JP2016200536A - Measurement apparatus and combustion furnace facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To measure an adhesion state of ashes adhering to a heat transfer pipe of a combustion furnace facility.SOLUTION: A measurement apparatus 1 comprises a base plate 2 attached to a flange 103 of an opening portion 102 of a combustion furnace facility 100. A window 3 and a probe insertion hole 4 are provided in the base plate 2, a window glass 8 is attached to the window 3, and a probe 5 is inserted into and disposed in the probe insertion hole 4 in a state where the probe comes in contact with the window glass 8. The probe 5 supplies air 24a and water 24b as a cooling medium 24 to an internal cooling medium flow passage 19 from cooling medium supply means 6. An imaging device 7 imaging a portion closer to a tip end of the probe 5 through the window is provided near a front surface of the base plate 2. A front surface temperature of the probe 5 is controlled in accordance with a front surface temperature of a heat transfer pipe present in a portion to be measured in a combustion furnace facility 100, the imaging device 7 images ashes 13 adhering to the portion closer to the tip end of the probe 5 in this state, and a thickness and a growth rate of the adhering ashes 13 and a cycle of spontaneous falling of the adhering ashes are measured on the basis of a picked-up image.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus used for measuring the amount of ash deposited in a furnace of a combustion furnace, and a combustion furnace facility equipped with the measuring apparatus.

  Among the water tube boilers, in the pulverized coal fired boiler, ash generated by combustion may adhere to or accumulate on the surface of the water tube in the furnace or the heat transfer tube of the superheater. Such ash adhesion hinders heat transfer due to radiation from the flame and heat transfer from the high-temperature gas, leading to a reduction in the efficiency of the entire boiler.

  For the stable operation of the boiler, it is effective to remove the attached ash using an ash removal device such as a soot blower, and it is also effective to select coal that does not easily adhere to ash as the coal used for fuel. .

  When determining the driving conditions (driving timing and number of times) of an ash removal device such as a soot blower, or when selecting coal, for example, measuring the increasing rate of adhering ash or adhering as ash adhering status information Measurement of the natural ash shedding cycle is required. These measurements are obtained based on visual information.

  As means for obtaining the adhesion state of ash in the furnace as visual information, for example, the following has been conventionally proposed.

  This is because a water-cooling type cooling jacket penetrating inward and outward is attached to the water tube wall of the boiler furnace, and a peep opening at an angle toward the water tube wall side is formed at the inner end of the cooling jacket. And a reflecting mirror attached to the inside of the opening. Furthermore, the distal end side of the image fiber is inserted into the cooling jacket from the outside of the furnace, and the distal end thereof is arranged toward the reflecting mirror, and the other end side (base end side) of the image fiber is connected to the camera. (See, for example, Patent Document 1 (FIGS. 3 and 4)).

  As a result, the part where the peeping opening on the inner surface side of the water pipe wall is directed is photographed with a camera through a reflector and an image fiber, and the image data photographed immediately after the soot blower is activated and photographed after a certain period of time. The thickness of the ash (attached dust) adhering to the water pipe is obtained by comparing with the obtained image data.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-9113

  However, the one disclosed in Patent Document 1 can only photograph an area in the direction (angle) in which the viewing opening of the cooling jacket faces. Therefore, what was shown by patent document 1 is restricted to the place where a heat exchanger tube is arrange | positioned along the inner side of a wall like a water pipe wall.

  Note that if a cooling jacket with a different orientation of the peeping opening is prepared, the ash adhesion status can be measured at locations other than the inside of the wall. Requires a special cooling jacket.

  Therefore, the present invention is applied to various parts of the combustion furnace equipment, and provides a measuring apparatus that can measure the adhesion state of ash adhering to the heat transfer tubes, and a combustion furnace equipment equipped with the measuring apparatus. It is what.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a base plate attached to a measurement object, a window and a probe insertion hole provided in the base plate, a transparent member provided in the window, and the probe insertion hole inserted from the surface side. A probe which is disposed and has a distal end projecting toward the back side of the base plate, a cooling medium supply means connected to a cooling medium flow path inside the probe from the proximal end side of the probe, and through the window from the front side of the base plate The measuring device includes an imaging device that images a portion near the tip of the probe.

  The cooling medium supply means has a function of supplying air and water as a cooling medium to the cooling medium flow path of the probe.

  The transparent member is provided with a notch on the probe insertion hole side, and the probe inserted and arranged in the probe insertion hole is arranged in the notch of the transparent member.

  The probe is configured to be in contact with the transparent member.

  An image analysis device connected to the imaging device, wherein the image analysis device detects the outer shape of the ash attached to the probe in the captured image, and the detected outer shape of the ash and the position of the outer surface of the probe And a function of detecting the thickness of the ash attached to the probe from the difference in shape.

  The image analysis apparatus is configured to have a function of detecting a growth rate of the ash attached to the probe based on a change with time of the thickness of the ash attached to the probe.

  When the thickness or shape of the ash attached to the probe decreases, the image analysis apparatus stores the time as if the ash has fallen naturally, and measures the period at which the ash naturally falls off. This is a configuration having functions.

  A purge nozzle disposed on the back surface side of the base plate toward the window glass; a purge gas line disposed through the base plate from the front surface side to the back surface side and having a tip connected to the purge nozzle; and a purge gas line And a purge gas supply unit connected to the base end side.

  A thermocouple that measures the surface temperature of the probe, another thermocouple that measures the internal temperature of the probe inside the location where the thermocouple is installed, and detection signals of the thermocouple and another thermocouple are input. The heat flux measuring device is provided.

  Let the measurement apparatus which has the structure in any one of the above be combustion furnace equipment provided with the opening of the wall surface.

  According to the measuring apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to measure the adhesion state of ash adhering to the heat transfer tube by applying it to various parts of the combustion furnace facility.

  Moreover, according to the combustion furnace equipment of the present invention, the ash adhesion state can be measured for the heat transfer tubes existing at the locations where the measuring devices are attached to the openings.

It is a general | schematic cutting top view which shows 1st Embodiment of a measuring device. It is a general | schematic cutting side view of the measuring apparatus of FIG. It is an AA direction arrow line view of FIG. The probe in 1st Embodiment is shown, (a) is a schematic cut | disconnection side view, (b) is a BB direction arrow directional view of (a). It is a schematic diagram which shows the cooling medium supply means in the measuring apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the usefulness of mixing and using air and water as a cooling medium of a probe in the measuring apparatus of 1st Embodiment. The result of the test implemented with the measuring apparatus of 1st Embodiment is shown, (a) is a figure which shows the result of the temperature control of a probe, (b) is a figure which shows the measurement result of a heat flux. As a result of the test by the measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment, a photographed image of the camera is shown. (A), (b), (c), (d), and (e) are time series of changes in ash attached to the probe, respectively. It is a figure shown in order along. The 2nd Embodiment of a measuring device is shown and it is a figure which shows the modification of a probe. It is a figure which shows the example which applied the measuring apparatus to the combustion furnace installation.

  The measuring apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing a first embodiment of the measuring device, FIG. 2 is a schematic side view, and FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 4A and 4B show a probe in the present embodiment, in which FIG. 4A is a schematic cut side view, and FIG. 4B is a view taken in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 4A. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the cooling medium supply means in the measurement apparatus of the present embodiment, and FIG. 6 explains the usefulness of using a mixture of air and water as the probe cooling medium in the measurement apparatus of the first embodiment. It is a figure for doing. FIG. 7 shows the result of the test performed by the measuring apparatus of the first embodiment. FIG. 7 (a) shows the result of the temperature control of the probe, and FIG. 7 (b) shows the result of the heat flux measurement. FIG. FIG. 8 shows a photographed image of the camera as a result of the test by the measuring apparatus of the first embodiment. (A), (b), (c), (d), and (e) are the ash attached to the probe, respectively. It is a figure which shows a change in order along a time series.

  The measurement apparatus of the present embodiment is indicated by reference numeral 1 in FIGS. 1 to 3, and includes a circular base plate 2, a window 3 and a probe insertion hole 4 provided in a central portion of the base plate 2, and a probe insertion hole 4. The probe 5 inserted and disposed, the cooling medium supply means 6 connected to the base end side (one end side) of the probe 5 protruding to the surface side of the base plate 2, and the back surface of the base plate 2 disposed on the surface side of the base plate 2 It is configured to include a photographing device (camera) 7 that photographs a portion near the tip (proximal to the other end) of the probe 5 protruding to the side through the window 3. The surface of the base plate 2 is a surface that faces the outside when attached to the combustion furnace facility 100 described later, and the back surface is a surface that faces the inside when attached to the combustion furnace facility 100.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the base plate 2 is a member that is attached to the opening 102 provided in the wall surface 101 of the measurement target portion of the combustion furnace facility 100, and a flange provided in the opening 102. 103 has an outer shape overlapping with 103. Accordingly, the base plate 2 is shown as having a circular outer shape in FIG. 3, but it is needless to say that the base plate 2 may have any other shape depending on the shape of the flange 103 to be installed. is there. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the outer peripheral edge of the base plate 2 is attached to the flange 103 by a bolt 104 and a nut (not shown) or a removable fixing means such as a clamp (not shown).

  The window 3 and the probe insertion hole 4 are provided in the center portion of the base plate 2 so as to be adjacent to each other and through the front and back sides in an arrangement that does not interfere with the opening 102 to which the base plate 2 is attached and the flange 103 thereof. Yes.

  In this embodiment, for example, the window 3 is rectangular, and the probe insertion hole 4 is circular with a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical probe 5.

  The window 3 and the probe insertion hole 4 are partially connected in the circumferential direction. In the present embodiment, the window 3 is formed so as to overlap a part of the outer peripheral edge in the circumferential direction of the probe insertion hole 4.

  The window 3 is an opening for observation, and a window glass 8 as a transparent member is attached to the window 3 on the surface side of the base plate 2. In consideration of heat resistance, the window glass 8 is preferably made of heat-resistant glass, for example, quartz glass. The window glass 8 has a rectangular shape that is slightly larger than the window 3, and a base plate is formed by a pressing member 9 and a bolt 10 having three sides excluding one side located on the probe insertion hole 4 side and extending along the three sides. 2 is fixed to the surface. Airtightness is maintained by sandwiching the gasket 11 between the surface of the base plate 2 and the window glass 8 and between the window glass 8 and the pressing member 9.

  On one side of the window glass 8 located on the probe insertion hole 4 side, a notch 12 is provided along an arc drawn with the same diameter as the probe insertion hole 4 from the center of the probe insertion hole 4.

  The diameter of the probe insertion hole 4 is set to be larger than the outer diameter of the probe 5. This is to enable the probe 5 to be extracted from the probe insertion hole 4 even when the ash 13 is attached to the portion near the tip of the probe 5 as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. .

  At a position surrounding the probe insertion hole 4 on the surface of the base plate 2, probe holding means 14 for holding the probe 5 inserted and arranged in the probe insertion hole 4 in an arrangement in contact with the window glass 8 is provided.

  The probe holding means 14 includes, for example, brackets 15 protruding in a plurality of locations (three locations in the figure) in the circumferential direction including locations opposite to the window 3 at positions surrounding the probe insertion holes 4 on the surface of the base plate 2. Each bracket 15 includes a holding bolt 16 screwed into a screw hole (not shown) provided along the radial direction of the probe insertion hole 4. According to the probe holding means 14 having such a configuration, the probe 5 inserted into the probe insertion hole 4 is arranged so as to contact the notch 12 of the window glass 8, and in this state, each holding bolt 16 is screwed into the screw hole of the bracket 15. The position of the probe 5 is held by pressing the front end of each presser bolt 16 against the outer surface of the probe 5.

  Thus, since the probe 5 is arranged in the notch 12 of the window glass 8, the probe 5 can be arranged close to the window 3. Further, by arranging the probe 5 in contact with the window glass 8, the probe 5 can be opened to the window without being obstructed by the entire portion of the probe 5 protruding to the back side of the base plate 2 through the probe insertion hole 4. Observation through the glass 8 becomes possible. For this reason, it is possible to more easily observe the portion near the tip of the probe 5 through the window 3.

  At this time, between the outer peripheral surface of the probe 5 held in the probe insertion hole 4, the inner surface of the probe insertion hole 4 and the window glass 8, and further between the surface of the base plate 2 and the window glass by the thickness of the gasket 11. The formed gap is sealed by filling a sealing material 17 having flexibility and heat resistance such as a heat-resistant cloth.

  As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the probe 5 has a hollow cylindrical shape with the distal end side (the right side in FIG. 4A) closed, and a proximal end portion (FIG. 4) in the internal space. A cylindrical flow path forming member 18 arranged concentrically is inserted and disposed from the left end portion in FIG. As a result, the cooling medium flow path 19 having a configuration in which the inner flow path 19 a and the outer flow path 19 b that are partitioned inward and outward by the flow path forming member 18 are connected to the inner space of the probe 5 on the distal end side of the probe 5. Is formed. The probe 5 is made of, for example, SUS.

  The base end portion of the outer flow path 19 b is closed by a closing member 20 attached to the outer periphery of the flow path forming member 18. On the peripheral wall near the base end of the probe 5, a tubular member 21 that penetrates the peripheral wall from the outside in the radial direction and communicates with the outer flow path 19 b that is the end side of the cooling medium flow path 19 is provided. Thus, the cooling medium flow path 19 has a configuration in which the base end portion of the flow path forming member 18 is an inlet 22 and the outer end portion of the tubular member 21 is an outlet 23, and the cooling medium 24 is circulated through the cooling medium flow path 19. Can be made.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the probe 5 is disposed on the outer surface (surface) of the portion disposed on the inner side of the wall surface 101 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) of the combustion furnace facility 100. A thermocouple 25 for measuring the surface temperature is provided.

  Furthermore, a thermocouple 26 for measuring the inner surface temperature as the internal temperature of the probe 5 is provided on the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the probe 5 at a position radially inward from the installation position of the thermocouple 25. The inner surface temperature of the probe 5 measured by the thermocouple 26 is used for calculation of heat flux described later.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the cooling medium supply means 6 includes a compressor, an air supply source 27 such as plant air generally installed in a plant, and a dryer (drying unit) connected in turn to the air supply source 27. ) 28 and a receiver tank 29, and a distributor 30 connected to the receiver tank 29. A mass flow controller 32 corresponding to the number of measuring devices 1 of the present embodiment provided in the combustion furnace facility 100 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) is connected to the distributor 30 via individual air lines 31. ing. The inlet 22 of the individual probe 5 is connected to the downstream side of the mass flow controller 32 via an air supply line 31a. In the mass flow controller 32, an air supply amount to the probe 5 is set based on information on the surface temperature of a heat transfer tube (not shown) existing at a location where the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is attached in the combustion furnace facility 100. The

  Thereby, the air 24 a supplied from the air supply source 27 is temporarily stored in the receiver tank 29 in a dry state via the dryer 28, and then supplied from the distributor 30 to the mass flow controller 32 via the air line 31. Thereafter, the mass flow controller 32 supplies air 24a, which is a component of the cooling medium 24, to the inlet 22 of the probe 5 through the air supply line 31a with the set air supply amount.

  Further, a discharge side of a water supply pump 34 such as a tubing pump that supplies water 24 b is connected to a midway position of the air supply line 31 a via a water supply line 33. The suction side of the water supply pump 34 is connected to a water supply source 35 such as a water tank or a water tank.

  Further, a command from the controller 36 is input to the water supply pump 34. The controller 36 receives the measurement result of the surface temperature of the probe 5 by the temperature detector 37 connected to the thermocouple 25. Further, when information on the surface temperature of the heat transfer tube existing at the measurement target location where the probe 5 is arranged is input in advance or when the information is called from the database, the controller 36 reads the surface temperature of the probe 5. The control target is set to the surface temperature of the heat transfer tube, and when the measured value of the surface temperature of the probe 5 by the thermocouple 25 is higher than the control target, the water supply pump 34 has a function of giving an ON command to start the operation. I have. On the other hand, when the measured value of the surface temperature of the probe 5 by the thermocouple 25 is lower than the control target, the controller 36 has a function of giving an off command for stopping the operation to the water supply pump 34. Thereby, the surface temperature of the probe 5 is feedback-controlled so as to coincide with the control target. As this feedback control method, a PID control method or other existing feedback control methods may be employed.

  Here, the advantage of using a mixture of air 24a and water 24b as the cooling medium 24 flowing through the cooling medium flow path 19 of the probe 5 will be described.

  For example, in a boiler facility, which is one of the combustion furnace facilities, the water pipe provided in the furnace as the heat transfer pipe is also the surface of the water pipe disposed in the lower part of the furnace and the water pipe exposed to the flame in the upper part of the furnace. The surface temperatures of the heat transfer tubes contacting the combustion gas, such as the heat transfer tube of the superheater and the heat transfer tube of the reheater, are also different.

  Therefore, in the boiler equipment, the surface temperature of the heat transfer tube (including the water tube) varies in a wide temperature range from 400 ° C to 800 ° C.

  Since the surface temperature of the probe 5 is required to match the surface temperature of the heat transfer tube existing at the location where the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is attached, it is desirable to control it in a wide temperature range from 400 ° C to 800 ° C. It is.

  When the probe 5 is cooled only with water, that is, when the flow rate of air is zero, the surface temperature of the probe 5 is shown by a line X0 in FIG. 6, and the inner surface temperature of the probe 5 is shown by a line Y0. In addition, the numerical calculation result on the conditions which the furnace temperature is set to 1100 degreeC, the gas flow rate is 5 m / s, and the temperature of water is 20 degreeC is shown. In the graph of FIG. 6, the vertical axis represents temperature [° C.], and the horizontal axis represents water supply amount [cc (Normal) / min]. In addition, the value of the water supply amount shown in FIG. 6 is a calculated value.

  In this case, as can be seen from the line X0, it is possible to control the surface temperature of the probe 5 up to about 450 ° C. However, when the surface temperature of the probe 5 reaches about 500 ° C., as apparent from the line Y 0, the inner surface temperature of the probe 5 reaches 100 ° C., and water boils inside the cooling medium flow path 19 of the probe 5. Since the phenomenon of becoming steam occurs, it becomes difficult to accurately control the flow rate of water or steam. Therefore, when only water is used as the cooling medium for the probe 5, the temperature of the probe cannot be controlled to 500 ° C. or higher.

  On the other hand, when air 24a and water 24b are mixed and used as the cooling medium 24 of the probe 5, for example, when the flow rate of air is set to 5 L (Normal) / min, the probe 5 is shown by a line X5 in FIG. As a result, the inner surface temperature of the probe 5 is indicated by a line Y5.

  When the air flow rate is 10 L (Normal) / min, the surface temperature of the probe 5 is shown by a line X10 in FIG. 6, and the inner surface temperature of the probe 5 is shown by a line Y10.

  Further, when the air flow rate is set to 30 L (Normal) / min, the surface temperature of the probe 5 is shown by a line X30 in FIG. 6, and the inner surface temperature of the probe 5 is shown by a line Y30.

  Similarly, when the air flow rate is set to 50 L (Normal) / min, the surface temperature of the probe 5 is shown by a line X50 in FIG. 6, and the inner surface temperature of the probe 5 is shown by a line Y50.

  From these results, by using a mixture of air 24a and water 24b as the cooling medium 24 of the probe 5, the surface temperature of the probe 5 is from about 450 ° C. which cannot be covered when only the water 24b is used as the cooling medium. It is clear that it can be controlled to any temperature up to about 800 ° C. The reason for this is that, as can be seen from the lines Y5, Y10, Y30, and Y50, the inner surface temperature of the probe 5 is 300 ° C. or higher, so that the water 24b supplied to the cooling medium flow path 19 is cooled. When entering the medium flow path 19, the entire amount immediately becomes steam. Therefore, unlike the case where steam is generated from the water 24 b inside the cooling medium flow path 19, the cooling medium flow is controlled by controlling the supply amount of the water 24 b. It is considered that the flow rate of the steam flowing through the passage 19 can be controlled.

  On the other hand, for example, as shown in Table 1, when the surface temperature of the probe 5 is controlled using only air as a cooling medium, the surface temperature of the probe 5 is controlled to 500 ° C., 600 ° C., and 700 ° C. The air flow rates required in this case are 278 L (Normal) / min, 160 L (Normal) / min, and 96 L (Normal) / min, respectively. The value of the air flow rate is a calculated value.

  On the other hand, when air 24a and water 24b are mixed and used as the cooling medium 24, the air flow rate required for cooling the probe 5 is 2 minutes compared to the case where only the cooling medium is air. It is clear that the number can be reduced from 1 to several ten. This is because, in addition to the fact that the specific heat of the water 24b is larger than that of the air 24a, as described above, in the present embodiment, the evaporation when the water 24b supplied to the cooling medium flow path 19 becomes steam. It is considered that the latent heat is also used for cooling the probe 5.

  As described above, the measuring device 1 of the present embodiment matches the surface temperature of the probe 5 with the surface temperature of the wide temperature range of the heat transfer tubes existing at various locations where the measuring device 1 is installed in the combustion furnace facility. Temperature can be controlled.

  Thereby, the adhesion state of the ash 13 (see FIG. 1) to the probe 5 whose surface temperature is controlled as described above reflects the ash adhesion state to the heat transfer tubes existing there.

  In the above description, when the flow rate of the air 24a is controlled to be constant by the mass flow controller 32 and the surface temperature of the probe 5 matches the control target under this condition, the supply amount of the water 24b is changed. Needless to say, the supply amount of the water 24b may be set to a certain fixed amount, and feedback control for increasing or decreasing the supply amount of the air 24a may be performed according to the difference between the surface temperature of the probe 5 and the control target. As a feedback control method in this case, a PID control method or other existing feedback control methods may be employed.

  The outlet 23 of the cooling medium flow path 19 is connected to a recovery line 38 for recovering the mixed fluid of air 24a and water 24b (steam) after being used for cooling the probe 5 and sending it to a processing apparatus (not shown). Yes. For example, the air 24a and the water 24b recovered in the recovery line 38 may be reused after gas-liquid separation after the water 24b is condensed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the imaging device 7 is provided with a support member 39 that protrudes along the longitudinal direction of the probe 5 on the surface of the base plate 2, and a mount member 40 is provided on the protruding end side of the support member 39. Is attached through. In this state, the imaging device 7 is arranged so that the center of the imaging region faces the vicinity of the contact point between the probe 5 and the window glass 8 as shown in FIGS. Therefore, it is more preferable that the mount member 40 has a function capable of adjusting the orientation and position of the imaging device 7. Thereby, the imaging device 7 can image a portion near the tip of the probe 5 through the window 3. The photographing device 7 has a function for photographing a moving image or is connected to a moving image recording device.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an image analysis device 41 that performs image analysis on a captured image is connected to the imaging device 7. The image analysis apparatus 41 uses a probe 5 as shown by a broken line in the drawing for an image i taken by the imaging apparatus 7 as shown in FIG. 8A, which is a result of a test using the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment described later. The position and shape of the outer surface are extracted (detected) by image analysis, or stored based on an operator input instruction. In this state, the image analysis apparatus 41 performs ash 13 adhering to the probe 5 based on a difference in image brightness in the photographed image i as shown in FIG. Detect the outer shape of Further, the image analysis device 41 has a function of detecting the thickness and shape of the ash 13 attached to the probe 5 from the difference between the outer shape of the ash 13 and the stored position and shape of the outer surface of the probe 5. Yes. Furthermore, the image analysis device 41 sequentially measures the thickness and shape of the ash 13 adhering to the probe 5 based on the moving image photographed by the photographing device 7 at preset time intervals, and FIG. a) The ash 13 attached to the probe 5 based on the change in the thickness of the ash 13 as shown in (b) and (c) and the change in the thickness of the ash 13 as shown in FIGS. It has a function to measure the growth rate.

  Further, at a certain point in time, for example, when the thickness and shape of the ash 13 attached to the probe 5 is reduced as shown in FIG. 8D from the state shown in FIG. The time is memorized as the occurrence of the natural ash 13 adhering to the probe 5 at that time, and when the natural ash 13 is observed next, the function of measuring the cycle of the ash 13 natural detachment is measured. I have.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a purge nozzle 42 in a posture facing the window glass 8 on the back surface side of the base plate 2. The purge nozzle 42 is connected to an end portion (tip portion) disposed on the back surface side of the base plate 2 of a purge gas line 43 provided by penetrating the base plate 2 from the front surface side to the back surface side. A purge gas supply unit 44 is connected to an end (base end) of the purge gas line 43 disposed on the surface side of the base plate. As a result, a purge gas 45 such as air or nitrogen gas guided from the purge gas supply unit 44 through the purge gas line 43 can be blown from the purge nozzle 42 to the back side of the window glass 8. When the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is applied to the combustion furnace facility 100, the back side of the window glass 8 is exposed to an environment where ash floats and scatters, but the purge gas 45 is constantly blown from the purge nozzle 42. By doing so, it is possible to prevent ash from adhering to the rear surface side of the window glass 8 in advance. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the transparency of the window glass 8 from deteriorating for a long period of time. Therefore, the photographing of the portion near the tip of the probe 5 through the window 3 by the photographing apparatus 7 can be performed satisfactorily for a long period of time.

  The measurement apparatus 1 of the present embodiment further includes a heat flux measuring device 46 to which detection signals of the thermocouple 25 and the thermocouple 26 are input as shown in FIG. The heat flux measuring device 46 detects the surface temperature of the probe 5 based on the detection signal input from the thermocouple 25 and detects the inner surface temperature of the probe 5 based on the detection signal input from the thermocouple 26. .

Furthermore, when the heat flux measuring device 46 receives geometric information (design information) about the configuration of the probe 5 and the locations where the thermocouples 25 and 26 are installed, the heat flux measuring device 46 stores them and calculates the following calculation formula: The function of measuring the heat flux at the place where the probe 5 is installed is provided. This heat flux is a heat flux near the stagnation point.
q = λ _SUS (T ₂ −T ₁ ) / ln (r ₂ / r ₁ ) × 1 / r ₁
In the above formula,
q: Heat flux [W / mK]
λ _SUS : Thermal conductivity [W / m2K]
T ₁ : Probe surface temperature [K] (detection temperature of thermocouple 25)
T ₂ : Probe inner surface temperature “K” (detection temperature of thermocouple 26)
r ₁ : Radius [m] of the probe (distance from the center of the probe 5 to the installation position of the thermocouple 25)
r ₂ : Distance from the center of the probe to the position where the thermocouple 26 is provided.

  The results of tests performed using the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration are shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B and FIGS. 8A to 8E.

  FIG. 7A shows the probe 5 detected by the thermocouple 25 under the condition that the furnace temperature (line a) is set to 1100 ° C. and the surface temperature control target of the probe 5 is set to 700 ° C. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of surface temperature (line | wire b) and the inner surface temperature (line | wire c) detected by the thermocouple 26. FIG. From the result of the line b, it can be seen that according to the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the surface temperature of the probe 5 can be stably maintained around 700 ° C.

  FIG. 7B shows the result (line d) of the heat flux measured by the heat flux measuring device 46 under the conditions in which the furnace temperature (line a) is set in the same manner as described above. From the result of the line d, it can be seen that the heat flux can be measured according to the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment. Moreover, the fall of the heat-transfer performance accompanying adhesion of the ash 13 can be measured from the fall rate of the measured heat flux. Note that the fluctuations of the lines b, c, and d are caused by the evaporation of the water 24b used as the cooling medium 24, and the above-described results can be obtained by taking an average value. Is.

  8 (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) are taken by the photographing device 7 at times T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 shown in FIG. 4 shows a captured image i processed at 41. FIG. From these photographed images i, it can be seen that according to the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, information regarding the state of attachment of the ash 13 attached to the probe 5 can be obtained as visual information.

  Moreover, the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment uses the image analysis apparatus 41 to change the thickness of the ash 13 shown in the order of FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C, and FIG. The growth rate of the ash 13 attached to the probe 5 can be measured based on the change in the thickness of the ash 13 shown in the order of e).

  Furthermore, the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment reduces the thickness and shape of the ash 13 attached to the probe 5 as shown in FIG. 8D from the state shown in FIG. Can be recognized as the natural loss of the ash 13 and its period can be measured.

  As described above, according to the measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the cooling medium 24 in which the air 24a and the water 24b are mixed is supplied from the cooling medium supply means 6 to the cooling medium flow path 19 of the probe 5. The surface temperature of the probe 5 can be controlled in the same manner as the surface temperature of the heat transfer tube existing at the measurement target location of the combustion furnace facility 100. In this state, as information on the adhesion state of the ash 13 adhering to the probe 5, information on the thickness of the ash 13 adhering to the probe 5, the growth rate of the adhering ash 13, and the cycle of the natural drop of the ash 13 is visual information. Can be obtained on the basis of Therefore, based on this information, the thickness of the ash 13 attached to the heat transfer tube existing at the measurement target location, the growth rate of the attached ash 13, the cycle of the natural ash 13 dropping, and the transfer accompanying the ash 13 attachment. The decrease in heat transfer performance of the heat tube can be measured.

  Furthermore, in the measurement apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the imaging device 7 is not exposed to the high temperature environment inside the combustion furnace facility 100, so that failure and damage due to heat can be avoided. For this reason, the imaging device 7 is not particularly required to have heat resistance, and thus an imaging device such as a general-purpose video camera can be used. Therefore, the measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes an image fiber as shown in Patent Document 1, a camera connected to the image fiber, and a special or dedicated device such as a cooling jacket configured to cover the outer periphery of the image fiber. No special equipment is required.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment of the measuring apparatus and corresponds to FIG.

  9, the same components as those shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the first embodiment, the probe 5 has been described as having a cylindrical shape, but the probe may have a prismatic shape.

  The measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment has a configuration including a hollow prismatic probe 5a in place of the configuration of the probe 5 having a hollow cylindrical shape in the same configuration as that of the first embodiment.

  In FIG. 9, the probe 5a is shown as having a square cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, but it is needless to say that the probe 5a may have a rectangular cross section.

  In this embodiment, the probe insertion hole 4 provided in the base plate 2 has a square shape larger than the cross-sectional shape of the probe 5a described above.

  A rectangular notch 12a for receiving the probe 5a is provided on one side of the window glass 8 located on the probe insertion hole 4 side. Thereby, in this embodiment, the probe 5a inserted through the probe insertion hole 4 is arranged so as to contact the notch 12a of the window glass 8, and in this state, the holding bolts 16 of the probe holding means 14 are attached to the brackets 15. By screwing into the screw hole, the tip side of each holding bolt 16 is pressed against the outer surface of the probe 5 so that the position of the probe 5a is held.

  In the present embodiment, the notch 12a of the window glass 8 may be omitted. This is because the probe 5a has a prismatic shape, and the probe 5a can be brought close to the window glass 8 by placing one side thereof in close contact with one side located on the probe insertion hole 4 side of the window glass 8. Because. Also in this case, the photographing device 7 can photograph the portion near the tip of the probe 5 through the window 3.

  Although not shown, the probe 5a includes a cooling medium flow path 19 similar to the cooling medium flow path 19 of the probe 5 illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B in the internal space.

  Therefore, the measurement apparatus 1 of the present embodiment can be used in the same manner as the measurement apparatus 1 of the first embodiment to obtain the same effect.

[Application example]
FIG. 10 shows an example in which the measuring apparatus is applied to a combustion furnace facility.

  The combustion furnace equipment is, for example, a boiler equipment 47, and the measuring device 1 of the first embodiment is attached to a place where it is desired to measure the state of ash adhesion to the heat transfer tubes.

  The boiler equipment 47 includes a furnace 48 having a water pipe wall, a superheater 49 having a heat transfer tube, and a reheater 50. Further, for example, the measuring apparatus 1 of the first embodiment is attached to the wall surface 101 of the furnace 48 and the wall surface 101 of the installation location of the superheater 49 on the flange 103 of the opening 102 provided in advance. Yes.

  Therefore, according to the boiler equipment 47 having the above-described configuration, the ash adhesion state attached to the water pipe of the furnace 48 of the boiler equipment 47 and the overheating based on the attachment state of the ash 13 attached to the probe 5 of each measuring device 1. It is possible to measure the adhesion state of ash adhering to the heat transfer tube of the vessel 49.

  Of course, the measuring apparatus 1 of the second embodiment may be applied instead of the measuring apparatus 1 of the first embodiment.

  In addition, this invention is not limited only to each said embodiment, The diameter and length of the probe 5, and the length made to protrude on the surface side and the back surface side of the baseplate 2 are changed suitably as needed. Also good.

  If the cooling medium flow path 19 provided in the probe 5 can cool the surface temperature of the probe 5 by the cooling medium 24 flowing through the cooling medium flow path 19, it is shown in FIGS. Arbitrary channel configurations other than those shown may be used.

  The shape of the window 3 provided in the base plate 2 may be any shape other than a rectangle, such as a circle. Further, from the viewpoint of arranging the probe 5 close to the window 3 or the window glass 8, the window 3 and the probe insertion hole 4 provided in the base plate 2 are overlapped with each other in the circumferential direction as in each embodiment. Are preferably in communication with each other. However, the base plate 2 may be configured such that the window 3 and the probe insertion hole 4 are formed independently. In this case, the arrangement of the photographing device 7 may be adjusted to a position where the portion near the tip of the probe 5 can be photographed through the window 3.

  The thermocouple 26 provided in the probe 5 may be provided so as to be embedded in the peripheral wall of the probe 5 as long as it is located radially inward from the installation position of the thermocouple 25 that measures the surface temperature of the probe 5. Further, the thermocouple 25 may be provided on the distal end surface of the probe 5 and the thermocouple 26 may be provided at the inner position.

  The material of the probe 5 may be other than SUS as long as it can withstand the internal environment of the combustion furnace facility 100. In the measuring apparatus 1 of the present invention, the material exposed to the internal environment of the combustion furnace facility 100 may be appropriately selected as in the probe 5.

  Of course, the measuring apparatus of the present invention may be applied to combustion furnace equipment other than the boiler equipment 47.

  Of course, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Measuring apparatus, 2 Base plate, 3 Window, 4 Probe insertion hole, 5, 5a Probe, 6 Cooling medium supply means, 7 Imaging apparatus, 8 Window glass, 13 Ash, 19 Cooling medium flow path, 24 Cooling medium, 24a Air, 24b Water, 25 Thermocouple, 26 Thermocouple (another thermocouple), 41 Image analysis device, 42 Purge nozzle, 43 Purge gas line, 44 Purge gas supply unit, 46 Heat flux measuring instrument, 47 Boiler equipment (combustion furnace equipment), 100 Combustion furnace equipment, 101 wall surface, 102 opening, i photographed image

Claims (10)

A base plate to be attached to the measurement object;
A window and a probe insertion hole provided in the base plate;
A transparent member provided on the window;
A probe that is inserted from the front surface side into the probe insertion hole and the tip side protrudes from the back surface side of the base plate; and
A coolant supply means connected to the coolant flow path inside the probe from the base end side of the probe;
A measuring apparatus comprising: an imaging device that images a portion near the tip of the probe from the surface side of the base plate through the window. The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling medium supply unit has a function of supplying air and water as a cooling medium to the cooling medium flow path of the probe. The transparent member is provided with a notch on the probe insertion hole side,
The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the probe inserted and disposed in the probe insertion hole is disposed in a notch of the transparent member. The measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the probe is disposed in contact with the transparent member. An image analysis device connected to the imaging device;
The image analysis device includes:
A function of detecting the outer shape of the ash attached to the probe in the photographed image;
The function of detecting the thickness of the ash attached to the probe from the difference between the detected outer shape of the ash and the position and shape of the outer surface of the probe is provided. A measuring device according to claim 1. The measurement according to claim 5, wherein the image analysis device has a function of detecting a growth rate of the ash attached to the probe based on a change with time of the thickness of the ash attached to the probe. apparatus. When the thickness or shape of the ash attached to the probe decreases, the image analysis apparatus stores the time as if the ash has fallen naturally, and measures the period at which the ash naturally falls off. It has a function. The measuring device according to claim 6 characterized by things. A purge nozzle disposed toward the window glass on the back side of the base plate;
A purge gas line arranged through the base plate from the front side to the back side and having a tip connected to the purge nozzle;
The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a purge gas supply unit connected to a proximal end side of the purge gas line. A thermocouple for measuring the surface temperature of the probe;
Another thermocouple that measures the internal temperature of the probe inside the location of the thermocouple;
The measurement apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heat flux measuring device to which detection signals of the thermocouple and another thermocouple are input. A combustion furnace installation comprising the measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 at an opening of a wall surface.

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