JP2016169869A - Hydrogen filling device - Google Patents

Hydrogen filling device Download PDF

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JP2016169869A
JP2016169869A JP2016119682A JP2016119682A JP2016169869A JP 2016169869 A JP2016169869 A JP 2016169869A JP 2016119682 A JP2016119682 A JP 2016119682A JP 2016119682 A JP2016119682 A JP 2016119682A JP 2016169869 A JP2016169869 A JP 2016169869A
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pressure
filling
hydrogen
vehicle tank
vehicle
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JP6332705B2 (en
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取 直 明 名
Naoaki Natori
取 直 明 名
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Tatsuno Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydrogen filling device and filling method, capable of surely stopping hydrogen filling in a case where a filling rate reaches 100% during hydrogen filling, without applying a large load to a control mechanism.SOLUTION: A hydrogen filling device includes a hydrogen supply source 1, a filling hose 2, a filling nozzle 3 and a hydrogen filling stop mechanism 4. A controller 10 compares a vehicle tank inner pressure (threshold value of pressure) with a filling rate (SOC) of 100% determined by each control cycle, with a vehicle tank inner pressure in a corresponding control cycle, and when the vehicle tank inner pressure in the corresponding control cycle exceeds the vehicle tank inner pressure (threshold value of pressure) with the filling rate (SOC) of 100%, outputs a hydrogen filling stop signal to the hydrogen filling stop mechanism 4.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

本発明は、例えば燃料電池自動車の燃料タンクのような圧力容器に水素を充填する技術に関する。 The present invention relates to a technique for filling a pressure vessel such as a fuel tank of a fuel cell vehicle with hydrogen.

図５で示すように、燃料電池自動車３００の燃料タンク３０１へ水素を充填する水素供給設備では、水素供給（充填）装置２００から水素充填ホース２０１、水素充填ノズル２０２を介して、車両の燃料タンク３０１内に水素が充填される。充填に際しては、水素充填ノズル２０２は図５では図示しない車両側のコネクタと一体的に結合されている。
水素供給（充填）装置２００は、水素供給配管（図５では図示せず）を介して水素供給源（図５では図示せず）と連通しており、その内部には車両側に供給される水素を冷却する冷却装置（図５では図示せず：例えば、特許文献１参照）が内蔵されている。 As shown in FIG. 5, in the hydrogen supply facility for filling the fuel tank 301 of the fuel cell vehicle 300 with hydrogen, the fuel tank of the vehicle is supplied from the hydrogen supply (filling) device 200 through the hydrogen filling hose 201 and the hydrogen filling nozzle 202. 301 is filled with hydrogen. At the time of filling, the hydrogen filling nozzle 202 is integrally coupled to a vehicle-side connector (not shown in FIG. 5).
The hydrogen supply (filling) device 200 is in communication with a hydrogen supply source (not shown in FIG. 5) via a hydrogen supply pipe (not shown in FIG. 5), and is supplied to the vehicle side inside thereof. A cooling device for cooling hydrogen (not shown in FIG. 5; see, for example, Patent Document 1) is incorporated.

燃料電池自動車の燃料タンクへ水素を充填するための規格では、充填率（ＳＯＣ）を管理することが求められている。
係る規格に対応するため、従来技術では、燃料電池自動車の燃料タンク内の温度と圧力を計測し、計測された温度と圧力からその時点（制御サイクル）における水素の圧縮係数と密度を求めている。そして、燃料タンク内の圧力７０ＭＰａ、温度１５℃の密度（４０．２ｇ／Ｌ）を充填率１００％として、水素の充填中に充填率１００％に到達した場合に、水素充填を停止している。
ここで、計測された温度と圧力からその時点（制御サイクル）における水素の圧縮係数を求める演算は非常に複雑であり、高度な演算機能を有する情報処理機器が必要となる。
しかし、水素供給設備に高度な演算機能を有する情報処理機器を設置することは困難である。一方、一般的なレベルの演算機能を有する情報処理機器を備えた水素供給設備では、水素充填の制御に際して、制御機構に大きな負荷を強いることになり、水素供給設備の稼動に悪影響を及ぼしてしまう。 In the standard for filling hydrogen into the fuel tank of a fuel cell vehicle, it is required to manage the filling rate (SOC).
In order to comply with such standards, the conventional technology measures the temperature and pressure in the fuel tank of a fuel cell vehicle, and obtains the compression coefficient and density of hydrogen at that point (control cycle) from the measured temperature and pressure. . Then, assuming that the pressure in the fuel tank is 70 MPa and the density at a temperature of 15 ° C. (40.2 g / L) is 100%, hydrogen filling is stopped when the filling rate reaches 100% during filling with hydrogen. .
Here, the calculation for obtaining the compression coefficient of hydrogen at the time (control cycle) from the measured temperature and pressure is very complicated, and an information processing device having an advanced calculation function is required.
However, it is difficult to install an information processing device having an advanced calculation function in the hydrogen supply facility. On the other hand, in a hydrogen supply facility equipped with an information processing device having a general level of calculation function, a heavy load is imposed on the control mechanism when controlling hydrogen filling, which adversely affects the operation of the hydrogen supply facility. .

その他の従来技術として、水素が車両タンクに入る以前の段階で冷却する技術が存在する（特許文献１参照）。
しかし、係る技術においても、制御サイクル毎に密度を演算する必要があるため、水素供給装置の制御機構に大きな負荷が掛かるという上述の問題を解消してはいない。 As another conventional technique, there is a technique for cooling hydrogen before entering the vehicle tank (see Patent Document 1).
However, even in such a technique, since it is necessary to calculate the density for each control cycle, the above-described problem that a heavy load is applied to the control mechanism of the hydrogen supply apparatus has not been solved.

特許第４０７１６４８号公報Japanese Patent No. 4071648

本発明は上述した従来技術の問題点に鑑みて提案されたものであり、制御機構に大きな負荷が掛かけることなく、水素充填中に充填率１００％に到達した場合に水素充填を確実に停止することが出来る水素充填装置及び充填方法の提供を目的としている。 The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and reliably stops hydrogen filling when the filling rate reaches 100% during hydrogen filling without imposing a heavy load on the control mechanism. An object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen filling apparatus and a filling method that can be performed.

発明者は、充填率１００％となった際の圧力と、その時点における温度の間には、相関関係があることに着目した。
本発明は係る知見に基づいて創作された。 The inventor paid attention to the fact that there is a correlation between the pressure when the filling rate becomes 100% and the temperature at that time.
The present invention was created based on such knowledge.

本発明によれば、水素供給源（１）と車両（２０）のタンク（２１）に水素を充填するための充填ホース（２）と該充填ホース（２）に接続された充填ノズル（３）を有する水素充填装置において、前記水素供給源（１）に充填される水素ガスの温度を低下させるための冷却装置（６）に接続され、該冷却装置（６）は水素供給管（５）を介して水素充填を中止する水素充填中止機構（４）に接続され、該水素充填中止機構（４）に前記充填ホース（２）が接続されており、前記冷却装置（６）の下流側の水素供給管（５）には水素供給配管温度計測装置（８）と水素供給配管圧力計測装置（９）が設けられ、他方車両（２０）のタンク（２１）には車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）と車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）とが設けられ、前記水素供給配管温度計測装置（８）および前記水素供給配管圧力計測装置（９）に接続された制御装置（１０）を設け、該制御装置（１０）には通信装置（２５）を介して前記車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）および前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）とが接続されており、これらの車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）および車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）からのデータは所定のサイクル毎に制御装置（１０）に送信され、前記制御装置（１０）は前記水素供給配管温度計測装置（８）と前記水素供給配管圧力計測装置（９）と前記車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）と前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）からの信号で前記冷却装置（６）および前記水素充填中止機構（４）を制御するものであり、該制御装置（１０）は、充填率が１００％となる圧力のしきい値と車両タンク内温度との特性およびタンク内温度作動限界（θ）が記憶されている記憶装置（１４）と、前記車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）からの計測信号と記憶装置（１４）における前記特性に基づいて充填率が１００％となる圧力のしきい値を決定する圧力しきい値決定ブロック（１１）と、前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）からの計測信号と前記圧力しきい値決定ブロック（１１）で決定された前記しきい値とを比較する充填圧力比較ブロック（１２）と、前記充填圧力比較ブロック（１２）における比較結果を受信し且つ前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）で計測された車両タンク（２１）内圧力と充填終了圧力とを比較する終了圧力比較ブロック（１３）とを備え、そして制御装置（１０）は各制御サイクル毎に前記通信装置（２５）を介して取得した車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）と車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）の計測信号を受信したか否かを判断し（Ｓ４）、受信していれば車両タンク内の温度データを取得し（Ｓ５）、取得した車両タンク内温度データに対応する充填率１００％となる圧力を算出し（Ｓ６）、当該制御サイクルにおける車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）からの車両タンク内の圧力を取得し（Ｓ７）、前記取得した車両タンク内の圧力と前記充填率１００％となる圧力のしきい値とを比較し（Ｓ８）、車両タンク内の圧力が充填率１００％となる圧力のしきい値以上であれば水素充填中に異常ありと判断し（Ｓ９）、車両タンク内の圧力が充填率１００％となる圧力のしきい値以下の場合では車両タンク内の圧力と記憶装置（１４）から取込んだ充填終了圧力と比較し（Ｓ１１）、車両タンク内の圧力が該充填終了圧力以上となった場合は水素充填が正常に終了と判断し（Ｓ１２）、車両タンク内の圧力が充填終了圧力に達しない場合は前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）の計測結果を受信したか否かの判断（Ｓ４）に戻り、水素充填を継続する機能を有している。 According to the present invention, a hydrogen supply source (1), a filling hose (2) for filling hydrogen into a tank (21) of a vehicle (20), and a filling nozzle (3) connected to the filling hose (2). Is connected to a cooling device (6) for lowering the temperature of the hydrogen gas charged in the hydrogen supply source (1), and the cooling device (6) connects the hydrogen supply pipe (5). To the hydrogen filling stop mechanism (4) for stopping the hydrogen filling, the charging hose (2) is connected to the hydrogen filling stopping mechanism (4), and the hydrogen on the downstream side of the cooling device (6) The supply pipe (5) is provided with a hydrogen supply pipe temperature measurement device (8) and a hydrogen supply pipe pressure measurement device (9), while the tank (21) of the vehicle (20) is provided with a vehicle tank temperature measurement device (23). ) And a vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24) A hydrogen supply pipe temperature measurement device (8) and a control device (10) connected to the hydrogen supply pipe pressure measurement device (9) are provided, and the control device (10) is connected to the vehicle via a communication device (25). The tank internal temperature measuring device (23) and the vehicle tank internal pressure measuring device (24) are connected, and data from the vehicle internal tank temperature measuring device (23) and the vehicle internal tank pressure measuring device (24) are connected. Is transmitted to the control device (10) every predetermined cycle, and the control device (10) measures the hydrogen supply pipe temperature measurement device (8), the hydrogen supply pipe pressure measurement device (9), and the vehicle tank temperature measurement. The cooling device (6) and the hydrogen filling stop mechanism (4) are controlled by signals from the device (23) and the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24). The control device (10) A storage device (14) in which the characteristics of the threshold value of the pressure at which the rate is 100% and the temperature in the vehicle tank and the tank temperature operation limit (θ) are stored, and the vehicle tank temperature measurement device (23) A pressure threshold value determining block (11) for determining a pressure threshold value at which the filling rate becomes 100% based on the measurement signal from the storage device and the characteristic in the storage device (14), and the vehicle tank pressure measuring device ( 24) a filling pressure comparison block (12) for comparing the measurement signal from 24) with the threshold value determined in the pressure threshold value determination block (11), and a comparison result in the filling pressure comparison block (12). An end pressure comparison block (13) for comparing the pressure in the vehicle tank (21) received and measured by the vehicle tank internal pressure measuring device (24) with the filling end pressure; (10) determines whether or not the measurement signals of the vehicle tank temperature measuring device (23) and the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24) acquired via the communication device (25) are received for each control cycle. If it is received (S4), the temperature data in the vehicle tank is acquired (S5), the pressure at which the filling rate corresponding to the acquired vehicle tank temperature data is 100% is calculated (S6), and the control cycle The pressure in the vehicle tank from the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24) is acquired (S7), and the acquired pressure in the vehicle tank is compared with the threshold value of the pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (S7). S8) If the pressure in the vehicle tank is equal to or higher than the pressure threshold value at which the filling rate is 100%, it is determined that there is an abnormality during hydrogen filling (S9), and the pressure in the vehicle tank at which the filling rate is 100%. Below the threshold of In this case, the pressure in the vehicle tank is compared with the filling end pressure taken from the storage device (14) (S11), and if the pressure in the vehicle tank becomes equal to or higher than the filling end pressure, the hydrogen filling is normally completed. If the pressure in the vehicle tank does not reach the filling end pressure (S12), the process returns to the determination (S4) as to whether or not the measurement result of the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24) has been received, and hydrogen filling is performed. Has the ability to continue.

上述の構成を具備する本発明によれば、充填中の各瞬間あるいは各制御サイクル（例えば、１００ｍｓｅｃ毎に行われる制御サイクル）において、車両タンク（２１）の温度を計測し、その温度に対応する「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を求め、その瞬間あるいは制御サイクルにおける車両タンク内圧力と、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」とを比較し、車両タンク内圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」以下である場合に、水素の充填を行なっている。そして本発明によれば、車両タンク内圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を超えた場合には、直ちに充填を中止している。
そのため本発明によれば、水素の充填中、安全な水素充填を行うことが出来る領域（図１の特性βよりも下方の領域で、且つ、タンク内温度作動限界θよりも右側の領域）を外れてしまうことはない。 According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, the temperature of the vehicle tank (21) is measured at each instant during filling or at each control cycle (for example, a control cycle performed every 100 msec) and corresponds to the temperature. Find “pressure at which filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” and compare the pressure in the vehicle tank at that moment or in the control cycle with “pressure at which filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” When the pressure in the vehicle tank is equal to or less than “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold value)”, hydrogen filling is performed. According to the present invention, when the pressure in the vehicle tank exceeds “the pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)”, the filling is immediately stopped.
Therefore, according to the present invention, a region in which safe hydrogen filling can be performed during hydrogen filling (a region below the characteristic β in FIG. 1 and a right side from the temperature operating limit θ in the tank) is performed. It will not come off.

本発明において、車両タンク内圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」以下の状態を保持したまま、充填終了圧力（終了圧力）に到達したならば、水素充填が正常に終了したと判断して、水素充填終了に必要な所定の処理を行うことが出来る。
すなわち本発明によれば、水素の充填中、安全な水素充填を行うことが出来る領域（図１の特性βよりも下方の領域で、且つ、タンク内温度作動限界θよりも右側の領域）を外れてしまうことがなく、水素充填を安全に終了させることが出来る。 In the present invention, if the pressure in the vehicle tank reaches a filling end pressure (end pressure) while maintaining a state where the pressure in the vehicle tank is equal to or less than “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)”, hydrogen filling is normal. Therefore, it is possible to perform predetermined processing necessary for the completion of hydrogen filling.
That is, according to the present invention, the region in which safe hydrogen filling can be performed during the filling of hydrogen (the region below the characteristic β in FIG. 1 and the right side of the temperature operating limit θ in the tank) is performed. The hydrogen filling can be safely terminated without losing.

ここで、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」は、制御サイクル毎に、車両タンク内温度の計測結果より、予め決定された特性（例えば、図１の特性β：車両タンク内温度−「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」特性）、テーブル（車両タンク内温度と「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」との関係を表示するテーブル、表）、数式（車両タンク内温度と「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」との関係を表示する数式）を用いて、容易に演算、決定することが出来る。
そして、制御サイクル毎に決定された「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」と車両タンク内圧力とを比較すれば、その制御サイクルにおいて水素充填を続行するか否かを判断することが出来る。
そのため本発明によれば、従来技術における密度演算のような複雑を演算を行う必要が無く、制御装置（１０）に多大な負担を掛けてしまう情報処理は行なわれず、その結果、水素充填の制御や設備に悪影響を及ぼしてしまうこともない。 Here, “the pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)” is a characteristic (for example, characteristic β: vehicle in FIG. 1) determined in advance from the measurement result of the vehicle tank temperature for each control cycle. Tank temperature-"pressure (pressure threshold) characteristic at which filling rate is 100%" and table (vehicle tank temperature and "pressure at which filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)" Tables and tables to be displayed, and mathematical formulas (mathematical formulas that display the relationship between the temperature in the vehicle tank and “pressure at which filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)”) can be easily calculated and determined. I can do it.
Then, by comparing the “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)” determined for each control cycle with the pressure in the vehicle tank, it is determined whether or not to continue hydrogen filling in that control cycle. I can do it.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to perform a complicated calculation like the density calculation in the prior art, and information processing that places a great burden on the control device (10) is not performed. And will not adversely affect equipment.

本発明の作動原理を説明する温度−圧力特性図である。It is a temperature-pressure characteristic view explaining the operation principle of the present invention. 本発明の第１実施形態を示すブロック図である。1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention. 第１実施形態で用いられる制御装置を示す機能ブロック図である。It is a functional block diagram which shows the control apparatus used by 1st Embodiment. 第１実施形態における水素充填の制御フローチャートである。It is a control flowchart of the hydrogen filling in 1st Embodiment. 燃料電池自動車に水素を充填する状態を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the state which fills a fuel cell vehicle with hydrogen.

以下、添付図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態について説明する。
最初に図１を参照して、図示の実施形態における作動原理を説明する。
図１は「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）−温度特性」を示している。
図１において、横軸は車両タンク内温度、縦軸は圧力を示している。上述した様に、充填率１００％（燃料タンク内の圧力７０ＭＰａ、温度１５℃の密度が４０．２ｇ／Ｌ）となる圧力と車両タンク内温度との間には相関関係があり、当該相関関係は図１では特性βとして示されている。
図１において、符号θは、車両タンク内温度の許容限界値であるタンク内温度作動限界（図１では符号θで示す：例えば８５℃）を示している。
図１において、特性βよりも下方の領域であり、且つ、タンク内温度作動限界θ（例えば８５℃）よりも左側の領域（図１において、ラインマーカーの点線で囲った領域α）の範囲内であれば、安全に水素を充填することが出来る。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, the operation principle in the illustrated embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 shows “pressure (pressure threshold value) -temperature characteristic at which the filling rate becomes 100%”.
In FIG. 1, the horizontal axis indicates the temperature inside the vehicle tank, and the vertical axis indicates the pressure. As described above, there is a correlation between the pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure in the fuel tank is 70 MPa, density at a temperature of 15 ° C. is 40.2 g / L) and the temperature in the vehicle tank, and the correlation Is shown as characteristic β in FIG.
In FIG. 1, the symbol θ indicates an in-tank temperature operation limit (indicated by the symbol θ in FIG. 1: for example, 85 ° C.) that is an allowable limit value of the vehicle tank temperature.
In FIG. 1, it is a region below the characteristic β and within a region on the left side of the tank temperature operation limit θ (for example, 85 ° C.) (region α surrounded by the dotted line of the line marker in FIG. 1). If so, it can be safely filled with hydrogen.

図１における特性δ及び特性εは、水素充填特性の例示である。
特性δで示す水素充填においては、充填中、特性βよりも下方の領域で且つタンク内温度作動限界θよりも左側の領域を外れてしまうことはなく、特性βで示す充填率１００％に対応する圧力まで到達して、終了する。すなわち特性δで示す水素充填により、安全な水素充填が行われる。
一方、特性εで示す水素充填では、符号εεで示す領域において、圧力が特性線βを超過している。すなわち、特性εで示す水素充填では、領域εεに入った時点で充填率１００％に対応する圧力を越えてしまっており、領域εεに入った時点で充填率１００％を超過しているので、水素充填が中止されている。 Characteristic δ and characteristic ε in FIG. 1 are examples of hydrogen filling characteristics.
The hydrogen filling indicated by the characteristic δ does not deviate from the area below the characteristic β and the left side of the temperature operating limit θ in the tank during filling, and corresponds to a filling rate of 100% indicated by the characteristic β. To reach the pressure to finish. That is, safe hydrogen filling is performed by hydrogen filling indicated by the characteristic δ.
On the other hand, in the hydrogen filling indicated by the characteristic ε, the pressure exceeds the characteristic line β in the region indicated by the sign εε. That is, in the hydrogen filling indicated by the characteristic ε, the pressure corresponding to the filling rate of 100% is exceeded when the region εε is entered, and the filling rate exceeds 100% when the region εε is entered. Hydrogen filling has been stopped.

水素充填において、充填中の各瞬間あるいは各制御サイクル（例えば、１００ｍｓｅｃ毎の制御サイクル）において、車両タンク内の温度が計測されていれば、その計測結果と図１の特性βから、当該瞬間あるいは制御サイクルにおける「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を求めることが出来る。
ここで、特性β（温度−圧力のしきい値特性）のみならず、車両タンク内温度の計測結果と「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」の関係（特性）を示すテーブル（図示せず）や数式から、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を求めることが可能である。
なお、温度と「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」との特性βは例示であり、図１の特性線に限定されるものではない。同様に、温度と「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」との関連を示すテーブル（図示せず）や数式も、種々の条件によりケース・バイ・ケースに決定されるべきである。 In hydrogen filling, if the temperature in the vehicle tank is measured at each moment during filling or at each control cycle (for example, control cycle every 100 msec), from the measurement result and the characteristic β in FIG. The “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (the threshold value of pressure)” in the control cycle can be obtained.
Here, not only the characteristic β (temperature-pressure threshold characteristic) but also the relationship (characteristic) between the measurement result of the temperature in the vehicle tank and “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)” is shown. From a table (not shown) or a mathematical expression, it is possible to obtain “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)”.
The characteristic β between the temperature and “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” is an example, and is not limited to the characteristic line in FIG. Similarly, tables (not shown) and mathematical expressions showing the relationship between temperature and “pressure at which filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” should be determined on a case-by-case basis according to various conditions. It is.

「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を求めたならば、次にその瞬間あるいは制御サイクルにおける車両タンク内圧力と、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」とを比較する。
その結果、車両タンク内圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」以下であれば、特性δで示す水素充填と同様に、安全な範囲内で充填がされていると判断される。従って、さらに水素充填を継続することが出来る。
一方、車両タンク内圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を超えた場合（例えば、特性εで示す領域εεに入った場合）、安全に水素充填を出来る領域から外れたと判断して、充填を中止する。 Once the "pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)" is obtained, the vehicle tank pressure at that moment or in the control cycle and the "pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold) ) ".
As a result, if the pressure in the vehicle tank is equal to or less than “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold value)”, the filling is performed within a safe range, similar to the hydrogen filling indicated by the characteristic δ. To be judged. Therefore, further hydrogen filling can be continued.
On the other hand, when the pressure in the vehicle tank exceeds “the pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)” (for example, when the vehicle enters the region εε indicated by the characteristic ε), the vehicle tank can be safely filled with hydrogen. Judging that it has come off, the filling is stopped.

図１を参照して上述した様に、図示の実施形態における制御では、制御サイクル毎に、当該制御サイクルにおける車両タンク内温度に対応する「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を決定し、当該制御サイクルにおける車両タンク内圧力と「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を比較し、車両タンク内圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」以下であれば充填を続行し、車両タンク内圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を越えていれば充填を中止するようにしている。
これにより、領域α（安全に水素が充填できる領域）内でのみ、水素充填を行うことが可能になる。
ここで、上述した水素充填における制御では、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」は、充填中（制御サイクル毎に）、常に変動する。図示の実施形態では、当該変動するしきい値と、車両タンク内圧力とを比較して、充填を続けるべきであるか中止するべきであるかを判断する。 As described above with reference to FIG. 1, in the control in the illustrated embodiment, for each control cycle, “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold) corresponding to the temperature in the vehicle tank in the control cycle. And the pressure in the vehicle tank in the control cycle is compared with the “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)”. If the vehicle tank pressure exceeds the “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold value)”, the filling is stopped.
This makes it possible to perform hydrogen filling only in the region α (region where hydrogen can be safely filled).
Here, in the control in the hydrogen filling described above, the “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)” constantly fluctuates during filling (for each control cycle). In the illustrated embodiment, the fluctuating threshold value is compared with the vehicle tank pressure to determine whether to continue or stop filling.

次に図２〜図４を参照して、本発明の第１実施形態について説明する。
図２は、本発明の第１実施形態の概要を示している。
図２において全体を符号１００で示す水素充填装置は、水素供給源１(水素タンク)、充填ホース２（水素充填ホース）、充填ノズル３（水素充填ノズル）、水素充填中止機構４（例えば、開閉弁）、制御装置１０、表示装置７を有している。水素供給源１と充填ホース２とは水素供給配管５により連結されている。 Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 2 shows an overview of the first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 2, a hydrogen filling apparatus generally indicated by reference numeral 100 includes a hydrogen supply source 1 (hydrogen tank), a filling hose 2 (hydrogen filling hose), a filling nozzle 3 (hydrogen filling nozzle), and a hydrogen filling stop mechanism 4 (for example, opening and closing). Valve), a control device 10, and a display device 7. The hydrogen supply source 1 and the filling hose 2 are connected by a hydrogen supply pipe 5.

図２の水素充填装置１００は、水素充填が正常に終了した際の終了処置を実行するための水素充填終了機構（３５：図３参照）を有しているが、当該水素充填終了機構は、図２では示されていない。
制御装置１０と水素充填中止機構４とは、制御信号ラインＳｏ１で接続され、制御装置１０と表示装置７とは制御信号ラインＳｏ２で接続される。
図２において、符号６は、水素供給配管５に設けた適用可能な公知の冷却装置を示し、制御装置１０と制御信号ラインＳｏ３で接続される。冷却装置６は、車両タンク２１が充填される際に、充填される水素ガスの温度を低下する機能を有している。 The hydrogen filling apparatus 100 in FIG. 2 has a hydrogen filling end mechanism (35: refer to FIG. 3) for executing a termination process when the hydrogen filling is normally terminated. It is not shown in FIG.
The control device 10 and the hydrogen filling stop mechanism 4 are connected by a control signal line So1, and the control device 10 and the display device 7 are connected by a control signal line So2.
In FIG. 2, the code | symbol 6 shows the well-known cooling device applicable to the hydrogen supply piping 5, and is connected with the control apparatus 10 by control signal line So3. The cooling device 6 has a function of lowering the temperature of the hydrogen gas to be filled when the vehicle tank 21 is filled.

図２において、全体を符号２０で示す車両には、水素充填装置１００から供給された水素を貯蔵する車両タンク２１、車両タンク内温度計測装置（車両タンク内温度センサ）２３及び車両タンク内圧力計測装置（車両タンク内圧力センサ）２４が設けられている。
車両タンク内温度計測装置２３は、車両タンク２１内の温度を計測し、入力信号ラインＳｉ１及び通信装置２５を介して、水素充填装置１００の制御装置１０に伝送する。
車両タンク内圧力計測装置２４は、車両タンク２１内の圧力を計測し、入力信号ラインＳｉ２及び通信装置２５を介して、水素充填装置１００の制御装置１０に伝送する。
車両２０には車両タンク２１用のコネクタ２２が設けられており、コネクタ２２は水素充填装置１００の充填ノズル３と連結される。 In FIG. 2, the vehicle generally designated by reference numeral 20 includes a vehicle tank 21 that stores hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen filling device 100, a vehicle tank temperature measuring device (vehicle tank temperature sensor) 23, and a vehicle tank pressure measurement. A device (vehicle tank pressure sensor) 24 is provided.
The vehicle tank temperature measuring device 23 measures the temperature in the vehicle tank 21 and transmits it to the control device 10 of the hydrogen filling device 100 via the input signal line Si1 and the communication device 25.
The vehicle tank pressure measuring device 24 measures the pressure in the vehicle tank 21 and transmits it to the control device 10 of the hydrogen filling device 100 via the input signal line Si2 and the communication device 25.
The vehicle 20 is provided with a connector 22 for a vehicle tank 21, and the connector 22 is connected to the filling nozzle 3 of the hydrogen filling apparatus 100.

図２〜図４の第１実施形態では、車両側の各種パラメータを外部（図示の実施形態では水素充填装置１００の制御装置１０）に伝送する車両通信機能を備えている。通信装置２５は車両通信機能を実行するための部材であり、水素充填装置１００と車両側との情報伝達を担っている。
換言すれば、車両通信機能により、車両タンク内温度計測装置２３及び車両タンク内圧力計測装置２４の計測結果が、水素充填装置１００の制御装置１０に直接入力される。そのため、水素充填装置１００の制御装置１０は、車両タンク２１内の温度データ、圧力データを直接取得することができる。 2 to 4 includes a vehicle communication function for transmitting various parameters on the vehicle side to the outside (the control device 10 of the hydrogen filling device 100 in the illustrated embodiment). The communication device 25 is a member for executing a vehicle communication function, and is responsible for information transmission between the hydrogen filling device 100 and the vehicle side.
In other words, the measurement results of the vehicle tank temperature measurement device 23 and the vehicle tank pressure measurement device 24 are directly input to the control device 10 of the hydrogen filling device 100 by the vehicle communication function. Therefore, the control device 10 of the hydrogen filling device 100 can directly acquire temperature data and pressure data in the vehicle tank 21.

水素供給源１に貯蔵されている水素は、水素供給配管５により、水素充填中止機構４、充填ホース２を流過し、充填ノズル３、車両側コネクタ２２を介して、車両タンク２１内に供給される。
車両タンク２１へ水素充填（供給）を行う際に、制御装置１０は、水素充填中止機構４の作動を制御し、安全で適切な水素充填を行う機能を奏する（図３、図４）。
水素充填中止機構は、「開」の状態で水素充填を継続し、「閉」の状態で水素充填を中止する機能を有している。
表示装置７は、各種パラメータを表示する機能を有しており、例えば、車両タンク内の温度、圧力データ、充填の継続・中止の判断結果、等を表示する。 Hydrogen stored in the hydrogen supply source 1 flows through the hydrogen filling stop mechanism 4 and the filling hose 2 through the hydrogen supply pipe 5 and is supplied into the vehicle tank 21 through the filling nozzle 3 and the vehicle-side connector 22. Is done.
When performing hydrogen filling (supply) to the vehicle tank 21, the control device 10 controls the operation of the hydrogen filling stop mechanism 4 and has a function of performing safe and appropriate hydrogen filling (FIGS. 3 and 4).
The hydrogen filling stop mechanism has a function of continuing the hydrogen filling in the “open” state and stopping the hydrogen filling in the “closed” state.
The display device 7 has a function of displaying various parameters, and displays, for example, temperature in the vehicle tank, pressure data, determination result of continuation / stop of filling, and the like.

図２において、水素充填装置１００の水素供給配管５には、水素供給配管温度計測装置８（供給配管温度センサ）と、水素供給配管圧力計測装置９（供給配管圧力センサ）を介装している。そして、水素供給配管温度計測装置８は供給配管５内の温度を計測し、その計測結果を入力信号ラインＳｉ２８により制御装置１０に伝送する。
水素供給配管圧力計測装置９は供給配管５内の圧力を計測し、その計測結果を入力信号ラインＳｉ２９により制御装置１０に伝送する。 In FIG. 2, a hydrogen supply pipe temperature measurement device 8 (supply pipe temperature sensor) and a hydrogen supply pipe pressure measurement device 9 (supply pipe pressure sensor) are interposed in the hydrogen supply pipe 5 of the hydrogen filling device 100. . The hydrogen supply pipe temperature measuring device 8 measures the temperature in the supply pipe 5 and transmits the measurement result to the control device 10 through the input signal line Si28.
The hydrogen supply pipe pressure measuring device 9 measures the pressure in the supply pipe 5 and transmits the measurement result to the control device 10 through the input signal line Si29.

水素供給配管温度計測装置８、水素供給配管圧力計測装置９、入力信号ラインＳｉ２８、Ｓｉ２９は、水素充填装置１００における水素供給配管５の温度、圧力から、車両タンク内温度及び車両タンク内圧力の推定値を求め、当該推定値に基づいて制御を行うために設けられている。
すなわち、予め（車両２０に水素を充填する以前の段階で）、水素充填装置１００の水素供給配管５の温度と車両タンク内温度との関係（特性）と、水素充填装置１００の水素供給配管５の圧力と車両タンク内圧力との関係（特性）を、特性線、テーブル、数式等で決定する。
そして、当該予め決定された関係に基づいて、水素充填装置１００の水素供給配管５の温度から車両タンク２１内の温度を決定（推定）し、水素充填装置１００の水素供給配管５の圧力から車両タンク２１内の圧力を決定（推定）する。
そして、決定（或いは推定）されたタンク内温度から、図１の特性β、テーブル（図示せず）或いは特性を用いて「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を決定する。そして当該圧力しきい値と決定（推定）されたタンク内圧力を比較して、そのサイクルにおける水素充填は、安全に水素充填が出来る状態で行なわれているか否かを判断できる。
例えば、水素充填装置１００側の車両通信機能及び／又は車両２０側の車両通信機能が故障した場合や、車両通信機能がない車両に水素充填を行う場合には、制御装置１０が車両タンク２１内の温度データ、圧力データを取得することが出来ない。そのような場合には、水素供給配管温度計測装置８、水素供給配管圧力計測装置９で計測した水素供給配管５の温度、圧力から、車両タンク内温度及び車両タンク内圧力の推定値を求め、当該推定値に基づいて制御を行なう。
なお、水素供給配管温度計測装置８、水素供給配管圧力計測装置９、入力信号ラインＳｉ２８、Ｓｉ２９は省略することが可能である。 The hydrogen supply pipe temperature measuring device 8, the hydrogen supply pipe pressure measuring device 9, and the input signal lines Si28 and Si29 are used to estimate the vehicle tank internal temperature and the vehicle tank internal pressure from the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen supply pipe 5 in the hydrogen filling device 100. It is provided to obtain a value and perform control based on the estimated value.
That is, the relationship (characteristic) between the temperature of the hydrogen supply pipe 5 of the hydrogen filling apparatus 100 and the temperature in the vehicle tank and the hydrogen supply pipe 5 of the hydrogen filling apparatus 100 in advance (before the vehicle 20 is filled with hydrogen). The relationship (characteristic) between the pressure in the vehicle and the pressure in the vehicle tank is determined by a characteristic line, a table, a mathematical expression, or the like.
Then, based on the predetermined relationship, the temperature in the vehicle tank 21 is determined (estimated) from the temperature of the hydrogen supply pipe 5 of the hydrogen filling apparatus 100, and the vehicle is determined from the pressure of the hydrogen supply pipe 5 of the hydrogen filling apparatus 100. The pressure in the tank 21 is determined (estimated).
Then, from the determined (or estimated) temperature in the tank, using the characteristic β, table (not shown) or characteristic shown in FIG. . Then, by comparing the pressure threshold value with the determined (estimated) pressure in the tank, it can be determined whether or not hydrogen filling in the cycle is performed in a state in which hydrogen filling can be performed safely.
For example, when the vehicle communication function on the hydrogen filling device 100 side and / or the vehicle communication function on the vehicle 20 side breaks down, or when hydrogen filling is performed on a vehicle without the vehicle communication function, the control device 10 is in the vehicle tank 21. Temperature data and pressure data cannot be obtained. In such a case, from the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen supply pipe 5 measured by the hydrogen supply pipe temperature measuring device 8 and the hydrogen supply pipe pressure measuring device 9, the estimated values of the vehicle tank temperature and the vehicle tank pressure are obtained, Control is performed based on the estimated value.
The hydrogen supply pipe temperature measuring device 8, the hydrogen supply pipe pressure measuring device 9, and the input signal lines Si28 and Si29 can be omitted.

図３を参照して、制御装置１０を説明する。
図３において全体を符号１０で示す制御装置は、圧力しきい値決定ブロック１１、充填圧力比較ブロック１２、終了圧力比較ブロック１３、記憶装置１４、入力側インターフェイス１５及び出力側インターフェイス１６を備えている。
図３は機能ブロック図であり、制御装置１０は例えばＰＣ等で構成されている。そして、制御装置１０内は各ブロック毎に物理的に仕切られていても良いし、物理的な仕切りが存在しない状態であっても良い。 The control device 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
3 includes a pressure threshold value determination block 11, a filling pressure comparison block 12, an end pressure comparison block 13, a storage device 14, an input side interface 15 and an output side interface 16. .
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram, and the control device 10 is configured by a PC, for example. And the inside of the control apparatus 10 may be physically partitioned for each block, or may be in a state where there is no physical partition.

記憶装置１４には、特性β、すなわち「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」と車両タンク内温度との特性が記憶されている。また、記憶装置１４には、タンク内温度作動限界θ（例えば８５℃）が記憶されている。
また記憶装置１４には、水素充填が正常に終了したか否かを判断するための充填終了圧力（終了圧力）が記憶されている。
なお、上記の特性βに代えて、温度と「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」との関係（特性）を示すテーブル（図示せず）あるいは数式を、記憶装置１４に記憶させることも可能である。 The storage device 14 stores a characteristic β, that is, a characteristic of “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)” and the temperature in the vehicle tank. The storage device 14 stores an in-tank temperature operation limit θ (for example, 85 ° C.).
Further, the storage device 14 stores a filling end pressure (end pressure) for determining whether or not the hydrogen filling is normally finished.
Instead of the above characteristic β, a table (not shown) or a mathematical expression showing the relationship (characteristic) between the temperature and “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)” is stored in the storage device 14. It is also possible to memorize.

車両タンク内温度計測装置２３（車両タンク内温度センサ）と車両タンク内圧力計測装置２４（車両タンク内圧力センサ）からの計測信号は、それぞれ信号ラインＳｉ１と、Ｓｉ２と入力側インターフェイス１５を介して、制御装置１０に送信される。
制御装置１０に入力された車両タンク内温度計測装置２３の計測結果は、圧力しきい値決定ブロック１１に送信される。
圧力しきい値決定ブロック１１では、車両タンク２１内の温度の計測結果と、記憶装置１４から取り込んだ特性βに基づいて、車両タンク内温度計測装置２３の計測結果を取り込んだ制御サイクルにおける「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を決定し、その結果を充填圧力比較ブロック１２に送信する機能を有する。 The measurement signals from the vehicle tank temperature measuring device 23 (vehicle tank temperature sensor) and the vehicle tank pressure measuring device 24 (vehicle tank pressure sensor) are respectively transmitted via the signal lines Si1, Si2, and the input side interface 15. Is transmitted to the control device 10.
The measurement result of the vehicle tank temperature measurement device 23 input to the control device 10 is transmitted to the pressure threshold value determination block 11.
In the pressure threshold value determination block 11, based on the measurement result of the temperature in the vehicle tank 21 and the characteristic β fetched from the storage device 14, “filling” in the control cycle in which the measurement result of the vehicle tank temperature measurement device 23 is fetched. It has a function of determining a pressure (pressure threshold) at which the rate becomes 100% and transmitting the result to the filling pressure comparison block 12.

制御装置１０に入力された車両タンク内圧力計測装置（車両タンク内圧力センサ）２４の計測結果は、充填圧力比較ブロック１２及び終了圧力比較ブロック１３に送信される。
充填圧力比較ブロック１２では、車両タンク２１内の圧力の計測結果と、圧力しきい値決定ブロック１１から送信された「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」と比較する。そして、車両タンク２１内の圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を超えた場合に、水素充填を中止する旨の制御信号を、信号ラインＳｏ１及び出力側インターフェイス１６を介して、水素充填中止機構４に送信する。
一方、車両タンク２１内の圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」以下であれば、その旨の比較結果を終了圧力比較ブロック１３に送信する。 The measurement result of the vehicle tank pressure measurement device (vehicle tank pressure sensor) 24 input to the control device 10 is transmitted to the filling pressure comparison block 12 and the end pressure comparison block 13.
The filling pressure comparison block 12 compares the measurement result of the pressure in the vehicle tank 21 with the “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” transmitted from the pressure threshold determination block 11. Then, when the pressure in the vehicle tank 21 exceeds “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)”, a control signal for stopping the hydrogen filling is sent to the signal line So1 and the output side interface 16. To the hydrogen filling stop mechanism 4.
On the other hand, if the pressure in the vehicle tank 21 is equal to or less than “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)”, a comparison result to that effect is transmitted to the end pressure comparison block 13.

終了圧力比較ブロック１３では、充填圧力比較ブロック１２における「車両タンク２１内の圧力が充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）以下である」旨の比較結果を受信する。それと共に、車両タンク２１内の圧力の計測結果を受信して、記憶装置１４から取込んだ充填終了圧力（終了圧力）と比較する。
そして、当該比較結果に基づき、車両タンク２１内の圧力が充填終了圧力（終了圧力）に達した場合に、水素充填を終了する旨の制御信号を、信号ラインＳｏ４及び出力側インターフェイス１６を介して、水素充填終了機構３５に発信する。 The end pressure comparison block 13 receives the comparison result in the filling pressure comparison block 12 that “the pressure in the vehicle tank 21 is equal to or lower than the pressure (pressure threshold value) at which the filling rate is 100%”. At the same time, the measurement result of the pressure in the vehicle tank 21 is received and compared with the filling end pressure (end pressure) taken from the storage device 14.
Then, based on the comparison result, when the pressure in the vehicle tank 21 reaches the filling end pressure (end pressure), a control signal to end the hydrogen filling is sent via the signal line So4 and the output side interface 16. Then, it transmits to the hydrogen filling end mechanism 35.

次に主として図４を参照して、図１、図３をも参照しつつ、第１実施形態における水素充填の制御を説明する。
図４のステップＳ１では、水素充填装置１００側の充填ノズル（水素充填ノズル）３を車両側の車両タンクのコネクタ２２に接続させ、水素供給源１から車両タンク２１に水素ガスの充填（供給）が可能な状態にする。その際に、車両通信を成立させて、車両タンク２１に関するデータ（例えば、温度データや圧力データ）を取得する。そしてステップＳ２に進む。
なお、車両通信により通信される前記車両からのデータは、所定の制御サイクル毎に（例えば、１００ｍｓｅｃ毎に）、車両２０から制御装置１０へ送信される。 Next, mainly referring to FIG. 4, the hydrogen filling control in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3.
In step S1 of FIG. 4, the filling nozzle (hydrogen filling nozzle) 3 on the hydrogen filling device 100 side is connected to the vehicle tank connector 22 on the vehicle side, and hydrogen gas is charged (supplied) from the hydrogen supply source 1 to the vehicle tank 21. Make it possible. In that case, vehicle communication is established and the data (for example, temperature data and pressure data) regarding the vehicle tank 21 are acquired. Then, the process proceeds to step S2.
Note that data from the vehicle communicated by vehicle communication is transmitted from the vehicle 20 to the control device 10 every predetermined control cycle (for example, every 100 msec).

ステップＳ２では車両タンク２１の容量、初期圧力、外気温度から昇圧率、充填停止圧力を設定し、ステップＳ３で車両タンク２１への水素充填を開始する。そしてステップＳ４に進む。
ステップＳ４では、制御装置１０は、車両通信機能により取得した車両タンク内温度計測装置２３の計測結果（車両タンク内温度）や、車両タンク内圧力計測装置２４の計測結果（車両タンク内圧力）を受信したか否かを判断する。
車両タンク内温度、車両タンク内圧力を受信していれば（ステップＳ４が「ＹＥＳ」）ステップＳ５に進む。受信していない場合には（ステップＳ４が「ＮＯ」）には、ステップＳ４が「ＮＯ」のループを繰り返す。 In step S2, the pressure increase rate and filling stop pressure are set from the capacity, initial pressure, and outside air temperature of the vehicle tank 21, and hydrogen filling into the vehicle tank 21 is started in step S3. Then, the process proceeds to step S4.
In step S4, the control device 10 displays the measurement result (vehicle tank temperature) of the vehicle tank temperature measurement device 23 acquired by the vehicle communication function and the measurement result (vehicle tank pressure) of the vehicle tank pressure measurement device 24. It is determined whether or not it has been received.
If the vehicle tank internal temperature and the vehicle tank internal pressure are received ("YES" in step S4), the process proceeds to step S5. If it has not been received (“NO” at step S4), the loop of “NO” at step S4 is repeated.

ステップＳ５では、制御装置１０は車両タンク内温度データを取得する。
続くステップＳ６では、ステップＳ５で取得した車両タンク内温度データに対応する「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を、その制御サイクルにおける圧力のしきい値として、特性βを参照して求める。
ここで、特性ベータを用いることなく、図示しないテーブルや数式から、車両タンク内温度と「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を求めてもよい。 In step S5, the control device 10 acquires vehicle tank temperature data.
In the following step S6, the characteristic β is set with the “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” corresponding to the vehicle tank temperature data acquired in step S5 as the pressure threshold in the control cycle. Seek and ask.
Here, without using the characteristic beta, the temperature in the vehicle tank and “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” may be obtained from a table or formula (not shown).

ステップＳ７では、制御装置１０が、当該制御サイクルにおける車両タンク内圧力計測装置（車両タンク内圧力センサ）２４の計測結果である車両タンク内の圧力データを取得する。
なお、ステップＳ７は、ステップＳ５の前でも、ステップＳ５とステップＳ６の間でも良い。さらに、ステップＳ５とステップＳ７を同時に行なってもよい。 In step S <b> 7, the control device 10 acquires pressure data in the vehicle tank, which is a measurement result of the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (vehicle tank pressure sensor) 24 in the control cycle.
Step S7 may be performed before step S5 or between step S5 and step S6. Furthermore, step S5 and step S7 may be performed simultaneously.

次のステップＳ８では、ステップＳ７で取得した車両タンク内の圧力（計測値）と、ステップＳ６で求めた「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」とを比較する。
「車両タンク内の圧力」が、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を超えた場合は（ステップＳ８が「ＹＥＳ」）、ステップＳ９に進む。
一方、「車両タンク内の圧力」が、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」以下の場合は（ステップＳ８が「ＮＯ」）、ステップＳ１１に進む。 In the next step S8, the pressure in the vehicle tank (measured value) acquired in step S7 is compared with the “pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” obtained in step S6.
If “the pressure in the vehicle tank” exceeds “the pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” (step S8 is “YES”), the process proceeds to step S9.
On the other hand, if “the pressure in the vehicle tank” is equal to or less than “the pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)” (step S8 is “NO”), the process proceeds to step S11.

ステップ９（「車両タンク内の圧力」が、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を超えた場合）では、車両タンクにおける水素の充填率が１００％を超えており、安全に水素充填が出来る状態ではないと判断し、「水素充填中に異常あり」と判断して、ステップＳ１０に進む。
ステップＳ１０では、車両タンクにおける水素の充填率が１００％を超えたことを受け、水素充填中止機構４を作動し（「閉」の状態にせしめ）、車両タンク２１への水素充填を中止する。それと同時に、水素充填を中止した旨の警報を、表示装置７等から出力して、制御を終了する。 In step 9 (“the pressure in the vehicle tank” exceeds “the pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (pressure threshold)”), the filling rate of hydrogen in the vehicle tank exceeds 100%, It is determined that it is not in a state where hydrogen can be safely charged, it is determined that there is an abnormality during hydrogen filling, and the process proceeds to step S10.
In step S10, in response to the hydrogen filling rate in the vehicle tank exceeding 100%, the hydrogen filling stopping mechanism 4 is operated (“closed” state) to stop filling the vehicle tank 21 with hydrogen. At the same time, an alarm indicating that hydrogen filling has been stopped is output from the display device 7 or the like, and the control is terminated.

一方、ステップＳ１１（「車両タンク内の圧力」が、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」以下の場合）では、車両タンク２１内の圧力（計測値）と、記憶装置１４から取込んだ充填終了圧力（終了圧力）と比較する。
「車両タンク内の圧力」が、「充填終了圧力（終了圧力）」以上となった場合（ステップＳ１１が「ＹＥＳ」）は、ステップＳ１２に進む。
一方、「車両タンク内の圧力」が、「充填終了圧力（終了圧力）」に達しない場合（ステップＳ１１が「ＮＯ」）は、水素充填は安全に行われているが、必要な充填は完了していない旨の判断をして、ステップＳ４に戻り、水素充填を継続する。 On the other hand, in step S11 (when “the pressure in the vehicle tank” is equal to or less than “the pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)”), the pressure in the vehicle tank 21 (measured value) and the storage device 14 is compared with the filling end pressure (end pressure) taken from 14.
When the “pressure in the vehicle tank” is equal to or higher than “filling end pressure (end pressure)” (step S11 is “YES”), the process proceeds to step S12.
On the other hand, when the “pressure in the vehicle tank” does not reach the “filling end pressure (end pressure)” (step S11 is “NO”), hydrogen filling is performed safely, but necessary filling is completed. It is determined that it has not been performed, and the process returns to step S4 to continue the hydrogen filling.

ステップＳ１２では、車両タンク２１における充填圧力が、充填終了圧力（終了圧力）に達した（以上となった）と判断し、水素充填が正常に終了したと判断して、ステップＳ１３に進む。
ステップＳ１３では、別途定められた充填終了のシーケンスに従って、車両タンク２１への水素充填を終了する。 In step S12, it is determined that the filling pressure in the vehicle tank 21 has reached (becomes) the filling end pressure (end pressure), and it is determined that the hydrogen filling has ended normally, and the process proceeds to step S13.
In step S13, the filling of hydrogen into the vehicle tank 21 is terminated according to a separately defined filling end sequence.

上述した様に、水素充填装置１００側の車両通信機能及び／又は車両２０側の車両通信機能が故障した場合や、車両通信機能がない車両に水素充填を行う場合には、制御装置１０が車両タンク２１内の温度データ、圧力データを取得することが出来ない。
その場合には、図４では示されていないが、第２実施形態で後述するのと同様に、水素供給配管温度計測装置８、水素供給配管圧力計測装置９で計測した水素供給配管５の温度、圧力から、車両タンク内温度及び車両タンク内圧力の推定値を求め、当該推定値に基づいて制御を行なう。 As described above, when the vehicle communication function on the hydrogen filling device 100 side and / or the vehicle communication function on the vehicle 20 side fails, or when the vehicle without the vehicle communication function is filled with hydrogen, the control device 10 is The temperature data and pressure data in the tank 21 cannot be acquired.
In that case, although not shown in FIG. 4, the temperature of the hydrogen supply pipe 5 measured by the hydrogen supply pipe temperature measuring device 8 and the hydrogen supply pipe pressure measuring device 9 as described later in the second embodiment. The estimated values of the vehicle tank temperature and the vehicle tank pressure are obtained from the pressure, and control is performed based on the estimated values.

図２〜図４の第１実施形態によれば、充填中の各制御サイクル（例えば、１００ｍｓｅｃ毎に行われる制御サイクル）において、車両タンク２１の温度を計測し、計測された車両タンク２４内の温度に対応する「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を当該制御サイクルにおける車両タンク内圧力のしきい値として求める。そして、車両タンク内圧力の計測結果と、「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」とを比較する。
その結果、車両タンク内圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」以下である場合には、水素充填を安全に行うことが出来る状態にあると判断して、水素の充填を続行する。一方、車両タンク内圧力が「充填率１００％となる圧力（圧力のしきい値）」を超えた場合には、水素充填を安全に行うことが出来る状態ではないと判断して、直ちに充填を中止する。
そのため第１実施形態によれば、水素の安全な充填が実行される。 According to 1st Embodiment of FIGS. 2-4, in each control cycle (for example, control cycle performed every 100 msec) during filling, the temperature of the vehicle tank 21 is measured, and the measured inside of the vehicle tank 24 is measured. The “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)” corresponding to the temperature is obtained as the threshold value of the vehicle tank pressure in the control cycle. Then, the measurement result of the pressure in the vehicle tank is compared with “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)”.
As a result, when the vehicle tank pressure is equal to or less than "filling rate of 100% and becomes pressure (pressure threshold)", it is determined that a state that can be done safely hydrogen filling, the hydrogen Continue filling. On the other hand, if the pressure in the vehicle tank exceeds the “pressure at which the filling rate becomes 100% (pressure threshold)”, it is determined that the hydrogen filling is not safe and the filling is performed immediately. Discontinue.
Therefore, according to the first embodiment, safe filling of hydrogen is performed.

図示の実施形態はあくまでも例示であり、本発明の技術的範囲を限定する趣旨の記述ではないことを付記する。
例えば、車両タンク内温度データがタンク内温度作動限界θ（例えば８５℃）よりも高温となった場合に、「異常」と判断して充填を中止する制御を実行することが可能である。
また、図示の実施形態では、コンピュータ等の情報処理装置で構成された制御装置１０、１０Ａにより自動制御がされているが、オペレータによる判断に基づいて水素充填を継続するか中止するかを判断することが可能である。 It should be noted that the illustrated embodiment is merely an example, and is not a description to limit the technical scope of the present invention.
For example, when the vehicle tank temperature data becomes higher than the tank temperature operation limit θ (for example, 85 ° C.), it is possible to execute a control that determines that the condition is “abnormal” and stops filling.
Further, in the illustrated embodiment, automatic control is performed by the control devices 10 and 10A configured by an information processing device such as a computer, but it is determined whether to continue or stop hydrogen filling based on the determination by the operator. It is possible.

１・・・水素タンク
２・・・水素充填ホース
３・・・水素充填ノズル
４・・・水素充填中止機構
５・・・水素供給配管
６・・・冷却装置
７・・・表示装置
８・・・水素供給配管温度センサ
９・・・水素供給配管圧力センサ
１０・・・制御装置
２１・・・車両タンク
２２・・・水素充填用コネクタ
２３・・・車両タンク内温度センサ
２４・・・車両タンク内圧力センサ
２５・・・通信装置
１００・・・水素充填装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hydrogen tank 2 ... Hydrogen filling hose 3 ... Hydrogen filling nozzle 4 ... Hydrogen filling stop mechanism 5 ... Hydrogen supply piping 6 ... Cooling device 7 ... Display device 8 ... Hydrogen supply pipe temperature sensor 9 ... Hydrogen supply pipe pressure sensor 10 ... Control device 21 ... Vehicle tank 22 ... Hydrogen filling connector 23 ... Vehicle tank internal temperature sensor 24 ... Vehicle tank Internal pressure sensor 25 ... communication device 100 ... hydrogen filling device

Claims (1)

水素供給源（１）と車両（２０）のタンク（２１）に水素を充填するための充填ホース（２）と該充填ホース（２）に接続された充填ノズル（３）を有する水素充填装置において、前記水素供給源（１）に充填される水素ガスの温度を低下させるための冷却装置（６）に接続され、該冷却装置（６）は水素供給管（５）を介して水素充填を中止する水素充填中止機構（４）に接続され、該水素充填中止機構（４）に前記充填ホース（２）が接続されており、前記冷却装置（６）の下流側の水素供給管（５）には水素供給配管温度計測装置（８）と水素供給配管圧力計測装置（９）が設けられ、他方車両（２０）のタンク（２１）には車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）と車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）とが設けられ、前記水素供給配管温度計測装置（８）および前記水素供給配管圧力計測装置（９）に接続された制御装置（１０）を設け、該制御装置（１０）には通信装置（２５）を介して前記車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）および前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）とが接続されており、これらの車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）および車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）からのデータは所定のサイクル毎に制御装置（１０）に送信され、前記制御装置（１０）は前記水素供給配管温度計測装置（８）と前記水素供給配管圧力計測装置（９）と前記車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）と前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）からの信号で前記冷却装置（６）および前記水素充填中止機構（４）を制御するものであり、該制御装置（１０）は、充填率が１００％となる圧力のしきい値と車両タンク内温度との特性およびタンク内温度作動限界（θ）が記憶されている記憶装置（１４）と、前記車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）からの計測信号と記憶装置（１４）における前記特性に基づいて充填率が１００％となる圧力のしきい値を決定する圧力しきい値決定ブロック（１１）と、前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）からの計測信号と前記圧力しきい値決定ブロック（１１）で決定された前記しきい値とを比較する充填圧力比較ブロック（１２）と、前記充填圧力比較ブロック（１２）における比較結果を受信し且つ前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）で計測された車両タンク（２１）内圧力と充填終了圧力とを比較する終了圧力比較ブロック（１３）とを備え、そして制御装置（１０）は各制御サイクル毎に前記通信装置（２５）を介して取得した車両タンク内温度計測装置（２３）と車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）の計測信号を受信したか否かを判断し（Ｓ４）、受信していれば車両タンク内の温度データを取得し（Ｓ５）、取得した車両タンク内温度データに対応する充填率１００％となる圧力を算出し（Ｓ６）、当該制御サイクルにおける車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）からの車両タンク内の圧力を取得し（Ｓ７）、前記取得した車両タンク内の圧力と前記充填率１００％となる圧力のしきい値とを比較し（Ｓ８）、車両タンク内の圧力が充填率１００％となる圧力のしきい値以上であれば水素充填中に異常ありと判断し（Ｓ９）、車両タンク内の圧力が充填率１００％となる圧力のしきい値以下の場合では車両タンク内の圧力と記憶装置（１４）から取込んだ充填終了圧力と比較し（Ｓ１１）、車両タンク内の圧力が該充填終了圧力以上となった場合は水素充填が正常に終了と判断し（Ｓ１２）、車両タンク内の圧力が充填終了圧力に達しない場合は前記車両タンク内圧力計測装置（２４）の計測結果を受信したか否かの判断（Ｓ４）に戻り、水素充填を継続する機能を有することを特徴とする水素充填装置。 In a hydrogen filling apparatus having a hydrogen supply source (1), a filling hose (2) for filling hydrogen into a tank (21) of a vehicle (20), and a filling nozzle (3) connected to the filling hose (2) The hydrogen supply source (1) is connected to a cooling device (6) for lowering the temperature of the hydrogen gas, and the cooling device (6) stops hydrogen filling via the hydrogen supply pipe (5). Connected to the hydrogen filling stop mechanism (4), and the filling hose (2) is connected to the hydrogen filling stop mechanism (4), and is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe (5) downstream of the cooling device (6). Is provided with a hydrogen supply pipe temperature measurement device (8) and a hydrogen supply pipe pressure measurement device (9), while the tank (21) of the vehicle (20) has a vehicle tank temperature measurement device (23) and a vehicle tank pressure. A measuring device (24), and the hydrogen supply pipe temperature A control device (10) connected to the measurement device (8) and the hydrogen supply pipe pressure measurement device (9) is provided, and the control device (10) measures the temperature in the vehicle tank via the communication device (25). The device (23) and the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24) are connected, and data from the vehicle tank temperature measuring device (23) and the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24) are stored in a predetermined cycle. Is transmitted to the control device (10) every time, and the control device (10) is configured to measure the hydrogen supply pipe temperature measurement device (8), the hydrogen supply pipe pressure measurement device (9), and the vehicle tank internal temperature measurement device (23). And the cooling device (6) and the hydrogen filling stop mechanism (4) are controlled by signals from the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24). The control device (10) has a filling rate of 100%. When A storage device (14) in which the characteristics of the pressure threshold value and the vehicle tank temperature and the tank temperature operation limit (θ) are stored, and the measurement signal from the vehicle tank temperature measurement device (23), A pressure threshold value determining block (11) for determining a pressure threshold value at which the filling rate becomes 100% based on the characteristics in the storage device (14), and measurement from the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24) A filling pressure comparison block (12) for comparing a signal with the threshold value determined in the pressure threshold value determination block (11), receiving a comparison result in the filling pressure comparison block (12), and the vehicle An end pressure comparison block (13) for comparing the internal pressure of the vehicle tank (21) measured by the in-tank pressure measuring device (24) and the filling end pressure is provided, and the control device (10) includes each control unit. It is determined whether or not the measurement signals of the vehicle tank temperature measuring device (23) and the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24) acquired via the communication device (25) are received for each cycle (S4). If so, the temperature data in the vehicle tank is acquired (S5), the pressure at which the filling rate corresponding to the acquired vehicle tank temperature data is 100% is calculated (S6), and the pressure in the vehicle tank in the control cycle is measured. The pressure in the vehicle tank from the device (24) is acquired (S7), and the acquired pressure in the vehicle tank is compared with the threshold value of the pressure at which the filling rate is 100% (S8). If the pressure of the fuel tank is equal to or higher than the pressure threshold value at which the filling rate is 100%, it is determined that there is an abnormality during hydrogen filling (S9). In case the vehicle tongue And the filling end pressure taken in from the storage device (14) (S11). If the pressure in the vehicle tank is equal to or higher than the filling end pressure, it is determined that the hydrogen filling is normally finished (S12). ) When the pressure in the vehicle tank does not reach the filling end pressure, the function returns to the determination (S4) whether or not the measurement result of the vehicle tank pressure measuring device (24) has been received, and the hydrogen filling function is continued. A hydrogen filling apparatus comprising:
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