JP2016114717A - Automatic playing device and automatic playing method of percussion instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic playing device capable of easily reproducing such a sound quality as obtained by actual playing by a player, using control means such as an existing MIDI standard.SOLUTION: An automatic playing device of a percussion instrument for automatically playing the percussion instrument on the basis of music data includes: striking means for striking a sound production unit of the percussion instrument to produce a sound ; driving means for driving the striking means to make it strike the sound production unit; controlling means for outputting a drive command signal to the driving means on the basis of the music data; and imparting means of gate time for imparting an ON/OFF time interval to the drive command signal output from the controlling means. The striking force to the sound production unit by the striking means may be kept constant.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention includes drums, drum sets (snare drums, bass drums, toms, floor toms, cymbals, etc.), tambourines, triangles, wood blocks, cowbells, timepieces, claves, wooden fish, bongo, timpani, percussion instruments, xylophone, iron The present invention relates to an automatic performance apparatus and an automatic performance method for automatically performing keyboard percussion instruments (collectively referred to as “percussion instruments”) such as koto, marimba, xylophone, glocken, vibrahorn, and piano based on music data.

The MIDI standard is a universal standard for digitally transferring music data between devices, and attempts have been made to automatically play musical instruments based on music data created using such a standard (for example, patents). References 1-4).
In any of the automatic performance apparatuses and methods described in these documents, a hitting means such as a stick is operated by using a driving means such as a solenoid, and a sound generation part of a percussion instrument such as a drum is hit to produce a sound.

The technique described in Patent Document 1 is intended to reduce the performance of human performance when playing a plurality of percussion instruments (see the description in paragraph 0003). When the set time is reached, the drive means is driven to operate the stick to generate sound.
The technique described in Patent Document 2 is intended to enable a percussion instrument such as a drum to be struck continuously, and is characterized by reproducing the striking force and gripping force of a player holding a stick using two sensors. Yes.

  In the technique described in Patent Document 3, when a hammer, which is a hitting means, is energized toward a chime or a bell using a solenoid, if the number of solenoids increases, the number of power supply devices increases accordingly. Solenoid drive control means for solving the purpose of increasing the size (see the description in paragraph 0003) and driving the solenoid in accordance with an on event of performance information (music data) input from a MIDI musical instrument, MIDI sequencer or the like It is characterized by providing.

  The technique described in Patent Document 4 is intended to perform the drums with fewer arms than the number of drums (see paragraph 0006), and the type and striking point of the drum depending on the pitch of the MIDI standard music data. It is characterized in that an operation time determination unit is provided that specifies the position (see the description in paragraph 0008) and determines the operation time of the driving means such as a solenoid from the note length of the note data (see the description in paragraph 0010). Here, the “operation time” described in this document is calculated from the position and note length of the arm and drum, the moving distance and moving speed of the arm (see the description after the paragraph 0010). In addition, since the volume of the drum is determined by the speed at which the arm strikes the drum, the drum has a drive data creation unit that varies the swing-up width of the arm depending on the volume (see the description in paragraph 0011).

JP-A-6-51755 JP 7-319457 A JP 2001-5449 A JP 2008-26724 A

  By the way, since percussion instruments such as drums are one-shot single notes, the MIDI setting is such that one percussion instrument is placed in one note number, and a predetermined percussion instrument is pronounced by specifying the note number. It has become. Note that the intensity of the sound can be adjusted by setting the velocity value in the percussion instrument.

  However, even if a drive signal is transmitted from the MIDI standard control means to the drive means according to the note number, it is difficult to reproduce the sound quality that a performer actually plays a percussion instrument. It is also difficult to reproduce sophisticated performances such as open rim shots on drums.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems. Sound quality that a performer actually performs can be easily reproduced by a control means such as an existing MIDI standard, and an advanced rim shot such as an open rim shot can be realized. An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic performance device and method for a percussion instrument that enables performance.

The inventor of the present invention has studied the problem in the case where drive control of a drive body such as a solenoid is performed with a velocity value. The result is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 8A, the vertical axis represents the velocity value (V) and the horizontal axis represents time (T). The three bars arranged on the time axis are the first sound hit, the second sound hit, and the third sound hit in order from the right.
When the velocity value (V) of each hit becomes larger than a certain level, the sound generation time of each hit becomes longer, and the next adjacent sound may not be produced. For example, in the example of FIG. 8A, since the velocity value (V) of the second sound is large, the sound generation time (T) becomes long, the second sound overlaps with the third sound in the region indicated by symbol I, and the third sound The sound is not pronounced properly.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research and found that the above overlap problem can be solved by introducing the concept of gate time into the performance of percussion instruments.
FIG. 8B shows a sounding state when gate time is introduced to the percussion instrument performance. In the example of FIG. 8B, the velocity value (V) is constant. As can be seen from FIG. 8B, the problem that the next adjacent sound is not produced can be avoided by introducing the gate time into the performance of the percussion instrument.

Specifically, the automatic performance device according to claim 1 is a percussion automatic performance device that automatically performs percussion instruments based on music data. Driving means for driving and hitting the sound generating unit, control means for outputting a drive command signal to the drive means based on the music data, and ON / OFF time for the drive command signal output from the control means Gate time providing means for providing an interval.
In this way, by introducing the concept of gate time to the performance of percussion instruments, it is possible to perform an automatic performance close to a live performance.
In this case, as described in claim 2, a striking force maintaining means for maintaining a constant striking force against the sound generation portion by the striking means may be provided. As the striking force maintaining means, a velocity value can be used in the MIDI standard, and it is preferable to give the gate time while keeping this velocity value constant.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there may be provided a gate time adjusting means for changing the gate time in response to a change in an output value relating to the impact force. In this case, for example, the maximum value (for example, 127) of the velocity value (V) for specifying the striking force is set to 100%, and when the velocity value is changed to 50%, the gate time is changed in accordance with the rate of change. Also good.
By doing so, it is possible to realize a percussion instrument performance that is closer to life.

  As recited in claim 4, the driving means may be provided at a plurality of locations of the striking means. And, as described in claim 5, each of the drive means is configured such that the drive start time of at least one of the drive means is relatively earlier than the drive start time of the other drive means. By providing the drive timing adjusting means for adjusting the drive timing of the drive means, the movement of the striking means can be diversified. Further, as described in claim 6, by providing the position of the driving means so as to be adjustable, the striking force and the striking timing can be adjusted, and various performances can be performed by combining with the above means. Is possible.

  In the present invention, the gate time of the specified percussion instrument is, as described in claim 7, calculated for each percussion instrument in a ratio between the speed of the percussion instrument based on the music data and the note resolution accuracy of the control means. You may make it obtain | require by integrating | accumulating the setting value set according to the kind of. For example, in the case where the speed of music of a certain percussion instrument is a quarter note (120 times / minute = 500 ms / time), when the resolution precision of the note of the control means is 480, the percussion instrument is set to 500/480. It is possible to obtain approximately 20 ms by integrating the set value (for example, 20). Such a gate time calculation can be performed by a gate time calculation means that is integrated with or separate from the control means.

According to an automatic performance method of the present invention, a percussion instrument performance method for performing percussion instrument performance automatically based on music data, and a percussion means for striking and generating a percussion instrument's sounding portion. A driving means for driving the sounding portion by driving means and a control means for outputting a driving command signal to the driving means based on the music data, and the driving command signal output from the control means An on / off time interval (gate time) is applied to the sound generating unit as a method for adjusting the sound output from the sound generating unit. It may be kept constant. According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the ON / OFF time interval may be changed in accordance with a change in an output value related to the impact force.

In addition, as described in claim 11, the driving means is provided at a plurality of locations of the striking means, and the driving start time of at least one of the driving means is relatively different from the other driving means. The drive timing of each of the drive means may be adjusted so as to be earlier than the drive start time. In this way, more diverse and complex performances are possible.
In addition, as described in claim 12, if the arrangement position of the driving means is changed, it is possible to adjust the striking force, the striking timing, and the like. Can be performed.
In the present invention, the ON / OFF time interval of the designated percussion instrument is, for example, a ratio between the speed of the percussion instrument based on the music data and the note resolution accuracy of the control means. In addition, the set value set according to the type of each percussion instrument may be integrated.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a percussion instrument automatic performance apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of music data, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are percussion instruments. It is the schematic explaining an example of the striking means and the drive means for that.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic performance device 1 for a percussion instrument according to this embodiment includes a music data storage unit 11 for storing music data, and music data such as music data such as gate time, velocity value, and event time. An input unit 12 for setting and changing various conditions included, a display unit 13 such as a display for displaying input data and output results from the music data and the input unit 12, a MIDI sequencer and a batting controller Etc., and a control unit 14a that outputs a performance command signal to a specified instrument according to the music data read from the music data storage unit 11, and a performance command signal output from the control unit 14a is a percussion instrument specified in advance. At a certain time, a gate time giving unit 14b for giving a preset gate time to the performance command signal of the percussion instrument, A gate time storage unit 14c for storing a percussion instrument for giving time and a gate time to be given, and a driver S1 for driving a solenoid or the like as a driving body for percussion instruments A to D according to a performance command signal to which the gate time is given. To S4.

The music data storage unit 11 can use a personal computer (PC), and the input unit 12 can use a keyboard or a touchpad. The control unit 14a can use a known MIDI sequencer, and the gate time storage unit 14c can use the MIDI sequencer or a storage unit built in the PC.
The gate time giving unit 14b may give a gate time (ON / OFF time interval of the driving body) according to the code according to the code included in the music data, and may be included in the control unit 14a. Good. In the illustrated example, the MIDI controller 14 includes the control unit 14a, the gate time providing unit 14b, and the gate time storage unit 14c. However, for example, the MIDI controller 14 may include the music data storage unit 11. Alternatively, the gate time storage unit 14 c and the gate time giving unit 14 b may be provided separately from the MIDI controller 14.

  The music data according to the MIDI standard is publicly known and generally has a table of contents and a data section. The table of contents refers to a song such as a song start address, song data length, song time, song title, etc. Necessary data is stored, and actual music data is stored in the data portion.

FIG. 2 is an example of music data of two drums to which gate time is given.
In the upper row, the vertical axis indicates the type of sound, and the horizontal axis indicates the event time (time). The sound generation timing (event) of the two drums is indicated by white and black dots.
The lower graph is a graph in which the vertical axis represents the velocity value and the horizontal axis represents the gate time, and corresponds to the event (dot) in the upper table on a one-to-one basis.
In this embodiment, the velocity values of the two drums are set to be constant, the velocity value of one drum is set to 120, and the velocity value of the other drum is set to 30.

  Each event has a code for giving a gate time. The gate time corresponding to the code is read from the gate time storage unit 14c, and the gate time is given to the corresponding event by the gate time giving unit 14b. Is done. The gate time is appropriately selected according to the type of sound, but an appropriate gate time can be obtained by experiment or the like for each type of sound. Also, the setting value set according to the type of each percussion instrument is integrated into the ratio between the speed of the percussion instrument based on the music data and the note resolution accuracy of the control unit 14a (480 for general MIDI). By doing so, the gate time may be obtained. Through such experiments and calculations, for example, the snare drum (setting value 25) constituting the drum set can be set to about 25 ms, and the bass drum (setting value 45) can be set to about 45 ms.

  When the performance is started, the music data is read from the music data storage unit 11 to the control unit 14a, and an event included in the music data is started over time. The control unit 14a determines whether or not the started event is a percussion instrument. If the event is a percussion instrument, the control unit 14a determines whether or not the event includes information on the gate time. If information (code) related to the gate time is included, the gate time corresponding to the code is read from the gate time storage unit 14c, and the gate time is given to the corresponding event by the gate time giving unit 14b. Then, a performance command signal is distributed from the gate time giving unit 14b to a predetermined percussion instrument driving means.

FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are schematic views showing an example of driving means for driving a drum or a triangle stick to strike a sound generating portion.
In the example of FIG. 3A, the base portion of the stick 21 is rotatably supported by the support shaft 23, and the middle portion of the stick 21 is guided in the up-and-down direction by the guide 24. The guide 24 is provided with a stopper 24a, which determines an initial position when the stick 21 is returned. Further, a rod 22a that can move forward and backward of a solenoid 22 that is a driving body is in contact with the stick 21 in front of the support shaft 23 (left side in the figure). The return of the stick 21 to the initial position is performed by the biasing force of the return spring 25.
A sound absorbing material such as a sponge for absorbing the impact sound generated when the rod 22a contacts the stick 21 may be attached to the tip of the rod 22a or the portion of the stick 21 that contacts the rod 22a.

3B differs from the example of FIG. 3A in that the solenoid 22 is disposed laterally behind the stick 21 and extends from the base of the stick 21 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the stick 21. The rod 22a of the solenoid 22 is in contact with 21a. In this example, the ascending / descending of the stick 21 is guided by bringing the base of the stick 21 formed wide along a vertical surface (guide surface) (not shown).
A sound absorbing material such as a sponge for absorbing impact sound generated when the rod 22a comes into contact with the arm 21a may be attached to the tip of the rod 22a or the arm 21a.
In the example of FIG. 4A, a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) solenoids 22 are provided on the stick 21 of the example of FIG. Thus, by adding one or more solenoids 22, the strength of the striking force by the stick 21 can be increased.

If the positions of the solenoids 22 and 22 can be adjusted, it is possible to adjust the push-down depth (stroke) of the stick 21, the striking force of the stick 21, the timing of the striking, and the like. Performance is possible.
Therefore, in the example of FIG. 4B, two solenoids 22 and 22 are attached to a slide guide 26 provided in the horizontal direction so that the position can be adjusted. That is, the mounting bolts 22b and 22b of the solenoids 22 and 22 are provided so as to pass through the long holes 26a formed in the longitudinal direction of the slide guide 26, and the mounting bolts are positioned after the solenoids 22 and 22 are positioned on the slide guide 26. 22b and 22b are tightened.
In addition, by making it possible to adjust the height positions of the plurality of solenoids 22 and 22, it is possible to adjust the push-down depth, striking force, and striking timing of the stick 21. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 4B, a long hole 22c for inserting the mounting bolts 22b and 22b into the solenoids 22 and 22 may be formed.

3A, 4B, and 4A and 4B, when the solenoid 22 is driven, the rod 22a extends to rotate the stick 21 counterclockwise around the support shaft 23 as a fulcrum. Move. As a result, the front end of the stick 21 moves downward and strikes the sound generating unit 31 of a percussion instrument such as a drum, thereby generating sound. The drive of the solenoid 22 is maintained for the time specified by the gate time, but at the same time as the gate time is up, the drive of the solenoid 22 is stopped by note-off, and the stick 21 is returned to the initial position by the biasing force of the spring 25.

In the example shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 4A and 4B, an “open rim shot” that strikes the drum rim 32 and the sounding portion 31 simultaneously is also possible. Although not shown in particular, by changing the position of the support shaft 23 with the stick 21 turned in the opposite direction, a “closed rim shot” is possible in which the rim is hit with the tip of the sounding portion 31 in contact. .

Further, when a plurality of solenoids 22 and 22 are provided as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, various performances and sound of hitting sounds can be generated by shifting the drive timing of the solenoids 22 and 22, respectively. become. An example of control means for performing such control is shown in FIG.
5 differs from the control means shown in FIG. 1 in that the drivers S1A and S1B (or S2A and S2B) of the plurality of solenoids 22 and 22 have drivers S1A and S1B (or other than the gate time). S2A, S2B) are provided with a drive timing providing unit 14d that provides a delay time (timing deviation), and the gate time and timing are stored instead of the gate time storage unit 14c in the control means shown in FIG. The gate time and drive timing storage unit 14e is provided. In this embodiment, the drive timing adjustment unit is configured by the drive timing applying unit 14d and the gate time and drive timing storage unit 14e. The gate time and timing storage unit 14e may be included in the music data storage unit 11 or may be a part of the storage unit of the control unit 14a.

  If comprised in this way, the gate time and the relative delay time (timing shift | offset | difference) of the two solenoids 22 and 22 can be provided to the performance command signal with respect to the predetermined | prescribed percussion instrument output from the control part 14a. .

6 and 7 are block diagrams according to still other embodiments of the present invention.
In the embodiment of FIG. 6, a gate time adjusting unit 14g that adjusts the gate time in accordance with the fluctuation of the velocity value is provided. For example, when the velocity value of a designated percussion instrument is changed from 100% to 50%, the gate time adjustment unit 14g performs an operation of changing the gate time of the percussion instrument to, for example, 50% according to the change ratio. . By changing the gate time in conjunction with the velocity value, it becomes possible to reproduce a wider variety of performances.
The gate time adjustment unit 14g may be integrated with the control unit 14a or may be a separate body. The gate time obtained by the gate time adjusting unit 14g is written into the gate time storage unit 14c (in the example of FIG. 5, the gate time and drive timing storage unit 14e) by the control unit 14a.

In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the gate time is obtained by adding the set value set according to the type of each percussion instrument to the ratio between the speed of the percussion instrument based on the music data and the note resolution accuracy of the control unit 14a. A gate time calculation unit 14h to be obtained is provided. This gate time calculation unit 14h is, for example, in the case where the speed of music of a certain percussion instrument is a quarter note (120 times / minute = 500 ms / time), and the note resolution accuracy of the control unit 14a is 480. The gate time is obtained as 40 ms (or 50 ms) by adding the set values (for example, 40 or 50) set for each percussion instrument to 500/480.
The gate time calculation unit 14h may be integrated with the control unit 14a or may be a separate body. The gate time obtained by the gate time calculation unit 14h is written by the control unit 14a to the gate time storage unit 14c (in the example of FIG. 5, the gate time and drive timing storage unit 14e).

Although a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described, the present invention is not limited to the above description. The present invention greatly expands the varieties of automatic performance, enabling open rim shots and closed rim shots, as well as making the gate time slightly longer, so that the sound with the sounding part pressed a little after hitting Can also be reproduced. It is also possible to reproduce jazz stick brush performance by attaching a brush to the tip of the stick.
4 shows a case where two solenoids 22 are provided, the number of solenoids 22 may be three or more. Further, when a plurality of solenoids 22, 22... Are provided, it is possible to control so that only some of the solenoids 22 are driven and other solenoids 22 are not driven according to the performance.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reproduce the performance of a percussion instrument that has been difficult to reproduce until now, adjust the gate time appropriately, and adjust the drive timing of a plurality of solenoids (drive means). By doing so, it is also possible to create new sounds.
Further, for example, by using a known skeleton recognition technique or the like, the movement of the human body photographed by the camera is converted into data and input to the input unit 12, so that a performance similar to a performance is performed without hitting a percussion instrument. It is also possible to cause a percussion instrument to sound and perform an actual performance.

  The automatic performance apparatus and automatic performance method of the present invention include drums, drum sets (snare drums, bass drums, toms, floor toms, cymbals, etc.), tambourines, triangles, wood blocks, cowbells, beat trees, claves, wooden fishes, bongos, timpanis, etc. In addition to the above percussion instruments, it can be widely applied to the automatic performance of keyboard percussion instruments such as xylophone, iron koto, marimba, xylophone, glocken, vibrahorn, and piano.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a percussion instrument automatic performance device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows an example of music data. It is the schematic explaining an example of the drive means for the stick which sounds a percussion instrument. It is the schematic explaining the other example of the drive means for the stick which sounds a percussion instrument. It is a block diagram explaining the structure concerning the automatic musical instrument for percussion instruments according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram concerning other embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram concerning other embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the principle of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Music data storage part 12 Input part 13 Display part 14 MIDI controller 14a Control part 14b Gate time provision part 14c Gate time storage part 14d Drive timing provision part 14e Gate time and drive timing storage part 14g Gate time adjustment part 14h Gate time calculation Part 21 Stick (blowing means)
22 Solenoid (drive means)
22a Rod 22b Mounting bolt 22c Long hole 23 Support shaft 23a Arm 24 Guide 24a Stopper 25 Spring 26 Slide guide 26a Long hole 31 Sound generating part 32 Rim S driver

Claims (13)

In a percussion instrument automatic performance device that automatically performs percussion instruments based on music data,
A striking means for striking and sounding the percussion instrument's sound generator,
Driving means for driving the striking means to strike the sound generating unit;
Control means for outputting a drive command signal to the drive means based on the music data;
Gate time providing means for providing an ON / OFF time interval to the drive command signal output from the control means;
An automatic performance device for percussion instruments, comprising: The percussion instrument automatic performance device according to claim 1, wherein the striking force of the sounding unit by the percussion means is kept constant. 2. The percussion instrument automatic performance device according to claim 1, further comprising gate time adjusting means for changing the gate time in response to a change in an output value related to the percussive force. The percussion instrument automatic performance device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the driving means is provided at a plurality of locations of the percussion means. Drive timing adjustment that adjusts the drive timing of each of the drive means such that the drive start time of at least one of the drive means is relatively earlier than the drive start time of the other drive means. 5. A percussion instrument automatic performance device according to claim 4, further comprising means. 6. The percussion instrument automatic performance device according to claim 1, wherein the position of the driving means is adjustable. A gate for obtaining the gate time by adding a set value set according to the type of each percussion instrument to the ratio between the speed of the percussion instrument based on the music data and the note resolution accuracy of the control means. 7. A percussion instrument automatic performance device according to claim 1, further comprising a time calculation means. In a percussion instrument performance method that automatically performs percussion instruments based on music data,
A striking means for striking a sounding part of a percussion instrument, a driving means for driving the striking means to strike the sounding part, and a control means for outputting a drive command signal to the driving means based on the music data And prepare
Adjusting the sound output from the sound generating unit by giving an ON / OFF time interval to the drive command signal output from the control means;
An automatic performance method for percussion instruments. 9. The percussion instrument automatic performance method according to claim 8, wherein a time interval of ON / OFF is given while maintaining a constant hitting force on the sound generation unit by the hitting means. 9. The percussion instrument automatic performance method according to claim 8, wherein the ON / OFF time interval is changed in accordance with a change in an output value related to the percussion force. The drive means is provided at a plurality of locations of the striking means, and the drive start time of at least one of the drive means is relatively earlier than the drive start time of the other drive means. The percussion instrument automatic performance method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the drive timing of each of said drive means is adjusted. The percussion instrument automatic performance method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein a batting force or a batting timing is adjusted by changing an arrangement position of the driving means. The ON / OFF time is obtained by adding a set value set according to the type of each percussion instrument to the ratio between the speed of the percussion instrument based on the music data and the note resolution accuracy of the control means. The automatic performance device for a percussion instrument according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein an interval is obtained.