JP2016147309A - Member joining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a member joining method capable of joining two members by reducing a load on each member, improving joining strength and reducing cost.SOLUTION: In a member joining method, a steel component 10 having a bottom wall 11 with a hole 15 and a hollow aluminum pipe 20 are prepared. The aluminum pipe 20 is inserted into the hole 15 of the steel component 10 and is passed through the bottom wall 11, rubber 30 is inserted into the aluminum pipe 20, and the rubber 30 is compressed in an axis line L direction of the aluminum pipe 20 so as to be inflated from the inside to the outside. As a result, the portion inserted into at least the hole 15 of the aluminum pipe 20 is enlarged and deformed to be caulked and joined to the bottom wall 11.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2C

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for joining members.

  In order to reduce the weight and improve safety of automobiles, a high strength steel sheet called high tension steel is used. Although these high-tension steels are effective for weight reduction and safety improvement, they are still heavy compared to low specific gravity materials such as aluminum. Further, high tension steel has problems such as a decrease in formability due to its high strength, an increase in forming load, and a decrease in dimensional accuracy. In order to solve these problems, in recent years, multi-materials have been used in which extruded products, cast products, and press-formed products using aluminum having a lighter specific gravity than steel plates are used together with steel parts.

  The problem with this multi-materialization is the joining of steel plate parts and aluminum parts. In welding technology represented by spot welding, a brittle intermetallic compound (IMC) is generated at the interface between the steel plate and the aluminum plate, so electromagnetic forming joining, screw fastening represented by bolts and nuts, friction stir welding ( Fusing techniques such as FSW (friction stir welding), rivets, self-piercing rivets (SPR), mechanical clinching, and adhesion have been put into practical use.

  In the caulking by electromagnetic forming, a solenoid forming coil is inserted inside a pipe-shaped part fitted to a mating part, and an induced current is induced in a conductor pipe by a changing magnetic field generated by applying an impact current to the coil. An electromagnetic force is generated between the magnetic field generated by the primary current of the coil and the induced current flowing in the opposite direction on the circumferential direction of the pipe. At this time, the pipe receives the outward force and is deformed and expanded and caulked to the mating part. Is done. This joining method is suitable for copper and aluminum having good electrical conductivity, and has been practically used in part for joining automobile parts.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a caulking joining technique by electromagnetic forming for making a multi-material. In Patent Literature 1, a bumper reinforcement made of a metal member having a hollow cross section is deformed and enlarged by electromagnetic forming, and is fitted and joined to a hole provided in a bumper stay made of an aluminum alloy.

JP 2007-284039 A

  As in Patent Document 1, electromagnetic forming is suitable for caulking and joining a copper or aluminum hollow part having good electrical conductivity to a counterpart part, and a circular shape is preferred because of its joining mechanism.

  However, in the joining by electromagnetic forming, the solenoid coil to be used needs to be smaller than the inner diameter of the aluminum part (aluminum pipe). When trying to reduce the diameter of a coil when joining small-diameter parts, there are problems in terms of difficulty in manufacturing the coil, performance, and durability. As for the difficulty of manufacturing, it becomes difficult to form a conducting wire into a coil shape, and restrictions on the material and cross-sectional shape of the conducting wire become severe, and the conducting wire section is deformed when forming into a coil shape. In addition, a new capital investment is required, saying that a large-capacity high-voltage capacitor is necessary. Furthermore, it cannot be joined to an aluminum part having a square cross section, hole, or slit.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a member joining method that can reduce the load on each member, improve the joining strength, and join two members at low cost.

  The present invention prepares a first member having a first portion provided with a first hole and a hollow second member, and inserts the second member into the first hole of the first member. And passing the first portion, inserting an elastic body into the second member, compressing the elastic body in the axial direction of the second member and expanding it from the inside to the outside, thereby Provided is a joining method in which at least a portion inserted through the first hole of the second member is enlarged and deformed to be caulked and joined to the first portion.

  According to this method, the elastic body is expanded outward and the second member is uniformly enlarged and deformed, thereby preventing local deformation and reducing the load on each member. This is because the second member can be uniformly deformed by utilizing the property that the elastic body compressed in the axial direction expands uniformly from the inside toward the outside. Therefore, the fitting accuracy is improved and the bonding strength can be improved. Moreover, it is simple compared with electromagnetic forming and other processing methods. Electromagnetic forming can be used only for conductive materials, and the cross-sectional shape and dimensions are limited by the coil used. In contrast, this method does not depend on the material, and there are no restrictions on the cross-sectional shape and dimensions. In addition, since it can be executed with equipment that applies a compressive force to the elastic body, electrical equipment that requires a large-capacity capacitor is also unnecessary. Therefore, two members can be joined at a low cost.

  Further, the shape of the first hole portion of the first member and the cross-sectional shape of the portion inserted through the first hole portion of the second member may be similar.

  According to this method, since the first member and the second member are similar to each other, the second member can be uniformly enlarged and deformed, and a local load is applied to the first member and the second member. It can be prevented from occurring.

  Further, an outer frame mold may be disposed outside the second member, and at least a part of the second member may be molded and crimped and joined along the outer frame mold.

  According to this method, the second member can be deformed into an arbitrary shape by using outer frame molds having various inner shapes. The shape to be deformed can be appropriately selected from the viewpoint of component performance, etc., and can be made into a shape according to the application.

  Further, an outer frame mold may be disposed outside the second member, and the enlarged deformation of the second member may be partially limited by the outer frame mold to be caulked and joined.

  According to this method, by arranging the outer frame mold, it is possible to define a region where the second member is expanded and deformed, and to control the expanded and deformed region with high accuracy. Here, the enlarged deformation region refers to a region where the second member is enlarged and deformed outward.

  Further, when the elastic body is compressed, the second member may also be compressed in the axial direction.

  According to this method, the second member can also be compressed in the axial direction to assist the expansion deformation in the outer direction of the second member. In other words, the second member can be expanded and deformed more securely and crimped together with the expansion deformation force from the inside of the second member by the elastic body.

  The edge of the first hole may be burring processed.

  According to this method, the strength of the hole and the first portion of the first member can be improved by burring the edge of the hole of the first member. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the deformation of the first member, the damage of the second member, and the joint strength between the two members.

  Further, a convex bead portion may be formed in a direction different from the surface where the first hole portion is provided in the axial direction, and the bead portion may be caulked and joined.

  According to this method, by caulking and joining including the bead portion, both members can be more fixed, and the joining strength can be further improved. In particular, when the second member has a circular cross section, the second member can be prevented from rotating with respect to the first member.

  The first member may include a second portion having a second hole, and may be caulked and joined to the second member at the first hole and the second hole.

  According to this method, the joining strength can be further improved by caulking and joining at two places as compared with the case of caulking and joining at one place.

  Further, the elastic body may be separated at a joint portion between the first member and the second member.

  According to this method, since the elastic body is separated at the joint, deformation of the joint of the first member can be prevented. Specifically, since the elastic body is separated so as not to dispose the elastic body near the joint, the second member does not receive the expansion deformation force from the elastic body near the joint, and expands near the joint. do not do. Therefore, the first member does not receive a force from the second member in the vicinity of the joint, and can maintain the shape of the joint.

  Further, a plate may be inserted between the separated elastic bodies.

  According to this method, the deformation of the joint portion of the first member can be more reliably prevented by the presence of the plate at the joint portion. Since the plate does not expand and deform even when it receives an axial compressive force, the expansion deformation force is not applied to the joint, and the original shape of the joint can be more reliably maintained.

  In addition, the second member may be provided with a partition wall on the inner side and provided with an outer wall extending in the axial direction, and the plurality of elastic bodies may be inserted into the space partitioned by the partition wall and joined by caulking.

According to this method, since a plurality of elastic bodies are used for caulking and joining, stress concentration due to deformation can be prevented, and the load on the first member and the second member can be reduced.

  The second member may include an end surface inclined with respect to the axis, and both end surfaces of the elastic body in the axial direction may be parallel to the inclined end surface.

  According to this method, it is possible to cope with caulking joining in a state where the first member and the second member that are often seen in practice are inclined to each other. In particular, by making both end faces of the elastic body the same as the bonding angle, the elastic body can be uniformly expanded and deformed, and the second member can be expanded uniformly.

  In addition, the first member may include an upright wall portion parallel to the axis, and the deformation of the upright wall portion may be restrained by a fixing jig and joined by caulking.

  According to this method, since the deformation | transformation of the 1st member is restrained with the jig | tool, it can suppress that a 1st member deform | transforms with the pipe expansion deformation of a 2nd member.

  According to the present invention, the elastic member is expanded from the inside to the outside and the second member is uniformly deformed and expanded, thereby preventing local deformation and reducing the load on each member. Therefore, the fitting accuracy is improved and the bonding strength can be improved. Moreover, since it is simple compared with electromagnetic forming and other processing methods, two members can be joined at low cost.

The perspective view of the channel type steel parts which have a circular hole, and the aluminum pipe of a cross-section circle. The perspective view which crimped and joined the steel components and aluminum pipe of FIG. 1A. Sectional drawing before caulking which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing in the middle of crimping which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after crimping which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing at the time of extracting rubber | gum after caulking which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing before crimping in case rubber | gum which is a modification of 1st Embodiment of this invention is a fluid enclosure member. Sectional drawing after crimping in case rubber | gum which is a modification of 1st Embodiment of this invention is a fluid enclosure member. The perspective view of the steel part which has a circular hole, and the aluminum pipe of a cross section square. The perspective view of the steel part which has a square hole, and a cross-section circular aluminum pipe. An example sectional view of a joined part of steel parts which performed burring processing. Sectional drawing of the other example of the junction part of the steel parts which performed the burring process. Sectional drawing of the other example of the junction part of the steel parts which performed the burring process. The perspective view of the junction part of the steel components which have the circular hole which gave the burring process. The perspective view of the junction part of the steel components which have the square hole which gave the burring process. Sectional drawing before caulking using the outer frame metal mold | die which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after crimping using the outer frame metal mold | die which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view of the aluminum pipe shape | molded by the circular tube shape. The perspective view of the aluminum pipe shape | molded by the regular hexagonal tube. The perspective view of the aluminum pipe shape | molded by the cross pipe. Sectional drawing before arrange | positioning and crimping rubber | gum only to the junction part vicinity which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after arrange | positioning and crimping rubber | gum only to the junction part vicinity which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing before partially extending and crimping an aluminum pipe using the outer frame metal mold | die which is a modification of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after an aluminum pipe is partially expanded and crimped using the outer frame metal mold | die which is a modification of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing before crimping with the truncated cone-shaped indenter which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after crimping with the truncated cone-shaped indenter which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing before compressing and crimping the aluminum pipe which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention to an axial direction. Sectional drawing after compressing and crimping the aluminum pipe which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention to an axial direction. Sectional drawing before crimping with the indenter with an outer frame which is a modification of 5th Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after crimping with the indenter with an outer frame which is a modification of 5th Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view of the steel parts which have a circular hole in the case of caulking in two places which concern on 6th Embodiment of this invention, and an aluminum pipe with a circular cross section. The perspective view of the steel parts which have a square hole in the case of caulking in two places which concern on 6th Embodiment of this invention, and an aluminum pipe with a square cross section. The perspective view of the hat-channel type steel parts which have a circular hole in the case of caulking in two places which are the modifications of 6th Embodiment of this invention, and a cross-section aluminum pipe. The perspective view of the hat-channel type steel part which has a square hole in the case of caulking in two places which is a modification of 6th Embodiment of this invention, and an aluminum pipe with a square cross section. Sectional drawing in the middle of crimping of FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B. FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view after caulking in FIG. 16A. FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view after partially expanding and caulking in FIG. 16A. Sectional drawing after crimping the steel components and aluminum pipe which are the modifications of 7th Embodiment of this invention on the surface in which the bead part was formed. Sectional drawing in the XVIII-XVIII line of FIG. 18A. Sectional drawing after crimping using the isolate | separated rubber | gum which concerns on 8th Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after inserting a plate between the isolate | separated rubber | gum which is a modification of 8th Embodiment of this invention, and crimping. Sectional drawing after crimping using the rubber | gum from which hardness differs in the junction part which is a modification of 8th Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view before crimping of the resin cylinder component and aluminum pipe which concern on 9th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 21B is a perspective view after caulking the resin cylinder part and the aluminum pipe of FIG. 21A. FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view before caulking the resin cylinder part and the aluminum pipe of FIG. 21A. FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view after caulking the resin cylinder part and the aluminum pipe of FIG. 21A. The perspective view of the steel bumper beam and aluminum stay which concern on 10th Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing of the jig | tool for bulging which concerns on 10th Embodiment of this invention. A sectional view of an aluminum stay in the state where a steel bumper beam and a bulging jig according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention are inserted. Sectional drawing before crimping which concerns on 10th Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after crimping based on 10th Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after removing the jig | tool for bulging after crimping which concerns on 10th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 26B is a sectional view taken along line XXVI-XXVI in FIG. 26A. The perspective view of the aluminum pipe which concerns on 11th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 27B is a cross-sectional view before caulking along the line XXVI-XXVI in FIG. 27A. FIG. 27B is a cross-sectional view after caulking along the line XXVI-XXVI in FIG. 27A. The top view of the aluminum pipe and rubber which concern on 11th Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the aluminum pipe which concerns on 11th Embodiment of this invention, and the rubber of another shape. The top view of the aluminum pipe which concerns on 11th Embodiment of this invention, rubber | gum, and an L-shaped angle. Sectional drawing before crimping which concerns on 12th Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing after crimping concerning 12th Embodiment of this invention. The top view before and behind crimping which concerns on 13th Embodiment of this invention. The top view before and behind crimping which concerns on 13th Embodiment of this invention. The front view before crimping which concerns on 13th Embodiment of this invention. The front view after crimping without using the fixing jig which concerns on 13th Embodiment of this invention. The front view after crimping using the fixing jig which concerns on 13th Embodiment of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, terms (for example, “upper side”, “lower side”, etc.) representing directions and positions may be used, but these are for facilitating understanding of the invention, and depending on the meaning of these terms. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited. Further, the following description is merely an example of one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, its application, or its use.

  In each embodiment described below, the material of the individual member is illustrated, but the material of the individual member in all the embodiments is not limited to those specifically illustrated, and the present invention is applied to any material. Is applicable.

(First embodiment)
With reference to FIGS. 1A to 2D, a joining method for caulking and joining a steel part (first member) 10 and an aluminum pipe (second member) 20 will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, the steel part 10 has a channel shape made of high-tension steel. The steel part 10 includes a bottom wall (first portion) 11, two side walls 12 and 13 that extend vertically upward from the bottom wall 11, and an upper wall 14 that extends outward from each of the two side walls 12 and 13 in the horizontal direction. . The bottom wall 11 is provided with a hole portion (first hole portion) 15 into which the aluminum pipe 20 can be inserted. The aluminum pipe 20 is made of an aluminum alloy and has a hollow shape and a circular cross section, and extends in the direction of the axis L. The axis L passes through the center of the aluminum pipe 20 and the center of the hole 15 of the steel part 10.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the aluminum pipe 20 and the steel part 10 are deformed from the inner side toward the outer side and the upper end 21 in the drawing is crushed, whereby the steel part 10 It is caulked and joined to the hole 15. The shape and size of the hole 15 of the steel part 10 are similar to the cross-sectional shape of the aluminum pipe 20 and are preferably as small as possible within the range in which the aluminum pipe 20 can be inserted.

  The caulking joining of the steel part 10 and the aluminum pipe 20 is performed in the following procedure.

  As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, rubber (elastic body) 30 is used for caulking and joining of the steel part 10 and the aluminum pipe 20.

  First, as shown in FIG. 2A, the aluminum pipe 20 is inserted into the hole portion 15 of the steel part 10, the rubber 30 is inserted into the aluminum pipe 20, and set in the press device 40. However, the aluminum pipe 20 may be inserted through the hole 15 with the rubber 30 inserted therein. The pressing device 40 includes an indenter 43 and a receiving seat 42. The indenter 43 has a flat lower surface and presses the steel part 10 or the rubber 30 on the lower surface. The seat 42 has a flat upper surface, and the steel part 10 and the rubber 30 are placed on the upper surface. The rubber 30 has a cylindrical shape with a diameter that can be inserted into the aluminum pipe 20, and has a longer overall length than the aluminum pipe 20. Therefore, in the set state, the rubber 30 partially protrudes from the upper end of the aluminum pipe 20. For this reason, when the press device 40 starts pressing and the seat 42 and the indenter 43 relatively approach each other, the rubber 30 is pressed first. However, the rubber 30 does not necessarily have to protrude from the upper end of the aluminum pipe 20 and may be accommodated in or flush with the upper end of the aluminum pipe 20.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2B, an external force for compression is applied to the rubber 30 in the direction of the axis L by the pressing device 40. As the size of the rubber 30 in the direction of the axis L decreases, the size in the radial direction increases. Thus, the rubber 30 is elastically deformed (expanded) from the axis L toward the outside, and the aluminum pipe 20 is expanded and deformed. Then, as shown in FIG. 2C, the aluminum pipe 20 is further expanded and deformed by further compression by the press device 40, and at the same time, the upper end 21 in the drawing of the aluminum pipe 20 is bent and pushed toward the steel part 10. Crushing and caulking joining with the steel part 10.

  After caulking and joining, as shown in FIG. 2D, the rubber 30 from which the compression force of the press device 40 has been removed can be restored to its original shape by its own elastic force and can be easily removed from the aluminum pipe 20.

  According to this method, the rubber 30 is expanded outwardly and the aluminum pipe 20 is uniformly enlarged and deformed, thereby preventing local deformation and reducing the load on the members 10 and 20. This is because the rubber 30 compressed in the direction of the axis L can be uniformly deformed by utilizing the property that the rubber 30 is uniformly expanded from the inside to the outside. Therefore, the fitting accuracy is improved and the bonding strength can be improved. Moreover, it is a simple method compared with electromagnetic forming and other processing methods.

  Electromagnetic forming can be used only for conductive materials, and the cross-sectional shape and dimensions are limited by the coil used. In contrast, this method does not depend on the material, and there are no restrictions on the cross-sectional shape and dimensions. Moreover, since it can be implemented with equipment that applies a compressive force to the rubber 30, electrical equipment that requires a large-capacity capacitor, such as electromagnetic molding, is also unnecessary.

  As mentioned above, according to this method, two members can be joined, and multi-materialization can be executed easily at low cost. Therefore, as described above, this method can be used for members of various materials other than the two parts made of high tension steel and aluminum alloy. The same applies to the following embodiments.

  The material of the rubber 30 inserted inside the aluminum pipe 20 is preferably, for example, urethane rubber, chloroprene rubber, CNR rubber (chloroprene rubber + nitrile rubber), or silicon rubber. The hardness of these rubbers 30 is preferably 30 or more on Shore A.

  The insertion into the aluminum pipe 20 is not limited to the rubber 30. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a fluid sealing member 32 in which a gas or liquid is sealed may be used instead of the rubber 30. Further, any other material can be used as long as it can expand outward by a compressive force and expand and deform the aluminum pipe 20. Preferably, it is better to use a member that deforms equally, such as rubber 30, when it expands outward according to the compression force.

  4A and 4B, the shape and size of the hole 15 provided in the bottom wall 11 of the steel part 10 may not be similar to the cross-sectional shape of the aluminum pipe 20 to be fitted. . Specifically, the steel part 10 having a circular hole 15 as shown in FIG. 4A and the aluminum pipe 20 having a square section can be caulked and joined, and the steel part 10 having a square hole 15 as shown in FIG. 4B can be joined. The component 10 and the aluminum pipe 20 having a circular cross section can be caulked and joined.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, the hole 15 may be subjected to burring processing (flange-up) in order to prevent deformation of the steel part 10, reduce damage to the aluminum pipe 20, and improve caulking strength. . As the shape of the burring process, for example, various cross-sectional shapes as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C can be considered. In FIG. 5A, the radius of the shoulder 15a is increased. In FIG. 5B, the shoulder 15a is chamfered. In FIG. 5C, roll processing is adopted. Thereby, even when the strength of the steel part 10 is high, it is possible to effectively prevent the work cracking of the steel part 10.

  The direction of the burring process may be either upward or downward in the figure. Preferably, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 2A, it is better to form it downward in the drawing so that the portion bent and raised by the burring process does not appear on the surface of the steel part 10.

  As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the shape of the hole 15 to be subjected to burring may be various shapes such as a circle (see FIG. 6A) and a rectangle (see FIG. 6B). In particular, when the hole 15 is polygonal, as shown in FIG. 6B, the corner 15b can be prevented from cracking by cutting out the corner 15b and bending only the right side 15c.

(Second Embodiment)
7A and 7B is the same as that of the first embodiment of FIGS. 2A to 2D except for the portion related to the outer frame mold 41. Therefore, the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown to FIG. 7A, in this embodiment, the steel component 10 and the aluminum pipe 20 are caulked and joined using the outer frame metal mold | die 41. As shown in FIG. The outer frame mold 41 has a cylindrical shape concentric with the aluminum pipe 20. The outer frame mold 41 is disposed between the receiving seat 42 and the steel part 10 and outside the aluminum pipe 20. When set in the pressing device 40, a gap is provided between the aluminum pipe 20 and the outer frame mold 41. In this state, as shown in FIG. 7B, by pressing with the indenter 43, the inner shape of the outer frame mold 41 can be adjusted when the aluminum pipe 20 is enlarged and deformed.

  According to this method, as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, the inner surface shape of the outer frame mold 41 is a hexagonal shape (see FIG. 8B) or a cross shape (see FIG. 8C) in addition to the cylindrical shape (see FIG. 8A). It is possible to make various polygonal shapes as follows. These shapes can be appropriately selected from the viewpoint of component performance. For example, when the aluminum pipe 20 is a bumper stay which is one of the automobile parts, if the minute unevenness is given to the inner surface of the outer frame mold 41, the minute uneven shape is transferred to the aluminum pipe 20, It is possible to improve the absorption performance of collision energy at the time of collision.

(Third embodiment)
9A to 10B is the same as the first embodiment of FIGS. 2A to 2D except for the portion related to the enlarged deformation region 22 of the aluminum pipe 20. Therefore, the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 9A, in this embodiment, the length of the rubber 30 to be inserted into the aluminum pipe 20 is shortened, and the rubber 30 is disposed only in the vicinity of the joint portion of the aluminum pipe 20. The seat 42 has a cylindrical convex portion 42 a extending upward, and the convex portion 42 a is inserted into the aluminum pipe 20 and supports the rubber 30. That is, the lower end of the rubber 30 is in contact with the upper end of the convex portion 42a, and the upper end of the rubber 30 is in contact with the lower end of the indenter.

  According to this method, the outward expansion force does not act on the portion where the rubber 30 is not disposed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9B, the enlarged deformation region 22 of the aluminum pipe 20 is limited, and only the vicinity of the joint portion of the aluminum pipe 20 can be enlarged and deformed to be caulked and joined to the steel part 10. Whether the overall shape of the aluminum pipe 20 is deformed as in the first and second embodiments described above or whether the aluminum pipe 20 is partially deformed as in the present embodiment is appropriately selected depending on the relationship with the component performance. do it.

  As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, a cylindrical outer frame mold 44 that restricts expansion deformation may be disposed around the aluminum pipe 20. The outer frame mold 44 has an enlarged diameter portion 44a having a large inner diameter in the vicinity of the joint portion at the upper end so that only the vicinity of the joint portion is enlarged and deformed. The inner diameter other than the enlarged diameter portion 44a is approximately equal to the outer diameter of the aluminum pipe 20. Therefore, when the outer frame mold 44 is used, the enlarged deformation region 22 can be controlled with high accuracy so that only the vicinity of the joint portion of the aluminum pipe 20 is enlarged and deformed.

(Fourth embodiment)
The joining method of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B is the same as that of the third embodiment of FIGS. 10A and 10B except for the portion related to the shape of the indenter 43. Therefore, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown to FIG. 11A, the indenter 43 with which the press apparatus 40 of this embodiment is provided is a truncated cone shape tapering downward, and has the convex part 43a and the collar part 43b. In the drawing of the steel part 10, a large forming force may be required for the expansion deformation of the end portion 21 of the aluminum pipe 20 that protrudes upward. The deformation of the rubber 30 alone may cause insufficient caulking, or the rubber 30. In some cases, the durability of the large deformation may cause a problem. In such a case, the method of this embodiment is effective.

  As shown in FIG. 11B, at the end of molding, in the figure of the aluminum pipe 20 protruding upward from the steel part 10, the upper end portion 21 is pushed directly outward to the convex portion 43 a of the indenter 43 without the rubber 30. It is expanded and further bent toward the steel part 10. Thereby, it can caulk and join more firmly. Further, since an excessive load does not act on the rubber 30, the durability of the rubber 30 is improved.

(Fifth embodiment)
12A and 12B is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D except for the portions related to the shapes of the indenter 43 and the receiving seat 42. Therefore, the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 12A, in the present embodiment, the seat 42 includes a columnar convex portion 42a extending upward, and a collar portion 42b provided around the convex portion 42a. The indenter 43 includes a columnar convex portion 43a extending downward, and a flange portion 43b provided around the convex portion 43a. The convex portions 42a and 43a are inserted into the aluminum pipe 20, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 12B, the collar portions 42b and 43b abut against the respective end portions of the aluminum pipe 20 during pressing. Thereby, a compressive force is applied to the aluminum pipe 20 in the direction of the axis L by the flange portions 42b and 43b.

  According to this method, the aluminum pipe 20 can also be compressed in the direction of the axis L, so that expansion deformation in the outer direction of the aluminum pipe 20 can be assisted. That is, in combination with the expanding deformation force from the inside of the aluminum pipe 20 by the rubber 30, the aluminum pipe 20 can be expanded and deformed more securely and caulked.

  As shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, it is also effective to dispose the outer frame 45 outside the portion of the aluminum pipe 20 that is not enlarged and deformed (the end portion 21 in this embodiment). The outer frame 45 is cylindrical and is arranged around the end 21 of the aluminum pipe 20. By arranging the outer frame 45, the deformation of the end portion 21 of the aluminum pipe 20 is restricted, and the shape can be made according to the intended use.

(Sixth embodiment)
The configuration of the joining method of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 14A to 17B is the same as that of the first embodiment of FIGS. 2A to 2D except for the portion related to the number of joining portions. Therefore, the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 14A, in this embodiment, the steel part 10 and the aluminum pipe 20 are caulked and joined at two locations. The steel part 10 includes a bottom wall 11 that forms a closed section, an upper wall (second portion) 14 that is arranged in parallel to the bottom wall 11, and two side walls 12 and 13 that connect them. The bottom wall 11 is provided with a hole 15 (first hole). The upper wall 14 is provided with a hole 17 (second hole). As shown in FIG. 14B, the aluminum pipe 20 is caulked and joined to the two holes 15 and 17.

  FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional view during caulking. Of the caulking joints for the two holes 15 and 17, for the upper hole 17 in the figure, the end 21 of the aluminum pipe 20 is directed toward the steel part 10 by the indenter 43 as in the first embodiment. The aluminum pipe 20 is enlarged and deformed and crimped and joined. In the figure, the lower pipe 15 is caulked and joined by simply expanding and deforming the aluminum pipe 20.

  By caulking and joining at two locations as in the present embodiment, the joining strength can be further improved as compared with the case of caulking and joining at one location. In particular, the caulking and joining method using the rubber 30 is effective because the equipment used is the same as that in the caulking joining at one place, and can easily cope with caulking joining at a plurality of places.

  The shape of the steel part 10 or the aluminum pipe 20 when joining at two locations is not limited to this. For example, the steel part 10 may be a hat channel type as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, or may have another shape.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 17A, when caulking and joining, the entire aluminum pipe 20 may be freely enlarged and deformed. Using the outer frame mold 44 described with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B, as shown in FIG. 17B, only the vicinity of the joint portion of the aluminum pipe 20 may be enlarged and deformed to be joined by caulking.

(Seventh embodiment)
The joining method of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B is the same as that of the sixth embodiment of FIG. 16 except for the joining location and the portions related to the bead portions 12a and 13a. Accordingly, parts similar to those in the configuration shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, in the present embodiment, the steel part 10 is provided with bead portions 12a and 13a on two side walls 12 and 13, respectively. The bead portions 12a and 13a are inwardly convex and extend in the axis L direction. The aluminum pipe 20 is caulked and joined to all of the hole portion 15 of the bottom wall 11 and the bead portions 12 a and 13 a of the two side walls 12 and 13.

  As shown in FIG. 18B, the joint strength can be further improved by caulking and joining including the bead portions 12 a and 13 a of the side walls 12 and 13. Further, since the caulking and joining are performed including the bead portions 12a and 13a, the rotation of the aluminum pipe 20 relative to the component 10 can be restricted. Thus, bead parts 12a and 13a are effective also in prevention of rotation of aluminum pipe 20. Instead of this, it is also effective to give a notch shape to the edge of the hole 15 or prevent the aluminum pipe 20 from rotating in order to prevent the aluminum pipe 20 from rotating.

(Eighth embodiment)
The joining method of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is the same as that of the seventh embodiment of FIG. 18A except for the portion related to the rubber 30 being separated. Accordingly, the same parts as those shown in FIG. 18A are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 19, in this embodiment, the rubber 30 is separated in the vicinity of the hole 15. According to this method, since the rubber 30 is separated at the hole 15, that is, the joint, deformation of the hole 15 and the bottom wall 11 of the steel part 10 can be prevented. Specifically, since the rubber 30 is separated, an expansion deformation force is not applied to the hole 15, and the original shapes of the hole 15 and the bottom wall 11 can be maintained.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B, it is preferable to insert a plate-like plate 31 between the rubbers 30 separated at the joints inserted into the aluminum pipe 20. The material of the plate 31 may be any material such as metal or resin as long as it has a strength that does not deform due to the compressive force received from the rubber 30, and the thickness is preferably 15 mm or less.

  According to this method, since the plate 31 is present at the joint, the deformation of the hole 15 and the bottom wall 11 of the steel part 10 can be prevented more reliably. Since the plate 31 is not enlarged and deformed, an enlarged deformation force is not applied to the hole 15, and the original shapes of the hole 15 and the bottom wall 11 can be maintained.

  In FIG. 20A, the rubber 30 is separated and the plate 31 is disposed between them, but instead of this, the rubber 30 partially different in material as shown in FIG. 20B may be used. In FIG. 20B, the rubber is not separated but is integrated, but has a high hardness portion 30a in the vicinity of the joint. That is, the rubber 30 is formed with high hardness only in the vicinity of the joint. Therefore, the high hardness portion 30a plays the same role as the plate 31, and the original shapes of the hole 15 and the bottom wall 11 can be maintained.

(Ninth embodiment)
The joining method of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 21A to 22B is the same as that of the fifth embodiment of FIGS. 9A and 9B except for the part relating to the steel part 10 being replaced with a cylindrical resin tube part 50. It is the same. Therefore, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B, in this embodiment, a cylindrical resin tube component 50 having a flange at the upper end and the aluminum pipe 20 are caulked and joined. Like the resin cylinder component 50, the target member may not be plate-shaped and may not be made of metal. As described above, the aluminum pipe 20 is expanded and deformed by deforming the rubber 30 outward when the compression force in the direction of the axis L is applied. Therefore, it can be used not only for conductive materials but also for resin materials as in electromagnetic molding, and the shape is not limited to a plate shape.

  22A and 22B are cross-sectional views before and after caulking and joining of the resin cylinder part and the aluminum pipe of FIG. 21A. As shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B, the aluminum pipe 20 is enlarged and deformed at both ends of a cylindrical resin tube part 50 and is crimped and joined.

(10th Embodiment)
The example which implemented this invention about the bumper which is one of the motor vehicle parts is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIG. 23, a cylindrical aluminum stay (second member) 120 is caulked and joined to a steel bumper beam (first member) 110 having a closed section 111 at the center. The steel bumper beam 110 has openings 113 and 113 on both sides, and the openings 113 and 113 are divided by a partition 111. In FIG. 23, the top plate 114 (see FIG. 26A) of the steel bumper beam 110 is removed for explanation. As shown in FIG. 24A, in practice, a bulging jig 150 including a round bar-like rubber 130, a steel plate-like plate 131, and a thin round bar 140 made of steel is used. A through hole 112 into which a thin round bar 140 can be inserted is provided at the center of the rubber (elastic body) 130 and the plate-like plate 131. One end of the round bar 140 is provided with a collar 141 for preventing the rubber 130 from falling. The rubber 130 is divided into two parts, one of which is provided with a counterbore 132 on which the collar 141 of the round bar 140 can be locked. Then, a plate-like plate 131 is placed on the rubber 130 with the spot facing 132 facing downward, and the other rubber 130 is placed thereon, and the round bar 140 is inserted from below. The plate 131 is a circle having an outer diameter of φ83.5 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. The rubber 130 is a urethane rubber having an outer diameter of φ83.5 mm, a length of 50 mm, and a hardness of Shore A and 90.

  FIG. 24B shows a state in which the aluminum stay 120 is inserted into the hole (hole) 112 (see FIG. 23) provided in the steel bumper beam 110 and the bulging jig 150 described above is inserted into the aluminum stay 120. ing. As shown in FIG. 23, the steel bumper beam 110 is formed by rolling a 1470 MPa grade cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.4 mm into a closed cross-sectional shape having a partition 111 at the center by roll forming. A circular hole 112 having an outer diameter of φ90.2 mm is formed in the joint. At this time, a part of the central partition 111 is also removed. The aluminum stay 120 is a circular pipe made of an A6063 aluminum alloy and having a plate thickness of 3 mm, an outer diameter of φ90 mm, and a length of 150 mm.

  Next, the caulking process shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B will be described. FIG. 25A shows a state in which the steel bumper beam 110, the aluminum stay 120, and the bulging jig 150 are set on the lower mold 152, and the pushing jig 151 is arranged on the upper side. This state is set in the press device 40 (see FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D), the slide on which the pressing jig 151 is set is lowered, and a compressive force is applied to the rubber 130. At this time, pressing of the aluminum pipe 20 in the direction of the axis L as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B is not performed.

  FIG. 25B shows the situation when the slide is at bottom dead center. The rubber 130 is compressed by the pushing jig 151 and expanded and deformed in the horizontal direction, and the aluminum stay 120 is bulged. Since the plate-like plate 131 is inserted, an excessive force does not act on the joining surface of the steel bumper beam 110, unnecessary deformation is suppressed, and the caulking joining with high fitting accuracy is completed.

  26A and 26B show the steel bumper beam 110 and the aluminum stay 120 that have been caulked and joined. FIG. 26A is a sectional view showing a state in which the steel bumper beam 110 and the aluminum stay 120 are caulked and joined, and FIG. 26B is a sectional view taken along the line XXVI-XXVI. A feature of the present embodiment is that the center partition 111 can be caulked in addition to caulking in the hole 112 provided in the steel bumper beam 110 due to the deformation and expansion of the aluminum stay 120 by the rubber 130 shown in FIG. The strength is high.

(Eleventh embodiment)
In the joining method of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 27A to FIG. 27F, the configuration other than the aluminum pipe 20 having the partition wall 23 inside and the plurality of rubbers 30 inserted into the aluminum pipe 20 is shown in FIG. 9A and FIG. This is the same as the fifth embodiment of 9B. Therefore, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 9A to 9B are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 27A, the aluminum pipe 20 of the present embodiment includes an outer wall 24 having a rectangular cross section extending in the direction of the axis L, and a partition wall 23 provided inside the outer wall 24. The space inside the aluminum pipe 20 is divided into four by a cross-shaped partition wall 23 in plan view. By providing the partition wall 23 in this way, the strength of the aluminum pipe 20 can be improved. The cross-sectional shape is not limited to a quadrangle, and may be an arbitrary shape.

  As shown in FIGS. 27B and 27C, the indenter 43 of the present embodiment is provided with a notch 43 c according to the shape of the partition wall 23. By providing the notch 43c, the caulking can be completed without interfering with the aluminum pipe 20 even when the rubber 30 is pressed.

  Thus, since it crimps and joins using the some rubber | gum 30 (this embodiment four), the concentration of the stress accompanying a deformation | transformation can be prevented and the load with respect to the steel member 10 and the aluminum pipe 20 can be reduced.

  Further, the shape of the rubber 30 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 27D, the corners of the four rubbers 30 that are inserted may be rounded to reduce the load on the corners of the aluminum pipe 20 and prevent cracking and damage. As shown in FIG. 27E, C chamfering may be performed similarly to R chamfering. As shown in FIG. 27F, the shape of the four rubbers 30 to be inserted is columnar, but a steel L-shaped angle 46 may be disposed along the partition wall 23 inside the aluminum pipe 20. Thereby, the load concerning the partition wall 23 can be reduced and a deformation | transformation can be suppressed.

(Twelfth embodiment)
The joining method of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B is the same as that of the fifth embodiment of FIGS. 9A and 9B except for the components 10 and the aluminum pipe 20 being joined in an inclined state. is there. Therefore, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 9A to 9B are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, the aluminum pipe 20 of the present embodiment has an end face 25 that is inclined with respect to the axis L. The component 10 is bent and placed on the inclined surface 42c. The aluminum pipe 20 is placed in a state where the inclined end surface 25 is in contact with the inclined surface 42 c and is caulked and joined to the component 10. Therefore, the component 10 and the aluminum pipe 20 are caulked and joined in an inclined state. Both end faces 30b, 30c of the rubber 30 of the present embodiment are formed and arranged in parallel with the inclined end face 25 of the aluminum pipe 20. Further, the pressing surface 43 d of the indenter 43 is formed in parallel with the end surfaces 30 b and 30 c of the rubber 30.

  By doing in this way, it can respond to the caulking joining in the state which the component 10 and the aluminum pipe 20 which are often seen practically incline mutually. Specifically, by setting both end faces 30b, 30c of the rubber 30 to be the same as the joining angle, the rubber 30 is uniformly expanded and deformed, and the aluminum pipe 20 can be expanded uniformly.

(13th Embodiment)
29A to 29D, the joining method of this embodiment is the same as that of the fifth embodiment of FIGS. 9A and 9B except for joining in a state in which the deformation of the component 10 is constrained by the fixing jig 47. It is. Therefore, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 9A to 9B are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 29A and 29B, the component 10 of the present embodiment includes a bottom wall 11 and a standing wall portion 18 extending from the bottom wall 11 in the axis L direction. The aluminum pipe 20 may have a circular cross-sectional shape before caulking (see the broken line in FIG. 29A) or a rectangular shape (see the broken line in FIG. 29B), and the shape is not particularly limited. A fixing jig 47 for suppressing deformation is provided outside the component 10. The fixing jig 47 is disposed along the standing wall portion 18 and is fixed from the direction of the arrow in the figure so as not to move outward. In the present embodiment, the plate-like fixing jig 47 is used, but the shape of the fixing jig 47 is not limited to this, and may be any shape that can suppress deformation.

  As shown in FIG. 29C to FIG. 29E, when the fixing jig 47 is not provided, the component part 10 may be deformed to be warped when caulking (see FIG. 29D). However, by restraining the deformation of the component 10 by the fixing jig 47, it is possible to suppress deformation such as warping of the component 10 due to the pipe expansion deformation of the aluminum pipe 20 (see FIG. 29E).

10 Steel parts (first member)
11 Bottom wall (first part)
12, 13 Side wall 12a, 13a Bead part 14 Upper wall (2nd part)
15 hole (1st hole)
15a shoulder 15b corner 15c straight side 17 hole (second hole)
18 Standing wall 20 Aluminum pipe (second member)
21 End 22 Enlarged deformation area 23 Partition wall 24 Outer wall 25 End face 30 Rubber (elastic body)
30a High hardness portion 30b, 30c End face 31 Plate 32 Fluid sealing member 40 Press device 41 Outer frame die 42 Seat 42a Protruding part 42b Collar part 42c Inclined surface 43 Indenter 43a Convex part 43b Notch part 43c Notch part 43d Pressing surface 44 Out Frame mold 44a Expanded diameter portion 45 Outer frame 46 L-shaped angle 47 Fixing jig 50 Resin cylinder part 110 Steel bumper beam (first member)
111 partition 112 hole (hole)
113 Opening 114 Top plate 120 Aluminum stay (second member)
130 Rubber (elastic body)
131 Plate 132 Counterbore 140 Round Bar 141 Brim 150 Bulging Jig 151 Push Jig 152 Lower Die

Claims (13)

Preparing a first member having a first portion provided with a first hole and a hollow second member;
Inserting the second member through the first hole of the first member and penetrating the first portion;
Inserting an elastic body into the second member;
The elastic body is compressed in the axial direction of the second member and expanded from the inside to the outside, thereby enlarging and deforming at least a portion of the second member inserted through the first hole, thereby A method of joining members by caulking to a part.   The method for joining members according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the first hole portion of the first member and a cross-sectional shape of a portion inserted through the first hole portion of the second member are similar.   The outer frame mold is disposed outside the second member, and at least a part of the second member is molded so as to be along the outer frame mold and is joined by caulking. Member joining method.   The outer frame mold is disposed outside the second member, and the outer frame mold partially restricts the enlarged deformation of the second member and is joined by caulking. The method for joining members according to item.   The method for joining members according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the elastic body is compressed, the second member is also compressed in the axial direction.   The member joining method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an edge of the first hole is burring processed.   The convex bead part is formed in the surface different from the surface in which the said 1st hole part is provided toward the said axial direction, and it crimps and joins including the said bead part. The method for joining members according to any one of the above.   The said 1st member is provided with the 2nd part which has a 2nd hole part, and it crimps and joins with the said 2nd member in the said 1st hole part and the said 2nd hole part, The any one of Claims 1-7. The method for joining members described in 1.   The member joining method according to claim 1, wherein the elastic body is separated at a joint portion between the first member and the second member.   The member joining method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a plate is inserted between the separated elastic bodies. The second member is provided with a partition wall on the inner side, and includes an outer wall extending in the axial direction.
The member joining method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a plurality of the elastic bodies are inserted into a space partitioned by the partition wall and joined by caulking. The second member includes an end surface inclined with respect to the axis,
The method for joining members according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein both end surfaces of the elastic body in the axial direction are parallel to the inclined end surfaces. The first member includes a standing wall portion parallel to the axis,
The member joining method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the deformation of the upright wall portion is restrained by a fixing jig and is joined by caulking.

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