JP2016512512A - ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤及びその組成物と使用方法 - Google Patents
ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤及びその組成物と使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016512512A JP2016512512A JP2016500992A JP2016500992A JP2016512512A JP 2016512512 A JP2016512512 A JP 2016512512A JP 2016500992 A JP2016500992 A JP 2016500992A JP 2016500992 A JP2016500992 A JP 2016500992A JP 2016512512 A JP2016512512 A JP 2016512512A
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012134 supernatant fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012385 systemic delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000000596 systemic lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001603 tamoxifen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063683 taxotere Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N teniposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H](OC[C@H]4O3)C=3SC=CC=3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000001608 teratocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002381 testicular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRZGMTHQPGNLEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl propionate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC YRZGMTHQPGNLEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003433 thalidomide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001196 thiotepa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003354 tissue distribution assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044693 topoisomerase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N topotecan Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005026 toremifene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N toremifene Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=C1C(\C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(\CCCl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 206010044412 transitional cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RTKIYFITIVXBLE-QEQCGCAPSA-N trichostatin A Chemical compound ONC(=O)/C=C/C(/C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 RTKIYFITIVXBLE-QEQCGCAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001665 trituration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000022271 tubular adenoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005951 type IV hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000027930 type IV hypersensitivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940121358 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005483 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003708 urethra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N uroanthelone Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000023577 vascular insufficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004066 vascular targeting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000009540 villous adenoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003905 vulva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
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Abstract
Description
Rは、ハロ、C1〜C4アルキル及びC1〜C4ハロアルキルから独立に選択される1又は2個の基で置換されているピリミジンであり、
各R1は、ハロ、C1〜C4アルキル及びC1〜C4ハロアルキルから独立に選択され、
mは1、2又は3である]
を提供する。
a) 疾患を予防すること、即ち、疾患の臨床症状を発生させないこと;
b) 疾患を阻害すること;
c) 臨床症状の発生を減速又は停止させること;及び/又は
d) 疾患を軽減すること、即ち、臨床症状を退縮させること
を包含する、患者における病態の何らかの治療を意味する。
Rは、ハロ、C1〜C4アルキル及びC1〜C4ハロアルキルから独立に選択される1又は2個の基で置換されているピリミジンであり、
各R1は、ハロ、C1〜C4アルキル及びC1〜C4ハロアルキルから独立に選択され、
mは1、2又は3である]
を提供する。
(i)本明細書中で前記に定義されているものと同じか、それとは異なる機構によって作動する他の細胞周期阻害剤、例えば、サイクリン依存性キナーゼ(CDK)阻害剤、詳細にはCDK2阻害剤;
(ii)抗エストロゲン薬(例えば、タモキシフェン、トレミフェン、ラロキシフェン、ドロロキシフェン、ヨードキシフェン(iodoxyfene))、プロゲストゲン(例えば、酢酸メゲストロール)、アロマターゼ阻害剤(例えば、アナストロゾール、レトラゾール(letrazole)、ボラゾール(vorazole)、エキセメスタン)、抗プロゲストゲン、抗アンドロゲン(例えば、フルタミド、ニルタミド、ビカルタミド、酢酸シプロテロン)、LHRHアゴニスト及びアンタゴニスト(例えば、酢酸ゴセレリン、ルプロリド(luprolide))、テストステロン5α-ジヒドロレダクターゼの阻害剤(例えば、フィナステリド)、抗侵襲薬(anti-invasion agent)(例えば、マリマスタットなどのメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤及びウロキナーゼ型プラスミノーゲン活性化因子受容体機能の阻害剤)及び成長因子機能の阻害剤(そのような成長因子には例えば、血管内皮成長因子、上皮成長因子、血小板由来成長因子及び肝細胞成長因子が包含され、そのような阻害剤には、成長因子抗体、成長因子受容体抗体、チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤及びセリン/トレオニンキナーゼ阻害剤が包含される)などの細胞増殖抑制薬;
(iii)代謝拮抗薬(例えば、メトトレキサートなどの抗葉酸薬、5-フルオロウラシルなどのフルオロピリミジン、プリン及びアデノシン類似体、シトシンアラビノシド);抗腫瘍抗生物質(例えば、ドキソルビシン、ダウノマイシン、エピルビシン及びイダルビシン、マイトマイシン-C、ダクチノマイシン、ミトラマイシンなどのアンスラサイクリン);白金誘導体(例えば、シスプラチン、カルボプラチン);アルキル化薬(例えば、ナイトロジェンマスタード、メルファラン、クロラムブシル、ブスルファン、シクロフォスファミド、イホスファミド、ニトロソウレア、チオテパ);細胞分裂抑制薬(例えば、ビンクリシチン(vincrisitine)などのビンカアルカロイド及びタキソール、タキソテールなどのタキソイド);トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤(例えば、エトポシド及びテニポシドなどのエピポドフィロトキシン、アムサクリン、トポテカン)などの臨床腫瘍学で使用されるとおりの抗増殖薬/抗新生物薬及びそれらの組合せ;
(iv)血管標的化薬を包含する、本明細書中で前記に定義されているものとは異なる機構によって作動する抗脈管形成薬(例えば、Tie-2などの受容体チロシンキナーゼ、インテグリンαvβ3機能の阻害剤、アンジオスタチン、ラゾキシン(razoxin)、サリドマイド);並びに
(v)分化薬(例えば、レチノイン酸及びビタミンD)。
略語
aq.: 水性
AUC: 曲線下面積
[bmim][PF6]: 1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
BOP: ベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル-オキシ-トリス-(ジメチルアミノ)-ホスホニウム ヘキサフルオロホスフェート
conc.: 濃縮
d: 二重項
DCM: ジクロロメタン
DCE: ジクロロエタン
DIPEA: ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
DMA: ジメチルアセトアミド
DME: ジメトキシエタン
DMF: ジメチルホルムアミド
DMSO: ジメチルスルホキシド
eq.: 当量
ES+: エレクトロスプレー陽イオン化
ES-: エレクトロスプレー陰イオン化
Et2O: ジエチルエーテル
EtOAc: 酢酸エチル
g: グラム
h: 時間
HPLC: 高速液体クロマトグラフィー
Hz: ヘルツ
IV: 静脈内
J: 結合定数
kg: キログラム
LCMS: 液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析法
LiHMDS: リチウムビス(トリメチルシリル)アミド
m: 多重項
M: 質量
MeCN: アセトニトリル
MeOH: メタノール
mg: ミリグラム
min: 分
mL: ミリリットル
mmol: ミリモル
ng: ナノグラム
nM: ナノモル
NMP: N-メチルピロリジノン
N.M.R.: 核磁気共鳴
Pd/C: パラジウム炭素
Pd2(dba)3: トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)
Pd(dppf)Cl2: [1,1'-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]ジクロロパラジウム(II)
Pd(PPh3)4: テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)
PO: 経口
o-tol: ortho-トリル
Rf: 保持因子
Rh2(OAc)4: ロジウム(II)アセテート
RT又はRt: 保持時間
r.t.: 室温
RuPhos: 2-ジシクロヘキシルホスフィノ-2',6'-ジイソプロポキシ-1,1'-ビフェニル
s: 一重項
THF: テトラヒドロフラン
TMSCN: トリメチルシリルシアニド
w/v: 重量/容積
Xantphos: 4,5-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)-9,9-ジメチルキサンテン
μL: マイクロリットル
μM: マイクロモル。
メチル2-(4-ブロモフェニル)-2-(2-フルオロフェニル)アセテート(4)の合成
この反応は窒素下で行った。還流冷却器と均圧滴下漏斗を備えた1Lの丸底フラスコ中で、マグネシウム(5.2 g、214 mmol、1.1当量)をエーテル(40 mL)で覆った。1,4-ジブロモベンゼン(45.8 g、194 mmol)のエーテル(200 mL)中の溶液を、まず還流を開始し、次に還流を1.5時間にわたり持続するのに十分な速度で滴加した。ヨウ素の結晶を数粒用いて反応を開始させた。加え終わってから、反応混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。混合物を0℃(氷浴)まで冷却した後、2-フルオロベンズアルデヒド(22.5 mL、26.6 g、214 mmol、1.1当量)のエーテル(45 mL)中の溶液を20分かけて滴加した。混合物は放置して、室温まで温め、一晩撹拌した。反応混合物を0℃(氷浴)まで冷却し、NH4Cl水溶液(50 mL)と2MのHCl(50 mL)の混合物で反応をクエンチした。EtOAc (100 mL)を加え、混合物をCelite(登録商標)を通して濾過し、EtOAc(2×50 mL)で洗浄した。2相を分離させ、有機相をブライン(70mL)で洗浄し、乾燥し(MgSO4)、濾過し、真空で濃縮して黄色いオイルを得た(59 g)。イソヘキサン中の10%EtOAcを用いたフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー(シリカ400 g、カラム直径:80 mm)(Rf 0.26)による精製を行い、副題化合物を黄色いオイルとして得た(29.83 g、収率55%)、LCMS(Rt3.17 min、[M-OH]+263/265)。
反応は窒素下で行った。0℃(氷浴)に冷却した化合物1(29.76 g、105.85 mmol)のDCM(150 mL)中の溶液に塩化チオニル(8.5 mL、13.85 g、116.44 mmol、1.1当量)を加えた。反応混合物は放置して室温まで温め、72時間撹拌した。混合物を2MのNa2CO3(150 mL)に注いだ。2相を分離させ、有機層をブライン(2×50mL)で洗浄し、乾燥し(MgSO4)、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、副題化合物を黄色のオイルとして得た(29.6 g、収率94%)。
LCMS (Rt 3.67分, [M+H]+ 299見えない). 1H N.M.R. (CDCl3) 7.57-7.40 (m, 3H), 7.38-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.19-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.07-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H)。
化合物(2)(29.8 g、99.62 mmol)をジクロロメタン(190 mL)に溶解し、その溶液を0℃(氷浴)まで冷却した。トリメチルシリルシアニド(12.5 mL、9.88 g、99.62 mmol)を加えた後、塩化チタン(IV)(10.9 mL、18.9 g、99.62 mmol)を加えた。混合物は放置して室温まで温め、一晩撹拌した。混合物をNa2CO3(50 g)を含有する氷水(約300 mL)中に注ぎ、次にさらにDCM(約200 mL)で希釈し、セライトを通して濾過した。2相を分離させたのち、水性層をDCM(200 mL)で再抽出し、有機相はMgSO4で乾燥し、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、副題化合物を橙色のオイルとして得た(28.65 g、収率99%)。
LCMS (Rt 3.38分, [M+H]+ 290/292). 1H N.M.R. (CDCl3) 7.52-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.07 (m, 1H), 5.39 (s, 1H)。
化合物3(23.5 g、80.99 mmol)と濃H2SO4(24.5 mL)のメタノール中の溶液(175 mL)を還流下で20時間加熱した。LCMSは主として未反応の出発物質(Rt 3.38 min、[M+H]+290、51%)と所望の生成物(Rt 3.44 min、[M+H]+324は見えない、36%)の混合物を示した。濃H2SO4(8.2 mL)及びMeOH(30 mL)を加え、反応混合物を還流下72時間加熱した。LCMSは未反応出発材料が依然としてあることを示した(27%)。濃H2SO4(8.2 mL)とMeOH(30 mL)をさらに加え、混合物を還流下さらに20時間加熱した。LCMSは主に所望の生成物(Rt 3.44 min、 [M+H]+324は見えない、84%)を示した。反応混合物を0℃(氷浴)に冷却し(氷浴)、H2O(100 mL)とDCM(400 mL)の間で分配した。2相を分離させ、有機層を乾燥し(MgSO4)、濾過し、真空で濃縮して、黄色いオイルを得た(25.81 g)。イソヘキサン中の3%EtOAcを用いたフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー(400 gのシリカ、カラムの直径:80 mm)(Rf 0.17)による精製を行い、表題化合物を薄い黄色のオイルとして得た(16.4 g、収率63%)。
LCMS (Rt 3.44分, [M+H]+ 324見えない). 1H N.M.R. (CDCl3) 7.48-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.18 (m, 4H), 7.12-7.03 (m, 2H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H)。
2-(2-フルオロフェニル)-N-ヒドロキシ-2-(4-(2-メチルピリミジン-5-イル)フェニル)アセトアミド(6)の合成
臭化アリール0.3 g(0.9 mmol)により収率85%の5を得、
臭化アリール2.0 g (6.2 mmol)により収率79%の5を得、
臭化アリール4.0 g (12.4 mmol)により収率79%の5を得た。
LCMS (Rt 2.94分, [M+H]+ 337) 1H N.M.R. (CDCl3) 8.83 (s, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H, J = 6.4 Hz), 7.46 (d, 2H, J = 6.4 Hz), 7.32-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.05 (m, 2H), 5.34 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.79 (s, 3H)。
2-(2-フルオロフェニル)-N-ヒドロキシ-2-(4-(5-(トリフルオロメチル)ピリミジン-2-イル)フェニル)アセトアミド(8)の合成
b)2-クロロ-5-トリフルオロメチルピリミジン、K2CO3、Pd(PPh3)4、ジオキサン、水、100℃、16時間(収率74%)。
LCMS (Rt 3.54分, [M+H]+ 391). 1H N.M.R. (CDCl3) 9.01 (s, 2H), 8.48 (d, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.47 (d, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.30-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.05 (m, 2H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H)。
LCMS (Rt 2.94分, [M+H]+ 392). 1H N.M.R. (DMSO-d6) 11.08 (s, 1H), 9.38 (s, 2H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.44 (d, 2H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.55-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 2H), 5.13 (s, 1H)。
実施例4
HDAC4の阻害の分析
クラスIIa選択的基質であるBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMCを使用して、ヒストンデアセチラーゼ4(HDAC4)触媒ドメイン酵素活性を測定することによって、本明細書に記載される実施例の化合物の効力を定量化する。該基質はHDAC4によって脱アセチル化されて、Boc-Lys-AMCになる。トリプシンによる切断によって、脱アセチル化基質から蛍光AMCが放出される。試料の蛍光は、試料におけるヒストンデアセチラーゼ活性に直接関連している。
初めに、凍結乾燥化合物を100%ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)中10mMの最終濃度まで再懸濁させることによって、試験化合物及び対照参照化合物(1-(5-(3-((4-(1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)フェノキシ)メチル)-1,2,4-オキサジアゾール-5-イル)チオフェン-2-イル)-2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノン)の段階希釈を行う。DMSO中10mMの化合物の60μlアリコートのストックを調製し、-20℃で貯蔵する。試験される化合物及び参照化合物のそれぞれの一つのストックアリコートから、表1に従って、125μlの16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペット(Matrix Technologies Ltd)を使用して、16点段階希釈を調製する。
HDAC4触媒ドメイン酵素は、0.5mg/mlのBioFocusによって製造され、供給されるヒト触媒ドメインHDAC4タンパク質(アミノ酸648〜1032、C末端6×ヒスチジン標識)である。アッセイに酵素を加える直前に、HDAC4触媒ドメインの0.5mg/mlストックアリコート(氷上で解凍)から、それをアッセイ緩衝液(50mMのトリス-HCl、137mMのNaCl、2.7mMのKCl及び1mMのMgCl2(pH8)及び室温に平衡)で0.286μg/mlまで希釈して、酵素の希釈標準溶液を調製する。
アッセイに加える直前に、5×(50μM)基質を調製する。沈殿を防ぐために低速でボルテックス処理しながら、アッセイ緩衝液(室温に平衡)に滴下添加することでDMSO中100mMのBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMC溶液を1:100希釈することによって、1mMの基質ストックを製造する。沈殿を防ぐために低速でボルテックス処理しながら、アッセイ緩衝液(室温に平衡)に滴下添加することで1mMの基質溶液を1:20希釈することによって、5×基質を調製する。
プレートに加える直前に、10mMの参照化合物のストック液を室温に平衡させた25mg/mlのトリプシン(PAA Laboratories Ltd.)中で1:333希釈することによって、3×(30μM)展開剤/停止液を調製する。
Bravo又はJanus(384ウェルMDTヘッド、Perkin Elmer製)を使用して、上記からの1:20希釈された化合物の各溶液5μlを透明底黒色384ウェルアッセイプレートに移す。16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットを使用して、HDAC4触媒ドメイン酵素(アッセイ緩衝液中0.286μg/ml)の希釈標準溶液35μlをアッセイプレートに移す。次いで、Bravo、Janus又は16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットのいずれかを使用して、5×(50μM)基質10μlをアッセイプレートに加えることによって、アッセイを開始する。次いで、アッセイプレートをオービタルシェーカー上、900rpm(毎分回転数)で2分間振盪する。次いで、プレートを37℃で15分間インキュベートする。Bravo、Janus又は16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットのいずれかを使用して、3×(30μM)展開剤/停止液25μlをアッセイプレートに加えることによって、反応を停止する。次いで、アッセイプレートをオービタルシェーカー上、1200rpmで5分間振盪する。次いで、アッセイプレートを組織培養インキュベーター内で、37℃で1時間インキュベートする。最後に、PerkinElmer EnVisionをトップリードモードで使用して、蛍光を測定する(励起:355nm、発光:460nm)。
HDAC5の阻害の分析
クラスIIa選択的基質であるBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMCを使用して、ヒストンデアセチラーゼ5(HDAC5)酵素活性を測定することによって、本明細書に記載される実施例の化合物の効力を定量化する。該基質はHDAC5によって脱アセチル化されて、Boc-Lys-AMCになる。トリプシンによる切断によって、脱アセチル化基質から蛍光AMCが放出される。試料の蛍光は、試料におけるヒストンデアセチラーゼ活性に直接関連している。
初めに、凍結乾燥化合物を100%DMSO中10mMの最終濃度まで再懸濁させることによって、試験化合物及び対照参照化合物(1-(5-(3-((4-(1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)フェノキシ)メチル)-1,2,4-オキサジアゾール-5-イル)チオフェン-2-イル)-2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノン)の段階希釈を行う。DMSO中10mMの化合物の60μlアリコートのストックを調製し、-20℃で貯蔵する。試験される化合物及び参照化合物のそれぞれの一つのストックアリコートから、表1に従って、125μlの16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットを使用して、16点段階希釈を調製する。
HDAC5触媒ドメイン酵素は、ヒトHDAC5触媒ドメイン(GenBank受入番号NM_001015053)(C末端にHisタグを有するアミノ酸657〜1123)であり、BPS BioScienceから入手することができる。該タンパク質は51kDaであり、バキュロウイルス発現系で発現される。アッセイに酵素を加える直前に、HDAC5触媒ドメインの1.65mg/mlストックアリコート(氷上で解凍)から、それをアッセイ緩衝液(50mMのトリス-HCl、137mMのNaCl、2.7mMのKCl及び1mMのMgCl2(pH8)及び37℃に平衡)で0.57μg/mlまで希釈して、酵素の希釈標準溶液を調製する。
アッセイに加える直前に、5×(40μM)基質を調製する。沈殿を防ぐために低速でボルテックス処理しながら、アッセイ緩衝液(37℃に平衡)に滴下添加することでDMSO中100mMのBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMC溶液を1:2500希釈することによって、5×基質を製造する。
プレートに加える直前に、10mMの参照化合物のストック液を37℃に平衡させた25mg/mlのトリプシン中で1:333希釈することによって、3×(30μM)展開剤/停止液を調製する。
Bravo又はJanusを使用して、上記からの1:20希釈された化合物及び対照の各溶液5μlを透明底黒色384ウェルアッセイプレートに移す。16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットを使用して、HDAC5触媒ドメイン酵素(アッセイ緩衝液中0.57μg/ml)の希釈標準溶液35μlをアッセイプレートに移す。次いで、Bravo、Janus又は16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットのいずれかを使用して、5×(40μM)基質10μlをアッセイプレートに加えることによって、アッセイを開始する。次いで、アッセイプレートをオービタルシェーカー上、900rpmで1分間振盪する。次いで、プレートを37℃で15分間インキュベートする。Bravo、Janus又は16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットのいずれかを使用して、3×(30μM)展開剤/停止液25μlをアッセイプレートに加えることによって、反応を停止する。次いで、アッセイプレートをオービタルシェーカー上、900rpmで2分間振盪する。次いで、アッセイプレートを組織培養インキュベーター内で、37℃で1時間インキュベートし、続いて、EnVisionで読み取る前に、最大rpmでオービタルシェーカー上で1分間振盪する。最後に、PerkinElmer EnVisionをトップリードモードで使用して、蛍光を測定する(励起:355nm、発光:460nm)。
HDAC7の阻害の分析
クラスIIa選択的基質であるBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMCを使用して、ヒストンデアセチラーゼ7(HDAC7)酵素活性を測定することによって、本明細書に記載される実施例の化合物の効力を定量化する。該基質はHDAC7によって脱アセチル化されて、Boc-Lys-AMCになる。トリプシンによる切断によって、脱アセチル化基質から蛍光AMCが放出される。試料の蛍光は、試料におけるヒストンデアセチラーゼ活性に直接関連している。
初めに、凍結乾燥化合物を100%DMSO中10mMの最終濃度まで再懸濁させることによって、試験化合物及び対照参照化合物(1-(5-(3-((4-(1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)フェノキシ)メチル)-1,2,4-オキサジアゾール-5-イル)チオフェン-2-イル)-2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノン)の段階希釈を行う。DMSO中10mMの化合物の60μlアリコートのストックを調製し、-20℃で貯蔵する。試験される化合物及び参照化合物のそれぞれの一つのストックアリコートから、表1に従って、125μlの16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットを使用して、16点段階希釈を調製する。
HDAC7酵素は、ヒトHDAC7(GenBank受入番号AY302468)(N末端グルタチオンS転移酵素(GST)タグを有するアミノ酸518末端)であり、BPS BioScienceから入手することができる。該タンパク質は78kDaであり、バキュロウイルス発現系で発現される。アッセイに酵素を加える直前に、HDAC7触媒ドメインの0.5mg/mlストックアリコート(氷上で解凍)から、それをアッセイ緩衝液(50mMのトリス-HCl、137mMのNaCl、2.7mMのKCl及び1mMのMgCl2(pH8)及び37℃に平衡)で71ng/mlまで希釈して、酵素の希釈標準溶液を調製する。
アッセイに加える直前に、5×(50μM)基質を調製する。沈殿を防ぐために低速でボルテックス処理しながら、アッセイ緩衝液(37℃に平衡)に滴下添加することでDMSO中100mMのBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMC溶液を1:2000希釈することによって、5×基質を調製する。
プレートに加える直前に、10mMの参照化合物のストック液を37℃に平衡させた25mg/mlのトリプシン中で1:333希釈することによって、3×(30μM)展開剤/停止液を調製する。
Bravo又はJanusを使用して、上記からの1:20希釈された化合物の各溶液5μlを透明底黒色384ウェルアッセイプレートに移す。16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットを使用して、HDAC7酵素(アッセイ緩衝液中71ng/ml)の希釈標準溶液35μlをアッセイプレートに移す。次いで、Bravo、Janus又は16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットのいずれかを使用して、5×(50μM)基質10μlをアッセイプレートに加えることによって、アッセイを開始する。次いで、アッセイプレートをオービタルシェーカー上、900rpmで1分間振盪する。次いで、プレートを37℃で15分間インキュベートする。次いで、Bravo、Janus又は16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットのいずれかを使用して、3×(30μM)展開剤/停止液25μlをアッセイプレートに加えることによって、反応を停止する。次いで、アッセイプレートをオービタルシェーカー上、900rpmで2分間振盪する。次いで、アッセイプレートを組織培養インキュベーター内で、37℃で1時間インキュベートし、続いて、最大rpmでオービタルシェーカー上で1分間振盪する。最後に、PerkinElmer EnVisionをトップリードモードで使用して、蛍光を測定する(励起:355nm、発光:460nm)。
HDAC9の阻害の分析
クラスIIa選択的基質であるBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMCを使用して、ヒストンデアセチラーゼ9(HDAC9)酵素活性を測定することによって、本明細書に記載される実施例の化合物の効力を定量化する。該基質はHDAC9によって脱アセチル化されて、Boc-Lys-AMCになる。トリプシンによる切断によって、脱アセチル化基質から蛍光AMCが放出される。試料の蛍光は、試料におけるヒストンデアセチラーゼ活性に直接関連している。
初めに、凍結乾燥化合物を100%DMSO中10mMの最終濃度まで再懸濁させることによって、試験化合物及び対照参照化合物(1-(5-(3-((4-(1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)フェノキシ)メチル)-1,2,4-オキサジアゾール-5-イル)チオフェン-2-イル)-2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノン)の段階希釈を行う。DMSO中10mMの化合物の60μlアリコートのストックを調製し、-20℃で貯蔵する。試験される化合物及び参照化合物それぞれの一つのストックアリコートから、表1に従って、125μlの16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットを使用して、16点段階希釈を調製する。
HDAC9酵素は、ヒトHDAC9(GenBank受入番号NM_178423)(C末端にHisタグを有するアミノ酸604〜1066)であり、BPS BioScienceから入手することができる。該タンパク質は50.7kDaであり、バキュロウイルス発現系で発現される。アッセイに酵素を加える直前に、HDAC9の0.5mg/mlストックアリコート(氷上で解凍)から、それをアッセイ緩衝液(50mMのトリス-HCl、137mMのNaCl、2.7mMのKCl及び1mMのMgCl2(pH8)及び37℃に平衡)で0.57μg/mlまで希釈して、酵素の希釈標準溶液を調製する。
アッセイに加える直前に、5×(125μM)基質を調製する。沈殿を防ぐために低速でボルテックス処理しながら、アッセイ緩衝液(37℃に平衡)に滴下添加することでDMSO中100mMのBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMC溶液を1:800希釈することによって、5×基質を調製する。
プレートに加える直前に、10mMの参照化合物のストック液を37℃に平衡させた25mg/mlのトリプシン中で1:333希釈することによって、3×(30μM)展開剤/停止液を調製する。
Bravo又はJanusを使用して、上記からの1:20希釈された化合物の各溶液5μlを透明底黒色384ウェルアッセイプレートに移す。16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットを使用して、HDAC9酵素(アッセイ緩衝液中0.57μg/ml)の希釈標準溶液35μlをアッセイプレートに移す。次いで、Bravo、Janus又は16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットのいずれかを使用して、5×(125μM)基質10μlをアッセイプレートに加えることによって、アッセイを開始する。次いで、アッセイプレートをオービタルシェーカー上、900rpmで1分間振盪する。次いで、プレートを37℃で15分間インキュベートする。Bravo、Janus又は16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットのいずれかを使用して、3×展開剤/停止液25μlをアッセイプレートに加えることによって、反応を停止する。次いで、アッセイプレートをオービタルシェーカー上、900rpmで2分間振盪する。次いで、アッセイプレートを組織培養インキュベーター内で、37℃で1時間インキュベートし、続いて、EnVisionで読み取る前に、最大rpmでオービタルシェーカー上で1分間振盪する。最後に、PerkinElmer EnVisionをトップリードモードで使用して、蛍光を測定する(励起:355nm、発光:460nm)。
細胞HDAC活性の阻害の分析
クラスIIa選択的基質であるBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMCを使用して、細胞ヒストンデアセチラーゼ酵素活性を測定することによって、本明細書に記載される実施例の化合物の効力を定量化する。Jurkat E6-1細胞への浸透の後に、該基質は脱アセチル化されて、Boc-Lys-AMCになる。細胞溶解及びトリプシンによる切断の後に、脱アセチル化基質からだけ蛍光AMCが放出される。試料の蛍光は、試料におけるヒストンデアセチラーゼ活性に直接関連している。
Jurkat E6.1細胞を標準的な細胞培養プロトコルに従って、Jurkat E6.1成長培地(フェノールレッド不含のRPMI、10%のFBS、10mMのHEPES及び1mMのピルビン酸ナトリウム)中で培養する。Coulter Counterを使用して、Jurkat E6.1細胞をカウントし、Jurkat E6.1成長培地に75,000細胞/35μlの濃度で再懸濁させる。35μl又は75,000細胞をGreinerマイクロタイターアッセイプレートに播種する。次いで、他のアッセイ成分を調製している間、プレートを37℃及び5%CO2でインキュベートする。
初めに、凍結乾燥化合物を100%DMSO中10mMの最終濃度まで再懸濁させることによって、HDAC阻害剤及び対照参照化合物(1-(5-(3-((4-(1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)フェノキシ)メチル)-1,2,4-オキサジアゾール-5-イル)チオフェン-2-イル)-2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノン)の段階希釈を行う。DMSO中10mMの化合物の70μlアリコートのストックを調製し、-20℃で貯蔵する。試験される化合物及び参照化合物それぞれの一つのストックアリコートから、表1に従って、125μlの16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットを使用して、16点段階希釈を調製する。
アッセイに加える直前に、5×(500μM)基質を調製する。沈殿を防ぐために低速でボルテックス処理しながら、Jurkatアッセイ培地(フェノールレッド不含のRPMI、0.1%のFBS、10mMのHepes及び1mMのピルビン酸ナトリウム、37℃に平衡)に滴下添加することでDMSO中100mMのBoc-Lys(Tfa)-AMC溶液を1:200希釈することによって、5×基質を調製する。
3×ストック溶解緩衝液8.8ml(50mMのトリス-HCl、pH8.0、137mMのNaCl、2.7mMのKCl、1mMのMgCl2、1%のNonidet P40 Substitute、室温に平衡)及び室温に平衡されている3mg/mlのトリプシン1.2mlを用いて、3×溶解緩衝液10mlを調製する。
Bravoを使用して、上記からの1:20希釈化合物の各溶液5μlを75,000細胞/ウェルを有するGreinerマイクロタイターアッセイプレートに移す。次いで、細胞を37℃及び5%CO2で2時間インキュベートする。次いで、Bravo又は16チャンネルMatrixマルチチャンネルピペットのいずれかを使用して、5×(500μM)基質10μlをアッセイプレートに加えることによって、アッセイを開始する。次いで、細胞を37℃及び5%CO2で3時間インキュベートする。次いで、125μlの16チャンネルピペット又はBravoのいずれかを使用して、3×溶解緩衝液25μlを各ウェルに加える。次いで、アッセイプレートを37℃及び5%CO2で一晩(15〜16時間)インキュベートする。翌日、プレートをオービタルシェーカー上、900rpmで1分間振盪する。最後に、PerkinElmer EnVisionを使用して、トップリード蛍光(励起:355nm、発光:460nm)を測定する。
化合物6のPK研究
名目用量5 mg当量/kgで静脈内投与した後、化合物6は明らかに2相性の消失を示した。したがって、化合物6のクリアランス値6.4 L/h/kg(>肝血漿流量)はクリアランス相の平均であると考えられる(表2及び3のデータ)。
化合物8のPK研究
化合物8では他の化合物と比較して脳への浸透と分布容積が高いことが観察された(データは表2に示す)。
化合物8は用量漸増試験(C57B16マウスに30及び100 mg当量/kgを経口投与)に進めた。この研究及び以前の研究で測定された、化合物8を経口で10 mg/kgで投与した場合の、血漿、脳及び筋肉中の化合物8の濃度を表2及び3に示す。
肝ミクロソームでの安定性(半減期)
試験化合物(初期濃度1μM、n=2)のインキュベーションを、プールしていた肝ミクロソーム(0.1Mリン酸緩衝液pH7.4中、0.25 mgタンパク質/mL)とともに行った。NADPH(1mM)を加えて反応を開始させた。インキュベーションは37℃で行った。試料(100μL)をインキュベーションから0、5、10、20及び40分で採取し、カルバマゼピンを分析内部標準として含有するアセトニトリル100μLに加えて反応を終わらせた。試料を遠心分離して、上清画分をLC-MS/MSで分析した。残存化合物の割合を決定するため、内部標準の応答で正規化した装置の応答(即ち、クロマトグラフのピーク高さ)を、ゼロ時点の試料(100%として)を基準として求めた。
半減期の値は関係式
T1/2(min)=-0.693/λ
から計算し、
ここで、λは濃度の自然対数対時間曲線の傾きである。
Clint=0.693×1/T1/2(min)×インキュベーション体積(μL)/mgミクロソームタンパク質
を用いて計算した。
Clint(組織クリアランス)mL/min/kg=[0.693/t1/2(min)]×[1/ミクロソームタンパク質濃度mg/mL]×[mgミクロソーム/g肝臓]×[g肝臓/kg体重]
Clint(肝臓クリアランス)mL/min/kg=肝血漿流×Clint /(肝血漿流 + Clint)
肝抽出比(Eh)=Clint(肝臓クリアランス)mL/min/kg/肝血漿流(mL/min/kg)
MDRl-MDCKII及び野生型MDCKII細胞株をSolvo Biotechnologyによって提供されるガイドラインに従って培養した。野生型MDCK細胞及びMDRl-MDCK細胞を、24穴のトランスウェルプレートに2.3×105細胞/ウェルの細胞密度で播種し、3日間培養して単層を形成させた。試験化合物を、MDRl-MDCK又は野生型MDCKの単層を有するトランスウェルプレート(24穴)のドナーコンパートメントに投入した。試験化合物は、トランスウェルプレートアッセンブリの頂端側又は側底側チャンバーのどちらかに、25mMのHEPESを含有するハンクス液(pH7.0)中濃度10μMで加えた。ルシファーイエローを全てのウェル中の頂端側バッファーに加え、その浸透をモニターして細胞層の完全性を評価した。ルシファーイエロー(LY)は親油性バリヤーを自由に透過できないので、高度のLYの輸送は細胞層が完全でないことを示し、LYの透過性が100 nm/sを超えるウェルは除く。
ドナー=化合物を投与した方のトランスウェルのチャンバー:A>B実験についての頂端側及びB>A実験についての基底側
アクセプター=化合物の透過が測定される方のトランスウェルチャンバー:A>B実験についての基底側及びB>A実験についての頂端側]
から計算した。
Claims (23)
- nが1である、請求項2に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩。
- 各R2が、独立にC1〜C4アルキル又はC1〜C4ハロアルキルである、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩。
- 各R2が独立にメチル又はトリフルオロメチルである、請求項5に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩。
- mが1である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩。
- 少なくとも1つのR1がハロである、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩。
- 少なくとも1つのR1がフルオロである、請求項9に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩。
- mが1であり、R1が2-フルオロである、請求項10に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩。
- 薬学的に許容される担体と、少なくとも1種の請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩を含む、医薬的に許容される組成物。
- 錠剤、カプセル剤、散剤、液剤、懸濁剤、坐剤及びエアロゾルから選択される形態で製剤化されている、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- そのような治療を必要とする患者において、少なくとも1種のヒストンデアセチラーゼによって媒介される状態又は障害を治療する方法であって、患者に、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩を投与するステップを含む方法。
- そのような治療を必要とする患者において、少なくとも1種のヒストンデアセチラーゼの阻害に応答する状態又は障害を治療する方法であって、患者に、有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩を投与するステップを含む方法。
- 少なくとも1種のヒストンデアセチラーゼを阻害する方法であって、ヒストンデアセチラーゼを有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩と接触させるステップを含む方法。
- 少なくとも一種のヒストンデアセチラーゼが、HDAC-4、HDAC-5、HDAC-6、HDAC-7、HDAC-8、HDAC-9、HDAC-10及びHDAC-11から選択される、請求項15〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のヒストンデアセチラーゼがHDAC-4、HDAC-5、HDAC-7及びHDAC-9から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のヒストンデアセチラーゼがHDAC-4である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記状態又は障害が、細胞増殖性疾患、糖尿病、炎症、心臓病、脳卒中、てんかん、うつ病、免疫性疾患及びウイルス又は真菌感染から選択される、請求項15又は16に記載の方法。
- 前記状態又は障害が神経変性病態を含む、請求項15又は16に記載の方法。
- 前記状態又は障害がハンチントン病である、請求項22に記載の方法。
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HK1220461A1 (zh) | 2017-05-05 |
EP2968232A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
US10105363B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
WO2014159210A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
EP2968232A4 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
TW201514153A (zh) | 2015-04-16 |
EP2968232B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
JP6363164B2 (ja) | 2018-07-25 |
AR095352A1 (es) | 2015-10-07 |
US9562021B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
US20160024019A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
US20170224684A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
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