JP2016176488A - Friction damper - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a friction damper capable of accurately controlling frictional force.SOLUTION: A friction damper 1 suppressing vibrations of a structure, is equipped with a slide plate 12 formed with a first sliding surface P1; a sliding plate 13 formed with a second sliding surface P2 contacted with the first sliding surface P1, and a fastening member 15 adding axial force in a direction in which the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2 are contacted. On a surface of at least one of the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2, a friction layer 30 adjusting a friction coefficient between the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2 is formed. The friction layer 30 has a friction coefficient smaller than 0.4, and the fluctuation of the friction coefficient is smaller than 0.1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a friction damper that suppresses vibration of a structure.

  Conventionally, a plurality of first sliding plates attached to one structure, a plurality of second sliding plates attached to the other structure, a first sliding plate and a second sliding plate, Are known, and a damping device is known that includes a fastening tool that is alternately stacked and fastened so as to slide within a plate surface (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The vibration damping device configured as described above performs an accurate hysteresis characteristic operation and exhibits a stable braking force.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-343675

  By the way, in order to make the frictional force between the first sliding plate and the second sliding plate more stable, the friction between the first sliding plate and the second sliding plate. It is necessary to adjust the coefficient to a more appropriate one.

  Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the friction damper which can control a frictional force accurately.

  The friction damper of the present invention is a friction damper that suppresses vibration of a structure, and includes a first sliding member on which a first sliding surface is formed, and a second sliding surface in contact with the first sliding surface. A second sliding member, and a pressing member that applies a pressing force in a direction in which the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface are in contact with each other, the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface A friction layer for adjusting a friction coefficient between the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface is formed on at least one surface of the friction layer, and the friction layer has a friction coefficient of more than 0.4. It is small, and the variation of the friction coefficient is smaller than 0.1.

  According to this configuration, since the friction coefficient can be made smaller than 0.4 and the variation in the friction coefficient can be made smaller than 0.1, the friction coefficient changes according to the pressing force (the vertical drag against the sliding surface). The displacement of the frictional force can be in a linear relationship, and the frictional force can be adjusted with high accuracy.

  The friction coefficient is preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.2.

  According to this configuration, since the variation of the friction coefficient can be further suppressed, the displacement of the friction force can be made more linear, and the friction force can be adjusted with higher accuracy.

  The friction layer is preferably formed using a copper alloy-based sintered material.

  According to this configuration, a material having higher rigidity than a general solid lubricating material (for example, graphite or the like) can be used, so that deformation of the friction layer at the time of pressing can be reduced and handled easily. be able to. Moreover, since a friction layer having wear resistance can be formed, deterioration over time can be suppressed.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view showing the friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the history of frictional force and displacement in the quasi-static characteristics of the friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the frictional force that changes according to the axial force in the quasi-static characteristic of the friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the history of frictional force and displacement in the dynamic characteristics of the friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the frictional force that changes according to the axial force in the dynamic characteristics of the friction damper according to the present embodiment.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by this embodiment. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily replaced by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same. Furthermore, the constituent elements described below can be appropriately combined, and when there are a plurality of embodiments, the embodiments can be combined.

[Embodiment]
The friction damper 1 according to the present embodiment is used, for example, as a vibration damping device that suppresses vibration of a structure such as a building. Here, FIG. 1 is a front view showing the friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view showing the friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the history of frictional force and displacement in the quasi-static characteristics of the friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the frictional force that changes according to the axial force in the quasi-static characteristic of the friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the history of frictional force and displacement in the dynamic characteristics of the friction damper according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the frictional force that changes according to the axial force in the dynamic characteristics of the friction damper according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the structure provided with the friction damper 1 is formed by, for example, an upper beam (not shown), a lower beam 5a, two columns (not shown) that support the upper beam and the lower beam 5a, and a predetermined plane. The structure includes the frame 5 formed in a frame shape. The friction damper 1 provided in such a frame-shaped frame 5 includes two braces 11, a plurality of slide plates (first sliding members) 12, and a plurality of sliding plates (second sliding members) 13. And a plurality of spacers 14 and a fastening member (pressing member) 15.

  The two braces 11 are so-called braces, and one end of one brace 11 is connected to a corner portion formed by the upper beam and one column via a connecting member, and one end of the other brace 11 is connected to the other brace 11. It is connected to a corner portion formed by the upper beam and the other column via a connecting member. Further, the two braces 11 are arranged so that the other ends thereof are located in the center in the longitudinal direction of the lower beam 5a.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the plurality of slide plates 12 are connected to the other ends of the two braces 11 and are stacked so that the plate surfaces of the slide plates 12 face each other. . Here, the stacking direction of the plurality of slide plates 12 is a direction orthogonal to a predetermined plane in which the frame-like frame 5 is arranged. A long hole 21 that is long in the longitudinal direction of the lower beam 5a is formed through the center of each slide plate 12. Each slide plate 12 is a steel plate using stainless steel (for example, SUS304), and the plate surface thereof is a first slide surface P <b> 1 in contact with each slide plate 13.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of spacers 14 are respectively provided between the plurality of stacked slide plates 12. Each spacer 14 is disposed on the upper beam side with respect to the slide plate 12. The plurality of spacers 14 are fastened together with the plurality of slide plates 12 by two fastening bolts 25.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the plurality of sliding plates 13 are attached to the lower beam 5 a and are stacked so that the plate surfaces of the sliding plates 13 face each other. Here, the stacking direction of the plurality of sliding plates 13 is the same direction as the stacking direction of the plurality of sliding plates 12, and is a direction orthogonal to a predetermined plane in which the frame-like frame 5 is arranged. It has become. A fastening hole 22 through which the fastening member 15 is inserted is formed through the center of each sliding plate 13. Each sliding plate 13 is a steel plate using stainless steel (for example, SUS304) similarly to the sliding plate 12.

  The plurality of sliding plates 13 attached to the lower beam 5a are disposed between the plurality of stacked sliding plates 12. Each sliding plate 13 is disposed on the lower beam 5 a side with respect to the sliding plate 12. The plurality of sliding plates 13 are fastened together with the plurality of sliding plates 12 by fastening members 15. For this reason, each sliding plate 13 is a second sliding surface P <b> 2 in contact with each sliding plate 12. In addition, although mentioned later for details, the friction layer 30 which adjusts the friction coefficient between the 1st sliding surface P1 and the 2nd sliding surface P2 is formed in the surface of this 2nd sliding surface P2. .

  The fastening member 15 is comprised using the volt | bolt and the nut, for example. The fastening member 15 is inserted through the plurality of long holes 21 formed in the plurality of slide plates 12 and the fastening holes 22 of the plurality of sliding plates 13 that are overlapped in the stacking direction with respect to the plurality of long holes 21. . When the fastening member 15 is fastened, the first sliding surface P1 of each sliding plate 12 and the second sliding surface P2 of each sliding plate 13 come into contact with each other, and the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2 are in contact with each other. A frictional force corresponding to a predetermined axial force (pressing force) is applied between the sliding surface P2. At this time, since the long hole 21 of each slide plate 12 is formed long in the longitudinal direction of the lower beam 5 a, each slide plate 12 extends in the longitudinal direction of the lower beam 5 a relative to the slide plate 13. Displacement is possible.

  When the frame 5 vibrates, the friction damper 1 configured in this way includes a plurality of slide plates 12 attached to the upper beam via the two braces 11, and a plurality of slide plates 13 attached to the lower beam 5a. However, it is displaced in the direction in which the long hole 21 is formed in the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2. For this reason, the friction damper 1 absorbs the vibration of the frame 5 because the frictional force is generated between the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2 to convert the vibration of the frame 5 into frictional heat. To do.

  Next, the friction layer 30 formed on the surface of the second sliding surface P2 of the sliding plate 13 will be described. The friction layer 30 is formed by sintering a copper alloy-based sintered material. Specifically, the friction layer 30 is mainly composed of bronze, tin and lead are added, and graphite is mixed in a powder state, and this is mixed on the surface of the sliding plate 13 which is a stainless steel plate. It is applied and sintered, and thereafter, the sliding plate 13 is rolled and further subjected to secondary sintering.

  In the friction layer 30 configured in this way, the friction coefficient between the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2 is smaller than 0.4, and the variation of the friction coefficient is smaller than 0.1. It is getting smaller. Specifically, the friction coefficient between the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2 is in the range of 0.15 to 0.2. For this reason, the frictional force between the first sliding surface P <b> 1 and the second sliding surface P <b> 2 changes linearly according to the axial force of the fastening member 15.

  Next, referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the history of the frictional force and displacement of the friction damper 1 is shown, and the frictional force that changes according to the axial force is described with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 6. .

  Here, FIG. 3 is a history of friction force and displacement in the quasi-static characteristics of the friction damper 1. Here, the quasi-static characteristic is a characteristic when the plurality of slide plates 12 are slowly displaced with respect to the plurality of slide plates 13 using a hydraulic jack or the like. Specifically, in FIG. 3, the axial force is set so that the frictional force is 1000 kN, and in this state, the plurality of slide plates 12 are set to ± 40 mm with respect to the plurality of slide plates 13 using a hydraulic device. It is a history when it is displaced to some extent. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents displacement, and the vertical axis represents load (friction force). As shown in FIG. 3, when the plurality of slide plates 12 are moved in the longitudinal direction of the lower beam 5a with respect to the plurality of slide plates 13, a constant frictional force of about 1000 kN is generated. Further, when the plurality of slide plates 12 are moved backward in the longitudinal direction of the lower beam 5a with respect to the plurality of slide plates 13, similarly, a constant frictional force of about 1000 kN is generated.

  FIG. 4 shows the frictional force that changes according to the axial force in the quasi-static characteristic of the friction damper 1. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents the axial force, and the vertical axis represents the frictional force. As shown in FIG. 4, the frictional force in the quasi-static characteristic of the friction damper 1 changes linearly according to the axial force. Here, in FIG. 4, the friction surfaces where the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2 come into contact are 14 surfaces, and the friction coefficient μ on each friction surface is “μ = (friction force). From the formula of “/ number of surfaces) / axial force”, it is about 0.18.

  FIG. 5 is a history of frictional force and displacement in the dynamic characteristics of the friction damper 1. Here, the dynamic characteristic is a characteristic when the plurality of slide plates 12 are displaced with a predetermined period with respect to the plurality of slide plates 13 using a hydraulic device such as a hydraulic jack. Specifically, L1 shown in FIG. 5 is a history when the plurality of slide plates 12 are displaced with respect to the plurality of slide plates 13 using a hydraulic device at a cycle of 1.0 Hz. The displacement at this time is about ± 15 mm. Further, L2 shown in FIG. 5 is a history when the plurality of slide plates 12 are displaced with respect to the plurality of slide plates 13 using a hydraulic device at a cycle of 0.5 Hz. The displacement at that time is about ± 35 mm. Furthermore, L3 shown in FIG. 5 is a history when the plurality of slide plates 12 are displaced with respect to the plurality of slide plates 13 with a period of 0.2 Hz using a hydraulic device. The displacement at that time is about ± 35 mm. In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis represents displacement, and the vertical axis represents load (friction force). As shown in FIG. 5, when the plurality of slide plates 12 are reciprocated in the longitudinal direction of the lower beam 5a with respect to the plurality of slide plates 13, a constant friction of about 400 kN in L1, L2, and L3. Power is generated.

  FIG. 6 shows the frictional force that changes according to the axial force in the dynamic characteristics of the friction damper 1. In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis is the axial force, and the vertical axis is the frictional force. As shown in FIG. 6, the frictional force in the dynamic characteristic of the friction damper 1 changes linearly according to the axial force. Here, in FIG. 6, there are six friction surfaces on which the first sliding surface P1 and the second sliding surface P2 come into contact, and the friction coefficient μ on each friction surface is “μ = (friction force). From the formula of “/ number of surfaces) / axial force”, it is about 0.19.

  Thus, the friction coefficient μ in the quasi-static characteristic and the dynamic characteristic of the friction damper 1 is almost the same value, and since the variation of the friction coefficient μ is smaller than 0.1, the axial force is The change of the corresponding friction force becomes a linear relationship.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the friction coefficient μ can be smaller than 0.4 and the variation of the friction coefficient μ can be smaller than 0.1. The displacement of the frictional force can be in a linear relationship, and the frictional force can be adjusted with high accuracy.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, since the friction coefficient μ can be in the range of 0.15 to 0.2, the fluctuation of the friction coefficient μ can be further suppressed, so that the displacement of the friction force is made more linear. And the frictional force can be adjusted more accurately.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the friction layer 30 can be formed using a copper alloy-based sintered material. For this reason, since it is possible to use a material having higher rigidity than a general solid lubricating material (for example, graphite or the like), deformation of the friction layer 30 at the time of application of axial force can be reduced, and easily It can be handled. Moreover, since the friction layer 30 having wear resistance can be formed, deterioration with time can be suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, the copper alloy-based sintered material is applied to the friction layer 30. However, the friction coefficient μ is smaller than 0.4, and the variation of the friction coefficient μ is smaller than 0.1. For example, a resin material such as a resin may be applied as long as the material can be used.

1 friction damper 5 frame 5a lower beam 11 brace 12 slide plate (first sliding member)
13 Sliding plate (second sliding member)
14 Spacer 15 Fastening member (Pressing member)
21 Long hole 22 Fastening hole 25 Fastening bolt 30 Friction layer P1 First sliding surface P2 Second sliding surface

Claims (3)

In friction dampers that suppress vibrations of structures,
A first sliding member on which a first sliding surface is formed;
A second sliding member formed with a second sliding surface in contact with the first sliding surface;
A pressing member that applies a pressing force in a direction in which the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface are in contact with each other;
A friction layer for adjusting a friction coefficient between the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface is formed on at least one surface of the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface,
The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein the friction layer has a coefficient of friction smaller than 0.4 and a variation in the coefficient of friction is smaller than 0.1.   The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein the friction coefficient is in a range of 0.15 to 0.2.   The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein the friction layer is formed using a copper alloy-based sintered material.

Images