JP2016151408A - Air conditioning system - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、空気サイクル装置を含む空気調和システムに関する。 The present invention relates to an air conditioning system including an air cycle device.
近年、地球環境問題への関心が高まり、自然環境に対するフロン系冷媒の影響が懸念されている。そのため、空気を冷媒として用いる空気サイクル装置を利用した空気調和システムが採用されるようになっている。 In recent years, interest in global environmental issues has increased, and there is concern about the influence of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants on the natural environment. Therefore, an air conditioning system using an air cycle device that uses air as a refrigerant has been adopted.
空気調和システムの空気サイクル装置では、空気は圧縮機に吸い込まれ、断熱圧縮されて温度が上昇する。圧縮機から吐出された高温空気は、熱交換器を介して冷却され、膨張機に吸い込まれる。膨張機に吸い込まれた空気は、断熱膨張を行って温度が低下し、低温空気となる。そして、室内の冷房時には、低温空気は室内に供給され、室内の暖房時には、低温空気がリヒートされて室内に供給される。 In an air cycle device of an air conditioning system, air is sucked into a compressor and adiabatically compressed to increase the temperature. The high temperature air discharged from the compressor is cooled via the heat exchanger and sucked into the expander. The air sucked into the expander undergoes adiabatic expansion, the temperature is lowered, and becomes low-temperature air. When the room is cooled, the low temperature air is supplied to the room, and when the room is heated, the low temperature air is reheated and supplied to the room.
このような空気サイクル装置では、冷却時や膨張時に、空気中の水蒸気が凝縮し、凝縮水が発生する。例えば、特許文献１に開示の空気調和システムにおいては、圧縮後に冷却させた空気中の水分を水分離器を用いて空気から除去している。 In such an air cycle device, water vapor in the air is condensed during cooling or expansion, and condensed water is generated. For example, in the air conditioning system disclosed in Patent Document 1, moisture in the air cooled after compression is removed from the air using a water separator.
ところが、特許文献１の空気調和システムでは、水分離器による水分の除去を行っているが、膨張機に吸い込まれた空気中に水蒸気が含まれている場合があり、この場合には、膨張機での膨張時に水蒸気が凝縮し、膨張機のタービンに結露が発生してタービンが損傷しやすくなる。 However, in the air conditioning system of Patent Document 1, water is removed by a water separator, but there are cases where water vapor is contained in the air sucked into the expander, and in this case, the expander During the expansion, water vapor is condensed, and condensation is generated in the turbine of the expander, which easily damages the turbine.
本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたものであって、その目的は、膨張機で結露が発生することを抑制することができる空気調和システムを提供することにある。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioning system capable of suppressing the occurrence of dew condensation in an expander.
上記問題点を解決するための空気調和システムは、空気を圧縮する圧縮機、圧縮された前記空気を熱交換させる熱交換器、及び前記熱交換器で熱交換された前記空気を膨張させる膨張機を含む空気サイクル装置と、前記膨張機で膨張した前記空気を膨張させる膨張弁と、前記圧縮機及び前記膨張機が連結された回転軸を回転させるモータと、前記膨張弁で膨張した前記空気から水分を分離する水分離装置と、前記膨張機で膨張する前の前記空気の湿度を把握するための湿度計測装置と、前記膨張機で膨張した前記空気の湿度が１００％未満となるように、前記湿度計測装置で把握した湿度に基づいて前記モータの回転数、及び前記膨張弁の開度の少なくとも一方を制御する制御装置と、を有することを要旨とする。 An air conditioning system for solving the above problems includes a compressor that compresses air, a heat exchanger that exchanges heat of the compressed air, and an expander that expands the air heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger. An air cycle device including: an expansion valve that expands the air expanded by the expander; a motor that rotates a rotary shaft to which the compressor and the expander are connected; and the air expanded by the expansion valve A water separation device for separating moisture, a humidity measuring device for grasping the humidity of the air before being expanded by the expander, and the humidity of the air expanded by the expander is less than 100%, The present invention includes a control device that controls at least one of the rotational speed of the motor and the opening of the expansion valve based on the humidity grasped by the humidity measuring device.
これによれば、空気は、圧縮機で圧縮され、熱交換器で熱交換した後、膨張機で膨張する。このとき、モータの回転数及び膨張弁の開度の少なくとも一方を制御装置で制御し、膨張機での空気の膨張量を制御して、膨張機で膨張した空気の湿度が１００％未満となるようにする。このため、空気が膨張機で膨張し、温度及び圧力が低下しても、空気に含まれる水蒸気が凝縮することが抑制され、膨張機のタービンに結露が発生することを抑制できる。 According to this, air is compressed by the compressor, heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger, and then expanded by the expander. At this time, at least one of the rotational speed of the motor and the opening degree of the expansion valve is controlled by the control device, the amount of expansion of the air in the expander is controlled, and the humidity of the air expanded by the expander becomes less than 100%. Like that. For this reason, even if air expand | swells with an expander and temperature and pressure fall, it is suppressed that the water vapor | steam contained in air is condensed, and it can suppress that dew condensation arises in the turbine of an expander.
また、空気調和システムについて、前記膨張弁と前記水分離装置は一体化されているのが好ましい。
これによれば、膨張機では空気の水蒸気が凝縮することが抑制されるため、膨張弁で空気が膨張する際に空気中の水蒸気が凝縮し、凝縮水が発生する。膨張弁に水分離装置が一体化されているため、膨張弁で発生した水分は水分離装置で速やかに空気から分離される。
In the air conditioning system, it is preferable that the expansion valve and the water separation device are integrated.
According to this, since the water vapor | steam of air is suppressed in an expander, when air expand | swells with an expansion valve, the water vapor | steam in air is condensed and condensed water generate | occur | produces. Since the water separation device is integrated with the expansion valve, the water generated in the expansion valve is quickly separated from the air by the water separation device.
本発明によれば、膨張機で結露が発生することを抑制することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of condensation in the expander.
以下、空気調和システムを具体化した一実施形態を図１〜図３にしたがって説明する。
図１又は図２に示すように、空気調和システムＳは、室内の冷房又は暖房を行う。空気調和システムＳは、圧縮機１１と、熱交換器２１と、膨張機３１と、膨張弁４１と、水分離装置５１と、を順に流路で接続して構成されている。空気調和システムＳは、圧縮機１１と、熱交換器２１と、膨張機３１を流路で順次接続してなる空気サイクル装置１２を備える。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of an air conditioning system will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, the air conditioning system S performs indoor cooling or heating. The air conditioning system S is configured by connecting a compressor 11, a heat exchanger 21, an expander 31, an expansion valve 41, and a water separation device 51 in order through a flow path. The air conditioning system S includes an air cycle device 12 in which a compressor 11, a heat exchanger 21, and an expander 31 are sequentially connected through a flow path.
空気調和システムＳは、圧縮機１１の入口に一端が接続された第１外気導入路１３を備え、第１外気導入路１３の他端は室外に開口している。空気調和システムＳでは、圧縮機１１の駆動により、空気である第１空気が第１外気導入路１３を介して圧縮機１１に吸入可能である。圧縮機１１は、モータＭの回転軸Ｍａの一端側に連結されている。圧縮機１１は、モータＭの回転に伴う回転軸Ｍａの回転によって駆動される。また、モータＭの回転軸Ｍａの他端側には膨張機３１が連結されている。圧縮機１１と膨張機３１とは共通の回転軸Ｍａによって連結されている。 The air conditioning system S includes a first outside air introduction path 13 having one end connected to the inlet of the compressor 11, and the other end of the first outside air introduction path 13 is open to the outside of the room. In the air conditioning system S, the first air, which is air, can be sucked into the compressor 11 through the first outside air introduction path 13 by driving the compressor 11. The compressor 11 is connected to one end side of the rotation shaft Ma of the motor M. The compressor 11 is driven by the rotation of the rotation shaft Ma accompanying the rotation of the motor M. An expander 31 is connected to the other end of the rotation shaft Ma of the motor M. The compressor 11 and the expander 31 are connected by a common rotating shaft Ma.
空気調和システムＳは、圧縮機１１の出口に一端が接続された第１導入路１４を備え、第１導入路１４の他端は熱交換器２１の入口に接続されている。熱交換器２１は、放熱側流路２１ａを備える。放熱側流路２１ａの入口には第１導入路１４が接続されている。そして、放熱側流路２１ａには、圧縮機１１で圧縮された後の高温の第１空気が第１導入路１４を介して導入される。 The air conditioning system S includes a first introduction path 14 having one end connected to the outlet of the compressor 11, and the other end of the first introduction path 14 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 21. The heat exchanger 21 includes a heat radiation side channel 21a. The first introduction path 14 is connected to the inlet of the heat radiation side channel 21a. And the high temperature 1st air after compressed with the compressor 11 is introduce | transduced into the thermal radiation side flow path 21a via the 1st introduction path 14. FIG.
熱交換器２１は、放熱側流路２１ａに沿って配置された吸熱側流路２１ｂを備える。空気調和システムＳは、第２外気導入路２５を備え、第２外気導入路２５の一端は吸熱側流路２１ｂの入口に接続されている。また、第２外気導入路２５の他端は室外に開口している。第２外気導入路２５は、第２空気としての室外空気を熱交換器２１の吸熱側流路２１ｂに導入可能である。そして、熱交換器２１では、放熱側流路２１ａを流れる第１空気と、吸熱側流路２１ｂを流れる第２空気との間で熱交換が行われ、第１空気は冷却される。 The heat exchanger 21 includes a heat absorption side channel 21b arranged along the heat radiation side channel 21a. The air conditioning system S includes a second outside air introduction path 25, and one end of the second outside air introduction path 25 is connected to the inlet of the heat absorption side passage 21b. The other end of the second outside air introduction path 25 opens to the outside of the room. The second outside air introduction path 25 can introduce outdoor air as the second air into the heat absorption side flow path 21 b of the heat exchanger 21. And in the heat exchanger 21, heat exchange is performed between the 1st air which flows through the thermal radiation side flow path 21a, and the 2nd air which flows through the heat absorption side flow path 21b, and 1st air is cooled.
空気調和システムＳは、放熱側流路２１ａの出口に一端が接続された第２導入路１５を備え、第２導入路１５の他端は膨張機３１の入口に接続されている。熱交換器２１で第２空気と熱交換された第１空気は、第２導入路１５を介して膨張機３１に吸い込まれる。そして、熱交換後の第１空気によって膨張機３１のタービンが駆動され、第１空気が断熱膨張し、第１空気の温度が下がる。このとき、圧縮機１１は、モータＭの回転と膨張タービンの膨張仕事とによって駆動される。 The air conditioning system S includes a second introduction path 15 having one end connected to the outlet of the heat radiation side passage 21 a, and the other end of the second introduction path 15 is connected to the inlet of the expander 31. The first air heat-exchanged with the second air by the heat exchanger 21 is sucked into the expander 31 through the second introduction path 15. Then, the turbine of the expander 31 is driven by the first air after the heat exchange, the first air is adiabatically expanded, and the temperature of the first air is lowered. At this time, the compressor 11 is driven by the rotation of the motor M and the expansion work of the expansion turbine.
空気調和システムＳは、膨張機３１の出口に一端が接続された第１導出路１６を備え、第１導出路１６の他端は室内に開口している。第１導出路１６には膨張弁４１が配置されている。膨張弁４１では、膨張機３１で膨張した第１空気がさらに断熱膨張し、第１空気の温度がさらに低下する。 The air conditioning system S includes a first outlet path 16 having one end connected to the outlet of the expander 31, and the other end of the first outlet path 16 opens into the room. An expansion valve 41 is disposed in the first lead-out path 16. In the expansion valve 41, the first air expanded by the expander 31 is further adiabatically expanded, and the temperature of the first air further decreases.
図３に示すように、膨張弁４１は、第１導出路１６の流路断面積を調節可能なスプール４１ａを備える。そして、スプール４１ａによって膨張弁４１の開度を調節し、第１導出路１６の絞り量を調節することで、膨張機３１での第１空気の膨張比を制御可能である。膨張弁４１の開度が小さくなり、第１導出路１６の流路断面積が小さくなるほど、膨張機３１での第１空気の膨張比が小さくなる。一方、膨張弁４１の開度が大きくなり、第１導出路１６の流路断面積が大きくなるほど、膨張機３１での第１空気の膨張比が大きくなる。 As shown in FIG. 3, the expansion valve 41 includes a spool 41 a that can adjust the flow passage cross-sectional area of the first outlet passage 16. And the expansion ratio of the 1st air in the expander 31 is controllable by adjusting the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 with the spool 41a, and adjusting the amount of throttling of the 1st derivation | leading-out path 16. The expansion ratio of the 1st air in the expander 31 becomes small, so that the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 becomes small and the flow-path cross-sectional area of the 1st derivation | leading-out path 16 becomes small. On the other hand, the expansion ratio of the first air in the expander 31 increases as the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 increases and the flow passage cross-sectional area of the first outlet passage 16 increases.
空気調和システムＳは、第１導出路１６で第１空気が流れる方向において、膨張弁４１より下流に水分離装置５１を備える。膨張弁４１と水分離装置５１は一体化されている。水分離装置５１は、膨張弁４１で膨張した際に発生した水分を第１空気から分離する。 The air conditioning system S includes a water separation device 51 downstream of the expansion valve 41 in the direction in which the first air flows in the first outlet path 16. The expansion valve 41 and the water separation device 51 are integrated. The water separation device 51 separates moisture generated when expanded by the expansion valve 41 from the first air.
図１に示すように、空気調和システムＳは、第１導出路１６で第１空気が流れる方向において、水分離装置５１より下流に第１冷房側切換弁３３を備える。また、空気調和システムＳは、第１冷房側切換弁３３に一端が接続された第１排出流路３４を備え、第１排出流路３４の他端は室外に開口している。第１冷房側切換弁３３は、第１位置３３ａ又は第２位置３３ｂに切り換え可能である。第１位置３３ａは、第１導出路１６から室内側へ第１空気が流れることを許容し、かつ第１導出路１６から第１排出流路３４への第１空気の流れを遮断する位置である。また、第２位置３３ｂは、第１導出路１６から室内側への第１空気の流れを遮断し、かつ第１導出路１６から第１排出流路３４へ第１空気が流れることを許容する位置である。 As shown in FIG. 1, the air conditioning system S includes a first cooling-side switching valve 33 downstream of the water separation device 51 in the direction in which the first air flows in the first outlet path 16. In addition, the air conditioning system S includes a first discharge channel 34 having one end connected to the first cooling-side switching valve 33, and the other end of the first discharge channel 34 opens to the outdoors. The first cooling side switching valve 33 can be switched to the first position 33a or the second position 33b. The first position 33a is a position that allows the first air to flow from the first lead-out path 16 to the indoor side and blocks the flow of the first air from the first lead-out path 16 to the first discharge flow path 34. is there. Further, the second position 33b blocks the flow of the first air from the first lead-out path 16 to the indoor side, and allows the first air to flow from the first lead-out path 16 to the first discharge flow path 34. Position.
空気調和システムＳは、第１外気導入路１３上に第２冷房側切換弁６１を備える。また、空気調和システムＳは、第２冷房側切換弁６１に一端が接続された第１内気循環流路６２を備え、第１内気循環流路６２の他端は室内に開口している。第２冷房側切換弁６１は、第１位置６１ａ又は第２位置６１ｂに切り換え可能である。第１位置６１ａは、第１内気循環流路６２から圧縮機１１へ室内空気が流れることを許容し、かつ第１外気導入路１３から圧縮機１１への室外空気の流れを遮断する位置である。また、第２位置６１ｂは、第１内気循環流路６２から圧縮機１１への室内空気の流れを遮断し、かつ第１外気導入路１３から圧縮機１１へ室外空気が流れることを許容する位置である。 The air conditioning system S includes a second cooling side switching valve 61 on the first outside air introduction path 13. The air conditioning system S includes a first room air circulation channel 62 having one end connected to the second cooling-side switching valve 61, and the other end of the first room air circulation channel 62 is opened indoors. The second cooling side switching valve 61 can be switched to the first position 61a or the second position 61b. The first position 61a is a position that allows room air to flow from the first inside air circulation flow path 62 to the compressor 11 and blocks the flow of outdoor air from the first outside air introduction path 13 to the compressor 11. . The second position 61b is a position that blocks the flow of room air from the first inside air circulation flow path 62 to the compressor 11 and permits the outside air to flow from the first outside air introduction path 13 to the compressor 11. It is.
空気調和システムＳは、吸熱側流路２１ｂの出口に一端が接続された第２導出路２２を備え、第２導出路２２の他端は室内に開口している。そして、熱交換器２１で第１空気と熱交換され、温度の上昇した第２空気は吸熱側流路２１ｂから第２導出路２２に流れる。 The air conditioning system S includes a second lead-out path 22 having one end connected to the outlet of the heat absorption side flow path 21b, and the other end of the second lead-out path 22 opens into the room. Then, the heat-exchanger 21 exchanges heat with the first air, and the second air whose temperature has risen flows from the heat absorption side passage 21b to the second lead-out passage 22.
空気調和システムＳは、第２導出路２２に第１暖房側切換弁２３を備える。また、空気調和システムＳは、第１暖房側切換弁２３に一端が接続された第２排出流路２４を備え、第２排出流路２４の他端は室外に開口している。第１暖房側切換弁２３は、第１位置２３ａ又は第２位置２３ｂに切り換え可能である。第１位置２３ａは、第２導出路２２から室内側へ第２空気が流れることを許容し、かつ第２導出路２２から第２排出流路２４への第２空気の流れを遮断する位置である。また、第２位置２３ｂは、第２導出路２２から室内側への第２空気の流れを遮断し、かつ第２導出路２２から第２排出流路２４へ第２空気が流れることを許容する位置である。 The air conditioning system S includes a first heating side switching valve 23 in the second outlet path 22. In addition, the air conditioning system S includes a second discharge passage 24 having one end connected to the first heating side switching valve 23, and the other end of the second discharge passage 24 is open to the outdoors. The first heating side switching valve 23 can be switched to the first position 23a or the second position 23b. The first position 23 a is a position that allows the second air to flow from the second lead-out path 22 to the indoor side and blocks the flow of the second air from the second lead-out path 22 to the second discharge flow path 24. is there. The second position 23b blocks the flow of the second air from the second lead-out path 22 to the indoor side, and allows the second air to flow from the second lead-out path 22 to the second discharge flow path 24. Position.
空気調和システムＳは、第２外気導入路２５上に第２暖房側切換弁２６を備える。また、空気調和システムＳは、第２暖房側切換弁２６に一端が接続された第２内気循環流路２７を備え、第２内気循環流路２７の他端は室内に開口している。第２暖房側切換弁２６は、第１位置２６ａ又は第２位置２６ｂに切り換え可能である。第１位置２６ａは、第２内気循環流路２７から熱交換器２１へ室内空気が流れることを許容し、かつ第２外気導入路２５から熱交換器２１への室外空気の流れを遮断する位置である。また、第２位置２６ｂは、第２内気循環流路２７から熱交換器２１への室内空気の流れを遮断し、かつ第２外気導入路２５から熱交換器２１へ室外空気が流れることを許容する位置である。 The air conditioning system S includes a second heating side switching valve 26 on the second outside air introduction path 25. In addition, the air conditioning system S includes a second room air circulation channel 27 having one end connected to the second heating side switching valve 26, and the other end of the second room air circulation channel 27 is opened indoors. The second heating side switching valve 26 can be switched to the first position 26a or the second position 26b. The first position 26 a is a position that allows room air to flow from the second inside air circulation passage 27 to the heat exchanger 21 and blocks the flow of outdoor air from the second outside air introduction path 25 to the heat exchanger 21. It is. Further, the second position 26b blocks the flow of room air from the second inside air circulation flow path 27 to the heat exchanger 21 and allows outdoor air to flow from the second outside air introduction path 25 to the heat exchanger 21. It is a position to do.
空気調和システムＳは、第１外気導入路１３に湿度計測装置としての湿度計２８を備える。湿度計２８は、圧縮機１１に吸入される前の第１空気の湿度を測定し、把握する。圧縮機１１に吸入される前の第１空気とは、第２冷房側切換弁６１が第１位置６１ａにある場合は、室内空気であり、第２冷房側切換弁６１が第２位置６１ｂにある場合は、室外空気となる。 The air conditioning system S includes a hygrometer 28 as a humidity measuring device in the first outside air introduction path 13. The hygrometer 28 measures and grasps the humidity of the first air before being sucked into the compressor 11. The first air before being sucked into the compressor 11 is room air when the second cooling side switching valve 61 is at the first position 61a, and the second cooling side switching valve 61 is at the second position 61b. When there is, it becomes outdoor air.
また、空気調和システムＳは、第１導出路１６で第１空気が流れる方向において、膨張機３１より下流で、かつ膨張弁４１より上流に温度計１８及び圧力計１９を備える。温度計１８は、膨張機３１で膨張した直後の第１空気の温度を測定し、圧力計１９は、膨張機３１で膨張した直後の第１空気の圧力を測定する。 In addition, the air conditioning system S includes a thermometer 18 and a pressure gauge 19 downstream of the expander 31 and upstream of the expansion valve 41 in the direction in which the first air flows in the first outlet path 16. The thermometer 18 measures the temperature of the first air immediately after being expanded by the expander 31, and the pressure gauge 19 measures the pressure of the first air immediately after being expanded by the expander 31.
また、空気調和システムＳは、モータＭの駆動及び膨張弁４１の駆動を制御する制御装置２９を備える。制御装置２９には、温度計１８、圧力計１９及び湿度計２８が信号接続されている。制御装置２９には、温度計１８、圧力計１９及び湿度計２８の出力した測定結果を含む信号が入力される。 In addition, the air conditioning system S includes a control device 29 that controls driving of the motor M and driving of the expansion valve 41. A thermometer 18, a pressure gauge 19, and a hygrometer 28 are signal-connected to the control device 29. A signal including the measurement results output from the thermometer 18, the pressure gauge 19 and the hygrometer 28 is input to the control device 29.
制御装置２９は、湿度計２８の測定した第１空気の湿度を把握し、その湿度に応じて、モータＭの回転数及び膨張弁４１の開度を調節する。制御装置２９によって、モータＭの回転数及び膨張弁４１の開度を制御することで、膨張機３１での第１空気の膨張比を所望する値にコントロールする。第１空気の所望する膨張比とは、膨張機３１で第１空気が膨張した際の温度及び圧力に応じた、第１空気の湿度が１００％未満となる膨張比である。これは、膨張機３１で第１空気が膨張した際、その第１空気の湿度が１００％以上になって膨張機３１で結露が発生するのを抑制するためである。なお、膨張機３１で第１空気が膨張した際の温度は温度計１８で測定され、圧力は圧力計１９で測定される。 The control device 29 grasps the humidity of the first air measured by the hygrometer 28 and adjusts the number of rotations of the motor M and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 according to the humidity. By controlling the rotation speed of the motor M and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 by the control device 29, the expansion ratio of the first air in the expander 31 is controlled to a desired value. The desired expansion ratio of the first air is an expansion ratio at which the humidity of the first air is less than 100% according to the temperature and pressure when the first air is expanded by the expander 31. This is because when the first air expands in the expander 31, the humidity of the first air becomes 100% or more and dew condensation is prevented from occurring in the expander 31. The temperature when the first air is expanded by the expander 31 is measured by the thermometer 18, and the pressure is measured by the pressure gauge 19.
制御装置２９には、圧縮機１１に吸入される前の第１空気の湿度と、膨張機３１での第１空気の温度及び圧力と、モータＭの回転数及び膨張弁４１の開度とを対応付けたテーブルが記憶されている。湿度と、圧力及び温度と、モータＭの回転数及び膨張弁４１との関係は、実験等によって予め測定され、対応付けられている。 In the control device 29, the humidity of the first air before being sucked into the compressor 11, the temperature and pressure of the first air in the expander 31, the rotation speed of the motor M, and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 are set. The associated table is stored. The relationship among the humidity, pressure and temperature, the number of rotations of the motor M, and the expansion valve 41 is measured and correlated in advance through experiments or the like.
空気調和システムＳは、第２導入路１５と第１導出路１６とを接続し、かつ膨張機３１をバイパスするバイパス流路３５を備える。また、空気調和システムＳは、バイパス流路３５に流量制御弁３６を備える。流量制御弁３６は、バイパス流路３５を流れる第１空気の流量を制御可能である。流量制御弁３６は制御装置２９に信号接続され、制御装置２９は流量制御弁３６の開度を制御可能である。制御装置２９は、湿度計２８の測定結果から把握した湿度に応じて流量制御弁３６の開度を制御し、バイパス流路３５の開度を調節する。 The air conditioning system S includes a bypass passage 35 that connects the second introduction passage 15 and the first lead-out passage 16 and bypasses the expander 31. The air conditioning system S includes a flow control valve 36 in the bypass flow path 35. The flow rate control valve 36 can control the flow rate of the first air flowing through the bypass flow path 35. The flow control valve 36 is signal-connected to the control device 29, and the control device 29 can control the opening degree of the flow control valve 36. The control device 29 controls the opening degree of the bypass flow path 35 by controlling the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 36 according to the humidity obtained from the measurement result of the hygrometer 28.
制御装置２９は、湿度が高いほど、流量制御弁３６の開度を大きくして、膨張機３１に吸い込まれる第１空気の量を減らし、湿度が低いほど、流量制御弁３６の開度を小さくして、膨張機３１に吸い込まれる第１空気の量を減らさないようにする。制御装置２９には、湿度と、流量制御弁３６の開度を対応付けたテーブルが記憶されている。湿度と、流量制御弁３６の開度との関係は、実験等によって予め測定され、対応付けられている。 The control device 29 increases the opening degree of the flow control valve 36 as the humidity increases, thereby reducing the amount of the first air sucked into the expander 31. The lower the humidity, the smaller the opening degree of the flow control valve 36. Thus, the amount of the first air sucked into the expander 31 is not reduced. The control device 29 stores a table in which the humidity and the opening degree of the flow control valve 36 are associated with each other. The relationship between the humidity and the opening degree of the flow control valve 36 is measured in advance through experiments or the like and is associated.
空気調和システムＳでは、室内の冷房を行う際、第１冷房側切換弁３３を第１位置３３ａとしておく。また、冷房を行う際、第２冷房側切換弁６１を第１位置６１ａとした場合には、室内空気を内気循環させて冷房を行い、第２冷房側切換弁６１を第２位置６１ｂとした場合は、室外空気を外気から導入して冷房を行う。また、室内の冷房を行う際、第１暖房側切換弁２３を第２位置２３ｂとし、熱交換器２１で熱交換された第２空気の室内への流入を防止する。さらに、第２暖房側切換弁２６を第１位置２６ａとした場合には、室内空気を第２空気として内気循環させて冷房を行い、第２位置２６ｂとした場合には、室外空気を第２空気として冷房を行う。 In the air conditioning system S, when the room is cooled, the first cooling side switching valve 33 is set to the first position 33a. Further, when performing the cooling, if the second cooling side switching valve 61 is set to the first position 61a, the room air is circulated in the inside air to perform the cooling, and the second cooling side switching valve 61 is set to the second position 61b. In this case, the outdoor air is introduced from the outside air to perform cooling. Moreover, when performing indoor cooling, the 1st heating side switching valve 23 is made into the 2nd position 23b, and the inflow into the room | chamber interior of the 2nd air heat-exchanged with the heat exchanger 21 is prevented. Further, when the second heating side switching valve 26 is set to the first position 26a, the room air is circulated as the second air for cooling, and when the second position 26b is set, the outdoor air is set to the second position 26a. Cool as air.
そして、空気調和システムＳによる冷房を行う際、第１空気が圧縮機１１に吸入され、圧縮機１１で圧縮されて高温空気となる。圧縮機１１を流出した高温空気は、熱交換器２１の放熱側流路２１ａに流入し、吸熱側流路２１ｂを流れる第２空気によって冷却される。冷却された第１空気は、熱交換器２１を流出してから膨張機３１に吸い込まれ、膨張して更に温度が低下する。 When the air conditioning system S performs cooling, the first air is sucked into the compressor 11 and compressed by the compressor 11 to become high-temperature air. The high-temperature air that has flowed out of the compressor 11 flows into the heat radiation side passage 21a of the heat exchanger 21 and is cooled by the second air that flows through the heat absorption side passage 21b. The cooled first air flows out of the heat exchanger 21 and is then sucked into the expander 31 to expand and further decrease in temperature.
このように、第１空気は熱交換器２１及び膨張機３１において温度が低下する。本実施形態では、圧縮機１１に吸入される前の第１空気の湿度を湿度計２８で測定しておき、膨張機３１で膨張した第１空気の温度及び圧力に応じて、制御装置２９によるモータＭの回転及び膨張弁４１の開度を調節し、圧縮前の第１空気の湿度に応じた膨張比で膨張させる。より具体的には、第１空気に含まれていた水蒸気の一部が凝縮水となる手前までの膨張とする。また、圧縮機１１に吸入される前の第１空気の湿度に応じて、制御装置２９は流量制御弁３６の開度を制御し、第２導入路１５から膨張機３１に吸い込まれる第１空気の量を調節する。 Thus, the temperature of the first air decreases in the heat exchanger 21 and the expander 31. In the present embodiment, the humidity of the first air before being sucked into the compressor 11 is measured by the hygrometer 28, and the control device 29 performs according to the temperature and pressure of the first air expanded by the expander 31. The rotation of the motor M and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 are adjusted, and expansion is performed at an expansion ratio corresponding to the humidity of the first air before compression. More specifically, the expansion is performed until a part of the water vapor contained in the first air becomes condensed water. Further, the control device 29 controls the opening degree of the flow control valve 36 according to the humidity of the first air before being sucked into the compressor 11, and the first air sucked into the expander 31 from the second introduction path 15. Adjust the amount.
膨張機３１で膨張した第１空気は膨張弁４１に吸い込まれ、膨張して更に温度が低下する。このとき、第１空気に含まれていた水蒸気は凝縮して凝縮水となる。この凝縮水は、水分離装置５１において第１空気から分離される。水分離後の第１空気は第１冷房側切換弁３３を通過して第１導出路１６から室内に供給され、室内を冷却する。また、熱交換器２１で熱交換された第２空気は、第１暖房側切換弁２３を介して第２排出流路２４から室外に排出される。 The first air expanded by the expander 31 is sucked into the expansion valve 41 and expands to further decrease the temperature. At this time, the water vapor contained in the first air is condensed into condensed water. This condensed water is separated from the first air in the water separation device 51. The first air after the water separation passes through the first cooling side switching valve 33 and is supplied into the room from the first lead-out path 16 to cool the room. The second air heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 21 is discharged from the second discharge flow path 24 to the outside through the first heating side switching valve 23.
図２に示すように、空気調和システムＳで室内の暖房を行う際、第１暖房側切換弁２３を第１位置２３ａに位置させる。また、第１冷房側切換弁３３を第２位置３３ｂとしておく。また、第２冷房側切換弁６１を第１位置６１ａとした場合には、室内空気を内気循環させて暖房を行い、第２冷房側切換弁６１を第２位置６１ｂとした場合は、室外空気を外気から導入して暖房を行う。また、室内の暖房を行う際、第２暖房側切換弁２６を第１位置２６ａとした場合には、内気循環させた室内空気を第２空気として使用し、第２暖房側切換弁２６を第２位置２６ｂとした場合は、室外空気を第２空気として使用する。 As shown in FIG. 2, when heating the room by the air conditioning system S, the first heating side switching valve 23 is positioned at the first position 23a. Further, the first cooling side switching valve 33 is set to the second position 33b. Further, when the second cooling side switching valve 61 is set to the first position 61a, the room air is circulated in the inside air for heating, and when the second cooling side switching valve 61 is set to the second position 61b, the outdoor air is set. Is heated from outside air. Further, when heating the room, if the second heating side switching valve 26 is set to the first position 26a, the indoor air circulated in the room air is used as the second air, and the second heating side switching valve 26 is set to the second position. In the case of the second position 26b, outdoor air is used as the second air.
そして、暖房を行う際、第１空気が圧縮機１１に取り込まれ、圧縮機１１で圧縮されて高温空気となる。圧縮機１１を流出した高温空気は、熱交換器２１の放熱側流路２１ａに流入し、吸熱側流路２１ｂを流れる第２空気によって冷却される。冷却された第１空気は、熱交換器２１を流出してから膨張機３１に吸い込まれ、膨張して更に温度が低下する。暖房の際も、膨張機３１では第１空気の膨張が行われる。このときも、制御装置２９によって、モータＭの回転数、膨張弁４１の開度を制御して、膨張機３１での結露を抑制する。そして、熱交換器２１で熱交換され、暖められた第２空気は、第１暖房側切換弁２３を介して、そのまま室内に供給され、室内を加熱する。 When heating is performed, the first air is taken into the compressor 11 and is compressed by the compressor 11 to become high-temperature air. The high-temperature air that has flowed out of the compressor 11 flows into the heat radiation side passage 21a of the heat exchanger 21 and is cooled by the second air that flows through the heat absorption side passage 21b. The cooled first air flows out of the heat exchanger 21 and is then sucked into the expander 31 to expand and further decrease in temperature. Even during heating, the expander 31 expands the first air. Also at this time, the control device 29 controls the rotation speed of the motor M and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 to suppress dew condensation in the expander 31. Then, the second air heated by the heat exchanger 21 and heated is supplied to the room as it is through the first heating side switching valve 23 to heat the room.
上記実施形態によれば、以下のような効果を得ることができる。
（１）空気調和システムＳは、膨張機３１を駆動させるモータＭ、及び膨張機３１より下流側に配置された膨張弁４１を備え、さらに、モータＭ及び膨張弁４１を制御する制御装置２９と、湿度計２８を備える。そして、圧縮機１１に吸入される前の第１空気の湿度に基づいてモータＭの回転数と膨張弁４１の開度を制御し、膨張機３１での膨張を制御して凝縮水が発生しないようにした。このため、膨張機３１での第１空気の膨張時にタービンに結露が発生することを抑制し、水分によってタービンが損傷を受けることを抑制できる。
According to the above embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The air conditioning system S includes a motor M that drives the expander 31 and an expansion valve 41 that is disposed on the downstream side of the expander 31, and further includes a control device 29 that controls the motor M and the expansion valve 41; The hygrometer 28 is provided. And the rotation speed of the motor M and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 are controlled based on the humidity of the first air before being sucked into the compressor 11, and the expansion in the expander 31 is controlled, so that condensed water is not generated. I did it. For this reason, it can suppress that dew condensation occurs in a turbine at the time of expansion of the 1st air in expansion machine 31, and can control that a turbine is damaged by moisture.
（２）空気調和システムＳにおいて、膨張弁４１と水分離装置５１は一体化されている。このため、膨張弁４１で膨張した第１空気は、膨張直後に水分離装置５１に流入する。よって、水分離装置５１では、第１空気の膨張直後に水分を分離することができる。 (2) In the air conditioning system S, the expansion valve 41 and the water separation device 51 are integrated. For this reason, the first air expanded by the expansion valve 41 flows into the water separator 51 immediately after expansion. Therefore, the water separator 51 can separate the water immediately after the expansion of the first air.
（３）空気調和システムＳは、バイパス流路３５を備え、バイパス流路３５によって、熱交換器２１で熱交換された第１空気を、膨張機３１を避けて膨張弁４１へ供給可能とする。このため、膨張機３１に吸い込まれる第１空気の量を減らし、かつ膨張弁４１に吸い込まれる第１空気の量を増やすことで、膨張機３１での凝縮水の発生をより一層抑制することができる。また、膨張弁４１での膨張により凝縮水を発生させることで、膨張機３１での結露を抑制しやすくなる。 (3) The air conditioning system S includes a bypass channel 35, and allows the first air heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 21 by the bypass channel 35 to be supplied to the expansion valve 41 while avoiding the expander 31. . For this reason, by reducing the amount of the first air sucked into the expander 31 and increasing the amount of the first air sucked into the expansion valve 41, the generation of condensed water in the expander 31 can be further suppressed. it can. Moreover, it becomes easy to suppress the dew condensation in the expander 31 by generating condensed water by expansion | swelling with the expansion valve 41. FIG.
（４）空気調和システムＳは、第１外気導入路１３に第２冷房側切換弁６１を備え、第２冷房側切換弁６１には第１内気循環流路６２が接続されている。そして、第２冷房側切換弁６１を第１位置６１ａに切り換えることで、室内空気を第１空気とすることができる。このため、室外空気の湿度が高い場合には、室内空気を第１空気とすることで、膨張機３１での凝縮水の発生を抑制しやすくなる。 (4) The air conditioning system S includes a second cooling side switching valve 61 in the first outside air introduction path 13, and a first inside air circulation channel 62 is connected to the second cooling side switching valve 61. And indoor air can be made into 1st air by switching the 2nd cooling side switching valve 61 to the 1st position 61a. For this reason, when the humidity of outdoor air is high, it becomes easy to suppress generation | occurrence | production of the condensed water in the expander 31 by making indoor air into 1st air.
（５）空気調和システムＳでは、第１空気は膨張機３１で膨張し、膨張弁４１でさらに膨張した後、水分離装置５１で水分が分離される。このため、冷房時には、乾燥した空気を室内に供給することができる。 (5) In the air conditioning system S, the first air is expanded by the expander 31, further expanded by the expansion valve 41, and then water is separated by the water separation device 51. For this reason, dry air can be supplied indoors at the time of cooling.
なお、上記実施形態は以下のように変更してもよい。
○ 制御装置２９は、モータＭの回転数及び膨張弁４１の開度と、第１空気の湿度と、膨張機３１での圧力及び温度と、を対応付けたテーブルに基づいて、膨張機３１での第１空気の湿度が１００％以上にならないようにモータＭの回転数及び膨張弁４１の開度を制御したが、これに限らない。制御装置２９は、第１空気の湿度と、膨張機３１での圧力及び温度とから、モータＭの回転数及び膨張弁４１の開度を演算して決定してもよい。
In addition, you may change the said embodiment as follows.
The control device 29 uses the expander 31 based on a table in which the rotation speed of the motor M and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41, the humidity of the first air, and the pressure and temperature in the expander 31 are associated with each other. Although the rotation speed of the motor M and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 are controlled so that the humidity of the first air does not become 100% or more, the present invention is not limited to this. The control device 29 may calculate and determine the rotation speed of the motor M and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 from the humidity of the first air and the pressure and temperature in the expander 31.
○ 実施形態では、湿度計２８を圧縮機１１の入口付近に設け、圧縮機１１に吸入される前の第１空気の湿度を測定したが、これに限らない。圧縮機１１の出口付近や膨張機３１の入口付近に湿度計２８を設け、圧縮機１１による圧縮直後の第１空気の湿度や、膨張機３１で膨張される前の第１空気の湿度から、モータＭの回転数及び膨張弁４１の開度を決定してもよい。 In the embodiment, the hygrometer 28 is provided in the vicinity of the inlet of the compressor 11 and the humidity of the first air before being sucked into the compressor 11 is measured. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A hygrometer 28 is provided near the outlet of the compressor 11 and the inlet of the expander 31, and from the humidity of the first air immediately after compression by the compressor 11 and the humidity of the first air before being expanded by the expander 31, You may determine the rotation speed of the motor M, and the opening degree of the expansion valve 41. FIG.
○ 湿度計測装置として湿度計２８に具体化したが、湿度計測装置を温度計及び制御装置２９に変更してもよい。この場合、温度計を圧縮機１１の入口付近、圧縮機１１の出口付近、膨張機３１の入口付近等に設け、圧縮機１１による圧縮前後の第１空気の温度や、膨張機３１で膨張される前の第１空気の温度から、制御装置２９で湿度を推測し、把握するようにしてもよい。 ○ Although the hygrometer 28 is embodied as a humidity measuring device, the humidity measuring device may be changed to a thermometer and a control device 29. In this case, thermometers are provided in the vicinity of the inlet of the compressor 11, in the vicinity of the outlet of the compressor 11, in the vicinity of the inlet of the expander 31, and the like, and are expanded by the temperature of the first air before and after compression by the compressor 11 The humidity may be estimated and grasped by the control device 29 from the temperature of the first air before the air flow.
○ 膨張弁４１は固定絞りであってもよい。この場合、膨張弁４１の開度は制御できないため、制御装置２９はモータＭの回転数を制御して、膨張機３１での第１空気の湿度が１００％未満となるようにする。 The expansion valve 41 may be a fixed throttle. In this case, since the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 cannot be controlled, the control device 29 controls the rotation speed of the motor M so that the humidity of the first air in the expander 31 is less than 100%.
○ モータＭは回転数が一定なタイプであってもよい。この場合、モータＭの回転数は一定であるため、制御装置２９は膨張弁４１の開度を制御して、膨張機３１での第１空気の湿度が１００％未満となるようにする。 The motor M may be a type with a constant rotation speed. In this case, since the rotation speed of the motor M is constant, the control device 29 controls the opening degree of the expansion valve 41 so that the humidity of the first air in the expander 31 is less than 100%.
○ 膨張弁４１と水分離装置５１は別体でもよく、膨張弁４１と水分離装置５１は流路を介して接続されていてもよい。
○ 第１導出路１６から室内に供給される第１空気は、エンジンからの廃熱によってリヒートされて温度調節されてもよい。
(Circle) the expansion valve 41 and the water separator 51 may be a different body, and the expansion valve 41 and the water separator 51 may be connected via the flow path.
(Circle) the 1st air supplied indoors from the 1st lead-out path 16 may be reheated by the waste heat from an engine, and temperature control may be carried out.
次に、上記実施形態及び別例から把握できる技術的思想について以下に追記する。
（イ）前記熱交換器と前記膨張機とを繋ぐ流路と、前記膨張機と前記膨張弁とを繋ぐ流路とはバイパス流路によって接続されている空気調和システム。
Next, the technical idea that can be grasped from the above embodiment and other examples will be described below.
(A) An air conditioning system in which a flow path connecting the heat exchanger and the expander and a flow path connecting the expander and the expansion valve are connected by a bypass flow path.
（ロ）前記バイパス流路には流量制御弁が配置されている空気調和システム。
（ハ）前記圧縮機に流入する空気は室内空気である空気調和システム。
(B) An air conditioning system in which a flow rate control valve is disposed in the bypass flow path.
(C) An air conditioning system in which the air flowing into the compressor is room air.
Ｍ…モータ、Ｍａ…回転軸、１１…圧縮機、１２…空気サイクル装置、２１…熱交換器、２８…湿度計測装置としての湿度計、２９…制御装置、３１…膨張機、４１…膨張弁、５１…水分離装置。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS M ... Motor, Ma ... Rotating shaft, 11 ... Compressor, 12 ... Air cycle device, 21 ... Heat exchanger, 28 ... Hygrometer as humidity measuring device, 29 ... Control device, 31 ... Expander, 41 ... Expansion valve 51 ... Water separator.
Claims (2)
前記膨張機で膨張した前記空気を膨張させる膨張弁と、
前記圧縮機及び前記膨張機が連結された回転軸を回転させるモータと、
前記膨張弁で膨張した前記空気から水分を分離する水分離装置と、
前記膨張機で膨張する前の前記空気の湿度を把握するための湿度計測装置と、
前記膨張機で膨張した前記空気の湿度が１００％未満となるように、前記湿度計測装置で把握した湿度に基づいて前記モータの回転数、及び前記膨張弁の開度の少なくとも一方を制御する制御装置と、を有する空気調和システム。 An air cycle device including a compressor that compresses air, a heat exchanger that exchanges heat of the compressed air, and an expander that expands the air heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger;
An expansion valve for expanding the air expanded by the expander;
A motor for rotating a rotating shaft to which the compressor and the expander are coupled;
A water separation device for separating moisture from the air expanded by the expansion valve;
A humidity measuring device for grasping the humidity of the air before being expanded by the expander;
Control for controlling at least one of the rotational speed of the motor and the opening of the expansion valve based on the humidity grasped by the humidity measuring device so that the humidity of the air expanded by the expander is less than 100% And an air conditioning system.
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| JP2015030686A JP2016151408A (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2015-02-19 | Air conditioning system |
| PCT/JP2016/052002 WO2016132820A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2016-01-25 | Air conditioning system |
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| JP2015030686A JP2016151408A (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2015-02-19 | Air conditioning system |
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| CN112325504A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Air conditioner |
| JP2021096054A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | 三菱重工冷熱株式会社 | Cooling device using air refrigerant cycle |
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| CN114857695B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2024-04-12 | 河北工业大学 | Air conditioning system for independently processing fresh air and return air and control method thereof |
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| JPH05223375A (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-08-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Air cycle air conditioner |
| JPH11101520A (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-04-13 | Sharp Corp | Air cycle type air conditioner |
| SE510794C2 (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 1999-06-21 | Svenska Rotor Maskiner Ab | Methods and apparatus for controlling cooling effect in cold air systems |
| JP2003139425A (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-14 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Air conditioner |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021096054A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | 三菱重工冷熱株式会社 | Cooling device using air refrigerant cycle |
| CN112325504A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Air conditioner |
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