JP2016191572A - Ultrasonic inspection device - Google Patents

Ultrasonic inspection device Download PDF

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JP2016191572A
JP2016191572A JP2015070491A JP2015070491A JP2016191572A JP 2016191572 A JP2016191572 A JP 2016191572A JP 2015070491 A JP2015070491 A JP 2015070491A JP 2015070491 A JP2015070491 A JP 2015070491A JP 2016191572 A JP2016191572 A JP 2016191572A
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flaw detection
tube
phased array
ultrasonic inspection
ultrasonic
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JP6494369B2 (en
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正光 安部
Masamitsu Abe
正光 安部
光良 中谷
Mitsuyoshi Nakatani
光良 中谷
吉晴 中山
Yoshiharu Nakayama
吉晴 中山
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
Nichizo Tech Inc
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Nichizo Tech Inc
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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ultrasonic inspection device capable of reliably and quickly detecting flaws of a weld that comprises a plurality of layers of beads and is located along an outer periphery of a pipe.SOLUTION: An ultrasonic inspection device 40 is configured to inspect a weld 10 that is located along an outer periphery of a pipe 30 and comprises two layers of beads 11, 12 by performing an ultrasonic flaw detection test. The ultrasonic inspection device 40 includes a phased array probe 55 that comprises a predetermined number (a number required for a phased array method) of array elements 56 arrayed in a depth direction of the pipe 30 and is configured to transmit ultrasonic waves in accordance with the phased array method. The ultrasonic inspection device 40 also includes a motor 52 that makes the phased array probe 55 revolve 51 about a center axis 31 of the pipe 30 along an inner surface of the pipe 30. The ultrasonic inspection device 40 further includes an ultrasonic beams setting unit 67 configured to set flaw detection directions of the phased array probe 55 to be three directions pointing to the weld 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

本発明は、主として多数の管を備える設備に対して、超音波により探傷試験を行うための超音波検査装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an ultrasonic inspection apparatus for performing a flaw detection test using ultrasonic waves mainly on equipment having a large number of tubes.

各種プラントにおける熱交換器や反応器などには、図５に示すように、一定の間隔で平行に配置された多数の管３０と、これら管３０に垂直な管板２０とが溶接されている。このような熱交換器や反応器での溶接された部分（溶接部１０）の検査では、上記管３０の数が極めて多いので、一つ一つの管３０に対しての上記検査を速やかに行うことが要求される。   As shown in FIG. 5, a large number of tubes 30 arranged in parallel at regular intervals and a tube plate 20 perpendicular to these tubes 30 are welded to heat exchangers and reactors in various plants. . In the inspection of the welded portion (welded portion 10) in such a heat exchanger or reactor, the number of the tubes 30 is very large, and thus the inspection for each of the tubes 30 is quickly performed. Is required.

上記検査を超音波により速やかに行うには、フェーズドアレイ法を採用することが考えられる。フェーズドアレイ法では、探触子において、電気的な走査を行い得るので、時間を要する機械的な走査を短縮または省略することが可能である。   In order to quickly perform the above inspection using ultrasonic waves, it is conceivable to employ a phased array method. In the phased array method, electrical scanning can be performed in the probe, so that time-consuming mechanical scanning can be shortened or omitted.

フェーズドアレイ法を採用した超音波検査装置として、溶接部に対して斜角リニアスキャンをし得るフェーズドアレイ探触子と、母材の深さを検出するシングルアレイ探触子とを備える装置が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。この特許文献１に記載された超音波検査装置によると、フェーズドアレイ探触子からの超音波が溶接部を透過することにより屈折しても、屈折した分をシングルアレイ探触子により得られる母材の深さから適切に補正が可能なので、裏波エコーと欠陥エコーとを確実に区別することができる。   Proposal of an ultrasonic inspection system that employs the phased array method includes a phased array probe that can perform oblique linear scanning on the weld and a single array probe that detects the depth of the base material. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). According to the ultrasonic inspection apparatus described in Patent Document 1, even if the ultrasonic wave from the phased array probe is refracted by passing through the welded portion, the refracted portion is obtained by the single array probe. Since the correction can be appropriately made from the depth of the material, it is possible to reliably distinguish the back echo from the defect echo.

特許第５６１０４４４号公報Japanese Patent No. 5610444

しかしながら、上記特許文献１に記載の超音波検査装置では、フェーズドアレイ探触子による一方向の探傷方向によってのみ溶接部の欠陥を検出するので、その探傷方向に沿った面状の欠陥を検出できないおそれがある。特に、図６に示すように、検査の対象となる溶接部１０が管３０と管板２０とを溶接した部分の場合、このような溶接部１０は複数層のビード１１，１２からなり様々な方向の欠陥１〜４が生じ得るので、上記特許文献１に記載の超音波検査装置１４０では、全ての欠陥１〜４を検出できないおそれがある。また、図５に示すように、このような溶接部１０は管３０の外周囲に位置するので、上記超音波検査装置１４０では、全ての周囲に対して管３０の内面から探傷試験を行う必要があり、結果として欠陥１〜４を速やかに検出することができない。   However, since the ultrasonic inspection apparatus described in Patent Document 1 detects a defect in a welded part only in one flaw detection direction by the phased array probe, it cannot detect a planar defect along the flaw detection direction. There is a fear. In particular, as shown in FIG. 6, when the welded portion 10 to be inspected is a portion where the tube 30 and the tube plate 20 are welded, such a welded portion 10 is composed of a plurality of layers of beads 11, 12. Since the directional defects 1 to 4 may occur, the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 140 described in Patent Document 1 may not be able to detect all the defects 1 to 4. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, since such a welded portion 10 is located on the outer periphery of the tube 30, the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 140 needs to perform a flaw detection test from the inner surface of the tube 30 for all the periphery. As a result, the defects 1 to 4 cannot be detected promptly.

そこで、本発明は、複数層のビードからなり管の周囲に位置する溶接部の欠陥を確実に且つ速やかに検出し得る超音波検査装置を提供することを目的とする。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic inspection apparatus that can reliably and quickly detect defects in a welded portion formed of a plurality of layers of beads and positioned around a pipe.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明の請求項１に係る超音波検査装置は、管の周囲に位置して複数層のビードからなる溶接部を超音波による探傷試験で検査する超音波検査装置であって、
上記管の深さ方向に所定数のアレイ素子が配列されてなるとともにフェーズドアレイ法により超音波を発信するフェーズドアレイ探触子と、
このフェーズドアレイ探触子を上記管の内面に沿わせながら当該管の中心軸回りに回転させる駆動機と、
上記フェーズドアレイ探触子の探傷方向を複数方向で且つ上記溶接部に向くように設定する複数超音波ビーム設定部とを備えるものである。 In order to solve the above-described problems, an ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention is an ultrasonic inspection apparatus that inspects a welded portion formed of a plurality of layers of beads located around a pipe by an ultrasonic flaw detection test. There,
A phased array probe in which a predetermined number of array elements are arranged in the depth direction of the tube and emits ultrasonic waves by a phased array method;
A drive device that rotates the phased array probe around the central axis of the tube while being along the inner surface of the tube;
A plurality of ultrasonic beam setting units for setting the phased array probe to have a plurality of flaw detection directions toward the welded portion.

また、本発明の請求項２に係る超音波検査装置は、請求項１に記載の超音波検査装置において、探傷方向が、管の中心軸に垂直な方向から一方に傾斜させた方向と、管の中心軸に垂直な方向と、管の中心軸に垂直な方向から他方に傾斜させた方向との三方向であるものである。   An ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is the ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the flaw detection direction is inclined in one direction from a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe, There are three directions: a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the tube and a direction inclined from the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the tube to the other.

さらに、本発明の請求項３に係る超音波検査装置は、請求項１または２に記載の超音波検査装置における探傷試験が、リニアスキャンによるものである。
加えて、本発明の請求項４に係る超音波検査装置は、請求項２に記載の超音波検査装置において、管の中心軸に垂直な方向から一方に傾斜させた探傷方向の探傷試験と、管の中心軸に垂直な方向から他方に傾斜させた探傷方向の探傷試験とが、セクタスキャンによるものである。 Furthermore, in the ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention, the flaw detection test in the ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 is based on linear scanning.
In addition, an ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 4 of the present invention is the ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a flaw detection test in a flaw detection direction inclined in one direction from a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the tube; The flaw detection test in the flaw detection direction inclined from the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the tube to the other is based on the sector scan.

また、本発明の請求項５に係る超音波検査装置は、請求項１乃至４のいずれか一項に記載の超音波検査装置において、フェーズドアレイ探触子が管の中心軸回りに回転した角度を検知する回転角検知部と、
上記回転角検知部に検知された角度、および上記フェーズドアレイ探触子に発信された超音波の反響から、探傷試験の結果である画像を探傷方向ごとに作成する画像作成部とを備えるものである。 An ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention is the ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the phased array probe is rotated about the central axis of the tube. A rotation angle detector for detecting
An image creation unit that creates an image as a result of the flaw detection test for each flaw detection direction from the angle detected by the rotation angle detection unit and the echo of the ultrasonic wave transmitted to the phased array probe. is there.

さらに、本発明の請求項６に係る超音波検査装置は、請求項５に記載の超音波検査装置において、画像作成部に作成された探傷方向ごとの画像を足し合わせる画像処理部を備えるものである。   Furthermore, an ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to the fifth aspect, further comprising an image processing unit that adds the images for each flaw detection direction created in the image creating unit. is there.

上記超音波検査装置によると、探傷方向が管の深さ方向に異なる複数方向となるので、溶接部の欠陥を確実に検出することができる。また、管の中心軸回りを回転しながら探傷試験を行うので、溶接部の欠陥を速やかに検出することができる。   According to the ultrasonic inspection apparatus, since the flaw detection direction is a plurality of directions different from the depth direction of the pipe, it is possible to reliably detect defects in the welded portion. Further, since the flaw detection test is performed while rotating around the central axis of the tube, it is possible to quickly detect defects in the welded portion.

本発明の実施の形態に係る超音波検査装置による探傷試験の一つ（三方向の探傷方向のうちの一つ）を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows one (one of three flaw detection directions) of the flaw detection test by the ultrasonic inspection apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 同超音波検査装置による探傷試験の他の一つ（三方向の探傷方向のうちの他の一つ）を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows another one (other one of three flaw detection directions) of the flaw detection test by the same ultrasonic inspection apparatus. 同超音波検査装置による探傷試験の残りの一つ（三方向の探傷方向のうちの残りの一つ）を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the remaining one (the remaining one of the three flaw detection directions) of the flaw detection test by the same ultrasonic inspection apparatus. 同超音波検査装置の概略構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the same ultrasonic inspection apparatus. 同超音波検査装置による検査の対象となる管と管板とを示す一部切欠斜視図である。It is a partially notched perspective view which shows the pipe | tube and tube sheet used as the object of the test | inspection by the same ultrasonic inspection apparatus. 従来の超音波検査装置による探傷試験を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the flaw detection test by the conventional ultrasonic inspection apparatus.

以下、本発明の実施の形態に係る超音波検査装置について図面に基づき説明する。
まず、上記超音波検査装置に係る技術的思想の概略について説明する。
上記超音波検査装置における検査（超音波による探傷試験）の対象は、図５に示すように、一定の間隔で平行に配置された多数の管３０と、これら管３０に垂直な管板２０とが溶接された部分（以下、溶接部１０という）である。このような溶接部１０は、確実な溶接の強度を確保するために、複数回のパスが施されており、その結果として複数層（本実施の形態では一例として２層）のビード１１，１２からなる。このような溶接部１０には、図６に示すように、欠陥１〜４が、ビード１１，１２と管３０および管板２０との境界だけでなく、ビード１１，１２同士の境界にも生じ得る。このため、これら欠陥１〜４は様々な方向の面状となるので、探傷方向が一方向である従来の超音波検査装置１４０では、その探傷方向に沿う方向の欠陥３を検出できないおそれがある。 Hereinafter, an ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, an outline of the technical idea related to the ultrasonic inspection apparatus will be described.
As shown in FIG. 5, an object of inspection (ultrasonic flaw detection test) in the ultrasonic inspection apparatus is a large number of tubes 30 arranged in parallel at regular intervals, and a tube plate 20 perpendicular to these tubes 30. Is a welded portion (hereinafter referred to as a welded portion 10). Such a welded portion 10 is subjected to a plurality of passes in order to ensure reliable welding strength, and as a result, beads 11 and 12 having a plurality of layers (two layers as an example in the present embodiment). Consists of. In such a welded portion 10, as shown in FIG. 6, defects 1 to 4 occur not only at the boundary between the beads 11 and 12 and the tube 30 and the tube plate 20 but also at the boundary between the beads 11 and 12. obtain. For this reason, since these defects 1 to 4 have surface shapes in various directions, the conventional ultrasonic inspection apparatus 140 in which the flaw detection direction is one direction may not detect the defect 3 in the direction along the flaw detection direction. .

そこで、本発明の超音波による探傷試験では、図１〜３に示すように、フェーズドアレイ法により探傷方向を管３０の深さ方向に異なる三方向（複数方向であればよい）にすることで、上記溶接部１０に生じ得るような様々な方向の欠陥１〜４でも、確実に検出できる。勿論、上記三方向は、いずれも上記溶接部１０に向くようにされる。また、探傷試験の際に、フェーズドアレイ法のための探触子であるフェーズドアレイ探触子（詳しくは後述する）５５を管３０の中心軸３１回りに回転５１させることで、管３０の外周囲に位置する溶接部１０（図５参照）の欠陥１〜４を速やかに検出することができる。   Therefore, in the flaw detection test using ultrasonic waves according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the flaw detection direction is set to three different directions in the depth direction of the tube 30 (a plurality of directions may be used) by the phased array method. The defects 1 to 4 in various directions that can occur in the welded portion 10 can be reliably detected. Of course, the three directions are all directed toward the welded portion 10. Further, during the flaw detection test, a phased array probe 55 (details will be described later) 55 which is a probe for the phased array method is rotated 51 around the central axis 31 of the tube 30, so that the outside of the tube 30 is removed. Defects 1 to 4 of welded part 10 (see FIG. 5) located around can be quickly detected.

以下、本発明の実施の形態に係る超音波検査装置４０について図１〜図４に基づき詳細に説明する。
この超音波検査装置４０は、図４に示すように、管３０に挿入されて当該管３０の中心軸３１回りに回転５１しつつ当該管３０の内面から溶接部１０にフェーズドアレイ法の探傷試験を行う回転探傷部５０と、この回転探傷部５０の回転５１および探傷試験を制御する制御部６０とを有する。なお、以下では、上記管３０において、回転探傷部５０が挿入される元を管手前といい、回転探傷部５０が挿入される先を管奥という。 Hereinafter, an ultrasonic inspection apparatus 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 4, this ultrasonic inspection apparatus 40 is inserted into a tube 30 and rotates 51 around the central axis 31 of the tube 30, and a flaw detection test using a phased array method is performed from the inner surface of the tube 30 to the welded portion 10. And a control unit 60 that controls the rotation 51 of the rotary flaw detector 50 and the flaw detection test. In the following, in the tube 30, the source where the rotating flaw detector 50 is inserted is referred to as the front of the tube, and the tip where the rotating flaw detector 50 is inserted is referred to as the back of the tube.

［回転探傷部５０］
回転探傷部５０は、管３０の深さ方向に配列された所定数（フェーズドアレイ法に必要な数）のアレイ素子５６からなるフェーズドアレイ探触子５５と、図示しないバッテリーからの電力により駆動して回転探傷部５０を管３０の中心軸３１回りに回転５１させるモータ（駆動機の一例である）５２と、管３０の中心軸３１回りに回転５１した回転探傷部５０の角度の信号を発するエンコーダ５３とを有する。上記フェーズドアレイ探触子５５は、その各アレイ素子５６の発振時５４を調整することで、超音波による探傷方向および探傷範囲を自在に変更可能である。また、図示しないが、上記回転探傷部５０は、上記フェーズドアレイ探触子５５を覆うとともに管３０の内面に面し得るウェッジと、このウェッジの周囲から超音波による探傷試験に必要な接触媒体（水またはグリセリンなど）を供給し得る媒体供給穴とを有する。さらに、上記回転探傷部５０は、上記管３０の内面とウェッジとの間隔が数μｍ〜数百μｍとなる大きさにされることで、上記媒体供給穴から供給された接触媒体を毛細管現象により上記間隔に満たし得るものである。 [Rotating flaw detector 50]
The rotating flaw detector 50 is driven by a phased array probe 55 including a predetermined number of array elements 56 (the number required for the phased array method) arranged in the depth direction of the tube 30 and power from a battery (not shown). Then, a motor 52 (which is an example of a drive unit) that rotates 51 the rotating flaw detector 50 around the central axis 31 of the tube 30 and an angle signal of the rotary flaw detector 50 that rotates 51 around the central axis 31 of the tube 30 are generated. And an encoder 53. The phased array probe 55 can freely change the flaw detection direction and flaw detection range by ultrasonic waves by adjusting the oscillation time 54 of each array element 56. Although not shown, the rotary flaw detector 50 includes a wedge that covers the phased array probe 55 and can face the inner surface of the tube 30, and a contact medium necessary for a flaw detection test using ultrasonic waves from the periphery of the wedge ( Medium supply holes through which water or glycerin can be supplied. Further, the rotary flaw detector 50 has a size such that the distance between the inner surface of the tube 30 and the wedge is several μm to several hundred μm, so that the contact medium supplied from the medium supply hole is caused by capillary action. The above interval can be satisfied.

［制御部６０］
上記制御部６０は、上記回転探傷部５０の回転５１に関する構成として、上記回転探傷部５０を作動させる指示部６１と、この指示部６１からの指示によりモータ５２を駆動させる駆動部６２と、上記エンコーダ５３からの信号により回転探傷部５０の回転５１した角度を検知する回転角検知部６３とを有する。また、上記制御部６０は、上記回転探傷部５０の超音波による探傷試験に関する構成として、上記指示部６１からの指示によりフェーズドアレイ探触子５５の探傷方向が三方向になるように設定する複数超音波ビーム設定部６７と、この複数超音波ビーム設定部６７の設定に基づいてフェーズドアレイ探触子５５に超音波を発信させる発信部６４と、この発信部６４によりフェーズドアレイ探触子５５から発信された超音波の反射（以下では反射エコーという）を受信する受信部６５と、この受信部６５に受信された反射エコーから欠陥１〜４の有無を判別するための画像を作成する画像作成部６６と、この画像作成部６６により作成された画像を処理する画像処理部６８とを有する。 [Control unit 60]
The control unit 60 includes, as a configuration related to the rotation 51 of the rotary flaw detection unit 50, an instruction unit 61 that operates the rotary flaw detection unit 50, a drive unit 62 that drives the motor 52 in accordance with an instruction from the instruction unit 61, and A rotation angle detection unit 63 that detects an angle of rotation 51 of the rotation flaw detection unit 50 by a signal from the encoder 53 is provided. In addition, as a configuration related to the ultrasonic flaw detection test of the rotating flaw detector 50, the control unit 60 sets a plurality of settings so that the flaw detection direction of the phased array probe 55 becomes three directions according to an instruction from the instruction unit 61. An ultrasonic beam setting unit 67, a transmission unit 64 that transmits ultrasonic waves to the phased array probe 55 based on the settings of the multiple ultrasonic beam setting unit 67, and the transmission unit 64 from the phased array probe 55. Receiving unit 65 that receives a reflection of transmitted ultrasonic waves (hereinafter referred to as a reflected echo), and image creation for creating an image for determining the presence or absence of defects 1 to 4 from the reflected echo received by the receiving unit 65 And an image processing unit 68 for processing an image created by the image creation unit 66.

上記指示部６１は、図示しないスタートボタンに接続されて、このスタートボタンが押されることにより、または、上記回転角検知部６３で検知された角度に基づいて、上記駆動部６２および複数超音波ビーム設定部６７に指示する。上記駆動部６２は、上記指示部６１からの指示により、上記モータ５２とバッテリーとの電気的な接続をＯＮ／ＯＦＦに切り替える。上記回転角検知部６３は、検知した回転探傷部５０の角度を、モータ５２を停止させる判断のために指示部６１に知らせるとともに、検出された欠陥１〜４の位置を特定させるために画像作成部６６に知らせる。   The instructing unit 61 is connected to a start button (not shown), and when the start button is pressed or based on the angle detected by the rotation angle detecting unit 63, the driving unit 62 and the plurality of ultrasonic beams The setting unit 67 is instructed. The drive unit 62 switches the electrical connection between the motor 52 and the battery to ON / OFF according to an instruction from the instruction unit 61. The rotation angle detection unit 63 informs the instruction unit 61 of the detected angle of the rotation flaw detection unit 50 for determination to stop the motor 52 and creates an image for identifying the positions of the detected defects 1 to 4. Inform section 66.

上記複数超音波ビーム設定部６７は、上記フェーズドアレイ探触子５５の探傷方向を管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管奥側（図１参照）にする第一斜角スキャン部７１と、上記フェーズドアレイ探触子５５の探傷方向を管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向（図２参照）にする垂直スキャン部７２と、上記フェーズドアレイ探触子５５の探傷方向を管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管手前側（図３参照）にする第二斜角スキャン部７３とからなる。上記第一斜角スキャン部７１は、図１に示すように、上記フェーズドアレイ探触子５５の探傷方向が管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管奥側になるよう、すなわちアレイ素子５６の発振時５４を管手前側から管奥側につれて遅延させるように設定する。上記垂直スキャン部７２は、図２に示すように、上記フェーズドアレイ探触子５５の探傷方向が管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向になるよう、すなわちアレイ素子５６の発振時５４を同時として設定する。上記第二斜角スキャン部７３は、図３に示すように、上記フェーズドアレイ探触子５５の探傷方向が管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管手前側になるよう、すなわちアレイ素子５６の発振時５４を管奥側から管手前側につれて遅延させるように設定する。また、上記複数超音波ビーム設定部６７は、その第一斜角スキャン部７１、垂直スキャン部７２および第二斜角スキャン部７３を介して、それぞれ発信部６４によりフェーズドアレイ探触子５５から超音波を発信させるタイミングは、略同時または僅かに遅れたものとされる。ここで、略同時とは、上記フェーズドアレイ探触子５５が上記三種類の超音波を可能な限り遅れることなく発信する時間をいう。また、僅かに遅れたとは、その遅れを人が自然に体感できない程度、例えば、１／３０秒〜１／９０秒程度をいう。   The multiple ultrasonic beam setting unit 67 includes a first oblique angle scanning unit 71 that changes the flaw detection direction of the phased array probe 55 from the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30 to the tube back side (see FIG. 1). The vertical scanning unit 72 for setting the flaw detection direction of the phased array probe 55 to the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30 (see FIG. 2), and the flaw detection direction of the phased array probe 55 as the center of the tube 30 A second oblique angle scanning unit 73 is provided on the tube front side (see FIG. 3) from a direction perpendicular to the shaft 31. As shown in FIG. 1, the first oblique angle scanning unit 71 is arranged so that the flaw detection direction of the phased array probe 55 is from the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30 to the tube back side, that is, the array element 56. The oscillation time 54 is set so as to be delayed from the front side of the pipe toward the back side of the pipe. As shown in FIG. 2, the vertical scanning unit 72 is arranged so that the flaw detection direction of the phased array probe 55 is perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30, that is, simultaneously with the oscillation 54 of the array element 56. Set. As shown in FIG. 3, the second oblique angle scanning unit 73 is arranged so that the flaw detection direction of the phased array probe 55 is from the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30 to the front side of the tube, that is, the array element 56. The oscillation time 54 is set so as to be delayed from the back side of the tube toward the front side of the tube. The multiple ultrasonic beam setting unit 67 is superposed from the phased array probe 55 by the transmitting unit 64 via the first oblique angle scanning unit 71, the vertical scanning unit 72, and the second oblique angle scanning unit 73, respectively. The timing of transmitting the sound wave is assumed to be substantially the same or slightly delayed. Here, “substantially simultaneously” means a time during which the phased array probe 55 transmits the three types of ultrasonic waves without delay as much as possible. Moreover, being slightly delayed refers to the extent that a person cannot feel the delay naturally, for example, about 1/30 seconds to 1/90 seconds.

上記画像作成部６６は、上記受信部６５に受信された反射エコーと、回転角検知部６３により知らされた回転探傷部５０の回転５１した角度とから、上記三種類の超音波ごとに（上記三方向の探傷方向ごとに）三種類の画像を作成する。それぞれの画像は、例えば、縦軸を上記管３０の内面から外方に向かう方向、横軸を管手前から管奥に向かう方向、および、色彩を上記反射エコー強度、とするコンター図である。上記画像処理部６８は、上記三種類の画像を足し合わせることで、１枚の画像にする。この１枚の画像は、上記三種類の反射エコー強度の情報を全て含むことになる。   The image creating unit 66 is configured for each of the three types of ultrasonic waves from the reflected echo received by the receiving unit 65 and the rotation angle of the rotation flaw detection unit 50 notified by the rotation angle detection unit 63 for each of the three types of ultrasonic waves (described above). Create three types of images (for each flaw detection direction). Each image is a contour diagram in which, for example, the vertical axis is the direction from the inner surface of the tube 30 outward, the horizontal axis is the direction from the front of the tube to the back of the tube, and the color is the reflected echo intensity. The image processing unit 68 adds the three types of images into a single image. This one image includes all the information of the three types of reflected echo intensities.

以下、上記超音波検査装置４０を使用する超音波検査方法について説明する。
まず、回転探傷部５０を管３０に挿入することで、溶接部１０に管３０の内面から超音波による探傷試験のための準備を行う。次に、スタートボタンを押すことにより、指示部６１から駆動部６２および複数超音波ビーム設定部６７に指示される。すると、回転探傷部５０は、モータ５２により管３０の中心軸３１回りに回転５１するとともに、フェーズドアレイ探触子５５から溶接部１０に向けて超音波が発信される。フェーズドアレイ探触子５５から発信される超音波は、探傷方向が管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管奥側になるようなもの（図１参照）と、探傷方向が管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向になるようなもの（図２参照）と、探傷方向が管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管手前側になるようなもの（図３参照）との三種類である。すなわち、上記超音波検査方法における探傷試験では、探傷方向が三方向となる。これら三種類の超音波が発信されるタイミングは、略同時または僅かに遅れる。 Hereinafter, an ultrasonic inspection method using the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 40 will be described.
First, the rotating flaw detector 50 is inserted into the tube 30 to prepare the welded portion 10 for a flaw detection test using ultrasonic waves from the inner surface of the tube 30. Next, an instruction unit 61 instructs the drive unit 62 and the multiple ultrasonic beam setting unit 67 by pressing a start button. Then, the rotating flaw detector 50 is rotated 51 around the central axis 31 of the tube 30 by the motor 52 and ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the phased array probe 55 toward the welded portion 10. The ultrasonic wave transmitted from the phased array probe 55 has a flaw detection direction from the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30 to the back side of the tube (see FIG. 1), and the flaw detection direction is the center of the tube 30. There are three types: one in which the direction is perpendicular to the shaft 31 (see FIG. 2) and one in which the flaw detection direction is from the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30 to the front side of the tube (see FIG. 3). is there. That is, in the flaw detection test in the ultrasonic inspection method, the flaw detection direction is three directions. The timings at which these three types of ultrasonic waves are transmitted are substantially simultaneously or slightly delayed.

これら超音波の反射、つまり反射エコーが、フェーズドアレイ探触子５５を通じて受信部６５により受信される。この受信部６５に受信された超音波の反響と、回転角検知部６３により知らされた回転探傷部５０の回転５１した角度とから、上記三種類の超音波ごとに三種類の画像が画像作成部６６により作成される。これら三種類の画像は、画像処理部６８により足し合わされて１つの画像にされる。   These ultrasonic reflections, that is, reflected echoes are received by the receiving unit 65 through the phased array probe 55. Three types of images are created for each of the three types of ultrasonic waves from the echo of the ultrasonic waves received by the receiving unit 65 and the rotation angle of the rotation flaw detection unit 50 notified by the rotation angle detection unit 63. Created by the unit 66. These three types of images are added together by the image processing unit 68 to form one image.

このように、上記超音波検査装置４０によると、探傷方向が管３０の深さ方向に異なる三方向（複数方向）となるので、上記溶接部１０の欠陥１〜４を確実に検出することができる。また、フェーズドアレイ探触子５５が管３０の中心軸３１回りを回転５１しながら探傷試験を行うので、上記溶接部１０の欠陥１〜４を速やかに検出することができる。   Thus, according to the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 40, since the flaw detection direction becomes three directions (a plurality of directions) different from the depth direction of the tube 30, defects 1 to 4 of the welded portion 10 can be reliably detected. it can. Further, since the phased array probe 55 performs the flaw detection test while rotating 51 around the central axis 31 of the tube 30, the defects 1 to 4 of the welded portion 10 can be detected quickly.

さらに、上記探傷方向が、管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管奥側（一方）に傾斜させた方向と、管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向と、管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管手前側（他方）に傾斜させた方向であるから、これら探傷方向は様々な方向であるといえる。このため、上記溶接部１０の欠陥１〜４が様々な方向を向くものであっても、これら全ての探傷方向の探傷試験で検出されない欠陥１〜４の確率を下げることにつながり、結果として上記溶接部１０の欠陥１〜４をより確実に検出することができる。   Further, the flaw detection direction is inclined from the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30 to the back side (one side), the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30, and the central axis 31 of the tube 30. Since the direction is inclined from the vertical direction to the tube front side (the other side), it can be said that these flaw detection directions are various directions. For this reason, even if the defects 1 to 4 of the welded portion 10 face in various directions, this leads to a decrease in the probability of the defects 1 to 4 that are not detected in the flaw detection test in all these flaw detection directions. The defects 1 to 4 of the welded part 10 can be detected more reliably.

加えて、上記画像作成部６６により作成される画像により、探傷試験の結果が可視化されるので、視覚的に欠陥１〜４の有無を判別しやすくすることにつながり、結果として上記溶接部１０の欠陥１〜４をより確実に検出することができる。   In addition, since the result of the flaw detection test is visualized by the image created by the image creation unit 66, it is easy to visually determine the presence or absence of defects 1 to 4, and as a result, the weld 10 Defects 1 to 4 can be detected more reliably.

また、上記画像処理部６８により、画像作成部６６の画像が足し合わされて１枚の画像にされることで、管３０ごとの探傷試験の結果が１枚の画像として可視化されるので、視覚的に欠陥１〜４の有無を一層判別しやすくすることにつながり、結果として上記溶接部１０の欠陥１〜４を一層確実に検出することができる。   Further, the image processing unit 68 adds the images of the image creation unit 66 to form one image, so that the result of the flaw detection test for each tube 30 is visualized as one image. As a result, the defects 1 to 4 of the welded portion 10 can be more reliably detected.

ところで、上記実施の形態での探傷試験は、図１〜図３における各アレイ素子５６の発振時５４から全ての探傷方向でリニアスキャンによるものとして図示したが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管奥側（一方）に傾斜させた探傷方向の探傷試験と、管３０の中心軸３１に垂直な方向から管手前側（他方）に傾斜させた探傷方向の探傷試験とが、セクタスキャンによるものであってもよい。これにより、探傷範囲が広がることになり、様々な方向の欠陥を検出する確率が高まるので、上記溶接部１０の欠陥１〜４を一層確実に検出することができる。なお、探傷試験が全ての探傷方向でリニアスキャンによるものとすると、上記三方向の探傷試験で条件が同一になるので、探傷試験の精度を高めることができる。   By the way, although the flaw detection test in the above-described embodiment is illustrated as being performed by linear scanning in all flaw detection directions from the oscillation time 54 of each array element 56 in FIGS. 1 to 3, it is not limited to this. For example, a flaw detection test in a flaw detection direction inclined from the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30 to the back side of the tube (one side), and an inclination from the direction perpendicular to the central axis 31 of the tube 30 to the front side of the tube (the other side). The flaw detection test in the flaw detection direction may be based on sector scanning. As a result, the flaw detection range is expanded, and the probability of detecting defects in various directions is increased, so that the defects 1 to 4 of the welded portion 10 can be detected more reliably. If the flaw detection test is performed by linear scanning in all flaw detection directions, the conditions are the same in the three-direction flaw detection tests, so that the accuracy of the flaw detection test can be increased.

また、上記実施の形態では、溶接部１０が管３０と管板２０との溶接された部分として説明したが、管３０の周囲に位置するものであればよい。   In the above-described embodiment, the welded portion 10 has been described as a welded portion between the tube 30 and the tube plate 20, but it may be any as long as it is located around the tube 30.

１〜４ 欠陥
１０ 溶接部
１１ ビード（１層目）
１２ ビード（２層目）
２０ 管板
３０ 管
３１ 中心軸
４０ 超音波検査装置
５０ 回転探触部
５１ 回転
５２ モータ
５３ エンコーダ
５４ 発振時
５５ フェーズドアレイ探触子
５６ アレイ素子
６０ 制御部
６２ 駆動部
６７ 複数超音波ビーム設定部 1-4 Defect 10 Welded part 11 Bead (first layer)
12 beads (2nd layer)
20 Tube plate 30 Tube 31 Central axis 40 Ultrasonic inspection apparatus 50 Rotation probe 51 Rotation 52 Motor 53 Encoder 54 Oscillating 55 Phased array probe 56 Array element 60 Control unit 62 Drive unit 67 Multiple ultrasonic beam setting unit

Claims (6)

管の周囲に位置して複数層のビードからなる溶接部を超音波による探傷試験で検査する超音波検査装置であって、
上記管の深さ方向に所定数のアレイ素子が配列されてなるとともにフェーズドアレイ法により超音波を発信するフェーズドアレイ探触子と、
このフェーズドアレイ探触子を上記管の内面に沿わせながら当該管の中心軸回りに回転させる駆動機と、
上記フェーズドアレイ探触子の探傷方向を複数方向で且つ上記溶接部に向くように設定する複数超音波ビーム設定部とを備えることを特徴とする超音波検査装置。 An ultrasonic inspection apparatus for inspecting a welded portion consisting of multiple layers of beads positioned around a pipe by an ultrasonic flaw detection test,
A phased array probe in which a predetermined number of array elements are arranged in the depth direction of the tube and emits ultrasonic waves by a phased array method;
A drive device that rotates the phased array probe around the central axis of the tube while being along the inner surface of the tube;
An ultrasonic inspection apparatus comprising: a plurality of ultrasonic beam setting units configured to set a flaw detection direction of the phased array probe in a plurality of directions and toward the welded portion. 探傷方向が、管の中心軸に垂直な方向から一方に傾斜させた方向と、管の中心軸に垂直な方向と、管の中心軸に垂直な方向から他方に傾斜させた方向との三方向であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の超音波検査装置。   The flaw detection direction has three directions: a direction inclined from one direction perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe, a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe, and a direction inclined from the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe to the other. The ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: 探傷試験が、リニアスキャンによるものであることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の超音波検査装置。   The ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flaw detection test is based on linear scanning. 管の中心軸に垂直な方向から一方に傾斜させた探傷方向の探傷試験と、管の中心軸に垂直な方向から他方に傾斜させた探傷方向の探傷試験とが、セクタスキャンによるものであることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の超音波検査装置。   The flaw detection test in the flaw detection direction inclined in one direction from the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the tube and the flaw detection test in the flaw detection direction inclined in the other direction from the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the tube are based on sector scanning. The ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 2. フェーズドアレイ探触子が管の中心軸回りに回転した角度を検知する回転角検知部と、
上記回転角検知部に検知された角度、および上記フェーズドアレイ探触子に発信された超音波の反響から、探傷試験の結果である画像を探傷方向ごとに作成する画像作成部とを備えることを特徴とする請求項１乃至４のいずれか一項に記載の超音波検査装置。 A rotation angle detector that detects the angle at which the phased array probe rotates about the central axis of the tube;
An image creation unit for creating an image as a result of the flaw detection test for each flaw detection direction from the angle detected by the rotation angle detection unit and the echo of the ultrasonic wave transmitted to the phased array probe. The ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic inspection apparatus is characterized. 画像作成部に作成された探傷方向ごとの画像を足し合わせる画像処理部を備えることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の超音波検査装置。
The ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising an image processing unit that adds the images for each flaw detection direction created in the image creation unit.
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CN111650281A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-09-11 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 Ultrasonic phased array detection method for tower welding seam
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JP2021047091A (en) * 2019-09-19 2021-03-25 日立造船株式会社 Method and device for ultrasonic inspection
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CN111650281A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-09-11 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 Ultrasonic phased array detection method for tower welding seam

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