JP2016184569A - Positive electrode active material for secondary battery and manufacturing method of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery capable of effectively suppressing moisture adsorption to realize a high performance lithium ion secondary battery or a sodium ion secondary battery and a manufacturing method of the same.SOLUTION: The positive electrode active material for a secondary battery is made of a compound material containing an oxide, containing at least iron or manganese, represented by a formula (A): LiFeMnMPO, a formula (B): LiFeMnNSiO, or a formula (C): NaFeMnQPOand carbon derived from cellulose nanofiber, to which carbon derived from water-soluble carbon material of 0.1 to 4 mass% is carried.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery in which carbon derived from a water-soluble carbon material is supported on a composite containing an oxide and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers, and a method for producing the same.

Secondary batteries used in portable electronic devices, hybrid cars, electric cars, and the like have been developed. In particular, lithium ion secondary batteries are widely known as the most excellent secondary batteries that operate near room temperature. Under these circumstances, lithium-containing olivine-type phosphate metal salts such as Li (Fe, Mn) PO ₄ and Li ₂ (Fe, Mn) SiO ₄ are more resource-constrained than lithium transition metal oxides such as LiCoO _2. Therefore, it is possible to exhibit high safety, and therefore, it is an optimum positive electrode material for obtaining a high-output and large-capacity lithium ion secondary battery. However, these compounds have the property that it is difficult to sufficiently increase the conductivity due to the crystal structure, and there is room for improvement in the diffusibility of lithium ions. Has been made.

Furthermore, in lithium ion secondary batteries, which are spreading, it is known that the internal resistance gradually increases when the battery is left for a long time after charging, and the battery performance is deteriorated. This is because the moisture contained in the battery material at the time of manufacture is desorbed from the material during repeated charging and discharging of the battery, and by the chemical reaction between the moisture and the nonaqueous electrolyte LiPF ₆ filling the battery, This is because hydrogen fluoride is generated. It is also known that reducing the water content of the positive electrode active material used in the secondary battery is effective for effectively suppressing such deterioration in battery performance (see Patent Document 1).

  Under these circumstances, for example, Patent Document 2 discloses that after the firing treatment of the raw material mixture containing the carbonaceous material precursor, the water content is reduced to a certain value or less by performing pulverization treatment and classification treatment in a dry atmosphere. Technology is disclosed. In Patent Document 3, a predetermined lithium phosphate compound, lithium silicate compound, and the like and a conductive carbon material are mixed by a wet ball mill, and then a mechanochemical treatment is performed so that the conductive carbon material is uniformly applied to the surface. A technique for obtaining a composite oxide deposited is disclosed.

On the other hand, since lithium is a rare valuable material, various studies have been made on sodium ion secondary batteries using sodium instead of lithium ion secondary batteries.
For example, Patent Document 4 discloses a sodium secondary battery active material using marisite-type NaMnPO ₄ , and Patent Document 5 discloses a positive electrode active material containing transition metal sodium phosphate having an olivine structure. Substances are disclosed, and any literature shows that a high-performance sodium ion secondary battery can be obtained.

JP2013-152911A JP 2003-292309 A US Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0140458 JP 2008-260666 A JP 2011-34963 A

  However, in any of the techniques described in any of the above documents, the surface of the positive electrode active material for secondary batteries is not sufficiently covered with the carbon source, and a part of the surface is exposed, so that moisture adsorption can be suppressed. Therefore, it has been found that it is difficult to obtain a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery having a sufficiently high moisture content and sufficiently high battery properties such as cycle characteristics.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery that can effectively suppress moisture adsorption and a method for manufacturing the same, in order to obtain a high-performance lithium ion secondary battery or a sodium ion secondary battery. It is to provide.

  Accordingly, the present inventors have made various studies and found that a positive electrode for a secondary battery in which a specific amount of carbon derived from a water-soluble carbon material is supported on a composite containing a specific oxide and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers. If it is an active material, both cellulose nanofibers and water-soluble carbon materials can effectively coat the oxide surface as a carbon source and effectively suppress moisture adsorption, so lithium ions or sodium ions effectively conduct electricity. As a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery that can be carried, the present invention has been found to be extremely useful, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention includes at least the following formula (A), (B) or (C) containing iron or manganese:
LiFe _a Mn _b M _c PO ₄ (A)
(In the formula (A), M represents Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. A, b, and c are 0 ≦ a ≦ 1, 0 ≦ b ≦ 1, 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.2, and 2a + 2b + (M valence) × c = 2 and a number satisfying a + b ≠ 0 are shown.)
_{Li 2 Fe d Mn e N f} SiO 4 ··· (B)
(In the formula (B), N represents Ni, Co, Al, Zn, V, or Zr. D, e, and f are 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, 0 ≦ e ≦ 1, and 0 ≦ f <1, 2d + 2e +. (The valence of N) × f = 2 is satisfied, and d + e ≠ 0 is satisfied.)
NaFe _g Mn _h Q _i PO ₄ (C)
(In the formula (C), Q represents Mg, Ca, Co, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. G, h, and i are 0 ≦ g ≦. 1, 0 ≦ h ≦ 1, 0 ≦ i <1, and 2g + 2h + (valence of Q) × i = 2 and a number satisfying g + h ≠ 0 are shown.)
Provided is a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery in which 0.1 to 4% by mass of carbon derived from a water-soluble carbon material is supported on a composite comprising an oxide represented by formula (II) and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers. To do.

Further, the present invention provides the following formula (A), (B) or (C) containing at least iron or manganese:
LiFe _a Mn _b M _c PO ₄ (A)
(In the formula (A), M represents Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. A, b, and c are 0 ≦ a ≦ 1, 0 ≦ b ≦ 1, 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.2, and 2a + 2b + (M valence) × c = 2 and a number satisfying a + b ≠ 0 are shown.)
_{Li 2 Fe d Mn e N f} SiO 4 ··· (B)
(In the formula (B), N represents Ni, Co, Al, Zn, V, or Zr. D, e, and f are 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, 0 ≦ e ≦ 1, and 0 ≦ f <1, 2d + 2e +. (The valence of N) × f = 2 is satisfied, and d + e ≠ 0 is satisfied.)
NaFe _g Mn _h Q _i PO ₄ (C)
(In the formula (C), Q represents Mg, Ca, Co, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. G, h, and i are 0 ≦ g ≦. 1, 0 ≦ h ≦ 1, 0 ≦ i <1, and 2g + 2h + (valence of Q) × i = 2 and a number satisfying g + h ≠ 0 are shown.)
Production of a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery in which 0.1 to 4% by mass of carbon derived from a water-soluble carbon material is supported on a composite comprising an oxide represented by formula (II) and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers. A method,
Step (I) of obtaining a composite X by mixing a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound with a mixture X containing a lithium compound or a sodium compound and cellulose nanofibers,
Step (II) of obtaining the complex Y by subjecting the obtained complex X and slurry water Y containing a metal salt containing at least an iron compound or a manganese compound to a hydrothermal reaction, and the obtained complex Y Step (III) of adding 0.1 to 16 parts by mass of water-soluble carbon material to 100 parts by mass of the composite, wet-mixing, and firing
The manufacturing method of the said positive electrode active material for secondary batteries provided with these is provided.

  According to the present invention, a composite containing a predetermined oxide and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers is loaded with a specific amount of carbon derived from a water-soluble carbon material. The carbon derived from the water-soluble carbon material is effectively supported on the part where the oxide is exposed without the carbon derived from the cellulose nanofiber, and the exposed part on the oxide surface is effective. A reduced positive electrode active material for a secondary battery can be obtained. Therefore, since such a positive electrode active material can effectively suppress the adsorption of moisture, in a lithium ion secondary battery or a sodium ion secondary battery using the positive electrode active material, lithium ions or sodium ions effectively carry electric conduction, and various Excellent battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics can be stably exhibited even in a different use environment.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The oxide used in the present invention contains at least iron or manganese and has the following formula (A), (B) or (C):
LiFe _a Mn _b M _c PO ₄ (A)
(In the formula (A), M represents Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. A, b, and c are 0 ≦ a ≦ 1, 0 ≦ b ≦ 1, 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.2, and 2a + 2b + (M valence) × c = 2 and a number satisfying a + b ≠ 0 are shown.)
_{Li 2 Fe d Mn e N f} SiO 4 ··· (B)
(In the formula (B), N represents Ni, Co, Al, Zn, V, or Zr. D, e, and f are 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, 0 ≦ e ≦ 1, 0 ≦ f <1, and 2d + 2e +. (The valence of N) × f = 2 is satisfied, and d + e ≠ 0 is satisfied.)
NaFe _g Mn _h Q _i PO ₄ (C)
(In the formula (C), Q represents Mg, Ca, Co, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. G, h, and i are 0 ≦ g ≦. 1, 0 ≦ h ≦ 1, 0 ≦ i <1, and 2g + 2h + (valence of Q) × i = 2 and a number satisfying g + h ≠ 0 are shown.)
It is expressed by one of the following formulas.
These oxides all have an olivine structure and contain at least iron or manganese. When the oxide represented by the above formula (A) or (B) is used, a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery is obtained, and when the oxide represented by the above formula (C) is used. Provides a positive electrode active material for a sodium ion battery.

The oxide represented by the above formula (A) is an olivine-type transition metal lithium compound containing at least iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) as so-called transition metals. In the formula (A), M represents Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd, and is preferably Mg, Zr, Mo, or Co. a is 0 ≦ a ≦ 1, preferably 0.01 ≦ a ≦ 0.99, and more preferably 0.1 ≦ a ≦ 0.9. b is 0 ≦ b ≦ 1, preferably 0.01 ≦ b ≦ 0.99, and more preferably 0.1 ≦ b ≦ 0.9. c satisfies 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.2, and preferably 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.1. These a, b and c are numbers satisfying 2a + 2b + (valence of M) × c = 2 and satisfying a + b ≠ 0. Specific examples of the olivine-type transition metal lithium compound represented by the above formula (A) include LiFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ , LiFe _0.9 Mn _0.1 PO ₄ , LiFe _0.15 Mn _0.75 Mg _0.1 PO ₄ , and LiFe. _Examples include _0.19 Mn _0.75 Zr _0.03 PO ₄ , and LiFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ is particularly preferable.

The oxide represented by the above formula (B) is a so-called olivine-type transition metal lithium compound containing at least iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) as transition metals. In the formula (B), N represents Ni, Co, Al, Zn, V, or Zr, and is preferably Co, Al, Zn, V, or Zr. d is 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, preferably 0 ≦ d <1, and more preferably 0.1 ≦ d ≦ 0.6. e is 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, preferably 0 ≦ e <1, and more preferably 0.1 ≦ e ≦ 0.6. f is 0 ≦ f <1, preferably 0 <f <1, and more preferably 0.05 ≦ f ≦ 0.4. These d, e, and f are numbers satisfying 2d + 2e + (N valence) × f = 2 and d + e ≠ 0. Specific examples of the olivine-type transition metal lithium compound represented by the above formula (B) include Li ₂ Fe _0.45 Mn _0.45 Co _0.1 SiO ₄ , Li ₂ Fe _0.36 Mn _0.54 Al _0.066 SiO ₄ , Li ₂ Fe _0.45 Mn _0.45 Zn _0.1 SiO ₄ , Li ₂ Fe _0.36 Mn _0.54 V _0.066 SiO ₄ , Li ₂ Fe _0.282 Mn _0.658 Zr _0.02 SiO _{4 and the} like can be mentioned, among which Li ₂ Fe _0.282 Mn _0.658 Zr _0.02 SiO ₄ is preferable.

The oxide represented by the formula (C) is an olivine-type transition metal sodium phosphate compound containing iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) as at least transition metals. In the formula (C), Q represents Mg, Ca, Co, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd, and is preferably Mg, Zr, Mo, or Co. g is 0 ≦ g ≦ 1, and preferably 0 <g ≦ 1. h is 0 ≦ h ≦ 1, and preferably 0.5 ≦ h <1. i is 0 ≦ i <1, preferably 0 ≦ i ≦ 0.5, and more preferably 0 ≦ i ≦ 0.3. These g, h, and i are numbers satisfying 0 ≦ g ≦ 1, 0 ≦ h ≦ 1, and 0 ≦ i <1, 2 + g + 2h + (Q valence) × i = 2 and satisfying g + h ≠ 0. It is. Specific examples of the olivine-type transition metal sodium phosphate compound represented by the formula (C) include, for example, NaFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ , NaFe _0.9 Mn _0.1 PO ₄ , NaFe _0.15 Mn _0.7 Mg _0.15 PO ₄ , NaFe Examples include _0.19 Mn _0.75 Zr _0.03 PO ₄ , NaFe _0.19 Mn _0.75 Mo _0.03 PO ₄ , NaFe _0.15 Mn _0.7 Co _0.15 PO ₄ , and NaFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ is preferred.

  The positive electrode active material for a secondary battery of the present invention is a composite (primary particle) containing an oxide represented by the above formula (A), (B) or (C) and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers. It is formed by supporting 0.1 to 4% by mass of carbon derived from a water-soluble carbon material. That is, in a composite obtained by using cellulose nanofibers and a specific amount of a water-soluble carbon material as a carbon source, and cellulose nanofibers are carbonized carbon to cover the oxide surface, The carbonized water-soluble carbon material is effectively supported as carbon at a portion where the oxide surface is exposed without the presence of cellulose nanofibers. Therefore, since the cellulose nanofibers and the water-soluble carbon material are both carbonized and are firmly supported over the entire surface of the oxide while effectively suppressing the exposure of the oxide surface, It is possible to effectively prevent moisture adsorption in the positive electrode active material for secondary batteries. Cellulose nanofiber is a skeletal component that occupies about 50% of all plant cell walls, and is a lightweight high-strength fiber that can be obtained by defibrating plant fibers constituting such cell walls to nano size, It also has good dispersibility in water. In addition, since the cellulose molecular chains constituting the cellulose nanofibers have a periodic structure formed of carbon, they are carbonized and firmly supported on the oxide, which is combined with the water-soluble carbon material. It is possible to obtain a useful positive electrode active material that can effectively enhance the performance of the battery.

  The cellulose nanofiber that can be used is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained by defibrating the plant fiber constituting the plant cell wall to nano size, for example, serish KY-100S (manufactured by Daicel Finechem), etc. Commercial products can be used. The fiber diameter of the cellulose nanofiber is preferably 4 to 500 nm, more preferably 5 to 400 nm, and still more preferably 10 to 300 nm from the viewpoint of firmly supporting the oxide on the oxide.

  The cellulose nanofibers are then carbonized and exist in the positive electrode active material for secondary batteries of the present invention as carbon supported on the oxides derived from cellulose nanofibers. The amount of carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers is preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, more preferably 0.7 to 10% by mass in the positive electrode active material for secondary battery of the present invention. . More specifically, in the positive electrode active material for secondary batteries in which the oxide is represented by the above formula (A) or (C), preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass in the positive electrode active material for secondary batteries. More preferably, it is 0.7 to 3.5% by mass, and in the positive electrode active material for a secondary battery in which the oxide is represented by the above formula (B), it is preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass. More preferably, it is 1-10 mass%. The atomic equivalent amount of carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers present in the positive electrode active material for secondary batteries is the atomic equivalent amount of carbon derived from a water-soluble carbon material from the amount of carbon measured using a carbon / sulfur analyzer. This can be confirmed by subtracting the carbon content of the water-soluble carbon material to be supported later.

  Specifically, the composite containing the oxide and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers includes a lithium compound or a sodium compound, a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound, and at least an iron compound or a manganese compound, and cellulose nanofibers It is preferable that it is obtained by subjecting the slurry water containing to hydrothermal reaction. That is, the composite is preferably a hydrothermal reaction product of slurry water containing a lithium compound or sodium compound, a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound, and at least an iron compound or a manganese compound and containing cellulose nanofibers. .

  The water-soluble carbon material supported as carbon carbonized in the composite is carbon that is dissolved in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. in an amount of 0.4 g or more, preferably 1.0 g or more in terms of carbon atom of the water-soluble carbon material. It means a material and functions as a carbon source supported by the oxides represented by the above formulas (A) to (C). Examples of the water-soluble carbon material include one or more selected from saccharides, polyols, polyethers, and organic acids. More specifically, for example, monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, galactose and mannose; disaccharides such as maltose, sucrose and cellobiose; polysaccharides such as starch and dextrin; ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and butane Examples include polyols and polyethers such as diol, propanediol, polyvinyl alcohol, and glycerin; and organic acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and ascorbic acid. Among these, glucose, fructose, sucrose, and dextrin are preferable, and glucose is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving the solubility and dispersibility in a solvent and effectively functioning as a carbon material.

  Such a water-soluble carbon material is effective as a carbon derived from 0.1 to 4% by mass of the water-soluble carbon material in a portion where the surface of the oxide is exposed without the carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers in the above composite. From the viewpoint of supporting, it is preferable that the composite is wet-mixed with the composite and supported on the composite as carbonized carbon. That is, the positive electrode active material for a secondary battery of the present invention includes an oxide and cellulose. It is preferable that a carbon fiber derived from a water-soluble carbon material is supported on a composite containing carbon derived from nanofibers. The amount of the carbon derived from the water-soluble carbon material is preferably included in the positive electrode active material for the secondary battery of the present invention from the viewpoint of effectively supporting the water-soluble carbon material on the surface of the oxide in which cellulose nanofibers are not present. Is 0.1 to 4% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 3.5% by mass, and still more preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass.

More specifically, the positive electrode active material for a secondary battery of the present invention is obtained by mixing a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound with a mixture X containing a lithium compound or a sodium compound and cellulose nanofibers to obtain a composite X. Step (I),
Step (II) of obtaining the complex Y by subjecting the obtained complex X and slurry water Y containing a metal salt containing at least an iron compound or a manganese compound to a hydrothermal reaction, and the obtained complex Y Step (III) of adding 0.1 to 16 parts by mass of water-soluble carbon material to 100 parts by mass of the composite, wet-mixing, and firing
It is preferable that it is obtained by a manufacturing method provided with.

Step (I) is a step of obtaining a composite X by mixing a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound with a mixture X containing a lithium compound or a sodium compound and cellulose nanofibers.
Examples of the lithium compound or sodium compound that can be used include hydroxides (for example, LiOH.H ₂ O, NaOH), carbonates, sulfates, and acetates. Of these, hydroxide is preferable.
The content of the lithium compound or silicate compound in the mixture X is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 7 to 45 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of water. More specifically, when a phosphoric acid compound is used in step (I), the content of the lithium compound or sodium compound in the mixture X is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of water. Preferably it is 10-45 mass parts. Moreover, when a silicic acid compound is used, content of the silicic acid compound in the mixture X becomes like this. Preferably it is 5-40 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of water, More preferably, it is 7-35 mass parts.

  The content of cellulose nanofibers in the mixture X is preferably 0.5 to 60 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.8 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of water in the mixture X, for example. More specifically, when a phosphoric acid compound is used in step (I), the content of cellulose nanofibers in the mixture X is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.8 to 15 parts. Part by mass. Moreover, when a silicic acid compound is used, content of the cellulose nanofiber in the mixture X becomes like this. Preferably it is 0.5-60 mass parts, More preferably, it is 1-40 mass parts.

  Before mixing the phosphoric acid compound or the silicic acid compound with the mixture X, it is preferable to stir the mixture X in advance. The stirring time of the mixture X is preferably 1 to 15 minutes, more preferably 3 to 10 minutes. Moreover, the temperature of the mixture X becomes like this. Preferably it is 20-90 degreeC, More preferably, it is 20-70 degreeC.

Examples of the phosphoric acid compound used in the step (I) include orthophosphoric acid (H ₃ PO ₄ , phosphoric acid), metaphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, tetraphosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium hydrogen phosphate. . Of these, phosphoric acid is preferably used, and is preferably used as an aqueous solution having a concentration of 70 to 90% by mass. In the step (I), when phosphoric acid is mixed with the mixture X, it is preferable to add phosphoric acid dropwise while stirring the mixture X. By adding phosphoric acid dropwise to the mixture X and adding it little by little, the reaction proceeds well in the mixture X, and the complex X is generated while being uniformly dispersed in the slurry. It can also be effectively suppressed.

The dropping rate of phosphoric acid into the mixture X is preferably 15 to 50 mL / min, more preferably 20 to 45 mL / min, and further preferably 28 to 40 mL / min. Moreover, the stirring time of the mixture X while dropping phosphoric acid is preferably 0.5 to 24 hours, and more preferably 3 to 12 hours. Furthermore, the stirring speed of the mixture X while dropping phosphoric acid is preferably 200 to 700 rpm, more preferably 250 to 600 rpm, and further preferably 300 to 500 rpm.
In addition, when stirring the mixture X, it is preferable to further cool below the boiling point temperature of the mixture X. Specifically, cooling to 80 ° C. or lower is preferable, and cooling to 20 to 60 ° C. is more preferable.

The silicic acid compound used in the step (I) is not particularly limited as long as it is a reactive silica compound, and examples thereof include amorphous silica, Na ₄ SiO ₄ (for example, Na ₄ SiO ₄ .H ₂ O), and the like. .

It is preferable that the mixture X after mixing a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound contains 2.0-4.0 mol of lithium or sodium with respect to 1 mol of phosphoric acid or silicic acid, and is 2.0-3. It is more preferable to contain 1 mol, and the lithium compound or sodium compound and the phosphoric acid compound or silicic acid compound may be used so as to obtain such an amount. More specifically, when a phosphoric acid compound is used in step (I), the mixture X after mixing the phosphoric acid compound is 2.7 to 3.3 mol of lithium or sodium with respect to 1 mol of phosphoric acid. It is preferable to contain 2.8-3.1 mol, and when a silicate compound is used in step (I), the mixture X after mixing the silicate compound is 1 mol of silicate. On the other hand, it is preferable to contain 2.0-4.0 mol of lithium, and it is more preferable to contain 2.0-3.0 mol of lithium.
What is necessary is just to use the said lithium compound or sodium compound, and a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound so that it may become such quantity.

By purging nitrogen with respect to the mixture X after mixing the phosphoric acid compound or the silicic acid compound, the reaction in the mixture is completed, and the oxides represented by the above (A) to (C) The precursor complex X is formed in the mixture. When nitrogen is purged, the reaction can proceed while the dissolved oxygen concentration in the mixture X is reduced, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the resulting mixture containing the complex X is also effectively reduced. Therefore, oxidation of the iron compound or manganese compound added in the next step can be suppressed. In the mixture containing the composite X, the precursors of the oxides represented by the above (A) to (C) are present as fine dispersed particles. For example, in the case of the oxide represented by the above formula (A), the composite X is obtained as a composite of trilithium phosphate (Li ₃ PO ₄ ) and cellulose nanofiber.

The pressure for purging nitrogen is preferably 0.1 to 0.2 MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 0.15 MPa. Moreover, the temperature of the mixture X after mixing a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound becomes like this. Preferably it is 20-80 degreeC, More preferably, it is 20-60 degreeC. For example, in the case of the oxide represented by the above formula (A), the reaction time is preferably 5 to 60 minutes, more preferably 15 to 45 minutes.
Moreover, when purging nitrogen, it is preferable to stir the mixture X after mixing a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound from a viewpoint of making reaction progress favorable. The stirring speed at this time is preferably 200 to 700 rpm, more preferably 250 to 600 rpm.

  Further, from the viewpoint of more effectively suppressing the oxidation on the surface of the dispersed particles of the complex X and miniaturizing the dispersed particles, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the mixture X after mixing the phosphoric acid compound or the silicate compound is reduced to 0. 0.5 mg / L or less is preferable, and 0.2 mg / L or less is more preferable.

  In the step (II), the composite X obtained in the step (I) and the slurry water Y containing a metal salt containing at least an iron compound or a manganese compound are subjected to a hydrothermal reaction to obtain the composite Y. It is. The composite X obtained by the step (I) is used as a precursor of the oxide represented by the above (A) to (C) as a mixture, and contains at least an iron compound or a manganese compound. Is preferably used as slurry water Y. Thereby, while simplifying a process, while the oxide represented by said (A)-(C) becomes very fine particle | grains, it can carry | support carbon derived from a cellulose nanofiber efficiently in a post process. This makes it possible to obtain a very useful positive electrode active material for a secondary battery.

  Examples of iron compounds that can be used include iron acetate, iron nitrate, and iron sulfate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, iron sulfate is preferable from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics.

  Examples of manganese compounds that can be used include manganese acetate, manganese nitrate, and manganese sulfate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, manganese sulfate is preferable from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics.

When both an iron compound and a manganese compound are used as the metal salt, the use molar ratio of these manganese compound and iron compound (manganese compound: iron compound) is preferably 99: 1 to 1:99, more preferably 90. : 10 to 10:90. The total amount of these iron compounds and manganese compounds is preferably 0.99 to 1.01 moles, more preferably 0.995, with respect to 1 mole of Li ₃ PO ₄ contained in the slurry water Y. ~ 1.005 mol.

Furthermore, you may use metal (M, N, or Q) salts other than an iron compound and a manganese compound as a metal salt as needed. M, N, and Q in the metal (M, N, or Q) salt have the same meanings as M, N, and Q in the above formulas (A) to (C), and as the metal salt, sulfate, halogen compound, organic Acid salts and hydrates thereof can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, it is more preferable to use a sulfate from the viewpoint of improving battery physical properties.
When these metal (M, N, or Q) salts are used, the total amount of iron compound, manganese compound, and metal (M, N, or Q) salt added is phosphoric acid in the mixture obtained in the above step (I). Or it is preferably 0.99 to 1.01 mole, and more preferably 0.995 to 1.005 mole relative to 1 mole of silicic acid.

  The amount of water used for the hydrothermal reaction is phosphoric acid or silicate ions contained in the slurry water Y from the viewpoint of the solubility of the metal salt used, the ease of stirring, the efficiency of synthesis, etc. Preferably it is 10-50 mol with respect to 1 mol, More preferably, it is 12.5-45 mol. More specifically, the amount of water used for the hydrothermal reaction is preferably 10 to 30 mol, more preferably 12 when the ions contained in the slurry water Y are phosphate ions. .5 to 25 moles. Moreover, when the ion contained in the slurry water Y is a silicate ion, Preferably it is 10-50 mol, More preferably, it is 12.5-45 mol.

In step (II), the order of addition of the iron compound, manganese compound and metal (M, N or Q) salt is not particularly limited. Moreover, while adding these metal salts, you may add antioxidant as needed. As such an antioxidant, sodium sulfite (Na ₂ SO ₃ ), hydrosulfite sodium (Na ₂ S ₂ O ₄ ), aqueous ammonia and the like can be used. From the viewpoint of preventing the generation of oxides represented by the above formulas (A) to (C) from being added in excess, the addition amount of the antioxidant is an iron compound, a manganese compound, and Preferably it is 0.01-1 mol with respect to the total of 1 mol of metal (M, N, or Q) salt used as needed, More preferably, it is 0.03-0.5 mol.

  The content of the complex Y in the slurry Y obtained by adding an iron compound, a manganese compound, and a metal (M, N or Q) salt or an antioxidant used as necessary is preferably 10 to 50% by mass. More preferably, it is 15-45 mass%, More preferably, it is 20-40 mass%.

The hydrothermal reaction in process (II) should just be 100 degreeC or more, and 130-180 degreeC is preferable. The hydrothermal reaction is preferably carried out in a pressure vessel, and when the reaction is carried out at 130 to 180 ° C, the pressure at this time is preferably 0.3 to 0.9 MPa, and the reaction is carried out at 140 to 160 ° C. The pressure is preferably 0.3 to 0.6 MPa. The hydrothermal reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 48 hours, more preferably 0.2 to 24 hours.
The obtained composite Y is a composite containing the oxides represented by the above formulas (A) to (C) and cellulose nanofibers. After filtration, the composite Y is washed with water and dried to obtain cellulose. It can be isolated as composite particles containing nanofibers. As the drying means, freeze drying or vacuum drying is used.

The BET specific surface area of the obtained composite Y is preferably 5 to 40 m ² / g, more preferably 5 to ²⁰ m ² / g, from the viewpoint of effectively reducing the amount of adsorbed moisture. If the BET specific surface area of the composite Y is less than 5 m ² / g, the primary particles of the positive electrode active material for the secondary battery become too large, and the battery characteristics may be deteriorated. On the other hand, if the BET specific surface area exceeds 40 m ² / g, the amount of adsorbed moisture of the positive electrode active material for secondary batteries may increase and affect battery characteristics.

  In step (III), 0.1 to 16 parts by mass of a water-soluble carbon material is added to 100 parts by mass of the composite Y obtained in step (II), wet-mixed, and then fired. It is. Thereby, while effectively suppressing the exposure of the oxide surface represented by the above (A) to (C), the cellulose nanofiber as the carbon source and the water-soluble carbon material are both carbonized in the oxide. Can be firmly supported as carbon.

  The addition amount of the water-soluble carbon material may be an amount such that the supported amount of the water-soluble carbon material as carbon obtained by carbonization falls within the above range in terms of carbon atom as described above. From the viewpoint of effectively supporting the carbon derived from the water-soluble carbon material in an amount of 0.1 to 4% by mass on the surface of the oxide in which carbon derived from the fiber is not present, It is a mass part, Preferably it is 0.2-14 mass part, More preferably, it is 0.3-12 mass part. Moreover, it is preferable to add water with a water-soluble carbon material. The amount of water added is preferably 30 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 250 parts by mass, and even more preferably 75 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the composite Y.

  The wet mixing means in step (III) is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a conventional method. After adding the water-soluble carbon material in the above amount to the composite Y, the temperature at the time of mixing is preferably 5 to 80 ° C, more preferably 10 to 60 ° C. The resulting mixture is preferably dried before firing. Examples of the drying means include spray drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying and the like.

  In step (III), the mixture obtained by the wet mixing is fired. Firing is preferably performed in a reducing atmosphere or an inert atmosphere. The firing temperature is preferably 500 to 800 ° C, more preferably 600 to 770 ° C, and further preferably 650 to 750 ° C, from the viewpoint of effectively carbonizing the cellulose nanofibers. The firing time is preferably 10 minutes to 3 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 1.5 hours.

The positive electrode active material for a secondary battery according to the present invention has a synergistic effect in which the carbon derived from the cellulose nanofibers and the carbon derived from the water-soluble carbon material are both supported on the oxide as a carbon source and act synergistically. The amount of adsorbed moisture in the positive electrode active material can be effectively reduced. Specifically, the amount of adsorbed moisture of the positive electrode active material for secondary battery of the present invention is the same for the secondary battery in the case of the positive electrode active material for secondary battery in which the oxide is represented by the above formula (A) or (C). In the positive electrode active material, preferably it is 1200 ppm or less, more preferably 1000 ppm or less, and in the positive electrode active material for a secondary battery in which the oxide is represented by the above formula (B), preferably 2500 ppm or less, and more Preferably it is 2000 ppm or less. The amount of adsorbed moisture is such that moisture is adsorbed until equilibrium is reached at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%, the temperature is raised to 150 ° C. and held for 20 minutes, and further raised to a temperature of 250 ° C. Measured as the amount of water volatilized from the start point to the end point, starting from when the temperature rise is resumed from 150 ° C. when held for 20 minutes and ending at the constant temperature state at 250 ° C. It is assumed that the amount of adsorbed moisture of the positive electrode active material for a secondary battery and the amount of moisture volatilized from the start point to the end point are the same, and the measured value of the volatilized moisture amount is This is the amount of moisture adsorbed on the positive electrode active material for the secondary battery.
Thus, since the positive electrode active material for a secondary battery of the present invention hardly adsorbs moisture, the amount of adsorbed moisture can be effectively reduced without requiring strong drying conditions as a production environment, and the resulting lithium In both the secondary battery and the sodium secondary battery, it is possible to stably exhibit excellent battery characteristics even under various usage environments.
When water is adsorbed until equilibrium is reached at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%, the temperature is raised to 150 ° C. and held for 20 minutes, and further raised to a temperature of 250 ° C. and held for 20 minutes. The amount of water volatilized between the start point and the end point, starting from when the temperature rise is resumed from 150 ° C. and the end point when the constant temperature state at 250 ° C. is completed, is measured using a Karl Fischer moisture meter, for example. Can be measured.

Moreover, the tap density of the positive electrode active material for a secondary battery of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , more preferably 0.8, from the viewpoint of effectively reducing the amount of adsorbed moisture. ˜1.6 g / cm ³ .

Furthermore, the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material for secondary batteries of the present invention is preferably 5 to 21 m ² / g, more preferably 7 to ²⁰ m ² / g, from the viewpoint of effectively reducing the amount of adsorbed moisture. It is.

  The secondary battery to which the positive electrode for a secondary battery including the positive electrode active material for a secondary battery of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited as long as it has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, and a separator as essential components.

  Here, as for the negative electrode, as long as lithium ions or sodium ions can be occluded at the time of charging and can be released at the time of discharging, the material configuration is not particularly limited, and those having a known material configuration can be used. . For example, a carbon material such as lithium metal, sodium metal, graphite, or amorphous carbon. It is preferable to use an electrode formed of an intercalating material capable of electrochemically inserting and extracting lithium ions or sodium ions, particularly a carbon material.

  The electrolytic solution is obtained by dissolving a supporting salt in an organic solvent. The organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic solvent that is usually used for an electrolyte solution of a lithium ion secondary battery or a sodium ion secondary battery. For example, carbonates, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers, ketones Nitriles, lactones, oxolane compounds and the like can be used.

The type of the supporting salt is not particularly limited, but in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, an inorganic salt selected from LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiClO ₄ , LiAsF ₆ , a derivative of the inorganic salt, LiSO ₃ CF ₃ , an organic material selected from LiC (SO ₃ CF ₃ ) ₂ , LiN (SO ₃ CF ₃ ) ₂ , LiN (SO ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ) ₂ and LiN (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) (SO ₂ C ₄ F ₉ ) It is preferably at least one of a salt and a derivative of the organic salt. In the case of a sodium ion secondary battery, an inorganic salt selected from NaPF ₆ , NaBF ₄ , NaClO ₄ and NaAsF ₆ , a derivative of the inorganic salt, NaSO ₃ CF ₃ , NaC (SO ₃ CF ₃ ) ₂ and NaN (SO ₃ CF ₃ ) ₂ , NaN (SO ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ) ₂ and NaN (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) (SO ₂ C ₄ F ₉ ), and at least one of derivatives of the organic salt It is preferable.

  The separator plays a role of electrically insulating the positive electrode and the negative electrode and holding the electrolytic solution. For example, a porous synthetic resin film, particularly a polyolefin polymer (polyethylene, polypropylene) porous film may be used.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[Example 1-1]
LiOH.H ₂ O 12.72 g, water 90 mL, and cellulose nanofiber (Cerish KY-100G, manufactured by Daicel Finechem, fiber diameter 4 to 100 nm, abbreviated CNF) 6.8 g (2. (Corresponding to 0% by mass) was mixed to obtain slurry water. Next, 11.53 g of 85% aqueous phosphoric acid solution was added dropwise at 35 mL / min while stirring the resulting slurry water at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 5 minutes, followed by 12 hours under a nitrogen gas purge at 400 rpm. By stirring at a speed, a mixture X containing the complex X (slurry water X ¹ , dissolved oxygen concentration 0.5 mg / L) was obtained. The slurry water X ¹ contained 2.97 mol of lithium with respect to 1 mol of phosphorus.

Next, 5.56 g of FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O and 19.29 g of MnSO ₄ .5H ₂ O were added to 121.0 g of the obtained slurry water X ¹ and mixed to obtain slurry water Y ¹ . Next, the obtained slurry water Y ¹ was charged into an autoclave and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 170 ° C. for 1 hour. The pressure in the autoclave was 0.8 MPa. The produced crystal was filtered, and then washed with 12 parts by mass of water with respect to 1 part by mass of the crystal. The washed crystal was freeze-dried at −50 ° C. for 12 hours to give a composite Y ¹ (chemical composition of the oxide represented by the formula (A): LiMn _0.8 Fe _0.2 PO ₄ , BET specific surface area 21 m ² / g, average grain 60 nm in diameter) was obtained.
10 g of the obtained complex Y ¹ was taken, and 0.25 g of glucose (corresponding to 1.0% by mass in terms of carbon atom in the active material) and 10 mL of water were added and mixed at 80 ° C. It performed 12 hours drying, and then calcined 1 hour at 700 ° C. under a reducing atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery (LiFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO _4, weight = 3.0 wt% carbon).

[Example 1-2]
A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that 0.5 g of glucose added to the complex Y ¹ (corresponding to 2.0% by mass in terms of carbon atom in the active material) was used. An active material (LiFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ , amount of carbon = 4.0% by mass) was obtained.

[Example 1-3]
A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that 0.75 g of glucose added to the complex Y ¹ (corresponding to 2.9% by mass in terms of carbon atom in the active material) was used. An active material (LiFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ , amount of carbon = 4.9% by mass) was obtained.

[Comparative Example 1-1]
A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery (LiFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ , amount of carbon = 2.0 mass%) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that glucose was not added.

[Example 2-1]
LiOH · H ₂ O 4.28g, a mixture of ultra-pure water 37.5mL to _{Na 4 SiO 4 · nH 2 O} 13.97g obtain a slurry water. In this slurry water, 14.9 g of cellulose nanofiber (Cerish KY-100G, manufactured by Daicel Finechem, fiber diameter 4 to 100 nm, abbreviation CNF) (corresponding to 8.0% by mass in terms of carbon atom in the active material), FeSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O 3.92g, was added MnSO ₄ · 5H ₂ O 7.93g, and Zr a _{(SO 4) 2 · 4H 2} O 0.53g, at a speed 400rpm while maintaining the temperature of 25 ° C. 30 stirred to minutes to obtain a slurry water Y ^2.
Then, the resulting slurry water Y ² was charged into the synthesis vessel installed in a steam-heated autoclave. After the addition, the mixture was heated with stirring at 150 ° C. for 12 hours using saturated steam obtained by heating water (dissolved oxygen concentration less than 0.5 mg / L) with a membrane separator. The pressure in the autoclave was 0.4 MPa. The produced crystal was filtered, and then washed with 12 parts by mass of water with respect to 1 part by mass of the crystal. The washed crystal was freeze-dried at −50 ° C. for 12 hours, and the composite Y ² (the chemical composition of the oxide represented by the formula (B): Li ₂ Fe _0.28 Mn _0.66 Zr _0.03 SiO ₄ , BET specific surface area 35 m ² / g, average particle size 50 nm).

The resulting complex ^{Y 2} was collected 5.0g fraction, which (corresponding to 1.0 wt% in terms of carbon atoms content in the active material in) glucose 0.125g and 5mL water was added and mixed 80 Dry at 12 ° C. for 12 hours, and calcined in a reducing atmosphere at 650 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery (Li ₂ Fe _0.28 Mn _0.66 Zr _0.03 SiO ₄ , amount of carbon = 9.0% by mass) )

[Example 2-2]
Except that the glucose to be added to the complex Y ² was 0.25 g (corresponding to 2.0 wt% in terms of carbon atoms content in the active material), a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery in the same manner as in Example 2-1 An active material (Li ₂ Fe _0.28 Mn _0.66 Zr _0.03 SiO ₄ , amount of carbon = 10.0 mass%) was obtained.

[Example 2-3]
Except that the glucose to be added to the complex Y ² 0.375 g (corresponding to 2.9 wt% in terms of carbon atoms content in the active material), a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery in the same manner as in Example 2-1 An active material (Li ₂ Fe _0.28 Mn _0.66 Zr _0.03 SiO ₄ , amount of carbon = 10.9% by mass) was obtained.

[Comparative Example 2-1]
Except that the glucose to be added to the complex Y ² was 0.75 g (corresponding to 5.7 wt% in terms of carbon atoms content in the active material), a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery in the same manner as in Example 2-1 An active material (Li ₂ Fe _0.28 Mn _0.66 Zr _0.03 SiO ₄ , amount of carbon = 13.7% by mass) was obtained.

[Comparative Example 2-2]
A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery (Li ₂ Fe _0.28 Mn _0.66 Zr _0.03 SiO ₄ , amount of carbon = 8.0 mass%) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that glucose was not added. It was.

[Example 3-1]
A slurry water was obtained by mixing 6.00 g of NaOH, 90 mL of water, and 5.10 g of cellulose nanofiber (corresponding to 1.3% by mass in terms of carbon atom in the active material). Next, 5.77 g of 85% aqueous phosphoric acid solution was added dropwise at 35 mL / min while stirring the resulting slurry water for 5 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 25 ° C., followed by stirring at a speed of 400 rpm for 12 hours. by obtain a slurry ^{X 3} containing complex ^{X 3.} Such slurry ^{X 3,} compared per mole of phosphorus and contained sodium 3.00 mol. The obtained slurry was purged with nitrogen gas to adjust the dissolved oxygen concentration to 0.5 mg / L, then 1.39 g of FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, 9.64 g of MnSO ₄ .5H ₂ O, MgSO _4. 7.24 g of 7H ₂ O was added to obtain slurry water Y ³ . Then, the slurry water Y ³ obtained was placed in a steam-heated autoclave was charged in the synthesis vessel was purged with nitrogen gas. After the addition, the mixture was heated with stirring at 200 ° C. for 3 hours using saturated steam obtained by heating water (dissolved oxygen concentration less than 0.5 mg / L) with a membrane separator. The pressure in the autoclave was 1.4 MPa. The produced crystal was filtered, and then washed with 12 parts by mass of water with respect to 1 part by mass of the crystal. The washed crystals were freeze-dried at −50 ° C. for 12 hours to give composite Y ³ (chemical composition of oxide represented by formula (C): NaFe _0.1 Mn _0.8 Mg _0.1 PO ₄ , BET specific surface area 15 m ² / g, An average particle size of 100 nm) was obtained.

5.0 g of the obtained complex Y ³ was taken, and 0.125 g of glucose (corresponding to 1.0% by mass in terms of carbon atom in the active material) and 5 mL of water were added to this and mixed to obtain 80 Drying was performed at a temperature of 12 ° C. for 12 hours, and baking was performed at 700 ° C. for 1 hour in a reducing atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material for sodium secondary battery (NaFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ , amount of carbon = 2.3 mass%). .

[Example 3-2]
A positive electrode for a sodium secondary battery in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that the amount of glucose added to the complex Y ³ was 0.25 g (corresponding to 2.0% by mass in terms of carbon atoms in the active material). An active material (NaFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ , amount of carbon = 3.3 mass%) was obtained.

[Example 3-3]
A positive electrode for a sodium secondary battery in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that 0.375 g of glucose added to the complex Y ³ (corresponding to 2.9% by mass in terms of carbon atom in the active material) was used. An active material (NaFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ , amount of carbon = 4.2 mass%) was obtained.

[Comparative Example 3-1]
A positive electrode active material for sodium secondary battery (NaFe _0.2 Mn _0.8 PO ₄ , amount of carbon = 1.3 mass%) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that glucose was not added.

<Measurement of adsorbed water content>
The adsorbed water content of each positive electrode active material obtained in Examples 1-1 to 3-3 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3-1 was measured according to the following method.
About the positive electrode active material (composite particle), after allowing it to stand for 1 day in an environment of a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% and adsorbing moisture until reaching equilibrium, raising the temperature to 150 ° C. and holding for 20 minutes, Furthermore, when the temperature is raised to 250 ° C. and held for 20 minutes, the start point is when the temperature rise is resumed from 150 ° C., and the end point is when the constant temperature state at 250 ° C. is finished. The amount of water that volatilized was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter (MKC-610, manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Industry Co., Ltd.) and determined as the amount of moisture adsorbed in the positive electrode active material.
The results are shown in Table 1.

<< Evaluation of charge / discharge characteristics using secondary battery >>
Using the positive electrode active materials obtained in Examples 1-1 to 3-3 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3-1, positive electrodes of lithium ion secondary batteries or sodium ion secondary batteries were produced. Specifically, the obtained positive electrode active material, ketjen black and polyvinylidene fluoride were mixed at a mass ratio of 75: 20: 5, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added thereto and kneaded sufficiently. A positive electrode slurry was prepared. The positive electrode slurry was applied to a current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 μm using a coating machine, and vacuum dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours.
Thereafter, it was punched into a disk shape of φ14 mm and pressed at 16 MPa for 2 minutes using a hand press to obtain a positive electrode.
Next, a coin-type secondary battery was constructed using the positive electrode. A lithium foil punched to φ15 mm was used for the negative electrode. For the electrolyte, LiPF ₆ (in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery) or NaPF ₆ (in the case of a sodium ion secondary battery) is mixed in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1. Those dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / L were used. As the separator, a known one such as a polymer porous film such as polypropylene was used. These battery components were assembled and housed in a conventional manner in an atmosphere with a dew point of −50 ° C. or lower to produce a coin-type secondary battery (CR-2032).

A charge / discharge test was performed using the manufactured secondary battery. In the case of a lithium ion battery, the charging condition is a constant current and constant voltage charge with a current of 1 CA (330 mA / g) and a voltage of 4.5 V, the discharge condition is 1 CA (330 mA / g), and a constant current discharge with a final voltage of 1.5 V. As a result, the discharge capacity at 1 CA was obtained. In the case of a sodium ion battery, the charging conditions are a constant current and constant voltage charging with a current of 1 CA (154 mA / g) and a voltage of 4.5 V, the discharging conditions are a constant current discharge of 1 CA (154 mA / g) and a final voltage of 2.0 V. As a result, the discharge capacity at 1 CA was obtained. Furthermore, 50 cycles were repeatedly tested under the same charge / discharge conditions, and the capacity retention rate (%) was determined by the following formula (1). All charge / discharge tests were performed at 30 ° C.
Capacity retention rate (%) = (discharge capacity after 50 cycles) / (discharge capacity after 1 cycle) × 100 (1)
The results are shown in Table 2.

  From the above results, it can be seen that the positive electrode active material of the example can surely reduce the amount of adsorbed moisture as compared with the positive electrode active material of the comparative example, and can also exhibit excellent performance in the obtained battery.

Claims (7)

The following formula (A), (B) or (C) containing at least iron or manganese:
LiFe _a Mn _b M _c PO ₄ (A)
(In the formula (A), M represents Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. A, b, and c are 0 ≦ a ≦ 1, 0 ≦ b ≦ 1, 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.2, and 2a + 2b + (M valence) × c = 2 and a number satisfying a + b ≠ 0 are shown.)
_{Li 2 Fe d Mn e N f} SiO 4 ··· (B)
(In the formula (B), N represents Ni, Co, Al, Zn, V, or Zr. D, e, and f are 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, 0 ≦ e ≦ 1, and 0 ≦ f <1, 2d + 2e +. (The valence of N) × f = 2 is satisfied, and d + e ≠ 0 is satisfied.)
NaFe _g Mn _h Q _i PO ₄ (C)
(In the formula (C), Q represents Mg, Ca, Co, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. G, h, and i are 0 ≦ g ≦. 1, 0 ≦ h ≦ 1, 0 ≦ i <1, and 2g + 2h + (valence of Q) × i = 2 and a number satisfying g + h ≠ 0 are shown.)
A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery in which 0.1 to 4% by mass of carbon derived from a water-soluble carbon material is supported on a composite containing an oxide represented by the formula (1) and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers.   The positive electrode active material for a secondary battery according to claim 1, which is a fired product of a wet mixture of an oxide, a composite containing cellulose nanofiber-derived carbon, and a water-soluble carbon material.   The positive electrode active material for a secondary battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers is 0.5 to 15% by mass.   The positive electrode active material for a secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water-soluble carbon material is one or more selected from saccharides, polyols, polyethers, and organic acids.   A composite containing an oxide and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers includes a lithium compound or sodium compound, a phosphoric acid compound or silicic acid compound, and at least an iron compound or a manganese compound, and slurry water containing cellulose nanofibers, It is a hydrothermal reaction material, The positive electrode active material for secondary batteries of any one of Claims 1-4. The following formula (A), (B) or (C) containing at least iron or manganese:
LiFe _a Mn _b M _c PO ₄ (A)
(In the formula (A), M represents Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. A, b, and c are 0 ≦ a ≦ 1, 0 ≦ b ≦ 1, 0 ≦ c ≦ 0.2, and 2a + 2b + (M valence) × c = 2 and a number satisfying a + b ≠ 0 are shown.)
_{Li 2 Fe d Mn e N f} SiO 4 ··· (B)
(In the formula (B), N represents Ni, Co, Al, Zn, V, or Zr. D, e, and f are 0 ≦ d ≦ 1, 0 ≦ e ≦ 1, and 0 ≦ f <1, 2d + 2e +. (The valence of N) × f = 2 is satisfied, and d + e ≠ 0 is satisfied.)
NaFe _g Mn _h Q _i PO ₄ (C)
(In the formula (C), Q represents Mg, Ca, Co, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Nd, or Gd. G, h, and i are 0 ≦ g ≦. 1, 0 ≦ h ≦ 1, 0 ≦ i <1, and 2g + 2h + (valence of Q) × i = 2 and a number satisfying g + h ≠ 0 are shown.)
Production of a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery in which 0.1 to 4% by mass of carbon derived from a water-soluble carbon material is supported on a composite comprising an oxide represented by formula (II) and carbon derived from cellulose nanofibers. A method,
Step (I) of obtaining a composite X by mixing a phosphoric acid compound or a silicic acid compound with a mixture X containing a lithium compound or a sodium compound and cellulose nanofibers,
Step (II) of obtaining the complex Y by subjecting the obtained complex X and slurry water Y containing a metal salt containing at least an iron compound or a manganese compound to a hydrothermal reaction, and the obtained complex Y Step (III) of adding 0.1 to 16 parts by mass of water-soluble carbon material to 100 parts by mass of the composite, wet-mixing, and firing
A method for producing a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery.   The method for producing a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein the water-soluble carbon material is one or more selected from saccharides, polyols, polyethers, and organic acids.