhesive layer 1102 is distributed over a surface area greater than the surface area over which the secondary adhesive layer 1104 is distributed. The outer secondary adhesive 1104 is a clue to a long wearing time. If this perimeter remains intact, the patch can remain attached for about 7 to about 14 days.

  As explained above, each user and their activities can affect the adhesion of the adhesive periphery 1106. Accordingly, the adhesive base 1100 is added to the base hydrocolloid primary adhesive layer 1102 component and a secondary adhesive layer 1104 configuration that is added to the reusable wearable device to create an edge seal and attach the adhesive base 1100 to the user. As a disposable component of a reusable wearable device. The secondary adhesive layer 1104 may be acrylic or cyanoacrylate based when a more permanent bond is used. Although not limited, other secondary adhesive layers 1104 may be employed. The secondary adhesive 1104 may be provided to the subject as an accessory. Each reusable wearable device can be provided with a plurality of secondary adhesive layer 1104 strips to allow easy replacement and reattachment of the reusable wearable device. The secondary adhesive layer 1104 can also be supplied in different versions with different levels of adhesive and different amounts of adhesive surface area to accommodate different usage requirements. This will allow the reusable wearable device to be worn and used as long as the battery allows based on programming. In one aspect, the adhesive base 1100 may be adapted and configured to be employed with the reusable wearable device shown in FIGS. 5-7. In another aspect, with the addition of an overlay portion 1108, shown in perspective to show that it is optional, the adhesive base 1100 can be employed with the reusable wearable device shown in FIGS. 8-9. It may be adapted and configured.

  In various aspects, the reusable wearable device, disposable component, and reusable component described in connection with FIGS. 1, 2, and 6-12 described throughout this disclosure are various. May be interconnected by any suitable technique. For example, disposable and reusable components include Zebra connectors, surface mount technology (SMT) battery connectors, cellular / cell phone battery connector concepts, bent battery connections on EM, omnidirectional seals with conductive rubber Interconnected via a piercing connector with a connection, a hook and loop connector commonly referred to as a Velcro® connection and Velcro® pin, and a simple electrode surface trace on a disposable component The thumbtack is pierced through the trace, the tip of the thumbtack enters the module, and the thumbtack head acts as an electrode.

  FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram illustrating a process for capturing images of communication channel I / O addresses 1204a and PIN 1204b located on the bottom portion 1202 of the reusable component 1200. FIG. In one aspect, a reusable wearable wireless device, such as reusable component 1200, may not include a cell phone chipset as previously discussed, and only short-range radio to provide wireless communication It may contain. In such an implementation, the short-range radio in the electronics module of the reusable component 1200 may be used to access the remote server 106 as described in connection with FIG. , Configured to exchange information with a local mobile phone or other local wireless communication device to access a wide area network such as other network 110. The short range radio in the electronics module of the reusable component 1200 must be paired with a local mobile phone in order for the two devices to communicate without interference. Modern wireless communication between two devices requires the exchange of I / O addresses 1204a and PIN 1204b to establish an authenticated encrypted link. An example of this is Bluetooth, where the address uniquely identifies the device in an environment where many similar devices can operate. It is a way that multiple people can use different Bluetooth headsets simultaneously without interference while multiple people are in the same room. PIN 1204b adds a level of security to prevent unauthorized use of hardware devices, such as headsets, that dial confidential calls. Thus, the reusable component 1200 of the wearable wireless device includes an I / O address 1204a and PIN 1204b associated with the short-range radio.

  According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a reusable component 1200 equipped with a short-range radio downloads data from the cellular network 108 and from there, as discussed in detail with respect to FIG. Wireless links can be used to connect to other networks 110 or the Internet 112. Currently, Bluetooth (registered trademark) is a general and widely available short-range radio standard that can be used in mobile phones, and it is considered that standards such as BLE may be common in the future. . Accordingly, the present disclosure should not be limited in this regard.

  In one aspect, the electronics module of the reusable component 1200 may be paired with a mobile phone for the electronics module to access the external network 108, 110, 112, or remote server 106. This communication may be a weekly exercise, assuming that the reusable component 1200 has a lifetime of at least one week. Currently, in order to make a wireless wearable device discoverable, the subject is responsible for the task of activating the wireless wearable device to the mobile phone by pressing the external button switch to make the wireless wearable device discoverable. ing. Once the button is pressed, the short-range radio broadcasts its I / O address 1204a and PIN 1204b to every device in range. The subject then manually selects the I / O address from the list of devices found in the area, copies the PIN 1204b from the label 1214 on the wearable electronics module (or from its packaging), and presses the key on the phone Using the pad / keyboard, it is entered into the mobile phone and an encrypted link is created between the devices based on it. The manual technique of entering the I / O address 1204a and PIN 1204b is inherently prone to errors and malfunctions, so pairing fails when the I / O address 1204a and PIN 1204b are entered incorrectly. Alternatively, based only on the broadcasted I / O address 1204a, an unencrypted link may be created between the two devices and used to exchange the PIN 1204b. PIN 1204b is used to create an encrypted link that is used for further communications. The risk is that the exchange on PIN 1204b can be intercepted and the secure link can be compromised.

  To overcome certain limitations inherent in this manual process, in one aspect, a new technique is employed in which a camera phone 1210 is employed to capture an I / O address 1204 and optionally an image 1212 of a PIN 1204. Is provided as shown in FIG. 12B. I / O address 1204, and optionally PIN 1204, is located on reusable component 1200 as a symbol in a form that is recognizable by a machine, human, or a combination thereof. As shown in FIG. 12, the I / O address and PIN are provided on a label that is attached to the bottom portion 1202 of the reusable component 1200. Most current mobile phones (smartphones) are extremely powerful computer devices that include a built-in image sensor / camera with very high resolution, so a smartphone 1210 (or a suitable mobile phone) equipped with a built-in camera is It will be appreciated that the / O address and PIN 1204 image 1212 may be employed to be captured.

  In one aspect of the proposed pairing scheme, the subject 104 uses a smartphone 1210 camera to capture an image 1212 of the label 1214 on the reusable component 1200. Label 1214 may have both device I / O address 1204a and PIN 1204b, or only PIN 1204b printed thereon. The print may be human readable characters or machine readable characters such as bar codes or quick response (QR) codes. The matching software application running on the smartphone 1210 converts the captured image 1212 into data, ie device I / O address 1204a and / or PIN 1204b, and thus extracts the PIN from the image 1212 captured by the OCR software. In order to do so, an optical character recognition (OCR) algorithm is used. The application may also use pattern recognition algorithms to assist the operator in diagnosing errors in the pairing process. For example, if the label or device outline is too small in the image field, the camera is too far from the device. If no label or device outline is recognized, the reusable component 1200 is not located in front of the smartphone 1210 camera or is too close to the smartphone 1210 camera. Once the smartphone 1210 has obtained the I / O address 1204a and PIN 1204b for the reusable component 1200, the pairing can be safely completed without further manual intervention from the subject 104.

  The receiver may include a signal receiver element that serves to receive a conducted transmission signal, such as a signal emitted by an ingestible event marker identifier. The signal receiver may include a variety of different types of signal receiver elements, where the nature of the receiver element necessarily varies depending on the nature of the signal generated by the signal generating element. In certain aspects, the signal receiver element may include one or more electrodes for detecting a signal emitted by a signal generating element such as two or more electrodes, three or more electrodes, etc. Good. In one aspect, the receiver device will be provided with two or three electrodes that are distributed at a distance from each other. This distance allows the electrodes to detect the voltage difference. The distance can vary and in one aspect ranges from 0.1 cm to 1.0 m, such as from 0.1 cm to 5 cm, such as from 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm, and the distance is in some cases 1 cm.

  An embodiment of the external signal receiver side of the intended receiver is shown in FIG. FIG. 13 shows a receiver 1001 configured to be placed on an external local site of interest such as the chest. The receiver includes a top housing plate 1110 (as can be fabricated from a suitable polymer material), a manually depressible action button 1020, and a relay to the observer that the receiver is operating. And a status identifier LED 1030 that may be used. A manually depressible action button 1020 can be manually operated to transition the receiver from storage mode to non-storage mode. When the receiver is in storage mode, the receiver's microcontroller may always remain in a low duty cycle active state to process input from the on / off button, and the receiver's digital signal processor (DSP). May be turned off. When the on / off button is pressed to turn on the receiver, the microcontroller debounces the input and puts the DSP in its idle state. While in storage mode, the device may draw less than 10 μA, including 5 μA current, such as 1 μA or less, and including 0.1 μA or less. This configuration allows the device to remain above 90% useful battery life when stored over a month (assuming the presence of a 250 mAH battery). Such buttons may also be employed for other functions. For example, such a button may be employed to instruct the receiver to acquire some type of data. Additionally or alternatively, such buttons may be employed to manually instruct the receiver to transfer data to another device.

  FIG. 14 provides an exploded view of the receiver shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, the receiver 1001 includes a top housing plate 1110, a rechargeable battery 1101, an integrated circuit component 1120, and a bottom housing plate 1130. Bottom housing plate 1130 fits into top housing plate 1110 to seal the battery and integrated circuit components 1101 and 1120 in a fluid tight housing. Although snap-fitting interaction is illustrated, the top and bottom housing plates can be held together via a suitable adhesive that can interact via an interlocking groove, or can be welded together. Any convenient meshing method may be employed. In some cases, the electronic components may be molded into the top and / or bottom housing plates. Also shown is an adhesive patch 1140 that fits into the upper housing plate 1110 and includes conductive studs 1141-1143, which serve as electrode contacts with the body during use of the receiver. In the receiver, the studs 1141-1143 are in electrical contact with the integrated circuit component 1120 via, for example, wires or other conductive members associated with the upper housing 1150. In some cases, the upper housing plate 1110 is in turn configured to receive studs 1141-1143 coupled to wires (not shown) that provide an electrical connection to the integrated circuit component 1120. including.

  FIG. 15 provides an exploded view of the adhesive patch 1140. The adhesive patch 1140 includes upper studs 1141, 1142, and 1143, as described above. These studs are in electrical contact with skin contact studs 1151, 1152, and 1153. There is a conductive hydrogel layer 1154 on the skin-side surface of the skin contact studs 1151, 1152, and 1153. Around each stud 1151, 1152, and 1153 is a non-conductive hydrogel 1155 and a pressure sensitive adhesive 1156 component. In this part, any convenient and physiologically acceptable adhesive may be employed. In some cases, adhesives are employed that change their adhesive properties in response to an applied stimulus. For example, the adhesive remains strong while it is desired that the receiver remain associated with the body, but is easily weakened to facilitate removal of the receiver from the body when desired. In this way, an adhesive that becomes low-adhesive when light, for example, ultraviolet light, or a chemical substance is applied may be employed. On the non-skin side of each skin contact stud is a layer of dry electrode material such as Ag / AgCl. On the top surface of this layer of dry electrode material is a porous layer such as a vinyl carbon layer. An upper backing layer 1180 is also shown. Although not shown, the upper studs 1141-1143 are in electrical contact with a dry electrode and skin contact stud positioned under each upper stud through a backing layer 1180 (eg, urethane and polyethylene). As shown, the studs are off-center with respect to their dry electrode layers in the direction of the outer edge of the patch in a manner sufficient to increase the dipole size between any two given studs. ing. In addition, if desired, a conductivity gradient may be associated with each stud, for example, by changing the pattern of the porous layer 1170 and / or modifying the composition of the dry electrode layer. Of interest in such aspects is where the conductivity gradient increases the conductivity in the direction of the outer edge of the patch.

  16A-16E provide various views of an alternative external patch configuration 1300 that includes two electrodes 1310 and 1320 in a flexible structure having an adhesive bandage configuration. Patch 1300 includes a top flexible outer support 1330 and a bottom flexible support 1350 that also fit as shown in FIG. 16E to encapsulate integrated circuit / battery component 1360 and electrodes 1310 and 1320. including. As shown in FIG. 16D, the bottom surfaces of the electrodes 1310 and 1320 are exposed. As shown in FIG. 16E, electrodes 1310 and 1320 include lead elements 1375 and 1370 that provide electrical contact between the electrodes and integrated circuit / battery component 1360. Any convenient adhesive component such as those described above may be employed.

  Reference to either “an aspect” or “an aspect” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that aspect is included within at least one aspect, Deserves special mention. Thus, throughout the specification, the phrases “in one aspect” or “in an aspect” in various places are not necessarily all referring to the same aspect. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects.

  Some aspects, along with their derivatives, may be described using the expressions “coupled” and “connected”. It should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. For example, some aspects may be described using the term “connected” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. In another example, some aspects may be described using the term “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact. . However, the term “coupled” can also mean that two or more elements do not directly contact each other but still cooperate or interact with each other.

  While certain aspects of features have been illustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents will occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the aspects.

Claims (28)

A reusable component configured to be secured to a disposable component comprising:
A sensor interface configured to receive a signal from at least one electrode configured to be secured to a living body and to monitor one or more physiological and physical parameters associated with the living body;
A cellular radio communication circuit;
Comprising a reusable component,
device. The remountable wireless device of claim 1, further comprising the disposable component. The removable wireless device of claim 2, wherein the disposable component comprises the at least one electrode. 4. The removable wireless device of claim 3, wherein the disposable component comprises a mechanical snap-in connection mechanism for receiving the reusable component therein. The reusable wireless device of claim 4, wherein the reusable component comprises a housing and a recess formed in the housing for coupling to the mechanical snap-in connection mechanism. The re-attachable wireless device of claim 4, wherein the mechanical snap-in connection mechanism comprises first and second projecting elements. The reattachable wireless device of claim 4, wherein the mechanical snap-in connection mechanism comprises at least one electrical contact for electrically coupling to the at least one electrode. The removable wireless device according to claim 2, wherein the disposable device includes an adhesive layer for adhering to a living body. The reusable wireless device of claim 1, wherein the reusable component comprises at least one electrical contact for electrical connection to the at least one electrode. The reusable wireless device of claim 1, wherein the reusable component comprises the at least one electrode. A disposable component, the disposable component comprising:
A non-adhesive portion configured to cover the reusable component;
An adhesive portion configured to adhere to a living body;
Comprising an overlay layer,
The reattachable wireless device according to claim 10. The reusable wireless device of claim 2, wherein the reusable component comprises an electrical plug receptacle for electrically coupling the at least one electrode to the reusable component. The disposable component is:
A first adhesive layer;
A second adhesive layer partially covering the first adhesive layer around the first adhesive layer;
The first adhesive layer includes a first adhesive, and the second adhesive layer includes a second adhesive.
The remountable device according to claim 2. A first adhesive layer;
A second adhesive layer partially covering the first adhesive layer around the first adhesive layer;
The first adhesive layer includes a first adhesive, and the second adhesive layer includes a second adhesive.
Removable adhesive base for wireless devices. 15. The wireless device re-use according to claim 14, wherein the first adhesive layer is a weak skin adhesive and the second adhesive layer is a more durable adhesive than the first adhesive. Wearable adhesive base. The reattachable adhesive base for a wireless device according to claim 15, wherein the first adhesive includes a hydrocolloid adhesive, and the second adhesive includes an acrylic adhesive. The reattachable adhesive base for a wireless device according to claim 16, wherein the second adhesive comprises a cyanoacrylate adhesive. The remountable adhesive base for a wireless device according to claim 15, wherein the first adhesive covers a larger surface area covered by the second adhesive. Providing a symbol representing a communication channel address identification to a first wireless device;
Capturing an image of the symbol using a mobile phone computing device comprising an image sensor;
Processing the captured image to extract the communication channel address identification represented by the symbol;
Including a method. Providing a symbol representing a personal identification number communication channel address identification to the first wireless device;
20. The method of claim 19, comprising processing the captured image to extract the personal identification number represented by the symbol. The symbol representing the personal identification number is in a human readable form, and processing comprises executing an optical character recognition machine readable code by a processor of the mobile phone computing device; and text representing the personal identification number 21. The method of claim 20, comprising extracting information. The symbol representing the personal identification number is in a human readable form, and processing comprises executing a barcode recognition machine readable code by a processor of the mobile phone computing device and text representing the personal identification number 21. The method of claim 20, comprising extracting information. The symbol representing the personal identification number is in a human readable form, and processing comprises executing a quick response (QR) code recognition machine readable code by a processor of the mobile phone computing device; And extracting information representative of the number. Pairing the first and second wireless communication devices via the secure encrypted link using the extracted communication channel address identification and the extracted personal identification number represented by the symbol 21. The method of claim 20, comprising the step of: The symbol representing the communication channel address identification is in a human readable form, and processing comprises executing an optical character recognition machine readable code by a processor of the mobile phone computing device; and the communication channel address identification. The method of claim 19 including the step of extracting textual information representing. The symbol representing the communication channel address identification is in a human readable form, and processing comprises executing a barcode recognition machine readable code by a processor of the mobile phone computing device; and the communication channel address identification. The method of claim 19 including the step of extracting textual information representing. The symbol representing the communication channel address identification is in a human readable form, and processing comprises executing a quick response (QR) code recognition machine readable code by a processor of the mobile phone computing device; And extracting text information representative of the channel address identification. 20. The method of claim 19, comprising pairing the first and second wireless communication devices using the extracted communication channel address identification represented by the symbol.

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