JP2016211960A - Inner space displacement measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inner space displacement measurement method for measuring the vertical deformation state of a tunnel cross section as a relative displacement between tunnel wall surfaces.SOLUTION: In a measurement cross section 55 of a tunnel 50, a vertical displacement of a measurement point G1 set at the top end from a measurement point G2 set on a side wall part is measured, by a light-wave distance measuring instrument 4, as an upper vertical displacement amount in an upper part in the view from the measurement point G2. A vertical displacement of a measurement point G3 set on an invert part 54 from the measurement point G2 set on the side wall part is measured, by a settlement gage 10, as a lower vertical displacement amount in a lower part in the view from the measurement point G2. Thus, the vertical deformation state of the measurement cross section 55 is measured as a relative displacement between tunnel wall surfaces.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an internal displacement measuring method for measuring an internal displacement in a vertical direction in an arbitrarily selected measurement section in a mountain tunnel.

  When constructing a mountain tunnel, an inverted part is constructed on a faulty mountain to close the cross section, structurally stabilizing the tunnel and suppressing deformation. However, in areas including expansive grounds, the inverted part may be raised after the start of tunnel operation. In this case, the main roadbed part is excavated to repair the inverted part. I was doing work and changeover. Performing such work while the tunnel is in use not only makes the construction complicated, but also increases the construction cost.

  Therefore, in recent years, before constructing a new tunnel, before performing the main construction, not only the deformation of the support after the closure but also the deformation of the inverted part is observed over time, and if necessary, the countermeasure work is performed to prevent the deformation. Convergence is confirmed. In addition to the measurement of internal displacement and ceiling subsidence, which is a measurement item (measurement A) that is carried out for daily construction management, measurement items that are added according to natural conditions etc. The board bulge measurement which is (Measurement B) is carried out.

  In this case, the internal station is generally measured by a total station. In addition, for the bulge measurement, for example, a sunk bar is set up in the invert part and the height is measured by leveling or the like, or as shown in Patent Document 1, the ground which causes the invert part to rise and deform is penetrated. Then, the ground was excavated to a solid ground that does not deform and located below, and the underground displacement was measured by installing an underground displacement measuring device in this excavation hole.

JP 2008-185498 A

  However, the vertical displacement obtained from the measurement of the crest of the top and the bulge measurement is an absolute displacement obtained from the difference between the reference point and the measurement point, and does not represent the relative displacement between the tunnel wall surfaces. Absent. In addition, the measurement of the displacement of the inner space represents the deformation state in the horizontal direction and the oblique direction of the tunnel cross section by the relative displacement between the tunnel wall surfaces, but cannot indicate the deformation state in the vertical direction.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and its main object is to provide an internal displacement measuring method for measuring the deformation state in the vertical direction of the tunnel cross section as the internal displacement between the tunnel wall surfaces. It is to be.

  In order to achieve such an object, the internal displacement measurement method of the present invention, in the arbitrarily selected measurement cross-section in the tunnel, while setting the measurement point respectively on one of the pair of side walls facing each other and the top end, After setting the measurement point also on the invert part located vertically below the measurement point set at the top end, the vertical displacement of the measurement point set at the top end with respect to the measurement point set at the side wall part is measured by the optical wave. Measured with a distance meter, and calculated the vertical displacement amount of the upper portion of the measurement cross section, and measured the vertical displacement of the measurement point set on the invert part with respect to the measurement point set on the side wall part, A lower vertical displacement amount of the measurement cross section is calculated, and a vertical internal displacement in the measurement cross section is measured from the upper vertical displacement amount and the lower vertical displacement amount.

  According to the above internal displacement measurement method, both the upper vertical displacement amount and the lower vertical displacement amount are measured as relative displacements as viewed from the measurement point set on the side wall, so that the vertical direction in the measurement cross section Can be expressed as relative displacement between tunnel walls, that is, internal displacement, as an index similar to the measurement of internal displacement in measurement items (measurement A) that are carried out for daily construction management. It becomes possible to handle.

  The internal displacement measuring method of the present invention is a subsidence meter body in which the subsidence meter includes a reference water tank composed of a sealed single water tank, an air chamber partitioned by a water pressure detection unit, and a liquid chamber filled with water. One end is connected to the bottom of the reference water tank, the other end is connected to the liquid chamber of the subsidence meter body, and the liquid chamber communicates with the reference water tank, and a communication water pipe filled with water and one end The other end of the reference water tank is connected to the air chamber of the subsidence meter main body, and includes an atmospheric pressure adjusting pipe that communicates the air chamber with the reference water tank. Is installed.

  According to the above internal displacement measurement method, the subsidence meter can contain the water injected by closing the open / close valve to the liquid chamber side, so the subsidometer can be handled freely without considering the posture. Therefore, the installation work of the settlement meter can be easily performed.

  According to the present invention, an arbitrarily selected measurement section in a tunnel is measured by using both a light wave range finder and a settlement meter, so that the vertical deformation state in the measurement section It can be expressed by displacement.

It is a figure which shows the state which installed the optical wave rangefinder and the subsidence meter in the tunnel in this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the settlement meter in this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the state which shape | molded the settlement meter in this Embodiment in one rod-shaped body. It is a figure which shows the deformation | transformation state of the measurement cross section in this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the installation method of the subsidence meter in this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other example of the installation method of the subsidence meter in this Embodiment.

  Below, the internal space displacement measuring method for measuring the internal space displacement of the perpendicular direction is demonstrated using FIGS. 1-7 about the measurement cross section arbitrarily selected in the tunnel of this invention.

  In the measurement cross section in the tunnel, the vertical displacement of the top of the measurement point installed on the side wall is subtracted by the optical rangefinder, and the vertical displacement of the invert part with respect to the measurement point installed on the side wall is subtracted. It is a method of measuring the internal air displacement in the vertical direction by measuring each with a meter and using these vertical displacement amounts.

  In the present embodiment, when constructing a mountain tunnel in the expansive natural ground, the support structure is constructed with shotcrete and steel support and an invert portion is constructed with shotcrete, and the section is temporarily closed, An example of measuring the vertical displacement in the measurement cross section will be described below.

  First, an outline of the tunnel 50 that is a measurement target of the inner space displacement, an apparatus used for the inner space displacement measuring method, and an arrangement thereof will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the tunnel 50, a support structure by a not-shown shotcrete and a steel support 53 is constructed behind the face 52, and an invert portion 54 is constructed by the shotcrete. . In the vicinity of the face 52, a measurement cross section 55 for measuring the vertical displacement in the vertical direction is set.

  In the measurement cross section 55, measurement points G 1 and G 2 are set on one of the top end and the pair of side walls, and the reflection target 1 that can be collimated by the light wave rangefinder 4 at each of the measurement points G 1 and G 2. 2 is installed. In addition, a light rangefinder 4 is installed in the steel support 53 located on the wellhead 51 side when viewed from the measurement section 55, and a reference point G0 is set in the wellhead 51, and the reflective target 3 is installed. Has been.

  The optical distance measuring instrument 4 employs a total station that can measure distance and angle at the same time, store and output the results, and can communicate the output results to the terminal device 5 such as a personal computer. doing.

  Further, in the measurement cross section 55, a measurement point G3 is set on the upper surface of the invert portion 54 and vertically below the measurement point G1 provided at the top, and a settlement meter is provided between the measurement points G2 and G3. 10 is installed. Any subsidence meter 10 may be used as long as it can measure the relative displacement in the vertical direction of the measurement point G3 set in the invert part 54 with respect to the measurement point G2 set in the side wall part. The subsidometer using the principle of water filling is adopted.

  Below, the detail of the subsidence meter 10 using the water pressure employ | adopted by this Embodiment is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the settlement meter 10 includes a reference water tank 11, a settlement meter main body 12, and a communication water pipe 13 that communicates these. The reference water tank 11 is a single water tank made of a hermetically sealed container, and the water surface position inside is formed on the side portion so that it can be visually confirmed. On the other hand, the settlement meter main body 12 is formed of a cylindrical sealed container, and the inside thereof is partitioned into a liquid chamber 121 and an air chamber 122 via a water pressure detection unit 123.

  The liquid chamber 121 of the settlement meter main body 12 communicates with the bottom of the reference water tank 11 through the communication water pipe 13, and water is formed in the liquid chamber 121 and the communication water pipe 13 so that a water surface is formed in the reference water tank 11. Is filled. The water surface in the reference water tank 11 becomes the reference water surface of the settlement meter 10.

  Further, the air chamber 122 of the subsidence meter main body 12 communicates with the top of the reference water tank 11 via the atmospheric pressure adjusting pipe 14, and the reference water tank 11 is provided with a vent as necessary, so that the inside of the air chamber 122 And the pressure in the reference water tank 11 are always maintained at atmospheric pressure.

  Furthermore, although not shown, the water pressure detection unit 123 of the settlement meter main body 12 includes a bellows pipe and a differential transformer that are widely used for a water level gauge and the like. The water pressure detection unit 123 is externally connected to the measurement cable 15 and the data logger 16.

  The subsidence meter 10 having such a configuration is provided with a subsidence meter body 12 at an arbitrary measurement point for which the amount of subsidence is to be grasped, a reference water tank 11 is installed at a height above the measurement point, and the water surface of the reference water tank 11 is set to the reference water surface. The amount of settlement at the measurement point with respect to the reference water surface is measured.

  That is, when the measurement point where the subsidence meter main body 12 is installed rises and vertical displacement occurs, the height of the subsidence meter main body 12 is displaced with respect to the reference water surface height set in the reference water tank 11. Along with this, the water pressure in the liquid chamber 121 changes. Therefore, the change in the water pressure is converted into an electric signal by a bellows pipe and a differential transformer provided in the water pressure detection unit 123, and the data logger is connected via the measurement cable 15. 16 to send.

  Then, the data logger 16 converts this electrical signal into a vertical displacement and records it as a vertical displacement amount. Thus, the settlement meter 1 can measure the relative vertical displacement of the measurement point where the settlement meter main body 12 is installed with respect to the reference water surface set in the reference water tank 11.

  The data logger 16 is also communicatively connected to the terminal device 5 that is communicatively connected to the light wave rangefinder 4, and data recorded in the data logger 16 is also stored and output in the terminal device 5.

  Further, the atmospheric pressure adjusting pipe 14 is provided with an opening / closing valve 141, and when the opening / closing valve 141 is closed, water injected into the settlement gauge 10 is transferred from the atmospheric pressure regulation pipe 14 to the settlement gauge main body 12. It does not enter the air chamber 122. This eliminates the need to consider the attitude of the subsidence meter 10 when it is transported, installed, or the like, so it can be deformed into a flexible package and is easy to handle.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the reference water tank 11 is provided with a water supply / drain port 111 at the top, so that the water surface height in the settlement meter 10 can be freely changed.

  By the way, in the present embodiment, the communication water pipe 13, the atmospheric pressure adjustment pipe 14 and the measurement cable 15 of the subsidence meter 10 are bundled, and these are moved from the vicinity of the bottom of the reference water tank 11 as shown in FIG. It is covered with a storage tube 17 of a long length. Further, the settlement meter main body 12 is stored in the settlement meter main body storage case 171, the reference water tank 11 is stored in the reference water tank storage case 172, and the settlement meter main body storage case 171 and the reference water tank storage case 172 are respectively provided at both ends of the storage pipe 17. It is linked to.

  By doing so, the annular settlement meter 10 as shown in FIG. 2 can be handled as a single bar-like material as shown in FIG. 3, so that the installation work on the measurement section 55 can be easily performed. Is.

  A method for measuring the internal displacement of the measurement cross section 55 selected in the tunnel 50 using the above-described settlement meter 10 will be described below.

  First, as shown in FIG. 1, in a measurement cross section 55 arbitrarily selected in the tunnel 50, the measurement point G1 is set at the top and the reflection target 1 is installed, and the measurement point G2 is set on one side wall. In addition to setting, the reflective target 2 is installed, and the light wave range finder 4 is installed on a steel support 53 located on the wellhead 51 side when viewed from the measurement section 55.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, the measurement point G1 at the top is set on the center line of the tunnel 50, and the measurement point G2 at the side wall is set on the spring line of the tunnel 50. ing. Thus, by setting the measurement point G2 of the side wall portion on the spring line, the vertical displacement of the upper half of the tunnel cross section is measured by the optical rangefinder 1, and the vertical displacement of the lower half of the tunnel cross section is measured by the subsidence meter 10, respectively. It is set to measure.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, although the installation position of the light wave rangefinder 4 is made into the steel support work 53 so that it may not intersect with the work area in the tunnel 50, it is not limited to this, You may install in the position.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 1, the measurement point G3 is set on the upper surface of the invert part 54, the sinkage meter body 12 is set, the reference water tank 11 is set at the measurement point G2 set on the side wall part, and the sinkage gauge is set. 10 is installed.

  As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the squat gauge 10 is protected by connecting the measurement point G3 set on the upper surface of the invert part 54 and the vicinity of the measurement point G2 on the side wall part. An embedded protective tube 58 is arranged for this purpose. Then, as shown in FIG. 5B, the work floor 56 is secured in the backfill tunnel 50 with the buried protection pipe 58. Thereafter, the squat meter 10 is inserted into the buried protective tube 58 from the squat meter main body 12, and the squat meter main body 12 is installed at the measurement point G3 on the invert portion 54 as shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, the reference water tank 11 exposed from the buried protective pipe 58 is installed at the measurement point G2 provided on the side wall, but in this embodiment, the measurement point G2 is located within the height range of the reference water tank 11. In this way, the reference water tank 11 is installed. And the water supply / drainage is performed using the water supply / drainage port 11 provided in the top part of the reference | standard water tank 4, and it adjusts so that a water surface height may correspond with the measurement point G2. Thus, the reference water surface is set in the reference water tank 4.

  When the squat gauge 10 is arranged in this way, even if it is a construction site, the squat gauge 10 is installed while securing a work area in the tunnel 50, and the vertical displacement of the measuring point G3 with respect to the measuring point G2 is easily measured. Is something that can be done.

  The reference water tank 11 and the reflection target 2 may be installed separately at the measurement point G2, but in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the water surface height is adjusted so as to match the measurement point G2. The reflection target 2 is attached to the reference water tank 4 and the reflection target 2 and the reference water tank 11 are integrally installed at the measurement point G2.

  Thereafter, after the initial coordinates of each of the reflection targets 1 and 2 are detected by the light wave range finder 4, measurement of the inner space displacement in the measurement section 55 is started.

  In detecting the initial coordinates of each of the reflection targets 1 and 2, as shown in FIG. 1, an immovable position in which the position coordinates in the vicinity of the wellhead 51 are known is set in advance as the reference point G 0 and the reflection target 3 is installed. Then, by collimating the reflection target 3 with the light wave range finder 4, the position coordinates of the light wave range finder 4 are determined, and then the initial coordinates of the reflection targets 1 and 2 are measured with the light wave range finder 4. To do.

  After the elapse of a predetermined number of days from the start of the measurement, the position coordinates of each of the reflection targets 1.2 are detected by the light wave rangefinder 4, and the measurement point G1 set at the top with respect to the measurement point G2 ′ set at the side wall portion. Measure the vertical displacement of '.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4A, the vertical height L of the measurement point G1 with respect to the measurement point G2 is measured from the initial coordinates of the reflection target 1 and the initial coordinates of the reflection target 2. Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the vertical height L ′ of the measurement point G1 ′ with respect to the measurement point G2 ′ is calculated from the position coordinates of the reflection target 1 and the position coordinates of the reflection target 2 measured after a predetermined number of days. Measure.

  And it installed in the side wall part by subtracting vertical height L 'of measurement point G1' with respect to measurement point G2 'after progress of predetermined days from vertical height L of measurement point G1 with respect to measurement point G2 of an initial state. The vertical displacement of the measurement point G1 installed at the top of the measurement point G2 is calculated as the upper vertical displacement amount.

  On the other hand, at the same timing that the position coordinates of each of the reflection targets 1.2 are detected by the optical wave rangefinder 1, the subsidometer 10 is used to provide the invert portion 54 for the measurement point G2 installed on the side wall portion. The vertical displacement of the measurement point G3 is measured.

  As described above, the reference water surface set in the reference water tank 11 of the subsidence meter 10 matches the height of the measurement point G2 set on the side wall. Further, the settlement meter main body 12 is installed at a measurement point G3 provided in the invert unit 54.

  Therefore, when the measurement point G3 rises and a vertical displacement occurs, the water pressure detection unit 123 detects a change in the water pressure in the liquid chamber 121 of the subsidence meter body 12, and the data logger 16 sets the subsidence meter with respect to the reference water surface. The vertical displacement of the main body 11 is recorded. This vertical displacement is the lower vertical displacement of the measurement point G3 provided in the invert portion 54 with respect to the measurement point G2 installed on the side wall.

  The upper vertical displacement amount of the measurement point G1 with respect to the measurement point G2 and the lower vertical displacement amount of the measurement point G3 with respect to the measurement point G2 calculated in this way are added together to measure the measurement point G1 and the measurement in the measurement cross section 55. This is the vertical relative displacement between the points G3, that is, the internal displacement between the tunnel wall surfaces. Thus, the vertical displacement shape in the measurement section 55 can be represented by the same index as the measurement of the internal displacement in the measurement item (measurement A) performed for daily construction management.

  Thereafter, until the upper vertical displacement amount and the lower vertical displacement amount in the measurement cross section 55 converge, the measurement by the light wave range finder 4 and the subsidometer 10 is repeated every predetermined number of days in the measurement cross section 55 in the tunnel 50. It becomes possible to measure the internal air displacement in the vertical direction over time.

  As described above, the light wave range finder 4 and the squat meter 10 are connected to the terminal device 5. Accordingly, in the measurement section 55 obtained from the upper vertical displacement of the measurement point G1 relative to the measurement point G2, the lower vertical displacement of the measurement point G3 relative to the measurement point G2, and the upper vertical displacement and the lower vertical displacement. The inner space displacement in the vertical direction is stored in the terminal device 5.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the vertical deformation state of the arbitrarily selected measurement section 55 in the tunnel 50 is measured by using both the light wave rangefinder 4 and the settlement meter 10 in combination. It can be expressed as a relative displacement between the wall surfaces, that is, an internal displacement.

  The vertical displacement measuring device 1 of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  For example, in the present embodiment, the vertical displacement in the vertical direction is calculated independently, but is not limited to this, and the displacement in the measurement item (measurement A) performed for daily construction management is not limited to this. It is possible to measure simultaneously with the measurement. In this case, the measurement point G1 set on the top end and the measurement point G2 set on the side wall may be shared with the measurement point set when measuring the internal displacement of measurement A.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the method of measuring the internal displacement in the vertical direction in the measurement cross section 55 in a state where the cross section of the tunnel 50 is temporarily closed has been described, but the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. For example, it is possible to measure the vertical displacement of the tunnel 50 in which the roadbed 57 is constructed on the invert part 54.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 6A, the roadbed 57 laid on the invert part 54 is excavated in a groove shape by a length from the measurement point G3 set on the invert part 54 to the side wall part. Then, a buried protective pipe 58 for protecting the settlement meter 10 is disposed. Then, as shown in FIG. 5B, the buried protective tube 58 is backfilled. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5C, the squat meter 10 is inserted into the buried protective tube 58 from the squat meter body 12 side, and the squat gauge body 12 is installed at the measurement point G3 on the invert part 54. What is necessary is just to install the reference | standard tank 11 in the measurement point G2 of a side wall part.

  In this way, when the vertical internal displacement measurement method in the measurement cross section 55 is adopted during the periodic inspection of the existing tunnel, the calculation result can be used to grasp the situation related to the selection of the deformation countermeasure work for the existing tunnel. Become.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Light wave rangefinder 2 Reflective target 3 Reflective target 4 Reflective target 5 Terminal device 10 Settlement meter 11 Reference water tank 111 Water supply / drain port 12 Settlement meter main body 121 Liquid chamber 122 Air chamber 123 Water pressure detection part 13 Communication water pipe 14 Atmospheric pressure adjustment pipe 141 Valve 15 Measurement cable 16 Data logger 17 Storage pipe 171 Settlement gauge main body storage case 172 Reference water tank storage case 50 Tunnel 51 Wellhead 52 Face 53 Steel support 54 Invert part 55 Measurement section 56 Work floor 57 Roadbed 58 Buried protective pipe

Claims (2)

An invert located vertically below the measurement point set at one of the pair of side walls that oppose each other and the top end in a measurement cross section arbitrarily selected in the tunnel. After setting the measurement point on the department,
While measuring the vertical displacement of the measurement point set at the top of the measurement point set on the side wall portion with a light wave range finder, calculating the upper vertical displacement of the measurement cross section,
Measure the vertical displacement of the measurement point set on the invert portion with respect to the measurement point set on the side wall portion with a subsidometer, calculate the lower vertical displacement amount of the measurement cross section,
An internal air displacement measuring method, comprising: measuring an internal air displacement in a vertical direction in the measurement cross section from the upper vertical displacement amount and the lower vertical displacement amount. The internal displacement measurement method according to claim 1,
A reference water tank comprising a sealed single water tank,
A subsidence meter main body comprising an air chamber partitioned by a water pressure detection unit and a liquid chamber filled with water;
One end is connected to the bottom of the reference water tank, the other end is connected to the liquid chamber of the settlement meter main body, and the communication water pipe is connected to the liquid chamber and the reference water tank and filled with water,
One end is connected to the top of the reference water tank, and the other end is connected to the air chamber of the subsidence meter main body, and includes an atmospheric pressure adjustment pipe that communicates the air chamber and the reference water tank.
An open / close valve is installed in the atmospheric pressure adjusting pipe.

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