JP2016211265A - Construction machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a construction machine capable of preventing damage of an engine and hydraulic equipment, while retreating the construction machine, when a cooling fan cannot be rotated, when a driving device of the cooling fan for supplying cooling air to a heat exchanger causes failure.SOLUTION: A construction machine comprises a crank pulley 30 arranged on a crankshaft 11a of an engine 11, a compressor pulley 31 arranged on a driving shaft 35 of an air-conditioning compressor 27 and a tension adjustment pulley 32, and a belt 34 is wound on these pulleys. On a fan pulley 33 installed on a fan rotary shaft 37 of a cooling fan, a movement mechanism is provided for contacting the fan pulley 33 with the belt 34 by relatively moving the belt 34, or the belt 34 is removed and hooked again on the crank pulley 30, the fan pulley 33 and the tension adjustment pulley 32, and thereby, the cooling fan is rotated by using motive power of the engine 11.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator, and particularly to a construction machine provided with a cooling fan.

  In general, a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator has a vehicle body composed of a crawler type lower traveling body and an upper revolving body that is turnably mounted on the lower traveling body.

  The upper swing body drives a swing frame that forms a support structure, an articulated work attachment, a driver seat for the driver to sit and operate, and a hydraulic motor mounted on the rear of the swing frame For this purpose, an engine and a battery, and a heat exchanger for cooling the heated liquid are included.

  The heat exchanger is composed of a radiator that cools the cooling water and an oil cooler that cools the hydraulic oil, and cool air is supplied to the heat exchanger by the rotation of the adjacent cooling fan to cool the cooling water and the hydraulic oil. It has a configuration.

  Here, it is a well-known technique about what comprised the drive source of the cooling fan which supplies cooling air to the heat exchanger of a construction machine independently from prime movers, such as an engine and a battery.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an air-cooled heat exchanger, a cooling fan that generates cooling air to the heat exchanger, a fan electric motor that is driven by battery power and rotates the cooling fan, Inverter device that drives and controls the electric motor for the fan, a lock lever that is provided at the entrance / exit and is operated to the unlock position and the lock position, and operation of the operation device is invalidated when the lock lever is operated to the lock position In the hydraulic excavator provided with the lock valve, the inverter device is disclosed to stop the electric motor for the fan when the lock lever is operated to the lock position.

Japanese Patent No. 5171888

  By the way, in the above-described conventional technology, an electric motor is used as a driving source of a cooling fan that supplies cooling air to the heat exchanger. However, it is necessary to take measures when the electric motor fails and the cooling fan cannot be rotated. There is.

  When such a failure occurs, it is necessary to evacuate the construction machine for repair, but if the cooling fan remains stopped during the evacuation, the cooling water and hydraulic oil will reach a high temperature, causing the engine and hydraulic There is a problem that leads to breakage of equipment.

  Therefore, the present invention provides means for driving the cooling fan in place of the driving source when the driving source of the cooling fan supplying cooling air to the heat exchanger of the construction machine fails and the cooling fan cannot be rotated. Provided is a construction machine that can prevent engine and hydraulic equipment from being damaged while the machine is evacuated.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention is a construction having a prime mover, a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange, a cooling fan that supplies cooling air to the heat exchanger, and a fan driving device that drives the cooling fan. The machine includes a crank pulley provided on a crankshaft of the prime mover, a fan pulley provided on a drive shaft of the fan driving device, and a belt for power transmission, the belt rotating the crank pulley with the fan The transmission state can be switched between a transmission state transmitted to the pulley and a non-transmission state where the rotation of the crank pulley is not transmitted to the fan pulley.

  According to this configuration, the belt can be switched between the transmission state and the non-transmission state, and the cooling fan can be rotated by the power of the prime mover as necessary.

  In the present invention, the belt is detachably wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley, and the belt enters the transmission state when the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley. If it is not wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley, the non-transmission state can be achieved (claim 2).

  According to this configuration, since the cooling fan can be rotated by the power of the prime mover by winding the belt around the fan pulley and the crank pulley, it is low when the fan drive device fails and the cooling fan cannot rotate. The cooling fan can be driven at low cost and easily.

  In this case, a compressor pulley is provided on a drive shaft of an air conditioning compressor mounted in the vicinity of the prime mover, the belt length when the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley, and the crank pulley The compressor and the fan driving device are arranged so that the belt length when the belt is wound around the compressor pulley is the same, and the belt includes the crank pulley, the fan pulley, and the crank pulley. It is desirable that it can be wound around both the compressor pulley and the compressor pulley.

  According to this configuration, the cooling fan can be rotated by the power of the prime mover by removing the belt wound around the crank pulley and the compressor pulley and winding it around the crank pulley and the fan pulley. There is no need to prepare a spare belt for driving.

  Alternatively, a compressor pulley is provided on a drive shaft of an air conditioning compressor mounted in the vicinity of the prime mover, and a driven wheel for adjusting the tension of the belt is provided, and the belt is provided on the crank pulley, the driven wheel, and the fan pulley. The compressor and the fan driving device are configured such that the belt length when the belt is wound and the belt length when the belt is wound around the crank pulley, the driven wheel, and the compressor pulley are the same. The driven wheel is disposed, and the belt is preferably wound around any of the crank pulley, the driven wheel, the fan pulley, the crank pulley, the driven wheel, and the compressor pulley. 4).

  According to this configuration, the compressor pulley can be rotated by the power of the prime mover by removing the belt wound around the crank pulley, the driven wheel, and the compressor pulley and winding it around the crank pulley, the driven wheel, and the fan pulley. It is not necessary to prepare a spare belt for driving the cooling fan.

  Further, the present invention provides a pulley different from the crank pulley and the fan pulley, and the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the other pulley, thereby rotating the crank pulley. A transmission mechanism capable of transmitting to the pulley and moving the belt relative to the fan pulley, wherein the movement mechanism enables switching between a state in which the fan pulley contacts the belt and a state in which the fan pulley does not contact the belt; When the fan pulley contacts the belt, the transmission state is established, and when the fan pulley does not contact the belt, the non-transmission state is established.

  According to this configuration, the cooling fan can be rotated by the power of the prime mover by moving the belt wound around the crank pulley and another pulley and bringing it into contact with the fan pulley. Therefore, it is possible to easily drive the cooling fan.

  In this case, the other pulley is one or both of a compressor pulley provided on a drive shaft of a compressor for air conditioning mounted in the vicinity of the prime mover, or a driven wheel for adjusting the tension of the belt, and the belt The compressor pulley or the driven wheel can be moved by the moving mechanism, and the compressor pulley or the driven wheel can be moved in a direction toward or away from the fan pulley. Accordingly, it is desirable that the fan pulley can be switched between a state in which the fan pulley is in contact with the belt and a state in which the fan pulley is not in contact with the belt.

  According to this configuration, the cooling fan can be rotated by moving the compressor and the driven wheel and moving the belt wound around one or both of the crank pulley and the compressor pulley or the driven wheel to contact the fan pulley. When the fan pulley is rotated by the power of the prime mover, the compressor can be operated while driving the cooling fan.

  In the present invention, the fan driving device is disposed on the same side as the prime mover with respect to a plane on which the fan pulley and the crank pulley are disposed, and is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the crankshaft with respect to the prime mover. It is desirable that at least a part of the fan driving device overlaps with the prime mover in the perpendicular direction.

  According to this configuration, the entire length of the entire cooling system from the prime mover to the cooling fan can be shortened, and the degree of freedom in layout to the construction machine can be increased.

  In the present invention, the fan driving device is an electric motor, and it is desirable that the electric motor can be disconnected from an electric circuit that supplies electric power to the electric motor.

  According to this configuration, the electric circuit and the electric motor can be separated, and when the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley and the cooling fan is driven by the power of the prime mover, the electric power generated by the electric motor is supplied to the electric circuit. It can be made not to affect.

  Alternatively, the cooling fan drive device is a hydraulic motor, and preferably has a replenishment circuit for supplying hydraulic oil from the protruding side of the hydraulic motor to the suction side.

  According to this configuration, the hydraulic motor does not cause cavitation when the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley, the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley, and the cooling fan is driven by the power of the prime mover. Can be.

  According to the present invention, the cooling fan can be driven by the power of the prime mover, instead of the cooling fan driving device that supplies the cooling air to the heat exchanger of the construction machine.

Side view of construction machinery Plan view showing equipment layout of upper swing body Rear view of engine showing power system equipment layout The left view of the engine explaining Embodiment 1 Block diagram of the drive system when the motor is an electric motor Hydraulic circuit when the motor is a hydraulic motor The left side view of the engine explaining the normal state of Embodiment 2 The left side view of the engine explaining the movement of the cooling fan by Embodiment 2

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  In the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description thereof is omitted.

<Embodiment 1>
As shown in FIG. 1, a construction machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a crawler-type lower traveling body 2, an upper revolving body 3 that is turnably mounted on the lower traveling body 2, and an upper revolving body 3. The work attachment which consists of the boom 4, the arm 5, and the bucket 6 is mounted in the front part.

  The upper swing body 3 is provided with a cab 8 provided on the left side of the front part and provided with a cab where an operator is seated, and a counterweight 9 at the rear end part.

  An engine room 10 is formed in front of the counterweight 9, and an engine 11 as a prime mover is mounted in the engine room 10.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a hydraulic pump 20 and a generator 29 are attached in parallel to the side portion of the engine 11 via a power distribution device 15.

  The hydraulic pump 20 is driven by the engine 11 to discharge hydraulic oil to various actuators.

  The generator 29 is driven by the engine 11 to supply power to various electric devices.

  An engine muffler 21 is attached in the vicinity of the engine 11, and the engine muffler 21 purifies exhaust gas discharged from the engine 11, and discharges the exhaust gas to the outside through an exhaust port (not shown).

  An intake chamber 12 as a part of the engine room 10 is provided on the left side of the engine 11, and a cooling fan 24 that sucks outside air and a heat exchanger 23 that is cooled by the sucked outside air are mounted in the intake chamber 12. .

  The heat exchanger 23 includes a radiator 23 a that cools the cooling water of the engine 11 and an oil cooler 23 b that cools hydraulic oil.

  Further, a motor 26 for rotating the cooling fan 24 adjacent to the engine 11 and an air conditioning compressor 27 in the cab 8 are mounted.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a belt transmission device 25 is provided on the side surface of the engine 11.

  3 and 4, the belt transmission device 25 includes a crank pulley 30 disposed at the tip of the crankshaft 11 a that is located near the lower portion of the engine 11 and a compressor disposed on the drive shaft 35 of the compressor 27. A pulley 31, a tension adjustment pulley 32 disposed on the rotation shaft 36 of the plate 28, and a fan pulley 33 disposed on the fan rotation shaft 37 of the cooling fan 24, and further by a belt 34 wound around each pulley. Composed.

  The motor 26 is disposed on the same side as the engine 11 with respect to the plane on which the fan pulley 33 and the crank pulley 30 are disposed, and is disposed in a direction in front of the engine 11 and perpendicular to the crankshaft 11a. The portion overlaps the engine 11 in the front-rear direction of the upper swing body 3.

  Thereby, when the motor 26 is arranged on a different side from the engine 11 with respect to the plane on which the fan pulley 33 and the crank pulley 30 are arranged, or on the plane on which the fan pulley 33 and the crank pulley 30 are arranged. 11, compared with the case where the upper revolving unit 3 is arranged so as not to overlap the crankshaft 11 a in the front-rear direction and the up-down direction of the upper revolving structure 3 with respect to the engine 11. Since the entire length of the entire cooling system up to this point can be shortened, the degree of freedom in layout to the construction machine 1 can be increased.

  In normal times, the belt 34 is wound around the crank pulley 30, the compressor pulley 31, and the tension adjustment pulley 32, and the rotation of the crank pulley 30 is transmitted to the compressor pulley 31.

  The plate 28 is rotatable about a fulcrum 28a, and by tightening a bolt 28b that engages a groove 39a on an arc of the plate 39 fixed to a bracket 40 disposed on the upper portion of the engine 11, It is fixed at an arbitrary position on the plate 39 side.

  The tension adjusting pulley 32 can move its position as the plate 28 moves, and the tension of the belt 34 can be adjusted.

  The plate 39 is rotatable about the fulcrum 39b and can be fixed at an arbitrary angle, and the angle of the groove 39a can be changed.

  Next, means for rotating the cooling fan 24 by the power of the engine 11 instead of the motor 26 will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a belt 34 wound around the crank pulley 30, the tension adjusting pulley 32, and the compressor pulley 31, and a belt 34a wound around the crank pulley 30, the tension adjusting pulley 32, and the fan pulley 33. The crankshaft 11a, the drive shaft 35, the rotation shaft 36, and the fan rotation shaft 37 are arranged so that the lengths are the same.

  Therefore, since the rotation of the crank pulley 30 is transmitted to the fan pulley 33 through the belt 34 by changing the belt 34 to the position of the belt 34a, the cooling fan 24 is rotated by the power of the engine 11. Can do.

  When the belt 34 is replaced with the belt 34 a and the tension of the belt 34 becomes inappropriate, the tension adjustment pulley 32 can be moved to adjust the tension of the belt 34.

  Incidentally, when the cooling fan 24 is rotated by the power of the engine 11, a structure that does not adversely affect the motor 26 is required.

  A structure which does not adversely affect this will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a drive system provided when the motor 26 is an electric motor.

  In this configuration diagram, a generator 29 is connected to the motor 26 as a main power source via an inverter 40, and the generator 29 supplies power to the motor 26 using the power of the engine 11.

  Further, the connection between the inverter 40 and the motor 26 can be disconnected.

  In this configuration, when the cooling fan 24 is rotated by the power of the engine 11, the motor 26 is rotated when the cooling fan 24 is rotated by the power of the engine 11 by disconnecting the connection between the inverter 40 and the motor 26. It is possible to prevent the generated power from affecting the electric circuit.

  Even when a battery is used instead of the generator 29, the same effect can be obtained.

  FIG. 6 shows a hydraulic circuit provided when the motor 26 is a hydraulic motor.

  This hydraulic circuit includes a replenishment circuit 43 including a motor 26 and a control valve 41.

  The control valve 41 can be switched between an open position 45 that allows hydraulic oil to pass therethrough and a closed position 44 that blocks the hydraulic oil.

  When the control valve 41 is in the open position 45, the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 20 does not pass through the motor 26 and returns directly to the tank, and the motor 26 does not rotate.

  When the control valve 41 is in the closed position 44, the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 20 passes through the motor 26, rotates the motor 26, and returns to the tank.

  A replenishment circuit 43 that supplies hydraulic oil from the protruding side of the motor 26 to the suction side is provided around the motor 26.

  The replenishment circuit 43 can prevent cavitation from occurring due to a pressure difference between the protruding side and the suction side of the motor 26 when the motor 26 is rotated by the power of the engine 11.

<Embodiment 2>
Regarding the means of the second embodiment, the differences from the first embodiment will be described.

  In the means of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the bracket 40 is provided with a fulcrum 28a, is movable in the direction of a double arrow A, and can be fixed at an arbitrary position.

  At normal time, the belt 34 is wound around the crank pulley 30, the compressor pulley 31, and the tension adjusting pulley 32 as shown in FIG. 7, and the rotation of the crank pulley 30 is transmitted to the compressor pulley 31.

  By moving the bracket 40 and changing the position of the adjustment pulley 32 shown in FIG. 7, the belt 34 between the compressor pulley 31 and the tension adjustment pulley 32 can be brought into contact with the fan pulley 33 as shown in FIG.

  In this state, the rotation of the crank pulley 30 is transmitted to the fan pulley 33 via the belt 34, and the cooling fan 24 can be rotated by the power of the engine 11.

  When the belt 34 is brought into contact with the fan pulley 33 and the tension of the belt 34 becomes inappropriate, the tension adjustment pulley 32 can be moved to adjust the tension of the belt 34.

  With this means, it is not necessary to remove the belt 34, and the compressor 27 can be operated simultaneously with the cooling fan 24.

  Also in the second embodiment, it is desirable to provide means for avoiding adverse effects when the cooling fan 24 is rotated by the power of the engine 11 as in the configuration diagram shown in FIG. 5 and the hydraulic circuit shown in FIG.

<Other embodiments>
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

  For example, if the compressor pulley 31 is configured to be movable, the tension of the belt 34 can be adjusted, so that the tension adjusting pulley 32 is not necessary.

  When the tension adjusting pulley 32 is omitted, the belt 34 is wound around the crank pulley 30 and the compressor pulley 31 at normal times, and the rotation of the crank pulley 30 is transmitted to the compressor pulley 31.

  Therefore, in order to transmit the rotation of the crank pulley 30 to the fan pulley 33, the belt 34 may be removed and wound around the crank pulley 30 and the fan pulley 33.

  Alternatively, the crankshaft 11a, the drive shaft 35, and the fan rotation shaft 37 may be arranged so that the belt 34 between the crank pulley 30 and the compressor pulley 31 can contact the fan pulley 33.

  Even when both the compressor pulley 31 and the tension adjusting pulley 32 are not provided, the rotation of the crank pulley 30 can be transmitted to the fan pulley 33 by winding the belt 34 around the crank pulley 30 and the fan pulley 33. .

  In this case, since the belt 34 is not normally used, it is desirable to store it in the engine room 10 or the cab 8.

  In the means of the second embodiment, the compressor pulley 31 may be moved simultaneously with the tension adjustment pulley 32 so that the belt 34 contacts the fan pulley 33.

  Alternatively, the motor 26 can be moved, and the fan pulley 33 is in contact with the belt 34 by approaching and separating from the belt 34 wound around the crank pulley 30, the compressor pulley 31, and the tension adjusting pulley 32. You may comprise so that the state which does not contact with may be switched.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Construction machine 2 Lower traveling body 3 Upper revolving body 8 Cab 10 Engine room 11 Engine 12 Intake chamber 20 Hydraulic pump 21 Engine muffler 23 Heat exchanger 24 Cooling fan 25 Belt drive 26 Motor 27 Compressor 28 Plate 29 Generator 30 Crank pulley 31 Compressor pulley 32 Tension adjustment pulley 33 Fan pulley 34 Belt

Claims (9)

In a construction machine having a prime mover, a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange, a cooling fan that supplies cooling air to the heat exchanger, and a fan driving device that drives the cooling fan,
A crank pulley provided on the crankshaft of the prime mover, a fan pulley provided on a drive shaft of the fan driving device, and a belt for power transmission,
The construction machine, wherein the belt can be switched between a transmission state in which rotation of the crank pulley is transmitted to the fan pulley and a non-transmission state in which rotation of the crank pulley is not transmitted to the fan pulley. The belt is detachably wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley,
The transmission state is established when the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley, and the non-transmission state is established unless the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley. The construction machine according to claim 1. A compressor pulley is provided on the drive shaft of the air conditioning compressor mounted in the vicinity of the prime mover,
The belt length when the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the fan pulley is the same as the belt length when the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the compressor pulley. Arranging the compressor and the fan drive,
The construction machine according to claim 2, wherein the belt can be wound around the crank pulley, the fan pulley, the crank pulley, and the compressor pulley. A compressor pulley is provided on a drive shaft of an air conditioning compressor mounted in the vicinity of the prime mover, and a driven wheel for adjusting the tension of the belt is provided.
The belt length when the belt is wound around the crank pulley, the driven wheel, and the fan pulley, and the belt length when the belt is wound around the crank pulley, the driven wheel, and the compressor pulley And the compressor, the fan driving device and the driven wheel are arranged so that they are the same,
The construction machine according to claim 2, wherein the belt can be wound around any of the crank pulley, the driven wheel, the fan pulley, the crank pulley, the driven wheel, and the compressor pulley. The crank pulley and the fan pulley are provided with a different pulley, and the belt is wound around the crank pulley and the other pulley, so that the rotation of the crank pulley can be transmitted to the other pulley,
A moving mechanism for moving the belt relative to the fan pulley, and the moving mechanism enables switching between a state in which the fan pulley is in contact with the belt and a state in which the fan pulley is not in contact with the belt;
The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein when the fan pulley comes into contact with the belt, the transmission state is established, and when the fan pulley does not contact the belt, the non-transmission state is established. The other pulley is one or both of a compressor pulley provided on a drive shaft of an air conditioning compressor mounted in the vicinity of the prime mover, or a driven wheel for adjusting the tension of the belt,
The belt is movable by the moving mechanism that allows one or both of the compressor pulley and the driven wheel to move.
By moving one or both of the compressor pulley and the driven wheel toward or away from the fan pulley, the fan pulley can be switched between a state in which the fan pulley contacts the belt and a state in which the fan pulley does not contact the belt. The construction machine according to claim 5.   The fan driving device is disposed on the same side as the prime mover with respect to a plane on which the fan pulley and the crank pulley are disposed, and is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the crankshaft with respect to the prime mover. The construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least a part of the device overlaps with the prime mover in the perpendicular direction.   The construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fan driving device is an electric motor, and the electric motor can be separated from an electric circuit that supplies electric power to the electric motor.   The driving device of the cooling fan is a hydraulic motor, and has a replenishment circuit that supplies hydraulic oil from the protruding side of the hydraulic motor to the suction side. Construction machinery.

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