JP2016109658A - Charged particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nuclear fusion power generator and a mobile body propulsion device that perform pure nuclear fusion reaction not generating dangerous radiation such as radioactive substances and neutrons.SOLUTION: A nuclear fusion reactor includes means that comprises: two sets of charged particle beam generators, makes charged particle beams face and collide with each other at the center of a vacuum container 55 at speed exceeding the Coulomb barrier determined by the combination of fuel atoms to cause nuclear fusion reaction, and directly obtains energy generated by the nuclear fusion reaction as electric energy on the basis of the principle of an electromagnetic induction action from the kinetic energy of charged particles (part of the energy is taken out as heat); and propulsion means for a mobile body.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a nuclear fusion power generation apparatus that does not contain a radioactive substance and performs a pure nuclear fusion reaction, and a propulsion apparatus for a moving body.

Regarding power generation using fission reaction, the danger was strongly recognized due to the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima Prefecture that occurred in 2011.
Research on nuclear power generation using nuclear fusion has been carried out energetically all over the world, but there is no safe method that has established a prospect for practical use.

Currently, research on nuclear fusion reactors is underway, including magnetic plasma confinement with a fuel containing radioactive material and inertial fusion with laser irradiation.
“DD” reaction (deuterium-to-deuterium fusion reaction) and “DT” reaction (deuterium-tritium fusion reaction), which are aimed at self-ignition of fusion reactions Research on fusion reactions involving radioactive materials such as

  There are also studies using charged particle beams, but they are mainly for heating magnetically confined fusion plasmas or for irradiating inertial fusion pellets instead of laser beams. There is no research on the method of generating a fusion reaction by colliding each other.

In addition, the method using plasma has a drawback that if a fusion product is accumulated in the plasma, the fusion reaction becomes complicated and the radioactive material increases.
Also, many fusion reactors currently being studied require a process for converting heat into electricity, which increases the scale of the plant and reduces the efficiency of conversion to electricity.

Research has already been conducted on a magnetic plasma confinement type nuclear fusion reactor that can directly extract energy as electricity. However, since a reaction containing radioactive materials such as tritium is used, there remains a problem in safety.

Apparatus for generating directional ion beam from gas or liquid Patent application title: Fusion Reactor for Power Controlled fusion and direct energy conversion in magnetic reversal configuration 2009-512985 Continuous Pulse Traveling Wave Accelerator Two particle beam accelerators for causing a collision Patent application title: ENERGY-CONTAINING CAPILLY, ENERGY APPARATUS, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD Application 2014139227 Volume variable axial flow screw pump and external combustion engine

Study of D-3He fusion in LHD http://www.nifs.ac.jp/report/NIFS-MEMO-021. pdf Feasibility of fusion reactor viewed from tritium: http://www.jspf.or.jp/Journal/PDF_JSF/jspf2011_08/jspf2011_08-503. pdf Advanced Fuel D-3He Study of experimental rules of artemis direct energy conversion in fusion http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSPF_TEXT / jspf2008 / jspf2008_02 / jspf2008_02-117-jp. pdf Computer simulation of traveling wave type direct energy converter http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSPF_TEXT / jspf 1999 / jspf 1999_12 / jspf 1999_12-1396-jp. pdf 1. Necessity and requirements of D-3He fusion http: // jassx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jsfp 1995_06-471. pdf 2. Physical properties of D-3He fusion reaction http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSPF_TEXT / jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-475. pdf 3. D-3He fusion reactor and FRC system http://jassx.ils.uec.ac.jp/JSPF/JSFF_TEXT/jspf1995/jspf1995_06/jspf1995_06-481. pdf 4). Generation of FRC plasma http://jassx.ils.uec.ac.jp/JSPF/JPFF_TEXT/jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-491. pdf 7). Direct energy conversion http://jassx.ils.uec.ac.jp/JSPF/JSFF_TEXT/jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-516. pdf 8). D-3He Fusion Fuel Siztem http://jassx.ils.uec.ac.jp/JSPF/JSPF_TEXT/jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-522. pdf 9. Helium 3 resource [1] http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-526. pdf

D3He fusion-generated proton energy distribution and direct energy conversion http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf2002 / jspf2002_07 / jspf2002_07-685. pdf Estimated neutron generation from 3He3He fusion reaction plasma: http: // jassx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JPFF_TEXT / jspf1990 / jspf1990_11 / jspf1990_11-430. pdf 3He Advanced Fuel Fusion Prospects http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSPF_TEXT / jspf 1989 / jspf 1989_01 / jspf 1989_01-5. pdf 3. Use of plasma at the collision point of linear collider http: // jassx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf1994 / jspf1994_04 / jspf1994_04-362. pdf 4). Let's turn on atmospheric pressure plasma http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf2008 / jspf2008_01 / jspf2008_01-19. pdf Refinement of low-frequency pulse-driven atmospheric pressure plasma jet and time-resolved measurement http: // www. jspf. or. jp / jspf_annual09 / JSPF26 / pdf / 1pD17P. pdf Generation of low-velocity multiply charged ion microbeams using the guide effect of glass capillaries http: // beam. spring8. or. jp / localfs / beam_Web / Proceedings / Proceedings_2008 / Ikeda. pdf Generation of nano-sized reaction field using atmospheric pressure plasma jet with nanocapillary http: // www. jspf. or. jp / jspf_annual10 / JSPF27 / pdf / 03P26. pdf SuperKEKB accelerator http: //www.SuperKEKB for unprecedented luminosity kek. jp / ja / PublicRelations / DigitalLibrary / 2011618_1_Akai. pdf KEKB accelerator unprecedented luminosity achieved http: // www-acc. kek. jp / kekb / Talk / oide / 10% 5E34. pdf Development of double nozzle type powder jet deposition device http: // lcdev. kek. jp / MechWS / 2007 / MW07-09 Yoshihara. pdf Acceleration of plasma by magnetism (plasma gun and magnetic traveling wave piston) https: // www. jstage. jst. go. jp / article / jspf1958 / 8/3 / 8_3_235 / _pdf

  The problem to be solved is that many fusion reactors that are currently being researched take out energy as enormous heat, are difficult to use in mobile objects, and use nuclear reactions involving radioactive materials. Therefore, there is a problem with safety.

  This invention selectively uses only the nuclear fusion reaction that does not generate dangerous radiation such as radioactive materials and neutrons, and as a means for directly converting the energy generated by the fusion reaction into a form other than heat, The present invention proposes a means (power conversion means) that directly acquires kinetic energy as electric energy and a propulsion means for a moving body.

Table 1 shows fusion reactions and generation energies using deuterium nuclei 2H (deuterium D) and tritium nuclei 3H (tritium T) as fuel.
Table 1 Examples of well-known fusion reactions
Although the fusion reaction containing tritium (3H, T) was purposely listed, neutron n and tritium nucleus 3H (T) were included, and tritium was 3.6 × 10 ¹⁴ Bq per 1 g, half-life 12. It is a radioactive material that is gaseous at room temperature, which emits weak β-rays for 3 years and decays into helium 3, but is extremely dangerous when exposed internally.
In fusion reactors using these nuclear reactions, according to Non-Patent Document 2, it is necessary to simultaneously remove tritium (3H, T) from the plasma in the reactor in parallel with the operation. If a serious accident occurs, there is a risk that the tritium (3H, T) in the reactor will be scattered like the fission reactor.

  Although the total amount of tritium (3H, T) contained in the contaminated water generated by the Fukushima nuclear accident is less than 1 gram, the contaminated water accumulates but cannot be collected. As shown in Non-Patent Document 10, in order to operate a practical nuclear fusion reactor using the “DT” reaction of about 200 MW, it is necessary to handle several tens of kilograms of tritium (3H, T) as fuel. However, even if the hydrogen storage alloy is used to avoid the risk of scattering, the stored material may be more dangerous than the nuclear fission reactors that have been in operation since the radioactive material in the reactor and during the separation process may be scattered. It should be recognized that this is a highly efficient plant.

  Neutrons n can react with heavy nuclei and have played a central role in fission reactions in fission reactors. The neutron n itself decays in an average of 15 minutes, so it is thought that the effect disappears in a short time after the operation of the fusion reactor is stopped, but it has a large effect on the reactor wall, such as embrittlement of the core wall. . Moreover, since neutron n does not have an electric charge, a means for directly extracting energy as electricity cannot be used.

Table 2 is a list of fusion reactions using a fuel containing helium trinuclear 3He that does not generate radioactive material.
Table 2 Examples of pure fusion reactions
In the “D-3He” reaction, energy of about 18 MeV is released in the form of flying helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) and hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton or proton particle p).
In “3He-3He”, energy of about 13 MeV is released in the form of flight of helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) and two hydrogen nuclei 1H (proton or proton particle p).
These two types of fusion reactions are fusion reactions that do not contain radioactive materials and release only charged particles, so as proposed in Non-Patent Documents 3, 4, 9, 12, etc., Means for obtaining directly as electrical energy can be used.

In order to generate a nuclear fusion reaction, it is necessary to peel off the electrons of the fuel material to form charged particles, and then make them collide at a velocity exceeding the Coulomb barrier of the nucleus.
For a Coulomb barrier of about 575 keV for the “D-3He” reaction, the production energy is about 18 times about 18 MeV.
For the Coulomb barrier of about 1150 keV for the “3He-3He” reaction, the generated energy is about 13 times about 13 MeV.
The energy required for generating and accelerating the charged particle beam is required to be less than the energy that can be extracted as electric energy. This corresponds to a kind of critical condition of a fusion reactor.

Regarding the method of colliding the deuterium 2H (D) beam and the helium 3 nucleus 3He beam at a speed exceeding the Coulomb barrier, there are many facilities as a collision experiment facility for elementary particle research using a particle accelerator. Although the reaction rate itself is low, as shown in Non-Patent Documents 20, 21, etc., nuclear reactions can be reliably generated at the research level.
If the beam density is low, the probability of causing a nuclear fusion reaction is small, and it cannot be established as a commercial power facility. In order to put it into practical use as a commercial power facility, it is necessary to increase the power of the beam and to accurately converge the beam, and to achieve a stable nuclear fusion reaction by colliding particles that greatly exceed 3.3% (in the case of “D-3He” reaction). And each part is required to be efficient.

In order not to emit radioactive materials, it is necessary to prevent fusion reactions other than specific reactions. Non-Patent Document 13 shows that the reactions shown in Table 3 occur side by side as side reactions when a beam of helium trinuclear 3He is implanted into a plasma of helium trinuclear 3He.
Secondary fusion reactions include gamma rays γ, beryllium Be, and lithium Li.
Table 3 Side reactions of plasma fusion

With a method in which charged particle (fuel particle) beams collide in opposition (hereinafter referred to as “charged particle beam collision method”), undesired nuclear reactions are greatly reduced, and “D-3He” reaction or “ A fusion reaction by the “3He-3He” reaction can be selectively generated.
(The charged particle beam collision method can generate nuclear fusion by the “DD” reaction or the “DT” reaction. However, since the main reaction includes a radioactive substance, the generation of the radioactive substance is suppressed. It is not possible.)

It is well known that a nuclear accelerator can generate a nuclear reaction, but nuclear destruction experiments (exploration of elementary particles) have been the focus, and use as an energy device has not been considered.
Only a specific fusion reaction can be selectively generated to suppress generation of radioactive substances.
In order to perform “pure nuclear fusion” without discharging radioactive materials, there is no option other than “D-3He” reaction or “3He-3He” reaction by charged particle beam collision method.

It is possible to provide a nuclear power generation device by a pure fusion reaction that does not emit any radioactive material, and propulsion devices for spacecraft, aircraft, ships, vehicles, and the like.
In addition to bringing about energy reform, it is possible to provide a means of transportation using a power source different from the conventional method, and it can be applied to waste disposal, etc., and can be applied in all fields.

Configuration of charged particle beam collision fusion reactor (A) Fuel beam path diagram, (b) Detailed beam deflection diagram (A) Appearance of regenerative speed reducer (pentagon), (b) Appearance of regenerative speed reducer (hexagon), (c) Cross section of regenerative speed reducer, (d) Equivalent circuit of regenerative speed reducer, (e) Polyhedron ( (Figure showing regenerative speed reducer assembly state) Level diagram of charged particles Charged particle flight diagram (A) Explanatory drawing of traveling wave type particle accelerator, (b) Acceleration voltage waveform Front view of aircraft / space shuttle (a), (b) top view, (c) engine longitudinal sectional view, (d) engine transverse sectional view, (e) partially enlarged view of vacuum vessel and heat exchange chamber, (f) Capillary area Injection speed and thrust against injection mass Spacecraft (a) External view, (b) Engine longitudinal sectional view, (c) Engine transverse sectional view Outer space probe (a) Front view, (b) Top view, (c) Engine cross section (A) “DD”, “DT”, “D-3He” combined furnace (A) “DD” / “DT” combined reactor, (b) neutron shielding / thermal-electric conversion, (c) ion recovery tube sectional view, (d) “DD” reactive particle flight diagram, (E) “DT” reactive particle flight chart

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a charged particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor.
The fusion reactor of the charged particle beam collision system includes deuterium (2H, deuterium D) and helium 3 (3He) fuel gases 52 and 53, a fuel gas charged particle generator 61, a particle accelerator 62, an electron lens 63, Although not shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic deflector 64m, the vacuum vessel 55, the regenerative speed reducer 65, and the like, include an ion recovery path 68, a neutralizer (electron generator) 69, and the like.

  The charged particle generator 61 ionizes the fuel gas, and the accelerator 62 accelerates the deuterium nucleus 2H (D) to 160 keV and the helium trinuclear 3He to 240 keV (both have the same speed of 3,914 km / S). The center of the vacuum vessel 55 is collided (the fusion reaction point is indicated by “facing arrows” in the figure).

In order to reduce unnecessary side reactions, collision is performed at a speed (400 keV) where the relative speed does not exceed 575 keV which is a Coulomb barrier. The fused particles are hydrogen nuclei 1H (proton or proton particles p) of 14 MeV (51,780 km / S), helium 4 nuclei 4He (alpha particles α) of 3.5 MeV (12,945 km / S), Fly in the opposite direction.
Since the masses of the fuel particles 2H and 3He are different, an impact of 80 keV is generated in the collision, but they fly almost isotropically.

According to Non-Patent Document 1 (Fig. 1.2-1) and Non-Patent Document 6 (Fig. 2.2), the reaction cross section when deuterium nucleus 2H (D) and helium 3 nucleus 3He collide is the Coulomb barrier. Has a maximum in the vicinity of 400 keV (smaller than the theoretical value of 575 keV), and is about 0.8 barns (10 ⁻²⁴ cm ² ).
The Coulomb barrier between helium 3 nuclei 3He is doubled, but the reaction cross section is not large.

In the vacuum vessel 55, a regenerative speed reducer 65, which is a device that takes out the kinetic energy of the charged particles 1H and 4He generated by the fusion reaction as electric energy by electromagnetic induction action, is a fusion reaction point (facing each other in the figure). (Indicated by arrows.)
Since the generated particles 1H and 4He (both charged particles having a positive charge) jump out, the kinetic energy can be used as heat, and energy can be obtained as direct electrical output by electromagnetic induction or the like.

FIG. 2A shows a beam path diagram of the fuel particles 2H and 3He with the regenerative speed reducer 65 in the vacuum vessel 55 removed. (Although different from FIG. 1, the beam path is bent by the deflector 64 and provided in the gap of the regenerative speed reducer 65.)
Charged charged particles 2H and 3He are injected from two locations on the left and right sides of the vacuum vessel, and the charged particle beam as a fuel is deflected once or several times by a magnetic deflector 64m, and then collides at the center of the vacuum vessel 55. Let

In order to prevent the fuel particles 2H and 3He that have not undergone the nuclear fusion reaction from occurring in the fuel particle beam, an undesired nuclear fusion reaction is caused to be deflected by the magnetic deflector 64m in a different direction from the incident fuel particles, Separated and recovered as unreacted fuel particles 68n. The recovered unreacted fuel particles 68n can be refined and used again as fuel.
FIG. 2B shows details of beam deflection. The direction of the magnetic field of the two magnetic deflectors 64m is opposite. Since the different nuclei contained in the fuel particle beam are deflected in different directions, it also serves to increase the purity of the fuel particles 2H and 3He. (It is necessary to consider that the separated heterogeneous nuclei do not collide with the opposing particles.)

Although the Coulomb barrier between the deuterium nucleus 2H (D) and the helium trinuclear 3He is 575 keV (9400 km / S), Non-Patent Document 1 (FIG. 1.2-1) and Non-Patent Document 6 (FIG. 2). According to .2), at 400 keV, the reaction cross section σ of the “D-3He” fusion reaction is about 0.8 barns (10 ⁻²⁴ cm ² ). Because 7.28 × 10 ²⁰ particles per second are narrowed to a diameter of 0.2 μm at a relative velocity v (7,828 km / S), and charged particles with a particle density ρ are driven into the other charged particles. Considering a cylinder with a length of 7.83 × 10 ⁸ cm,
ρ = 7.28 × 10 ²⁰ /(π×(0.1×10 ⁻⁴ ) ² × 7.83 × 10 ⁸ )
≒ 1.48 × 10 ²¹ [cm ³ ]
The mean free path λe where the number of particles is 1 / e is
λe = 1 / (ρ · σ)
≒ 844 [cm]

In the central part of the collision, each particle is halved, and the reaction region greatly extends to the left and right beyond the mean free path λe, resulting in a fusion reaction in a long region exceeding 10 m. Become.
When the length of the furnace is about 10 m, the fusion reaction continues until the charged particle beam is separated by the magnetic deflector 64 m, and the magnetic deflector 64 m is exposed to the fusion-generated particles. (It is very difficult to converge within 10 μm within 0.2 μm and to overlap two types of fuel beams (2H and 3He) over the whole area.)

A regenerative speed reducer 65 is included so as to surround the fusion reaction point (indicated by the opposite arrow in the figure), and a velocity modulation is performed by placing an electrode to which a high frequency voltage is applied in charged particles flying at high speed, The density change of the charged particles can be recovered as high-frequency power with the electrode arranged at the rear. (Various methods have been proposed in Non-Patent Documents 4, 9, 12 and the like for recovering power as electric power.)
The charged particles that have lost their velocity collide with the walls of the ion recovery path 68 biased to a positive voltage, obtain electrons, neutralize them, and recover them as a gas. Using the wall of the ion recovery path 68 as an electrode, the kinetic energy remaining in the charged particles can be recovered as electric power. (Proposed in Non-Patent Document 12.)

The particles that have passed without undergoing the fusion reaction are recovered as unreacted fuel 68n.
Fusion reaction product particles 1H, 4He fly in all directions in the same direction. The ratio of the generated particles colliding with the fuel particles is considered to be sufficiently small since the beam diameter of the fuel particles is as small as 0.2 μm.
Since particles scattered in the furnace also cause an unintended nuclear reaction, it is desirable to collect them by applying a potential gradient inside the furnace.

Next, consider AC driving the particle accelerator 62 at a frequency of 2,000 Hz.
Since the charged particles are collected at one point of the drive waveform, the accelerated charged particles form a pulsed bunch.
Consider a case where the cycle of the fuel particles is 500 μS and the pulse width is 10 nS.
Since the velocity of the fuel particles is 3,914 km / S, bunches having a distance of 1,957 m and a length of 3.9 cm are formed.
When the fuel particles are synchronously converged to 0.5 μm from the left and right, and collided at a relative velocity of 7,828 km / S, most of the particles collide within a central range of about 2 cm.
As the rear part of the bunch, the ratio of remaining unreacted particles increases and is deflected by the magnetic deflector 64m and recovered as unreacted fuel particles 68n.

The 32 regenerative speed reducers 65 constituting the polyhedron 32 (the regular icosahedron with 12 faces of regular pentagon and 20 faces of regular hexagon) of the charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor 60 with generated power of 200 MW are per one. The energy of 4.7 to 7.2 MJ will be handled.
Circulating pipes are arranged in each part of the regenerative speed reducer 65 for cooling, but the temperature where the energy concentrates increases.
The size of the furnace is determined by the heat resistant temperature of the material used, the cooling capacity for the energy handled, and the like.
In addition, it is necessary to use a material that generates less secondary particles and gas as the material used in the furnace.

The electron lens needs to converge within 0.5 μm within a range of 4.7 cm from a position 1 m or more away. (It is possible to change the arrangement of the electron lens closer to the fusion reaction point.)
In the jointed state, the beam is fired while changing the deflection direction little by little in a state where the beam is thick (not converged), and a direction in which the fusion reaction is maximized is searched. Furthermore, by increasing the degree of convergence and repeatedly searching for the maximum reaction direction. The adjustment of the magnetic deflector 64m is repeated so that the entire bunch of charged particle beams collides. (A method is also conceivable in which a sensor is arranged in the recovery path for unreacted fuel particles 68n to determine the direction of the fuel particle beam.)

Since the hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton, proton particle p) and the helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) generated as a result of the fusion reaction fly at different speeds, the time at which they reach the regenerative speed reducer 65 is also different.
The regenerative decelerator 65 is designed to be optimized for decelerating the hydrogen nuclei 1H (p) that occupy 80% of the total energy.

The helium nucleus 4He (α) that has arrived late is slightly accelerated and then decelerated, but the induced voltage is low, and there is a possibility that sufficient energy cannot be recovered.
In addition, a method may be considered in which the helium nucleus 4He (α) that has arrived late catches up with the deceleration of the hydrogen nucleus 1H (p) and decelerates together. That is, a method of spacing the deceleration grid 65b, or a first stage regenerative decelerator that decelerates only the hydrogen nuclei 1H (p) and a two-stage where the helium nuclei 4He (α) catch up and decelerate together. A method to divide into eye regenerative reducers is considered.

  Variations in the convergence position due to vibration cause a shift in the palmar state and cause the nuclear fusion reaction to stop. Although seismic isolation and anti-vibration measures are taken, the effects of furnace vibrations can be offset and mitigated by making the flight time of the fuel particles until the collision exactly the same.

FIGS. 3A to 3F are explanatory diagrams of the shape and configuration of the regenerative speed reducer 65 and the principle of obtaining power directly from the flying generated particles 1H and 4He.
Since the generated particles 1H and 4He fly evenly in all directions, the regenerative speed reducer 65 is arranged so as to surround the fusion reaction point without any gaps with reference to the method of constructing the surface such as regular polyhedron and quasi-regular polyhedron. doing.

  Induced charges (negative) generated in the grid 65b due to the generated particles 1H and 4He (both positive charges) flying in a pulse shape in the radial direction are transmitted to the next grid 65b with a delay from the flying speed of the generated particles 1H and 4He. As a result, the generated particles 1H and 4He are braked from behind and further induced charges are propagated and propagated. The regenerative speed reducer 65 converts the kinetic energy of the generated particles 1H and 4He into electric energy.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show the appearance of each regenerative speed reducer 65. A plurality of pentagonal or hexagonal reduction grids 65b are stacked, and as shown in the sectional view of (c) and the equivalent circuit of (d), it is composed of a delay circuit 65d.
The pentagonal and hexagonal regenerative speed reducers 65 are assembled so as to constitute the polyhedron 32 (the truncated icosahedron) of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3C, an acceleration grid 67 a to which a negative voltage is applied is arranged so as to prevent the generated particles 1 </ b> H and 4 </ b> He that have been sufficiently decelerated from staying in the vacuum container 55, and led to the ion recovery path 68. A potential gradient is attached.
Inside the ion recovery path 68 made of a conductive material, electrons are added to neutralize and return to gas for recovery, and the charge of the generated particles 1H and 4He is converted into current.

If neutralization is performed by supplying electrons inside the vacuum vessel 55, gas molecules (1H, 4He) are retained. Therefore, a magnetic field insulation diode is formed inside the ion recovery path 68, and electrons and gas molecules ( 1H, 4He) do not return to the center of the reactor.
When deflecting the fuel particles 2H and 3He, when generating particles 1H and 4He are decelerated, radiant light is generated, but it is removed by providing countermeasures and potential gradients that do not generate an electron cloud even at the locations irradiated with the radiant light. It is necessary to take measures.

  The surface of the deceleration grid 65b and the delay circuit 65d constituting the regenerative speed reducer 65 is covered with an insulating material such as ceramic, and is charged to a positive potential by the collision of the generated particles 1H and 4He, and is biased to a positive voltage. Since the charges having the same polarity repel, collision of charged particles 1H and 4He decreases with the passage of time.

In consideration of the influence of the grid in the previous layer, the grids in the second and subsequent layers are arranged at positions where the collision of the generated particles 1H and 4He is small.
Since the tip of the center side of the delay circuit 65d is not insulated, a positive charge pulse is received immediately before the generated particles 1H and 4He reach the first deceleration grid 65b, and the positive pulse is sequentially transmitted to the deceleration grid 65b. The generated particles 1H and 4He are decelerated. (The charged particles are neutralized in the furnace. It is necessary to recover the neutralized particles.)
The first-stage decelerating grid has a distributed constant grid 65f without using a lumped constant delay circuit because the velocity of the generated particles is as fast as 17% of the speed of light and the propagation in the grid becomes uneven.

The heat of the regenerative speed reducer 65 generated by the collision of the generated particles 1H and 4He is taken out through the cooling pipe provided inside the delay circuit 65d, and combined with the heat of the gas recovered and neutralized by the ion recovery path 68, Used for power generation.
In order to prevent charged particles and electrons from staying inside the vacuum vessel 55, the inside is cleaned by applying a potential gradient constantly or during a rest period.

FIG. 4 is an energy level diagram of charged particles.
The charged particles 2H and 3He generated by the charged particle generator 61 are accelerated to 160 keV and 240 keV by the particle accelerator 62, and collide at the center of the nuclear fusion reactor to generate a fusion reaction.
It represents that the hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton p) flies with 14 MeV and the helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) fly with energy of 3.5 MeV by the fusion reaction, and loses energy by the regenerative decelerator 65 and decelerates.

FIG. 5 shows a flight situation of charged particles in charged particle beam collision type fusion.
The vertical axis represents the radius (m) centered on the fusion reaction point. Two straight lines from the radii 3 and -3 to zero indicate the flight of the fuel particles 2H and 3He from the two deflectors 64 toward the center, and two broken lines from the zero to the radius 6 indicate unreacted fuel particles 68n. The two curves show how the charged particles 1H and 4He generated by the nuclear fusion reaction fly in all directions and are decelerated by the regenerative decelerator 65.
The horizontal axis is the time axis (μS). (This is a case where the distance between the deflectors 64 is 6 m and the repetition frequency is 2,000 Hz.)

  Since the flying speeds of the generated particles generated by the fusion reaction are different, the group of hydrogen nuclei 1H (p) first reaches the regenerative decelerator 65 and is decelerated. Next, a group of helium nuclei 4He (α) arrives and does not decelerate (rather than accelerate) while it is slower than the delay speed of the delay circuit 65d, and receives deceleration in an area where the delay time of the delay circuit 65d becomes large.

The electrical output of the regenerative speed reducer 65 is output as a pulse voltage corresponding to the generated particles 1H and 4He.
If unreacted fuel particles and fuel particles cross, an unnecessary fusion reaction occurs, so it is necessary to prevent them from crossing. (In the flight situation of FIG. 5, it does not intersect, but it can intersect if the pulse interval is reduced.)
Since there is no thermal time constant, the response of the power generation output to the drive signal of the particle accelerator 62 is extremely fast.

Non-Patent Documents 16 and 17 show a simple method for generating atmospheric pressure plasma. In addition, plasma acceleration methods have been studied in Non-Patent Document 23. In these methods, charged particles with an interval of 3,914 m are compressed into 3.9 cm long bunches (time interval 500 μS, pulse width 10 nS). Not enough. (It is considered possible with the high-frequency particle accelerator for research introduced in Non-Patent Documents 20, 21 and the like.)

FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram of the charged particle generator 61 and the traveling wave particle accelerator 62t, and describes a method of using the electrical output of the regenerative speed reducer 65 as an acceleration voltage.
Electric power is supplied from the outside, or positive and negative pulse outputs of the regenerative speed reducer 65 are rectified and stored in a capacitor.
The charged particle generator 61 generates charged particles 2H or 3He from the fuel gas and transmits only the charged particles by using the particle permeable membrane 61s, etc., thereby preventing the fuel gas (molecules) from being mixed in. Supply highly charged particles. Charged particles are induced by applying a negative voltage to the grid 61a.

The traveling wave particle accelerator 62t is provided with a plurality of annular electrodes on the outer side of a tapered container made of a strong insulator such as quartz or ceramic, and a plurality of acceleration grids 62a electrically insulated inside. Provided.
When charged particles are charged on the inner surface of the electrically insulated container of the traveling wave type particle accelerator 62t, the charged particles gradually repel, so that they collide with the inner wall of the traveling wave type particle accelerator 62t and the acceleration grid 62a. No longer.
The acceleration grid 62a is provided to accelerate the charged particles accurately toward the tip of the container so as not to increase the emission of the charged particles. In the portion where the diameter of the container is small, the acceleration grid 62a is omitted.

An acceleration voltage for accelerating charged particles gradually from a low speed and without increasing the emission is applied to the electrodes of each stage of the acceleration grid 62a from the delay circuit 62d at any time. A single charged particle bunch can be generated by applying a sex pulse.
(After the charged particles are generated, the delay circuit 62d is returned to zero volts, and the charged particles generated by the charged particle generator 61 are accumulated in the traveling wave particle accelerator 62t.)

In order to generate a bunch of charged particles, the switch 62s is switched, and a negative voltage (−) is first applied to the delay circuit 62d, and then a positive voltage (+) is applied. First, a negative voltage and then a positive voltage propagate to the delay circuit 62d in the right direction in the figure.
From each stage of the delay circuit 62d, an electrode provided around the traveling wave particle accelerator 62t and the voltage of the bipolar pulse delayed to the acceleration grid 62a appear. Although a bias due to charging is applied, the charged particles are attracted by the negative voltage of the electrode and the acceleration grid 62a, and are accelerated by repelling the positive voltage.

Since the delay circuit 62d sends bunch of 10 nS at intervals of 500 μS, elements with small impedances are arranged in order in the traveling direction, and a voltage waveform for compressing charged particles in the axial direction is generated.
Each stage of the delay circuit 62d is connected to a diode via a switch, and has a configuration in which the delay time is greatly different between the upward and downward (current direction) of the pulse waveform.
The rising speed of the subsequent positive pulse is faster than that of the preceding negative pulse, and the charged particle bunch is advanced while being compressed in the traveling direction.

Further, the switches S1 to Sn at each stage are turned on from the negative to the positive (or from the positive by using a semiconductor switch such as silicon carbide) after the voltage at the previous stage becomes sufficiently high (or low). In order to sharpen the rise (or fall) of the waveform (to the negative), a resonance circuit of inductance and capacitance is temporarily configured, and the half cycle of the resonance waveform (from the negative or positive peak to the peak of reverse polarity) Thus, charges are transferred without waste.
FIG. 6B shows a waveform of the acceleration voltage with the bunch delivery time set to zero. Since all terminals (nodes) cannot be shown, N ₀ to N ₃ , N ₁₃ and N ₁₄ are shown.

By accurately opening and closing the switches S1 to Sn using the reference signal, the two traveling wave particle accelerators 62t of the deuterium nucleus 2H and the helium 3 nucleus 3He are synchronized with each other, and the bunches of the respective charged particles are synchronized. Can be fired accurately at the same time.
The charged particles are accelerated in accordance with the taper shape of the container while reducing the cross-sectional area, and are also compressed in the axial direction to form a bunch of charged particles and are ejected at a predetermined speed.
The output of the delay circuit 62d (power remaining after particle acceleration) is not shown in the figure, but can be rectified and reused.
The traveling wave particle accelerator 62t can be configured integrally with the delay circuit 62d.

Table 4 Fuel consumption of power plants
Table 4 calculated the fuel consumption of the power plant with an electrical output of 200 MW, assuming that the efficiency is 100%.
If the fusion reaction rate is 80% and the electric conversion efficiency is 84%, the total efficiency is 67%, deuterium (2H, D) is 11.5kg, helium 3 (3He) However, 17.3 kg of fuel is required. (Does not include reuse of unreacted fuel and power generation using recovered heat.)
Deuterium (2H, D) is sufficiently present in seawater, but helium 3 (3He) is hardly present on the earth. As shown in Non-Patent Document 11, it is considered to be abundant on the moon, asteroids, etc., and it is considered possible to collect it.

Further, the ionic currents of the two kinds of charged particles 2H and 3He as the fuel reach a total of about 35 A, and must converge and collide with each other within 0.5 μm of the center of the vacuum vessel 55.
Two pairs of the charged particle generator 61 and the particle accelerator 62 constitute one pair, but a plurality of pairs can be arranged at different angles in the vacuum vessel 55 of one beam collision type fusion reactor 60. In this case, it is necessary to adjust the injection timing and position of the fuel beam in order not to cause an unintended nuclear reaction between different pairs. It can be used for boosting operation or as a backup.

It is the only fusion power plant that does not handle radioactive material fuel. In any severe accident, there is no radioactive material in the charged particle beam collision fusion reactor 60, so there is no radiation scattering and it is safe.
In constructing an actual nuclear fusion reactor, high-energy charged particles are handled, so it must be designed to prevent unintended nuclear reactions.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the heating type jet engine 81. (A turbine engine is illustrated as an example, but it can be used for a heat source such as a piston engine or a variable volume axial flow screw pump disclosed in Patent Document 7.)
FIG. 7 (a) is a front view of the space shuttle 80, and FIG. 7 (b) is a top view. Using a biplane triangular wing with a large lift, the aircraft gradually takes off from a general airport and gradually increases its altitude. It can be used as an aircraft that travels in the stratosphere, or as a space shuttle that carries heavy objects to Earth orbit.
A tail wing 83 having a large area is used to stabilize the posture when entering the atmosphere and to decelerate. The opening state of the engine flap 84 at the air intake port can be varied according to the density (altitude) of the atmosphere.

7C is an engine longitudinal sectional view 81, FIG. 7D is an engine transverse sectional view, FIG. 7E is a partially enlarged view of the vacuum vessel 55 and the heat exchange chamber 57, and FIG. It is an enlarged view of a peripheral part.
The heated jet engine 81 applies heat from the charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor 60 to the sucked air and injects it backward by the expansion force of the heated air to obtain thrust.
When high-energy charged particles are released into the atmosphere, air molecules are ionized and unnecessary nuclear reactions may occur. Also, if air enters the fusion reactor, the degree of vacuum decreases and the fusion reaction cannot be continued.
The cross-sectional shape of the vacuum vessel 55 is a hollow star, the outside is a heat exchange chamber 57, and the particles 1H and 4He of the fusion reaction collide with the wall surface at a small visual oblique angle, and a part of the kinetic energy is obtained. While changing to heat, it leads to the ion recovery path 68.
The vacuum vessel 55 has a star-shaped cross section so that the generated particles 1H and 4He do not return to the center.

The inner surface of the vacuum vessel 55 is made of a highly durable insulating material such as smooth surface ceramics, and is charged with charged particles, charged to a positive charge, and totally reflects the charged particles. The generated particles 1H and 4He reach the ion recovery path 68 while losing kinetic energy due to several reflections, take electrons from the conductive wall surface, neutralize them, and recover them as gas (1H and 4He).
The wall outside the vacuum vessel 55 (on the heat exchange chamber 57 side) uses a high-resistance electrically conductive material, and converts the induced current caused by the generated particles 1H and 4He flying in a pulse shape into heat.

The heated jet engine 81 uses a capillary 63c whose tip is thinned to 1 μm for convergence and deflection of the fuel particles 2H and 3He.
As shown in FIG. 7 (f), the capillary 63c has a cross-shaped support portion that is retracted to avoid the influence of the flying of the product particles 1H and 4He of the fusion reaction, and firmly supports the capillary 63c. A mechanism for finely adjusting the direction of the capillary 63c is incorporated.
Since vibration is generated by an airflow passing through the heat exchange chamber 57 or the like, a change in the convergence position due to the vibration of the apparatus may cause a collision point shift and cause a fusion reaction to be interrupted. By making the flight time of the charged fuel particles until the collision exactly the same, the influence of vibration can be reduced.

A capillary is used to selectively irradiate individual cells with charged particles in the biological field, as shown in Patent Document 6 and Non-Patent Documents 18 and 19, and heats a glass pipe. It is a taper-shaped part that is stretched and cut and whose one end is thinned.
When charged particles are added from the thick side of the capillary, the inner surface is charged, and the charged particles incident at a minute angle on the inner wall surface of the capillary are totally reflected. Even charged particles exceeding 10 MeV are easily reflected. It is also shown in the document that it can converge to 1 μm or less (about 100 nm minimum). Since high-power charged particles are handled, the number of passing particles increases, and therefore it is considered that the capillary 63c needs to use a durable insulating material such as quartz or ceramic.

  In order to reduce the influence of vibration, when the particle accelerator 62 is driven at a repetition frequency of 1 μm and 600 Hz, the charged particle beam has a period of 1.67 mS, and the pulse width is 50 nS, Is 3,914 km / S, so a bunch with a spacing of 6,524 m and a length of 19.6 cm is formed. Since the relative velocity collides at 7,828 km / S, most particles collide within a central range of about 10 cm.

  Unreacted particles remain at the back of the bunch. There is a possibility of reaching the opposite capillaries, running backward in the capillaries, and colliding with the other fuel particles staying in the capillaries. Although the collision energy is low and the reaction rate is estimated to be low, if a nuclear fusion reaction occurs inside the capillary 63c, a large load is applied on the inside, causing damage.

As shown in the detailed view of FIG. 7 (f), after the fuel particle bunch is delivered, the electric field type deflector 64e provided on the side of the tip of the capillary 63c (FIG. 7 (f) has a linear cross-sectional shape. However, it is composed of four planar electrodes), and the unreacted fuel particles 68n are kicked and recovered through the ion recovery path 68. This deflection electric field can be driven by the surplus output of the delay circuit 62d when the traveling wave particle accelerator 62t of FIG. 6 is used.
In addition to the ion recovery path 68, a refrigerant circulation path is provided in the capillary support portion (not shown).

Further, an accelerating electrode may be provided around the capillary 63c so as to be an extension of the traveling wave particle accelerator 62t. (The traveling wave type accelerator 62t up to the capillary 63c can contribute to the downsizing of the apparatus.)
A certain voltage is applied to the electric field type deflector 64 so that the orbits of the different nuclei contained in the fuel beam are slight (about the width of the fuel particle beam), but are configured to suppress unintended nuclear reactions. Can do.
Furthermore, when the acceleration by the particle accelerators 62 and 62t is different and different nuclei are concentrated at the head or rear of the bunch, a pulsed voltage is applied to the electric field type deflector 64 provided at the tip of the capillary 63c, Can be removed by kicking.

The regenerative speed reducer 65 in the vacuum vessel 55 converts the kinetic energy of the charged particles (generated particles) into electric energy, and drives the electric motor to rotate the turbine 86.
The engine flap 84 is expanded to take in outside air, compressed by the turbine 86, sent to the heat exchange chamber 57, heated and expanded through the wall surface of the vacuum vessel 55 having a star-shaped cross section, and thrust by injecting it backward as a high-speed air flow Get.

After reaching an altitude where the atmosphere cannot be used, the engine flap 84 is closed, and the air accumulated in the air tank inside the machine is supplied from the ventilation port 56 to the heat exchange chamber 57, so that thrust can be maintained even outside the atmosphere.
A lightweight and high-pressure air tank made of carbon or the like is built in the wing 82 to ensure the capacity of the air tank and the strength of the wing 82.

At the time of returning, the speed is sufficiently reduced by the engine injection, the tail wing 83 is erected in a posture, decelerates, glides and heads to the landing point. During the gliding, the engine flap 84 is opened, and the air taken from the ventilation port 56 is compressed further by a compression pump (not shown) driven by the rotation of the turbine 86 and accumulated in an air tank in the blade 82. Thus, a part of the potential energy is recovered as high-pressure air.
The heated jet engine 81 starts the turbine with compressed air accumulated in the blades or electric power.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the injection velocity (v = √ (2 · E / (m · m _m ))) and thrust (T = (m · m _m ) · v) when the injection mass is changed. When the mass magnification on the left axis of FIG. 8 is 1, a thrust of 6.3 N is obtained by directly injecting hydrogen nuclei 1H (p) out of charged particles of a 200 MW fusion reaction product into a vacuum. It is shown that.
(Mass of hydrogen nucleus 1H (p): 1.67 × 10 ⁻²⁷ , energy: 14 MeV (5.18 × 10 ⁷ m / S))

When the effective area of two turbines with a diameter of 5 m is about 40 m ² and flying near the sea surface at 250 km / h, the air with a density of 1.25 kg / m ³ is taken in at 2,700 m ³ (3,300 kg) per second, Heat and spray. Since the mass m of the hydrogen nucleus 1H (p) which is a 200 MW fusion product is 0.12 mg / S, the mass magnification _mm is approximately 2.5 × 10 ¹⁰ .
The helium nucleus 4He (α) also has a thrust of 6.3 N, but the mass magnification is as low as 1/4, so it is not included in the calculation. (It can be corrected by multiplying by 1.25.)

From FIG. 8, thrust T: 1.00MN and injection speed v: 330 m / S (about 1,200 km / h), which is a calculation that provides sufficient thrust as a large aircraft. (The process of increasing the mass (heat exchange, turbine efficiency, etc.) is not taken into account. If the mass magnification is reduced, the heat exchanger will be overheated, so it is necessary to lower the fusion rate and lower the output. is there.)
To advanced 10,000m is amount that air density is lowered, by increasing the velocity is believed that they can maintain a mass ratio m _m since the amount of intake air increases. In the stratosphere where the atmospheric density further decreases, the thrust is sustained by using the compressed air accumulated in the air tank in the wing as a propellant, and the acceleration is accelerated to 8 km / s at an altitude of 160 km.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the charged particle / propellant mixed engine 91.
FIG. 9A is an external view of the spacecraft, which is a spacecraft 90 including a cargo module 95, an engine module 91, an occupant module 96, and a sky crane 97. Each module is connected using the module standard “joint coupling mechanism CBM” used in the International Space Station, and can be freely rearranged using a robot hand 94h attached to the base of the landing leg 94g.

FIG. 9 (b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the engine, and FIG. 9 (c) is a transverse sectional view of the engine, in which the container of the six-top cruciform polyhedron is doubled. The inside is a container of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60, and the outside is a heat exchange chamber 57 for propellant.
The charged particles 1H and 4He flying in the vertical direction from the center of the beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor 60 in FIG. 9B are decelerated by the regenerative decelerator 65 and converted into electric energy. (The charged particles 1H and 4He may be neutralized and collected, or may be mixed in the propellant because there is no concern of polluting the earth's atmosphere.)
Although not shown in the drawing, the unreacted fuel 68n is kicked and removed by the electric field type deflector 64e provided at the tip of the capillary 63c after the fuel particles 2H and 3He are sent out.

The propellant (air 50a) supplied from the upper and lower sides of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60 by the constant supply pump 89 is heated around the heat exchange chamber 57 and mixed from the outside of the double nozzle. It is injected into the chamber 58.
In order to prevent the circulation of the propellant from becoming unstable, a path that spirals around each cross-shaped arm of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60 is formed in the heat exchange chamber 57, although not shown in the figure. doing.

Charged particles (generated particles) 1H and 4He flying in the horizontal direction from the center of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60 in FIG. 9B are injected into the mixing reaction chamber 58 from the inside of the double nozzle. The heated propellant is further mixed and heated and injected from the nozzle 93 into outer space.
Although not shown in the drawing, a magnetic container can be formed in the mixing reaction chamber 58 and the nozzle 93.

The charged particles (generated particles) 1H and 4He are electrically neutralized inside the mixing reaction chamber 58 when the wall surface is conductive, but the neutralizer 69 is operated as necessary.
The fusion reactor 60 is started and the propellant is added after the temperature of the reactor wall has risen sufficiently. Since the propellant passes through the outside of the double nozzle with a strong direction, it is shaped so as not to flow into the fusion reactor 60 due to the venturi effect.

The energy generated by the “3He-3He” reaction is less than that of the “D-3He” reaction, and the Coulomb barrier is more than twice as difficult to handle, but helium 3 (3He) can be easily obtained on the moon, asteroids, etc. Therefore, an engine that can use only helium 3 (3He) as a single fuel has high utility value. According to Non-Patent Document 13, the reaction cross section of the “3He-3He” fusion reaction is much smaller than the reaction cross section of 10 ⁻² burns and “D-3He” at 1 MeV. (It reaches 0.1 barns at 10 MeV and 1.0 barns at 30 MeV, but the input energy increases.)

  The helium trinuclear 3He beam of fuel particles is converged to 1 μm, the driving frequency of the particle accelerators 62 and 62t is 10 Hz, the period of charged particle bunches is 100 ms (interval 391 km), and the pulse width is 20 nS (length 7.8 cm). In order to generate the nuclear fusion reaction, it is necessary to sufficiently increase the density of the fuel particles 3He.

The propellant is efficiently expanded by directly mixing and heating the produced particles 1H and 4He in the mixing reaction chamber 58 using air, water, and other substances having a large mass as compared with hydrogen and helium as a propellant. Can be injected to obtain thrust.
When powder is used as a propellant, although not shown in the figure, it is pulverized to the micron unit as shown in Non-Patent Document 7, and mixed in advance with a gaseous propellant before being put into the mixing reaction chamber 58. By doing so, the mass of the propellant can be increased. If it is not mixed homogeneously, it will cause vibration.

In manned spacecraft, waste is generated, but it can be broken down to the atomic level by drying, turning it into powder, and mixing and heating it with charged particles (generated particles) in a fusion reactor. (It can also be used to decompose harmful chemical substances.)
Since the waste can be treated and can be used as a propellant, the transport mass of the propellant can be reduced, and debris caused by the dumping of the waste into space can be prevented.

The spacecraft 90 is a minimum configuration example necessary for navigating between planets and satellites in the solar system.
By rotating the long axis of the spacecraft (about 10 rpm if the rotation radius is 10 m), gravity of about 1 G due to centrifugal force can be obtained. By connecting the occupant module 96 to the lower layer of the engine module 91, it is possible to match the direction of gravity at the time of landing and acceleration for changing the trajectory.

The particle shielding plate 94s is disposed on the solar side away from the occupant module 96, generates a magnetic force by the power of the solar cell, and shields radiation from the sun.
The particle shielding plate 94s gently deflects charged particles (mainly hydrogen nuclei 1H and helium nuclei 4He) flying from the sun outward by closed magnetic field lines created by two solenoid coils arranged in opposite directions. By doing so, the generation of synchrotron radiation and secondary particles is suppressed, and charged particles are shielded.
When a superconducting coil by natural cooling can be used, a sufficiently strong magnetic force can be generated.
At the time of landing, a particle shielding plate 94s is attached to the movable arm, and the sun is automatically tracked to shield charged particles.

In general, if there is a thrust corresponding to the Martian gravity (0.35G), it can take off and land on planets and satellites in the solar system with little air. A thrust of about 200 kN is required for a spacecraft with a total mass of 30 tons.
Because the large specific thrust of the charged particle beam collision type fusion engine can be used, the number of days required for interplanetary flight can be greatly shortened.
Mars cannot glide with its wings because it has a thin atmosphere, but it can take in the atmosphere (mainly CO ² ), accumulate it in a tank, and use it as a propellant for takeoff.

  By providing beam collision fusion reactors 60 and 88 of about 200 kW independent from the charged particle / propellant mixed type engine 91, in addition to obtaining the necessary power, the waste is dried and pulverized, and the Sabatier reaction is used. This makes it possible to circulate and use oxygen and water, and to maintain a high level of passenger life. When constructing a fusion reactor with a small electrical output, the fuel particle convergence is increased to 0.25 μm and the repetition period is set to 100 mS to increase the density of the fuel particles and increase the reaction cross-section “D-3He” reaction. It is necessary to adopt.

The spacecraft 90 can be remotely operated for both manned aircraft and cargo aircraft, and requires functions of automatic landing and automatic navigation. Durability of about 50 years is required, and by performing two or more simultaneous navigations, the quickest response can be performed in the event of an accident.
By attaching the cargo module 95 to the sky crane 97 and descending on the track, and separating the cargo module 95 at the same time as landing, the cargo module can be lowered and transported quickly.
By pulling the sky crane wire over the attitude control module, the load on the module due to artificial gravity can be reduced and reinforced.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an outer space probe that navigates outside the solar system.
(A) is a front view (surface facing the earth), (b) is a top view. (C) is a sectional view of the engine.
The focal point of the radio wave reflector 99r in the shape of the offset parabola coincides with the center of gravity including the radio wave reflector 99r and the fuel tanks 52 and 53, so that the position change of the center of gravity due to fuel consumption does not occur. ing.
The engine of the outer space probe 90 is rotatably mounted so as to share a center of gravity around an axis incorporating the charged particle accelerators 62 and 62t, and can change the injection direction.
Since the outer space probe 90 navigates while spiraling around the sun, the angle toward the earth (the direction in which radio waves are transmitted) and the injection direction of the engine are different.

Thrust is obtained by opening a part of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60 and releasing charged particles directly into space. In order to deflect the high energy charged particles 1H and 4He flying in all directions in one direction, the generated particle reflector 98r and the generated particle deflector 98d are used, and the regenerative decelerator 65 and the reaccelerator 67r are combined. Then, the decelerated charged particles 1H and 4He are accelerated again in the target direction and injected. A method of accelerating particles existing in outer space backward is also conceivable.
Since the generated energy is small in the “3He-3He” reaction, “D-3He” is used as the fuel. In the fusion reaction of “D-3He”, the energy of the hydrogen nucleus 1H (p) is 14 MeV (about 17% of the speed of light), so there is a possibility that the outer space probe 90 itself can be accelerated to about 10% of the speed of light. is there.

Table 5 is a radio link design with a distance of 4 light years.
Consider driving a 100 megawatt radio transmitter.
A transmission frequency of 1 GHz to 50 GHz is considered appropriate.
The free space loss for a distance of 3.776 × 10 ¹⁶ m is overwhelmingly large at 364 dB, but Pr> Prn, so a huge antenna and a helium-cooled low-noise receiver are used to receive signals in the 6 kHz band. Can be calculated.
Table 5 Line design

Because it is a space probe navigating outside the solar system, it consumes a huge amount of fuel, but the value of accelerating to around 10% of the speed of light by taking advantage of a large specific thrust and making constant acceleration large.
The distance to the nearest star, Alpha Centauri, is 4.2 light-years, so if you take into account the fact that you are navigating in a spiral, etc., even if you get a speed of 10% of the speed of light, It will take more than 50 years from the launch to reach.
The total weight of deuterium (2H, D) and helium 3 (3He) fuel required to operate the 200 MW beam collision fusion reactor 60 continuously for 50 years will exceed 960 kg.
Since remote control is impossible, it is necessary to provide autonomous exploration capability.

Since there is no sufficient amount of helium 3 (3He) on the earth as a fuel, it is very difficult to realize nuclear fusion that does not contain radioactive materials.
Since the “DD” reaction and the “DT” reaction are nuclear fusion containing radioactive materials, they have not been exemplified as examples, but the charged particle beam collision type fusion apparatus of the present invention is not limited to these examples. It can also handle fusion reactions.
Re-arrange the problems in fusion.
The first point is the generation of neutrons, which may include embrittlement / activation of the reactor wall, effects on the human body, etc., but it can be dealt with with the technology of the fission reactor. Disappear.
The second point is the generation of the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T), and the influence on the surroundings due to leakage is a serious problem as described above.

A proposal to solve this problem is added here as an example.
The solution is not to accumulate triple element 3H (tritium T). Two furnaces are prepared, and the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) produced by the “DD” reaction is immediately consumed by performing the “DT” reaction, thereby limiting the abundance of radioactive materials to a very small amount. be able to.
Table 6 is a table listing the optimum collision energy and reaction cross-section for each reaction and the reaction cross-sections of other reactions with reference to FIG. 2.2 of Non-Patent Reference 6.
Table 6 Reaction cross section of fusion reaction

Table 7 lists some of the nuclear reactions involving the hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton, proton p). When the fusion reaction is continued without purifying the fusion product, positron e ⁺ , gamma ray γ, neutrino ν _e, etc. are generated, but can be extracted as effective energy in the charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor. Have difficulty.
Table 7 Nuclear reactions involving the hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton, proton p)

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which three pairs of “charged particle beam generators” are formed in one furnace at different angles.
The left side of the figure uses deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) as fuel, and the right side uses deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D), tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T), and helium trinuclear 3He in order from the top. And
The first “D-D” and “D” paired “charged particle beam generator” pair performs a “DD” reaction, but requires 1.4 MeV and reacts with 0.2 barns. Small cross-sectional area. Since this is the first fusion reaction, no impurities are mixed in, but two kinds of fusion reactions occur simultaneously, and four kinds of particles (p, n, T, 3He) fly. (The neutron n does not have a charge and has a strong permeability, and is decelerated and absorbed by the neutron moderator (water) 10 in the heat exchange chamber 57 and is not collected in the ion recovery path 68.)
The second “DT” and “T” pair of “charged particle beam generators” are paired to perform a “DT” reaction.
The third “D-3He” and “3He” paired “charged particle beam generator” pairs are used to perform the “D-3He” reaction.
Since neutron n cannot be recovered as electric energy, the energy recovered as heat increases. A heat exchange chamber 57 filled with a moderator (water) 10 is provided outside the vacuum vessel to shield and cool neutrons.

  Charged particles 1H (p), 2H (D), 3H (T), 3He and 4He (generated by a reaction other than the DD reaction) are recovered from the ion recovery path 68 and the unreacted particle 68n recovery path. Reionized by the ion generator 61, accelerated to about 10 keV by the particle accelerators 62 and 62t, and 1H (p), 3H (by the charge mass separator 64x (magnetic spectrometer) using the difference in charge mass ratio. T), 2H (D), 4He (α), and 3He. The tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is accelerated to 60 keV, a fusion reaction is performed with the deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) accelerated to 40 keV, and the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is immediately consumed.

The reaction cross section of the “DT” reaction is 5 barns, whereas the reaction cross sections of the “DD” and “D-3He” reactions are as small as 0.03 barns, which is almost “DT”. Only the reaction occurs. Since the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is constantly decayed into the helium trinuclear 3He, separation by the charge mass ratio by the deflector 64 in the furnace is also effective.
Since the beam diameter is about 1 μm, the separation distance depends on how the beam spreads, but about 10 μm can be expected to have a sufficient reaction suppression effect. The reaction can be greatly suppressed.

The hydrogen nuclei 1H (p), deuterium nuclei 2H (D), helium 3 nuclei 3He, and helium nuclei 4He (α) separated by the deflector 64 are neutralized and accumulated in the tank. The helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) and the deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) have almost the same charge-mass ratio, and are difficult to separate. (Can be separated by chemical reaction.)
A “D-3He” reaction is performed with a pair of “charged particle beam generators” labeled “D-3He” and “3He”, but by colliding at 400 keV (2H: 160 keV, 3H: 240 keV), Since the “D-3He” reaction is 1 barns, the “DT” reaction is 0.8 barns, and the “DD” reaction is 0.13 barns, the influence of impurities that cannot be separated is slightly reduced. .
When particles recovered without separation are used as fuel, side reactions become complicated, extra energy is required to accelerate particles that do not contribute to the reaction, and particles with various energies fly simultaneously. The design of the regenerative speed reducer 65 may be difficult.

FIG. 12A shows an example of a nuclear fusion reactor having a configuration in which only the “DD” reaction and the “DT” reaction are geometrically utilized.
Since the capillary 63c can bend the path gently, the right D and T capillaries 63c are arranged close to each other. There is only one set of D “charged particle beam generators” facing each other.
The direction of the charged particle beam is instantaneously switched by the deflector 64 at the tip of the capillary 63c or the drive mechanism of the support, and the velocity corresponding to each is changed (700 keV for the “DD” reaction, 40 for the “DT” reaction). Charged particles 2H (D) are launched at ˜60 keV.
From the ion recovery path 68 attached to the regenerative decelerator 65 and the two unreacted fuel recovery paths (when assembled in the shape of a truncated icosahedron) 32 charged particles and unreacted fuel 68n ( 1H (p), 2H (D), 3H (T), 3He, and 4He (α)) are recovered through the ion recovery tube 68t without being neutralized, and accelerated again from the difference in charge mass ratio. The system is configured to separate the particles and consume the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) within 1 second.
FIG. 12C shows the configuration of the ion recovery tube 68t. An electrode for guiding charged particles (guided charged particles are guided in the traveling direction on the same principle as the electrode provided in the traveling wave type particle accelerator 62t, but not accelerated) is provided, and three phases (φ0, φ1, and φ2) are used. The charged particles are transferred by sequentially applying a positive or negative high voltage with a constant cycle.
The ion collection tube 68t is connected to 32 ion collection paths 68 in a single stroke to collect the generated particles, average the pulse-shaped generated particles, and send them to the charge mass separator 64x.

In the “DD” and “DT” reactions, neutron n flies with a lot of energy, so the maximum energy that can be directly taken out as electricity is 32.4%, and the heat output is 67.6. Occupy more than 50%. In the case of the same output, the diameter of the vacuum vessel 55 can be reduced by about 30%. A moderator (water) 10 is filled in a heat exchange chamber 57 surrounding the charged particle beam type nuclear fusion reactor 60, and neutron n is decelerated and heat-converted.
FIG. 12B shows the shielding and thermal conversion of neutron n by water 10 and the heat-driven pump 66 (Patent Document 7) and the heat-electric converter by generator 88). An example composed of 32 units constituting a square 20 surface) is shown. Each unit is made into a shape in which an arbitrary unit can be removed for maintenance, and is engaged at different angles so that neutrons that have traveled linearly do not leak from the gap.
FIG. 12D shows a particle flight diagram by the “DD” reaction and FIG. 12E shows the “DT” reaction. (The locus of the unreacted particles 68n is omitted.)
Charged particles 1H, 2H, 3H, 3He and 4He are regenerative speed reducer 65, and neutron n is transmitted through regenerative speed reducer 65 and decelerated by neutron moderator (water) 10. In order to shield the neutron n that has passed through the neutron moderator (water) 10 and the neutron reflector (such as lead) 19 for safety, a concrete wall is further required outside.

During operation, the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is dispersed inside the vacuum vessel 55, the ion recovery paths 68 and 68t, the particle accelerators 62 and 62t with the symbol T, the charge mass separator 64x, and the capillary 63c. Exist. In the case of a furnace that consumes 1.0 g of fuel per hour, the amount of tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) produced is estimated to be about 0.1 mg per second. (If it takes 1 second to circulate the tritium T. If it goes around at 100 mS, it becomes 0.01 mg even less.)
By using a mechanism in which the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) in the furnace is consumed as much as possible, including during an emergency stop, the remaining amount at the time of stop is 0.1 μg (3.6 × 10 6 ⁷ Bq) is expected to be reduced to around. (When the repetition period of the “DT” reaction is 1,000 Hz)
Furthermore, by increasing the number of particles of deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D), the reaction rate of tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) can be increased to 99.99% or more, so the remaining amount is 0.01 ng. It can be reduced to (3.6 × 10 ³ Bq) or less. By repeating this process, the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) can be completely extinguished. (Many unreacted fuel particles of deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) remain.)
After the extinction operation of the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) by earthquake detection or the like, the power supply can be maintained by switching to the “D-3He” reaction and continuing the operation.

Although the remaining amount of the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) could be limited, it is still a very dangerous substance. In the future, there is a possibility that the general use of the “charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor” will be expanded by reducing the power and size, and there will be a tritium (3H, tritium T) leakage accident in proportion to the spread. It is thought to increase. In addition, since the accident rate of mobile bodies is overwhelmingly high, the “D-3He” reactor is desirable for mobile bodies and general use.
The “D-D” reactor may be increased in size to produce tritium (3H, tritium T), shield neutrons n and process heat, and under a small organizational management system. One solution is to use power generation and produce helium 3 (3He) in a limited manner.
The prevalence of the “D-3He” reactor is thought to be a driving force for procuring helium 3 (3He) from the moon and asteroids.
After helium 3 (3He) is procured from the moon, asteroids, etc., it is desirable to decommission the “DD” reactor.
A fusion reactor containing tritium (3H, tritium T) is considered to require the same management system as a fission reactor.
We also hope that all charged particle beam collision reactors will not be used for weapons or weapons.

It is possible to provide a propulsion device for a fusion power generation device, a spacecraft, an aircraft, a ship, a vehicle, etc. by a pure fusion reaction that does not emit radioactivity. Although a small amount of radioactive material is involved, it is possible to provide a fusion power generation apparatus using inexpensive deuterium fuel. It can also be used for waste disposal with high-energy charged particles.

1H Hydrogen nucleus (proton, proton particle p) 10 Moderator (water) 19 Reflector (lead)
2H deuterium nucleus (deuterium D) 32 polyhedron (truncated icosahedron)
3H Tritium nucleus (tritium T) 3He Helium 3 nucleus
4He Helium nucleus (alpha particle α)
50 propellant 50a air 50b powder 51 tank 51a air tank 51 hydrogen gas 52 deuterium gas 53 helium 3 gas 54 helium gas 55 vacuum vessel 56 ventilation port 57 heat exchange chamber 58 mixing reaction chamber
60 charged particle beam collision fusion reactor 61 charged particle generator 61a acceleration grid 62 particle accelerator 62a acceleration grid 62d delay circuit 62s switch
62t traveling wave particle accelerator 63 electron lens 63c capillary
64 Deflector 64e Electric field type deflector 64m Magnetic deflector 64x Charge mass separator 65 Regenerative decelerator 65b Deceleration grid 65d Delay circuit 65f First stage grid 66 Thermally driven pump 67 Grid 67a Acceleration grid 67r Reaccelerator 68 Ion recovery path 68n Unreacted Fuel 68t Ion recovery tube 69 Neutralizer (electron generator)

80 Aircraft / Space Shuttle 81 Heated Nuclear Jet Engine 82 Wing 83 Tail 84 Engine Flap 85 Cargo Chamber 86 Turbine
87 Electric motor 88 Generator 89 Metering pump
90 Spacecraft 91 Charged Particle / Propellant Mixed Engine (Engine Module)
92 Attitude control module 93 Injection nozzle 94g Landing leg 94h Robot arm 94s Particle shield 95 Cargo module 96 Crew module 97 Sky crane / vehicle (built-in)
98d Generated particle deflector 98r Generated particle reflector 99r Radio wave reflector 99a Antenna

Charged particles 1H (p), 2H (D), 3H (T), 3He and 4He (generated by a reaction other than the DD reaction) are recovered from the ion recovery path 68 and the unreacted particle 68n recovery path. The collected charged particles are accelerated to about 10 keV by the particle accelerators 62 and 62t, and 1H (p), 3H (T), 2H by the charge mass separator 64x (magnetic spectrometer) using the difference in charge mass ratio. (D) Separate in the order of 4He (α) and 3He. The tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is accelerated to 60 keV, a fusion reaction is performed with the deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) accelerated to 40 keV, and the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is immediately consumed.

FIG. 12 (a) shows an example of a nuclear fusion reactor having a configuration in which only the “DD” reaction and the “DT” reaction are normally used.
Since the capillary 63c can bend the path gently, the right D and T capillaries 63c are arranged close to each other. There is only one set of D “charged particle beam generators” facing each other.
The direction of the charged particle beam is instantaneously switched by the deflector 64 at the tip of the capillary 63c or the drive mechanism of the support, and the velocity corresponding to each is changed (700 keV for the “DD” reaction, 40 for the “DT” reaction). Charged particles 2H (D) are launched at ˜60 keV.
From the ion recovery path 68 attached to the regenerative decelerator 65 and the two unreacted fuel recovery paths (when assembled in the shape of a truncated icosahedron) 32 charged particles and unreacted fuel 68n ( 1H (p), 2H (D), 3H (T), 3He, and 4He (α)) are recovered through the ion recovery tube 68t without being neutralized, and accelerated again from the difference in charge mass ratio. The system is configured to separate the particles and consume the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) within 1 second.
FIG. 12C shows the configuration of the ion recovery tube 68t. The traveling wave type particle accelerator 62t of FIG. 6 is formed into a cylindrical shape with a constant thickness, and an electrode for inducing charged particles is provided on the outside, and a plus or minus height consisting of three phases (φ0, φ1, and φ2). Charged particles are transferred by sequentially applying a voltage at a constant cycle.
The ion collection tube 68t is connected to 32 ion collection paths 68 in a single stroke to collect the generated particles, average the pulsed generated particles, and send them to the charge mass separator 64x.

The present invention relates to a fusion power generation apparatus that performs a pure fusion reaction and that can constitute a fusion fuel cycle that does not discharge radioactive materials to the environment, and a propulsion apparatus for a moving body.

Regarding power generation using fission reaction, the danger was strongly recognized due to the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima Prefecture that occurred in 2011.
Research on nuclear power generation using nuclear fusion has been carried out energetically all over the world, but there is no safe method that has established a prospect for practical use.

Currently, research on nuclear fusion reactors is underway, including magnetic plasma confinement with a fuel containing radioactive material and inertial fusion with laser irradiation.
“DD” reaction (deuterium-to-deuterium fusion reaction) and “DT” reaction (deuterium-tritium fusion reaction), which are aimed at self-ignition of fusion reactions Research on fusion reactions involving radioactive materials such as

  There are also studies using charged particle beams, but they are mainly for heating magnetically confined fusion plasmas or for irradiating inertial fusion pellets instead of laser beams. There is no research on the method of generating a fusion reaction by colliding each other.

In addition, the method using plasma has a drawback that if a fusion product is accumulated in the plasma, the fusion reaction becomes complicated and the radioactive material increases.
Also, many fusion reactors currently being studied require a process for converting heat into electricity, which increases the scale of the plant and reduces the efficiency of conversion to electricity.

Research has already been conducted on a magnetic plasma confinement type nuclear fusion reactor that can directly extract energy as electricity. However, since a reaction containing radioactive materials such as tritium is used, there remains a problem in safety.

Apparatus for generating directional ion beam from gas or liquid Patent application title: Fusion Reactor for Power Controlled fusion and direct energy conversion in magnetic reversal configuration 2009-512985 Continuous Pulse Traveling Wave Accelerator Two particle beam accelerators for causing a collision Patent application title: ENERGY-CONTAINING CAPILLY, ENERGY APPARATUS, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD Patent 5711865 Volume variable axial flow screw pump and external combustion engine

Study of D-3He fusion in LHD http://www.nifs.ac.jp/report/NIFS-MEMO-021. pdf Feasibility of fusion reactor viewed from tritium: http://www.jspf.or.jp/Journal/PDF_JSF/jspf2011_08/jspf2011_08-503. pdf Advanced Fuel D-3He Study of experimental rules of artemis direct energy conversion in fusion http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSPF_TEXT / jspf2008 / jspf2008_02 / jspf2008_02-117-jp. pdf Computer simulation of traveling wave type direct energy converter http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSPF_TEXT / jspf 1999 / jspf 1999_12 / jspf 1999_12-1396-jp. pdf 1. Necessity and requirements of D-3He fusion http: // jassx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jsfp 1995_06-471. pdf 2. Physical properties of D-3He fusion reaction http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSPF_TEXT / jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-475. pdf 3. D-3He fusion reactor and FRC system http://jassx.ils.uec.ac.jp/JSPF/JSFF_TEXT/jspf1995/jspf1995_06/jspf1995_06-481. pdf 4). Generation of FRC plasma http://jassx.ils.uec.ac.jp/JSPF/JPFF_TEXT/jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-491. pdf 7). Direct energy conversion http://jassx.ils.uec.ac.jp/JSPF/JSFF_TEXT/jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-516. pdf 8). D-3He Fusion Fuel Siztem http://jassx.ils.uec.ac.jp/JSPF/JSPF_TEXT/jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-522. pdf 9. Helium 3 resource [1] http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf 1995 / jspf 1995_06 / jspf 1995_06-526. pdf

D3He fusion-generated proton energy distribution and direct energy conversion http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf2002 / jspf2002_07 / jspf2002_07-685. pdf Estimated neutron generation from 3He3He fusion reaction plasma: http: // jassx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JPFF_TEXT / jspf1990 / jspf1990_11 / jspf1990_11-430. pdf 3He Advanced Fuel Fusion Prospects http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSPF_TEXT / jspf 1989 / jspf 1989_01 / jspf 1989_01-5. pdf 3. Use of plasma at the collision point of linear collider http: // jassx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf1994 / jspf1994_04 / jspf1994_04-362. pdf 4). Let's turn on atmospheric pressure plasma http: // jasosx. ils. uec. ac. jp / JSPF / JSFF_TEXT / jspf2008 / jspf2008_01 / jspf2008_01-19. pdf Refinement of low-frequency pulse-driven atmospheric pressure plasma jet and time-resolved measurement http: // www. jspf. or. jp / jspf_annual09 / JSPF26 / pdf / 1pD17P. pdf Generation of low-velocity multiply charged ion microbeams using the guide effect of glass capillaries http: // beam. spring8. or. jp / localfs / beam_Web / Proceedings / Proceedings_2008 / Ikeda. pdf Generation of nano-sized reaction field using atmospheric pressure plasma jet with nanocapillary http: // www. jspf. or. jp / jspf_annual10 / JSPF27 / pdf / 03P26. pdf SuperKEKB accelerator http: //www.SuperKEKB for unprecedented luminosity kek. jp / ja / PublicRelations / DigitalLibrary / 2011618_1_Akai. pdf KEKB accelerator unprecedented luminosity achieved http: // www-acc. kek. jp / kekb / Talk / oide / 10% 5E34. pdf Development of double nozzle type powder jet deposition device http: // lcdev. kek. jp / MechWS / 2007 / MW07-09 Yoshihara. pdf Acceleration of plasma by magnetism (plasma gun and magnetic traveling wave piston) https: // www. jstage. jst. go. jp / article / jspf1958 / 8/3 / 8_3_235 / _pdf

  The problem to be solved is that many fusion reactors that are currently being researched take out energy as enormous heat, are difficult to use in mobile objects, and use nuclear reactions involving radioactive materials. Therefore, there is a problem with safety.

  This invention selectively uses only the nuclear fusion reaction that does not generate dangerous radiation such as radioactive materials and neutrons, and as a means for directly converting the energy generated by the fusion reaction into a form other than heat, The present invention proposes a means (power conversion means) that directly acquires kinetic energy as electric energy and a propulsion means for a moving body.

Table 1 shows fusion reactions and generation energies using deuterium nuclei 2H (deuterium D) and tritium nuclei 3H (tritium T) as fuel.
Table 1 Examples of well-known fusion reactions
Although the fusion reaction containing tritium (3H, T) was purposely listed, neutron n and tritium nucleus 3H (T) were included, and tritium was 3.6 × 10 ¹⁴ Bq per 1 g, half-life 12. It is a radioactive material that is gaseous at room temperature, which emits weak β-rays for 3 years and decays into helium 3, but is extremely dangerous when exposed internally.
In fusion reactors using these nuclear reactions, according to Non-Patent Document 2, it is necessary to simultaneously remove tritium (3H, T) from the plasma in the reactor in parallel with the operation. If a serious accident occurs, there is a risk that the tritium (3H, T) in the reactor will be scattered like the fission reactor.

  Although the total amount of tritium (3H, T) contained in the contaminated water generated by the Fukushima nuclear accident is less than 1 gram, the contaminated water accumulates but cannot be collected. As shown in Non-Patent Document 10, in order to operate a practical nuclear fusion reactor using the “DT” reaction of about 200 MW, it is necessary to handle several tens of kilograms of tritium (3H, T) as fuel. However, even if the hydrogen storage alloy is used to avoid the risk of scattering, the stored material may be more dangerous than the nuclear fission reactors that have been in operation since the radioactive material in the reactor and during the separation process may be scattered. It should be recognized that this is a highly efficient plant.

  Neutrons n can react with heavy nuclei and have played a central role in fission reactions in fission reactors. The neutron n itself decays in an average of 15 minutes, so it is thought that the effect disappears in a short time after the operation of the fusion reactor is stopped, but it has a large effect on the reactor wall, such as embrittlement of the core wall. . Moreover, since neutron n does not have an electric charge, a means for directly extracting energy as electricity cannot be used.

Table 2 is a list of fusion reactions using a fuel containing helium trinuclear 3He that does not generate radioactive material.
Table 2 Examples of pure fusion reactions
In the “D-3He” reaction, energy of about 18 MeV is released in the form of flying helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) and hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton or proton particle p).
In “3He-3He”, energy of about 13 MeV is released in the form of flight of helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) and two hydrogen nuclei 1H (proton or proton particle p).
These two types of fusion reactions are fusion reactions that do not contain radioactive materials and release only charged particles, so as proposed in Non-Patent Documents 3, 4, 9, 12, etc., Means for obtaining directly as electrical energy can be used.

In order to generate a nuclear fusion reaction, it is necessary to peel off the electrons of the fuel material to form charged particles, and then make them collide at a velocity exceeding the Coulomb barrier of the nucleus.
For a Coulomb barrier of about 575 keV for the “D-3He” reaction, the production energy is about 18 times about 18 MeV.
For the Coulomb barrier of about 1150 keV for the “3He-3He” reaction, the generated energy is about 13 times about 13 MeV.
The energy required for generating and accelerating the charged particle beam is required to be less than the energy that can be extracted as electric energy. This corresponds to a kind of critical condition of a fusion reactor.

Regarding the method of colliding the deuterium 2H (D) beam and the helium 3 nucleus 3He beam at a speed exceeding the Coulomb barrier, there are many facilities as a collision experiment facility for elementary particle research using a particle accelerator. Although the reaction rate itself is low, as shown in Non-Patent Documents 20, 21, etc., nuclear reactions can be reliably generated at the research level.
If the beam density is low, the probability of causing a nuclear fusion reaction is small, and it cannot be established as a commercial power facility. In order to put it into practical use as a commercial power facility, it is necessary to increase the power of the beam and to accurately converge the beam, and to achieve a stable nuclear fusion reaction by colliding particles that greatly exceed 3.3% (in the case of “D-3He” reaction). And each part is required to be efficient.

In order not to emit radioactive materials, it is necessary to prevent fusion reactions other than specific reactions. Non-Patent Document 13 shows that the reactions shown in Table 3 occur side by side as side reactions when a beam of helium trinuclear 3He is implanted into a plasma of helium trinuclear 3He.
Secondary fusion reactions include gamma rays γ, beryllium Be, and lithium Li.
Table 3 Side reactions of plasma fusion

With a method in which charged particle (fuel particle) beams collide in opposition (hereinafter referred to as “charged particle beam collision method”), undesired nuclear reactions are greatly reduced, and “D-3He” reaction or “ A fusion reaction by the “3He-3He” reaction can be selectively generated.
(The charged particle beam collision method can generate nuclear fusion by the “DD” reaction or the “DT” reaction. However, since the main reaction includes a radioactive substance, the generation of the radioactive substance is suppressed. It is not possible.)

It is well known that a nuclear accelerator can generate a nuclear reaction, but nuclear destruction experiments (exploration of elementary particles) have been the focus, and use as an energy device has not been considered.
Only a specific fusion reaction can be selectively generated to suppress generation of radioactive substances.
In order to perform “pure nuclear fusion” without discharging radioactive materials, there is no option other than “D-3He” reaction or “3He-3He” reaction by charged particle beam collision method.

It is possible to provide a nuclear power generation device by a pure fusion reaction that does not emit any radioactive material, and propulsion devices for spacecraft, aircraft, ships, vehicles, and the like.
In addition to bringing about energy reform, it is possible to provide a means of transportation using a power source different from the conventional method, and it can be applied to waste disposal, etc., and can be applied in all fields.

Configuration of charged particle beam collision fusion reactor (A) Fuel beam path diagram, (b) Detailed beam deflection diagram (A) Appearance of regenerative speed reducer (pentagon), (b) Appearance of regenerative speed reducer (hexagon), (c) Cross section of regenerative speed reducer, (d) Equivalent circuit of regenerative speed reducer, (e) Polyhedron ( (Figure showing regenerative speed reducer assembly state) Level diagram of charged particles Charged particle flight diagram (A) Explanatory diagram of electric field piston type particle accelerator, (b) acceleration voltage waveform Front view of aircraft / space shuttle (a), (b) top view, (c) engine longitudinal sectional view, (d) engine transverse sectional view, (e) partially enlarged view of vacuum vessel and heat exchange chamber, (f) Capillary area Injection speed and thrust against injection mass Spacecraft (a) External view, (b) Engine longitudinal sectional view, (c) Engine transverse sectional view Outer space probe (a) Front view, (b) Top view, (c) Engine cross section (A) “DD”, “DT”, “D-3He” combined furnace (A) “DD” / “DT” combined reactor, (b) neutron shielding / thermal-electric conversion, (c) ion recovery tube sectional view, (d) “DD” reactive particle flight diagram, (E) “DT” reactive particle flight chart

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a charged particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor.
The fusion reactor of the charged particle beam collision system includes deuterium (2H, deuterium D) and helium 3 (3He) fuel gases 52 and 53, a fuel gas charged particle generator 61, a particle accelerator 62, an electron lens 63, Although not shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic deflector 64m, the vacuum vessel 55, the regenerative speed reducer 65, and the like, include an ion recovery path 68, a neutralizer (electron generator) 69, and the like.

  The charged particle generator 61 ionizes the fuel gas, and the accelerator 62 accelerates the deuterium nucleus 2H (D) to 160 keV and the helium trinuclear 3He to 240 keV (both have the same speed of 3,914 km / S). The center of the vacuum vessel 55 is collided (the fusion reaction point is indicated by “facing arrows” in the figure).

In order to reduce unnecessary side reactions, collision is performed at a speed (400 keV) where the relative speed does not exceed 575 keV which is a Coulomb barrier. The fused particles are hydrogen nuclei 1H (proton or proton particles p) of 14 MeV (51,780 km / S), helium 4 nuclei 4He (alpha particles α) of 3.5 MeV (12,945 km / S), Fly in the opposite direction.
Since the masses of the fuel particles 2H and 3He are different, an impact of 80 keV is generated in the collision, but they fly almost isotropically.

According to Non-Patent Document 1 (Fig. 1.2-1) and Non-Patent Document 6 (Fig. 2.2), the reaction cross section when deuterium nucleus 2H (D) and helium 3 nucleus 3He collide is the Coulomb barrier. Has a maximum in the vicinity of 400 keV (smaller than the theoretical value of 575 keV), and is about 0.8 barns (10 ⁻²⁴ cm ² ).
The Coulomb barrier between helium 3 nuclei 3He is doubled, but the reaction cross section is not large.

In the vacuum vessel 55, a regenerative speed reducer 65, which is a device that takes out the kinetic energy of the charged particles 1H and 4He generated by the fusion reaction as electric energy by electromagnetic induction action, is a fusion reaction point (facing each other in the figure). (Indicated by arrows.)
Since the generated particles 1H and 4He (both charged particles having a positive charge) jump out, the kinetic energy can be used as heat, and energy can be obtained as direct electrical output by electromagnetic induction or the like.

FIG. 2A shows a beam path diagram of the fuel particles 2H and 3He with the regenerative speed reducer 65 in the vacuum vessel 55 removed. (Although different from FIG. 1, the beam path is bent by the deflector 64 and provided in the gap of the regenerative speed reducer 65.)
Charged charged particles 2H and 3He are injected from two locations on the left and right sides of the vacuum vessel, and the charged particle beam as a fuel is deflected once or several times by a magnetic deflector 64m, and then collides at the center of the vacuum vessel 55. Let

In order to prevent the fuel particles 2H and 3He that have not undergone the nuclear fusion reaction from occurring in the fuel particle beam, an undesired nuclear fusion reaction is caused to be deflected by the magnetic deflector 64m in a different direction from the incident fuel particles, Separated and recovered as unreacted fuel particles 68n. The recovered unreacted fuel particles 68n can be refined and used again as fuel.
FIG. 2B shows details of beam deflection. The direction of the magnetic field of the two magnetic deflectors 64m is opposite. Since the different nuclei contained in the fuel particle beam are deflected in different directions, it also serves to increase the purity of the fuel particles 2H and 3He. (It is necessary to consider that the separated heterogeneous nuclei do not collide with the opposing particles.)

Although the Coulomb barrier between the deuterium nucleus 2H (D) and the helium trinuclear 3He is 575 keV (9400 km / S), Non-Patent Document 1 (FIG. 1.2-1) and Non-Patent Document 6 (FIG. 2). According to .2), at 400 keV, the reaction cross section σ of the “D-3He” fusion reaction is about 0.8 barns (10 ⁻²⁴ cm ² ). Because 7.28 × 10 ²⁰ particles per second are narrowed to a diameter of 0.2 μm at a relative velocity v (7,828 km / S), and charged particles with a particle density ρ are driven into the other charged particles. Considering a cylinder with a length of 7.83 × 10 ⁸ cm,
ρ = 7.28 × 10 ²⁰ /(π×(0.1×10 ⁻⁴ ) ² × 7.83 × 10 ⁸ )
≒ 1.48 × 10 ²¹ [cm ³ ]
The mean free path λe where the number of particles is 1 / e is
λe = 1 / (ρ · σ)
≒ 844 [cm]

In the central part of the collision, each particle is halved, and the reaction region greatly extends to the left and right beyond the mean free path λe, resulting in a fusion reaction in a long region exceeding 10 m. Become.
When the length of the furnace is about 10 m, the fusion reaction continues until the charged particle beam is separated by the magnetic deflector 64 m, and the magnetic deflector 64 m is exposed to the fusion-generated particles. (It is very difficult to converge within 10 μm within 0.2 μm and to overlap two types of fuel beams (2H and 3He) over the whole area.)

A regenerative speed reducer 65 is included so as to surround the fusion reaction point (indicated by the opposite arrow in the figure), and a velocity modulation is performed by placing an electrode to which a high frequency voltage is applied in charged particles flying at high speed, The density change of the charged particles can be recovered as high-frequency power with the electrode arranged at the rear. (Various methods have been proposed in Non-Patent Documents 4, 9, 12 and the like for recovering power as electric power.)
The charged particles that have lost their velocity collide with the walls of the ion recovery path 68 biased to a positive voltage, obtain electrons, neutralize them, and recover them as a gas. Using the wall of the ion recovery path 68 as an electrode, the kinetic energy remaining in the charged particles can be recovered as electric power. (Proposed in Non-Patent Document 12.)

The particles that have passed without undergoing the fusion reaction are recovered as unreacted fuel 68n.
Fusion reaction product particles 1H, 4He fly in all directions in the same direction. The ratio of the generated particles colliding with the fuel particles is considered to be sufficiently small since the beam diameter of the fuel particles is as small as 0.2 μm.
Since particles scattered in the furnace also cause an unintended nuclear reaction, it is desirable to collect them by applying a potential gradient inside the furnace.

Next, consider AC driving the particle accelerator 62 at a frequency of 2,000 Hz.
Since the charged particles are collected at one point of the drive waveform, the accelerated charged particles form a pulsed bunch.
Consider a case where the cycle of the fuel particles is 500 μS and the pulse width is 10 nS.
Since the velocity of the fuel particles is 3,914 km / S, bunches having a distance of 1,957 m and a length of 3.9 cm are formed.
When the fuel particles are synchronously converged to 0.5 μm from the left and right, and collided at a relative velocity of 7,828 km / S, most of the particles collide within a central range of about 2 cm.
As the rear part of the bunch, the ratio of remaining unreacted particles increases and is deflected by the magnetic deflector 64m and recovered as unreacted fuel particles 68n.

The 32 regenerative speed reducers 65 constituting the polyhedron 32 (the regular icosahedron with 12 faces of regular pentagon and 20 faces of regular hexagon) of the charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor 60 with generated power of 200 MW are per one. The energy of 4.7 to 7.2 MJ will be handled.
Circulating pipes are arranged in each part of the regenerative speed reducer 65 for cooling, but the temperature where the energy concentrates increases.
The size of the furnace is determined by the heat resistant temperature of the material used, the cooling capacity for the energy handled, and the like.
In addition, it is necessary to use a material that generates less secondary particles and gas as the material used in the furnace.

The electron lens needs to converge within 0.5 μm within a range of 4.7 cm from a position 1 m or more away. (It is possible to change the arrangement of the electron lens closer to the fusion reaction point.)
In the jointed state, the beam is fired while changing the deflection direction little by little in a state where the beam is thick (not converged), and a direction in which the fusion reaction is maximized is searched. Furthermore, by increasing the degree of convergence and repeatedly searching for the maximum reaction direction. The adjustment of the magnetic deflector 64m is repeated so that the entire bunch of charged particle beams collides. (A method is also conceivable in which a sensor is arranged in the recovery path for unreacted fuel particles 68n to determine the direction of the fuel particle beam.)

Since the hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton, proton particle p) and the helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) generated as a result of the fusion reaction fly at different speeds, the time at which they reach the regenerative speed reducer 65 is also different.
The regenerative decelerator 65 is designed to be optimized for decelerating the hydrogen nuclei 1H (p) that occupy 80% of the total energy.

The helium nucleus 4He (α) that has arrived late is slightly accelerated and then decelerated, but the induced voltage is low, and there is a possibility that sufficient energy cannot be recovered.
In addition, a method may be considered in which the helium nucleus 4He (α) that has arrived late catches up with the deceleration of the hydrogen nucleus 1H (p) and decelerates together. That is, a method of spacing the deceleration grid 65b, or a first stage regenerative decelerator that decelerates only the hydrogen nuclei 1H (p) and a two-stage where the helium nuclei 4He (α) catch up and decelerate together. A method to divide into eye regenerative reducers is considered.

  Variations in the convergence position due to vibration cause a shift in the palmar state and cause the nuclear fusion reaction to stop. Although seismic isolation and anti-vibration measures are taken, the effects of furnace vibrations can be offset and mitigated by making the flight time of the fuel particles until the collision exactly the same.

FIGS. 3A to 3F are explanatory diagrams of the shape and configuration of the regenerative speed reducer 65 and the principle of obtaining power directly from the flying generated particles 1H and 4He.
Since the generated particles 1H and 4He fly evenly in all directions, the regenerative speed reducer 65 is arranged so as to surround the fusion reaction point without any gaps with reference to the method of constructing the surface such as regular polyhedron and quasi-regular polyhedron. doing.

  Induced charges (negative) generated in the grid 65b due to the generated particles 1H and 4He (both positive charges) flying in a pulse shape in the radial direction are transmitted to the next grid 65b with a delay from the flying speed of the generated particles 1H and 4He. As a result, the generated particles 1H and 4He are braked from behind and further induced charges are propagated and propagated. The regenerative speed reducer 65 converts the kinetic energy of the generated particles 1H and 4He into electric energy.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show the appearance of each regenerative speed reducer 65. A plurality of pentagonal or hexagonal reduction grids 65b are stacked, and as shown in the sectional view of (c) and the equivalent circuit of (d), it is composed of a delay circuit 65d.
The pentagonal and hexagonal regenerative speed reducers 65 are assembled so as to constitute the polyhedron 32 (the truncated icosahedron) of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3C, an acceleration grid 67 a to which a negative voltage is applied is arranged so as to prevent the generated particles 1 </ b> H and 4 </ b> He that have been sufficiently decelerated from staying in the vacuum container 55, and led to the ion recovery path 68. A potential gradient is attached.
Inside the ion recovery path 68 made of a conductive material, electrons are added to neutralize and return to gas for recovery, and the charge of the generated particles 1H and 4He is converted into current.

If neutralization is performed by supplying electrons inside the vacuum vessel 55, gas molecules (1H, 4He) are retained. Therefore, a magnetic field insulation diode is formed inside the ion recovery path 68, and electrons and gas molecules ( 1H, 4He) do not return to the center of the reactor.
When deflecting the fuel particles 2H and 3He, when generating particles 1H and 4He are decelerated, radiant light is generated, but it is removed by providing countermeasures and potential gradients that do not generate an electron cloud even at the locations irradiated with the radiant light. It is necessary to take measures.

  The surface of the deceleration grid 65b and the delay circuit 65d constituting the regenerative speed reducer 65 is covered with an insulating material such as ceramic, and is charged to a positive potential by the collision of the generated particles 1H and 4He, and is biased to a positive voltage. Since the charges having the same polarity repel, collision of charged particles 1H and 4He decreases with the passage of time.

In consideration of the influence of the grid in the previous layer, the grids in the second and subsequent layers are arranged at positions where the collision of the generated particles 1H and 4He is small.
Since the tip of the center side of the delay circuit 65d is not insulated, a positive charge pulse is received immediately before the generated particles 1H and 4He reach the first deceleration grid 65b, and the positive pulse is sequentially transmitted to the deceleration grid 65b. The generated particles 1H and 4He are decelerated. (The charged particles are neutralized in the furnace. It is necessary to recover the neutralized particles.)
The first-stage decelerating grid has a distributed constant grid 65f without using a lumped constant delay circuit because the velocity of the generated particles is as fast as 17% of the speed of light and the propagation in the grid becomes uneven.

The heat of the regenerative speed reducer 65 generated by the collision of the generated particles 1H and 4He is taken out through the cooling pipe provided inside the delay circuit 65d, and combined with the heat of the gas recovered and neutralized by the ion recovery path 68, Used for power generation.
In order to prevent charged particles and electrons from staying inside the vacuum vessel 55, the inside is cleaned by applying a potential gradient constantly or during a rest period.

FIG. 4 is an energy level diagram of charged particles.
The charged particles 2H and 3He generated by the charged particle generator 61 are accelerated to 160 keV and 240 keV by the particle accelerator 62, and collide at the center of the nuclear fusion reactor to generate a fusion reaction.
It represents that the hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton p) flies with 14 MeV and the helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) fly with energy of 3.5 MeV by the fusion reaction, and loses energy by the regenerative decelerator 65 and decelerates.

FIG. 5 shows a flight situation of charged particles in charged particle beam collision type fusion.
The vertical axis represents the radius (m) centered on the fusion reaction point. Two straight lines from the radii 3 and -3 to zero indicate the flight of the fuel particles 2H and 3He from the two deflectors 64 toward the center, and two broken lines from the zero to the radius 6 indicate unreacted fuel particles 68n. The two curves show how the charged particles 1H and 4He generated by the nuclear fusion reaction fly in all directions and are decelerated by the regenerative decelerator 65.
The horizontal axis is the time axis (μS). (This is a case where the distance between the deflectors 64 is 6 m and the repetition frequency is 2,000 Hz.)

  Since the flying speeds of the generated particles generated by the fusion reaction are different, the group of hydrogen nuclei 1H (p) first reaches the regenerative decelerator 65 and is decelerated. Next, a group of helium nuclei 4He (α) arrives and does not decelerate (rather than accelerate) while it is slower than the delay speed of the delay circuit 65d, and receives deceleration in an area where the delay time of the delay circuit 65d becomes large.

The electrical output of the regenerative speed reducer 65 is output as a pulse voltage corresponding to the generated particles 1H and 4He.
If unreacted fuel particles and fuel particles cross, an unnecessary fusion reaction occurs, so it is necessary to prevent them from crossing. (In the flight situation of FIG. 5, it does not intersect, but it can intersect if the pulse interval is reduced.)
Since there is no thermal time constant, the response of the power generation output to the drive signal of the particle accelerator 62 is extremely fast.

Non-Patent Documents 16 and 17 show a simple method for generating atmospheric pressure plasma. In addition, plasma acceleration methods have been studied in Non-Patent Document 23. In these methods, charged particles with an interval of 3,914 m are compressed into 3.9 cm long bunches (time interval 500 μS, pulse width 10 nS). Not enough. (It is considered possible with the high-frequency particle accelerator for research introduced in Non-Patent Documents 20, 21 and the like.)

FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram of the charged particle generator 61 and the electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t, and describes a method of using the electrical output of the regenerative speed reducer 65 as an acceleration voltage.
Electric power is supplied from the outside, or positive and negative pulse outputs of the regenerative speed reducer 65 are rectified and stored in a capacitor.
The charged particle generator 61 generates charged particles 2H or 3He from the fuel gas and transmits only the charged particles by using the particle permeable membrane 61s, etc., thereby preventing the fuel gas (molecules) from being mixed in. Supply highly charged particles. Charged particles are induced by applying a negative voltage to the grid 61a.

The electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t is provided with a plurality of annular electrodes on the outer side of a tapered container made of a strong insulator such as quartz or ceramic, and a plurality of acceleration grids 62a electrically insulated inside. Provided.
When charged particles are charged on the inner surface of the electrically insulated container of the electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t, the charged particles gradually repel, so that they collide with the inner wall of the electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t and the acceleration grid 62a. No longer.
The acceleration grid 62a is provided to accelerate the charged particles accurately toward the tip of the container so as not to increase the emission of the charged particles. In the portion where the diameter of the container is small, the acceleration grid 62a is omitted.

An acceleration voltage for accelerating charged particles gradually from a low speed and without increasing the emission is applied to the electrodes of each stage of the acceleration grid 62a from the delay circuit 62d at any time. A single charged particle bunch can be generated by applying a sex pulse.
(After the charged particles are generated, the delay circuit 62d is returned to zero volts, and the charged particles generated by the charged particle generator 61 are accumulated in the electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t.)

In order to generate a bunch of charged particles, the switch 62s is switched, and a negative voltage (−) is first applied to the delay circuit 62d, and then a positive voltage (+) is applied. First, a negative voltage and then a positive voltage propagate to the delay circuit 62d in the right direction in the figure.
From each stage of the delay circuit 62d, an electrode provided around the electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t and a voltage of a bipolar pulse delayed to the acceleration grid 62a appear. Although a bias due to charging is applied, the charged particles are attracted by the negative voltage of the electrode and the acceleration grid 62a, and are accelerated by repelling the positive voltage.

Since the delay circuit 62d sends bunch of 10 nS at intervals of 500 μS, elements with small impedances are arranged in order in the traveling direction, and a voltage waveform for compressing charged particles in the axial direction is generated.
Each stage of the delay circuit 62d is connected to a diode via a switch, and has a configuration in which the delay time is greatly different between the upward and downward (current direction) of the pulse waveform.
The rising speed of the subsequent positive pulse is faster than that of the preceding negative pulse, and the charged particle bunch is advanced while being compressed in the traveling direction.

Further, the switches S1 to Sn at each stage are turned on from the negative to the positive (or from the positive by using a semiconductor switch such as silicon carbide) after the voltage at the previous stage becomes sufficiently high (or low). In order to sharpen the rise (or fall) of the waveform (to the negative), a resonance circuit of inductance and capacitance is temporarily configured, and the half cycle of the resonance waveform (from the negative or positive peak to the peak of reverse polarity) Thus, charges are transferred without waste.
FIG. 6B shows a waveform of the acceleration voltage with the bunch delivery time set to zero. Since all terminals (nodes) cannot be shown, N ₀ to N ₃ , N ₁₃ and N ₁₄ are shown.

By accurately switching the switches S1 to Sn using the reference signal, the two electric field piston type particle accelerators 62t of the deuterium nucleus 2H and the helium trinuclear 3He are synchronized with each other, and the bunches of the respective charged particles are synchronized. Can be fired accurately at the same time.
The charged particles are accelerated in accordance with the taper shape of the container while reducing the cross-sectional area, and are also compressed in the axial direction to form a bunch of charged particles and are ejected at a predetermined speed.
The output of the delay circuit 62d (power remaining after particle acceleration) is not shown in the figure, but can be rectified and reused.
The electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t can be configured integrally with the delay circuit 62d.

Table 4 Fuel consumption of power plants
Table 4 calculated the fuel consumption of the power plant with an electrical output of 200 MW, assuming that the efficiency is 100%.
If the fusion reaction rate is 80% and the electric conversion efficiency is 84%, the total efficiency is 67%, deuterium (2H, D) is 11.5kg, helium 3 (3He) However, 17.3 kg of fuel is required. (Does not include reuse of unreacted fuel and power generation using recovered heat.)
Deuterium (2H, D) is sufficiently present in seawater, but helium 3 (3He) is hardly present on the earth. As shown in Non-Patent Document 11, it is considered to be abundant on the moon, asteroids, etc., and it is considered possible to collect it.

Further, the ionic currents of the two kinds of charged particles 2H and 3He as the fuel reach a total of about 35 A, and must converge and collide with each other within 0.5 μm of the center of the vacuum vessel 55.
Two pairs of the charged particle generator 61 and the particle accelerator 62 constitute one pair, but a plurality of pairs can be arranged at different angles in the vacuum vessel 55 of one beam collision type fusion reactor 60. In this case, it is necessary to adjust the injection timing and position of the fuel beam in order not to cause an unintended nuclear reaction between different pairs. It can be used for boosting operation or as a backup.

It is the only fusion power plant that does not handle radioactive material fuel. In any severe accident, there is no radioactive material in the charged particle beam collision fusion reactor 60, so there is no radiation scattering and it is safe.
In constructing an actual nuclear fusion reactor, high-energy charged particles are handled, so it must be designed to prevent unintended nuclear reactions.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the heating type jet engine 81. (A turbine engine is illustrated as an example, but it can be used for a heat source such as a piston engine or a variable volume axial flow screw pump disclosed in Patent Document 7.)
FIG. 7 (a) is a front view of the space shuttle 80, and FIG. 7 (b) is a top view. Using a biplane triangular wing with a large lift, the aircraft gradually takes off from a general airport and gradually increases its altitude. It can be used as an aircraft that travels in the stratosphere, or as a space shuttle that carries heavy objects to Earth orbit.
A tail wing 83 having a large area is used to stabilize the posture when entering the atmosphere and to decelerate. The opening state of the engine flap 84 at the air intake port can be varied according to the density (altitude) of the atmosphere.

7C is an engine longitudinal sectional view 81, FIG. 7D is an engine transverse sectional view, FIG. 7E is a partially enlarged view of the vacuum vessel 55 and the heat exchange chamber 57, and FIG. It is an enlarged view of a peripheral part.
The heated jet engine 81 applies heat from the charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor 60 to the sucked air and injects it backward by the expansion force of the heated air to obtain thrust.
When high-energy charged particles are released into the atmosphere, air molecules are ionized and unnecessary nuclear reactions may occur. Also, if air enters the fusion reactor, the degree of vacuum decreases and the fusion reaction cannot be continued.
The cross-sectional shape of the vacuum vessel 55 is a hollow star, the outside is a heat exchange chamber 57, and the particles 1H and 4He of the fusion reaction collide with the wall surface at a small visual oblique angle, and a part of the kinetic energy is obtained. While changing to heat, it leads to the ion recovery path 68.
The vacuum vessel 55 has a star-shaped cross section so that the generated particles 1H and 4He do not return to the center.

The inner surface of the vacuum vessel 55 is made of a highly durable insulating material such as smooth surface ceramics, and is charged with charged particles, charged to a positive charge, and totally reflects the charged particles. The generated particles 1H and 4He reach the ion recovery path 68 while losing kinetic energy due to several reflections, take electrons from the conductive wall surface, neutralize them, and recover them as gas (1H and 4He).
The wall outside the vacuum vessel 55 (on the heat exchange chamber 57 side) uses a high-resistance electrically conductive material, and converts the induced current caused by the generated particles 1H and 4He flying in a pulse shape into heat.

The heated jet engine 81 uses a capillary 63c whose tip is thinned to 1 μm for convergence and deflection of the fuel particles 2H and 3He.
As shown in FIG. 7 (f), the capillary 63c has a cross-shaped support portion that is retracted to avoid the influence of the flying of the product particles 1H and 4He of the fusion reaction, and firmly supports the capillary 63c. A mechanism for finely adjusting the direction of the capillary 63c is incorporated.
Since vibration is generated by an airflow passing through the heat exchange chamber 57 or the like, a change in the convergence position due to the vibration of the apparatus may cause a collision point shift and cause a fusion reaction to be interrupted. By making the flight time of the charged fuel particles until the collision exactly the same, the influence of vibration can be reduced.

A capillary is used to selectively irradiate individual cells with charged particles in the biological field, as shown in Patent Document 6 and Non-Patent Documents 18 and 19, and heats a glass pipe. It is a taper-shaped part that is stretched and cut and whose one end is thinned.
When charged particles are added from the thick side of the capillary, the inner surface is charged, and the charged particles incident at a minute angle on the inner wall surface of the capillary are totally reflected. Even charged particles exceeding 10 MeV are easily reflected. It is also shown in the document that it can converge to 1 μm or less (about 100 nm minimum). Since high-power charged particles are handled, the number of passing particles increases, and therefore it is considered that the capillary 63c needs to use a durable insulating material such as quartz or ceramic.

  In order to reduce the influence of vibration, when the particle accelerator 62 is driven at a repetition frequency of 1 μm and 600 Hz, the charged particle beam has a period of 1.67 mS, and the pulse width is 50 nS, Is 3,914 km / S, so a bunch with a spacing of 6,524 m and a length of 19.6 cm is formed. Since the relative velocity collides at 7,828 km / S, most particles collide within a central range of about 10 cm.

  Unreacted particles remain at the back of the bunch. There is a possibility of reaching the opposite capillaries, running backward in the capillaries, and colliding with the other fuel particles staying in the capillaries. Although the collision energy is low and the reaction rate is estimated to be low, if a nuclear fusion reaction occurs inside the capillary 63c, a large load is applied on the inside, causing damage.

As shown in the detailed view of FIG. 7 (f), after the fuel particle bunch is delivered, the electric field type deflector 64e provided on the side of the tip of the capillary 63c (FIG. 7 (f) has a linear cross-sectional shape. However, it is composed of four planar electrodes), and the unreacted fuel particles 68n are kicked and recovered through the ion recovery path 68. This deflection electric field can be driven by the surplus output of the delay circuit 62d when the electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t of FIG. 6 is used.
In addition to the ion recovery path 68, a refrigerant circulation path is provided in the capillary support portion (not shown).

Furthermore, an acceleration electrode may be provided around the capillary 63c to constitute an extension of the electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t. (Up to the capillary 63c can be used as the electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t, which can contribute to downsizing of the apparatus.)
A certain voltage is applied to the electric field type deflector 64 so that the orbits of the different nuclei contained in the fuel beam are slight (about the width of the fuel particle beam), but are configured to suppress unintended nuclear reactions. Can do.
Furthermore, when the acceleration by the particle accelerators 62 and 62t is different and different nuclei are concentrated at the head or rear of the bunch, a pulsed voltage is applied to the electric field type deflector 64 provided at the tip of the capillary 63c, Can be removed by kicking.

The regenerative speed reducer 65 in the vacuum vessel 55 converts the kinetic energy of the charged particles (generated particles) into electric energy, and drives the electric motor to rotate the turbine 86.
The engine flap 84 is expanded to take in outside air, compressed by the turbine 86, sent to the heat exchange chamber 57, heated and expanded through the wall surface of the vacuum vessel 55 having a star-shaped cross section, and thrust by injecting it backward as a high-speed air flow Get.

After reaching an altitude where the atmosphere cannot be used, the engine flap 84 is closed, and the air accumulated in the air tank inside the machine is supplied from the ventilation port 56 to the heat exchange chamber 57, so that thrust can be maintained even outside the atmosphere.
A lightweight and high-pressure air tank made of carbon or the like is built in the wing 82 to ensure the capacity of the air tank and the strength of the wing 82.

At the time of returning, the speed is sufficiently reduced by the engine injection, the tail wing 83 is erected in a posture, decelerates, glides and heads to the landing point. During the gliding, the engine flap 84 is opened, and the air taken from the ventilation port 56 is compressed further by a compression pump (not shown) driven by the rotation of the turbine 86 and accumulated in an air tank in the blade 82. Thus, a part of the potential energy is recovered as high-pressure air.
The heated jet engine 81 starts the turbine with compressed air accumulated in the blades or electric power.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the injection velocity (v = √ (2 · E / (m · m _m ))) and thrust (T = (m · m _m ) · v) when the injection mass is changed. When the mass magnification on the left axis of FIG. 8 is 1, a thrust of 6.3 N is obtained by directly injecting hydrogen nuclei 1H (p) out of charged particles of a 200 MW fusion reaction product into a vacuum. It is shown that.
(Mass of hydrogen nucleus 1H (p): 1.67 × 10 ⁻²⁷ , energy: 14 MeV (5.18 × 10 ⁷ m / S))

When the effective area of two turbines with a diameter of 5 m is about 40 m ² and flying near the sea surface at 250 km / h, the air with a density of 1.25 kg / m ³ is taken in at 2,700 m ³ (3,300 kg) per second, Heat and spray. Since the mass m of the hydrogen nucleus 1H (p) which is a 200 MW fusion product is 0.12 mg / S, the mass magnification _mm is approximately 2.5 × 10 ¹⁰ .
The helium nucleus 4He (α) also has a thrust of 6.3 N, but the mass magnification is as low as 1/4, so it is not included in the calculation. (It can be corrected by multiplying by 1.25.)

From FIG. 8, thrust T: 1.00MN and injection speed v: 330 m / S (about 1,200 km / h), which is a calculation that provides sufficient thrust as a large aircraft. (The process of increasing the mass (heat exchange, turbine efficiency, etc.) is not taken into account. If the mass magnification is reduced, the heat exchanger will be overheated, so it is necessary to lower the fusion rate and lower the output. is there.)
To advanced 10,000m is amount that air density is lowered, by increasing the velocity is believed that they can maintain a mass ratio m _m since the amount of intake air increases. In the stratosphere where the atmospheric density further decreases, the thrust is sustained by using the compressed air accumulated in the air tank in the wing as a propellant, and the acceleration is accelerated to 8 km / s at an altitude of 160 km.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the charged particle / propellant mixed engine 91.
FIG. 9A is an external view of the spacecraft, which is a spacecraft 90 including a cargo module 95, an engine module 91, an occupant module 96, and a sky crane 97. Each module is connected using the module standard “joint coupling mechanism CBM” used in the International Space Station, and can be freely rearranged using a robot hand 94h attached to the base of the landing leg 94g.

FIG. 9 (b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the engine, and FIG. 9 (c) is a transverse sectional view of the engine, in which the container of the six-top cruciform polyhedron is doubled. The inside is a container of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60, and the outside is a heat exchange chamber 57 for propellant.
The charged particles 1H and 4He flying in the vertical direction from the center of the beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor 60 in FIG. 9B are decelerated by the regenerative decelerator 65 and converted into electric energy. (The charged particles 1H and 4He may be neutralized and collected, or may be mixed in the propellant because there is no concern of polluting the earth's atmosphere.)
Although not shown in the drawing, the unreacted fuel 68n is kicked and removed by the electric field type deflector 64e provided at the tip of the capillary 63c after the fuel particles 2H and 3He are sent out.

The propellant (air 50a) supplied from the upper and lower sides of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60 by the constant supply pump 89 is heated around the heat exchange chamber 57 and mixed from the outside of the double nozzle. It is injected into the chamber 58.
In order to prevent the circulation of the propellant from becoming unstable, a path that spirals around each cross-shaped arm of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60 is formed in the heat exchange chamber 57, although not shown in the figure. doing.

Charged particles (generated particles) 1H and 4He flying in the horizontal direction from the center of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60 in FIG. 9B are injected into the mixing reaction chamber 58 from the inside of the double nozzle. The heated propellant is further mixed and heated and injected from the nozzle 93 into outer space.
Although not shown in the drawing, a magnetic container can be formed in the mixing reaction chamber 58 and the nozzle 93.

The charged particles (generated particles) 1H and 4He are electrically neutralized inside the mixing reaction chamber 58 when the wall surface is conductive, but the neutralizer 69 is operated as necessary.
The fusion reactor 60 is started and the propellant is added after the temperature of the reactor wall has risen sufficiently. Since the propellant passes through the outside of the double nozzle with a strong direction, it is shaped so as not to flow into the fusion reactor 60 due to the venturi effect.

The energy generated by the “3He-3He” reaction is less than that of the “D-3He” reaction, and the Coulomb barrier is more than twice as difficult to handle, but helium 3 (3He) can be easily obtained on the moon, asteroids, etc. Therefore, an engine that can use only helium 3 (3He) as a single fuel has high utility value. According to Non-Patent Document 13, the reaction cross section of the “3He-3He” fusion reaction is much smaller than the reaction cross section of 10 ⁻² burns and “D-3He” at 1 MeV. (It reaches 0.1 barns at 10 MeV and 1.0 barns at 30 MeV, but the input energy increases.)

  The helium trinuclear 3He beam of fuel particles is converged to 1 μm, the driving frequency of the particle accelerators 62 and 62t is 10 Hz, the period of charged particle bunches is 100 ms (interval 391 km), and the pulse width is 20 nS (length 7.8 cm). In order to generate the nuclear fusion reaction, it is necessary to sufficiently increase the density of the fuel particles 3He.

The propellant is efficiently expanded by directly mixing and heating the produced particles 1H and 4He in the mixing reaction chamber 58 using air, water, and other substances having a large mass as compared with hydrogen and helium as a propellant. Can be injected to obtain thrust.
When powder is used as a propellant, although not shown in the figure, it is pulverized to the micron unit as shown in Non-Patent Document 7, and mixed in advance with a gaseous propellant before being put into the mixing reaction chamber 58. By doing so, the mass of the propellant can be increased. If it is not mixed homogeneously, it will cause vibration.

In manned spacecraft, waste is generated, but it can be broken down to the atomic level by drying, turning it into powder, and mixing and heating it with charged particles (generated particles) in a fusion reactor. (It can also be used to decompose harmful chemical substances.)
Since the waste can be treated and can be used as a propellant, the transport mass of the propellant can be reduced, and debris caused by the dumping of the waste into space can be prevented.

The spacecraft 90 is a minimum configuration example necessary for navigating between planets and satellites in the solar system.
By rotating the long axis of the spacecraft (about 10 rpm if the rotation radius is 10 m), gravity of about 1 G due to centrifugal force can be obtained. By connecting the occupant module 96 to the lower layer of the engine module 91, it is possible to match the direction of gravity at the time of landing and acceleration for changing the trajectory.

The particle shielding plate 94s is disposed on the solar side away from the occupant module 96, generates a magnetic force by the power of the solar cell, and shields radiation from the sun.
The particle shielding plate 94s gently deflects charged particles (mainly hydrogen nuclei 1H and helium nuclei 4He) flying from the sun outward by closed magnetic field lines created by two solenoid coils arranged in opposite directions. By doing so, the generation of synchrotron radiation and secondary particles is suppressed, and charged particles are shielded.
When a superconducting coil by natural cooling can be used, a sufficiently strong magnetic force can be generated.
At the time of landing, a particle shielding plate 94s is attached to the movable arm, and the sun is automatically tracked to shield charged particles.

In general, if there is a thrust corresponding to the Martian gravity (0.35G), it can take off and land on planets and satellites in the solar system with little air. A thrust of about 200 kN is required for a spacecraft with a total mass of 30 tons.
Because the large specific thrust of the charged particle beam collision type fusion engine can be used, the number of days required for interplanetary flight can be greatly shortened.
Mars cannot glide with its wings because it has a thin atmosphere, but it can take in the atmosphere (mainly CO ² ), accumulate it in a tank, and use it as a propellant for takeoff.

  By providing beam collision fusion reactors 60 and 88 of about 200 kW independent from the charged particle / propellant mixed type engine 91, in addition to obtaining the necessary power, the waste is dried and pulverized, and the Sabatier reaction is used. This makes it possible to circulate and use oxygen and water, and to maintain a high level of occupant life. When constructing a fusion reactor with a small electrical output, the fuel particle convergence is increased to 0.25 μm and the repetition period is set to 100 mS to increase the density of the fuel particles and increase the reaction cross-section “D-3He” reaction. It is necessary to adopt.

The spacecraft 90 can be remotely operated for both manned aircraft and cargo aircraft, and requires functions of automatic landing and automatic navigation. Durability of about 50 years is required, and by performing two or more simultaneous navigations, the quickest response can be performed in the event of an accident.
By attaching the cargo module 95 to the sky crane 97 and descending on the track, and separating the cargo module 95 at the same time as landing, the cargo module can be lowered and transported quickly.
By pulling the sky crane wire over the attitude control module, the load on the module due to artificial gravity can be reduced and reinforced.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an outer space probe that navigates outside the solar system.
(A) is a front view (surface facing the earth), (b) is a top view. (C) is a sectional view of the engine.
The focal point of the radio wave reflector 99r in the shape of the offset parabola coincides with the center of gravity including the radio wave reflector 99r and the fuel tanks 52 and 53, so that the position change of the center of gravity due to fuel consumption does not occur. ing.
The engine of the outer space probe 90 is rotatably mounted so as to share a center of gravity around an axis incorporating the charged particle accelerators 62 and 62t, and can change the injection direction.
Since the outer space probe 90 navigates while spiraling around the sun, the angle toward the earth (the direction in which radio waves are transmitted) and the injection direction of the engine are different.

Thrust is obtained by opening a part of the beam collision type fusion reactor 60 and releasing charged particles directly into space. In order to deflect the high energy charged particles 1H and 4He flying in all directions in one direction, the generated particle reflector 98r and the generated particle deflector 98d are used, and the regenerative decelerator 65 and the reaccelerator 67r are combined. Then, the decelerated charged particles 1H and 4He are accelerated again in the target direction and injected. A method of accelerating particles existing in outer space backward is also conceivable.
Since the generated energy is small in the “3He-3He” reaction, “D-3He” is used as the fuel. In the fusion reaction of “D-3He”, the energy of the hydrogen nucleus 1H (p) is 14 MeV (about 17% of the speed of light), so there is a possibility that the outer space probe 90 itself can be accelerated to about 10% of the speed of light. is there.

Table 5 is a radio link design with a distance of 4 light years.
Consider driving a 100 megawatt radio transmitter.
A transmission frequency of 1 GHz to 50 GHz is considered appropriate.
The free space loss for a distance of 3.776 × 10 ¹⁶ m is overwhelmingly large at 364 dB, but Pr> Prn, so a huge antenna and a helium-cooled low-noise receiver are used to receive signals in the 6 kHz band. Can be calculated.
Table 5 Line design

Because it is a space probe navigating outside the solar system, it consumes a huge amount of fuel, but the value of accelerating to around 10% of the speed of light by taking advantage of a large specific thrust and making constant acceleration large.
The distance to the nearest star, Alpha Centauri, is 4.2 light-years, so if you take into account the fact that you are navigating in a spiral, etc., even if you get a speed of 10% of the speed of light, It will take more than 50 years from the launch to reach.
The total weight of deuterium (2H, D) and helium 3 (3He) fuel required to operate the 200 MW beam collision fusion reactor 60 continuously for 50 years will exceed 960 kg.
Since remote control is impossible, it is necessary to provide autonomous exploration capability.

Since there is no sufficient amount of helium 3 (3He) on the earth as a fuel, it is very difficult to realize nuclear fusion that does not contain radioactive materials.
Since the “DD” reaction and the “DT” reaction are nuclear fusion containing radioactive materials, they have not been exemplified as examples, but the charged particle beam collision type fusion apparatus of the present invention is not limited to these examples. It can also handle fusion reactions.
Re-arrange the problems in fusion.
The first point is the generation of neutrons, which may include embrittlement / activation of the reactor wall, effects on the human body, etc., but it can be dealt with with the technology of the fission reactor. Disappear.
The second point is the generation of the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T), and the influence on the surroundings due to leakage is a serious problem as described above.

A proposal to solve this problem is added here as an example.
The solution is not to accumulate triple element 3H (tritium T). Two furnaces are prepared, and the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) produced by the “DD” reaction is immediately consumed by performing the “DT” reaction, thereby limiting the abundance of radioactive materials to a very small amount. be able to.
Table 6 is a table listing the optimum collision energy and reaction cross-section for each reaction and the reaction cross-sections of other reactions with reference to FIG. 2.2 of Non-Patent Reference 6.
Table 6 Reaction cross section of fusion reaction

Table 7 lists some of the nuclear reactions involving the hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton, proton p). When the fusion reaction is continued without purifying the fusion product, positron e ⁺ , gamma ray γ, neutrino ν _e, etc. are generated, but can be extracted as effective energy in the charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor. Have difficulty.
Table 7 Nuclear reactions involving the hydrogen nucleus 1H (proton, proton p)

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which three pairs of “charged particle beam generators” are formed in one furnace at different angles.
The left side of the figure uses deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) as fuel, and the right side uses deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D), tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T), and helium trinuclear 3He in order from the top. And
The first “D-D” and “D” paired “charged particle beam generator” pair performs a “DD” reaction, but requires 1.4 MeV and reacts with 0.2 barns. Small cross-sectional area. Since this is the first fusion reaction, no impurities are mixed in, but two kinds of fusion reactions occur simultaneously, and four kinds of particles (p, n, T, 3He) fly. (The neutron n does not have a charge and has a strong permeability, and is decelerated and absorbed by the neutron moderator (water) 10 in the heat exchange chamber 57 and is not collected in the ion recovery path 68.)
The second “DT” and “T” pair of “charged particle beam generators” are paired to perform a “DT” reaction.
The third “D-3He” and “3He” paired “charged particle beam generator” pairs are used to perform the “D-3He” reaction.
Since neutron n cannot be recovered as electric energy, the energy recovered as heat increases. A heat exchange chamber 57 filled with a moderator (water) 10 is provided outside the vacuum vessel to shield and cool neutrons.

  Charged particles 1H (p), 2H (D), 3H (T), 3He and 4He (generated by a reaction other than the DD reaction) are recovered from the ion recovery path 68 and the unreacted particle 68n recovery path. The collected charged particles are accelerated to about 10 keV by the particle accelerators 62 and 62t, and 1H (p), 3H (T), 2H by the charge mass separator 64x (magnetic spectrometer) using the difference in charge mass ratio. (D) Separate in the order of 4He (α) and 3He. The tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is accelerated to 60 keV, a fusion reaction is performed with the deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) accelerated to 40 keV, and the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is immediately consumed.

The reaction cross section of the “DT” reaction is 5 barns, whereas the reaction cross sections of the “DD” and “D-3He” reactions are as small as 0.03 barns, which is almost “DT”. Only the reaction occurs. Since the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is constantly decayed into the helium trinuclear 3He, separation by the charge mass ratio by the deflector 64 in the furnace is also effective.
Since the beam diameter is about 1 μm, the separation distance depends on how the beam spreads, but about 10 μm can be expected to have a sufficient reaction suppression effect. The reaction can be greatly suppressed.

The hydrogen nuclei 1H (p), deuterium nuclei 2H (D), helium 3 nuclei 3He, and helium nuclei 4He (α) separated by the deflector 64 are neutralized and accumulated in the tank. The helium nucleus 4He (alpha particle α) and the deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) have almost the same charge-mass ratio, and are difficult to separate. (Can be separated by chemical reaction.)
A “D-3He” reaction is performed with a pair of “charged particle beam generators” labeled “D-3He” and “3He”, but by colliding at 400 keV (2H: 160 keV, 3H: 240 keV), Since the “D-3He” reaction is 1 barns, the “DT” reaction is 0.8 barns, and the “DD” reaction is 0.13 barns, the influence of impurities that cannot be separated is slightly reduced. .
When particles recovered without separation are used as fuel, side reactions become complicated, extra energy is required to accelerate particles that do not contribute to the reaction, and particles with various energies fly simultaneously. The design of the regenerative speed reducer 65 may be difficult.

FIG. 12 (a) shows an example of a nuclear fusion reactor having a configuration in which only the “DD” reaction and the “DT” reaction are normally used.
Since the capillary 63c can bend the path gently, the right D and T capillaries 63c are arranged close to each other. There is only one set of D “charged particle beam generators” facing each other.
The direction of the charged particle beam is instantaneously switched by the deflector 64 at the tip of the capillary 63c or the drive mechanism of the support, and the velocity corresponding to each is changed (700 keV for the “DD” reaction, 40 for the “DT” reaction). Charged particles 2H (D) are launched at ˜60 keV.
From the ion recovery path 68 attached to the regenerative decelerator 65 and the two unreacted fuel recovery paths (when assembled in the shape of a truncated icosahedron) 32 charged particles and unreacted fuel 68n ( 1H (p), 2H (D), 3H (T), 3He, and 4He (α)) are recovered through the ion recovery tube 68t without being neutralized, and accelerated again from the difference in charge mass ratio. The system is configured to separate the particles and consume the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) within 1 second.
FIG. 12C shows the configuration of the ion recovery tube 68t. The electric field piston type particle accelerator 62t of FIG. 6 has a cylindrical shape with a constant thickness, and an electrode for inducing charged particles is provided on the outside, and a positive or negative height consisting of three phases (φ0, φ1, and φ2). Charged particles are transferred by sequentially applying a voltage at a constant cycle.
The ion collection tube 68t is connected to 32 ion collection paths 68 in a single stroke to collect the generated particles, average the pulse-shaped generated particles, and send them to the charge mass separator 64x.

In the “DD” and “DT” reactions, neutron n flies with a lot of energy, so the maximum energy that can be directly taken out as electricity is 32.4%, and the heat output is 67.6. Occupy more than 50%. In the case of the same output, the diameter of the vacuum vessel 55 can be reduced by about 30%. A moderator (water) 10 is filled in a heat exchange chamber 57 surrounding the charged particle beam type nuclear fusion reactor 60, and neutron n is decelerated and heat-converted.
FIG. 12B shows the shielding and thermal conversion of neutron n by water 10 and the heat-driven pump 66 (Patent Document 7) and the heat-electric converter by generator 88). An example composed of 32 units constituting a square 20 surface) is shown. Each unit is made into a shape in which an arbitrary unit can be removed for maintenance, and is engaged at different angles so that neutrons that have traveled linearly do not leak from the gap.
FIG. 12D shows a particle flight diagram by the “DD” reaction and FIG. 12E shows the “DT” reaction. (The locus of the unreacted particles 68n is omitted.)
Charged particles 1H, 2H, 3H, 3He and 4He are regenerative speed reducer 65, and neutron n is transmitted through regenerative speed reducer 65 and decelerated by neutron moderator (water) 10. In order to shield the neutron n that has passed through the neutron moderator (water) 10 and the neutron reflector (such as lead) 19 for safety, a concrete wall is further required outside.

During operation, the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) is dispersed inside the vacuum vessel 55, the ion recovery paths 68 and 68t, the particle accelerators 62 and 62t with the symbol T, the charge mass separator 64x, and the capillary 63c. Exist. In the case of a furnace that consumes 1.0 g of fuel per hour, the amount of tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) produced is estimated to be about 0.1 mg per second. (If it takes 1 second to circulate the tritium T. If it goes around at 100 mS, it becomes 0.01 mg even less.)
By using a mechanism in which the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) in the furnace is consumed as much as possible, including during an emergency stop, the remaining amount at the time of stop is 0.1 μg (3.6 × 10 6 ⁷ Bq) is expected to be reduced to around. (When the repetition period of the “DT” reaction is 1,000 Hz)
Furthermore, by increasing the number of particles of deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D), the reaction rate of tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) can be increased to 99.99% or more, so the remaining amount is 0.01 ng. It can be reduced to (3.6 × 10 ³ Bq) or less. By repeating this process, the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) can be completely extinguished. (Many unreacted fuel particles of deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) remain.)
After the extinction operation of the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) by earthquake detection or the like, the power supply can be maintained by switching to the “D-3He” reaction and continuing the operation.

Although the remaining amount of the tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T) could be limited, it is still a very dangerous substance. In the future, there is a possibility that the general use of the “charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor” will be expanded by reducing the power and size, and there will be a tritium (3H, tritium T) leakage accident in proportion to the spread. It is thought to increase. In addition, since the accident rate of mobile bodies is overwhelmingly high, the “D-3He” reactor is desirable for mobile bodies and general use.
The “D-D” reactor may be increased in size to produce tritium (3H, tritium T), shield neutrons n and process heat, and under a small organizational management system. One solution is to use power generation and produce helium 3 (3He) in a limited manner.
The prevalence of the “D-3He” reactor is thought to be a driving force for procuring helium 3 (3He) from the moon and asteroids.
After helium 3 (3He) is procured from the moon, asteroids, etc., it is desirable to decommission the “DD” reactor.
A fusion reactor containing tritium (3H, tritium T) is considered to require the same management system as a fission reactor.
We also hope that all charged particle beam collision reactors will not be used for weapons or weapons.

It is possible to provide a propulsion device for a fusion power generation device, a spacecraft, an aircraft, a ship, a vehicle, etc. by a pure fusion reaction that does not emit radioactivity. Although a small amount of radioactive material is involved, it is possible to provide a fusion power generation apparatus using inexpensive deuterium fuel. It can also be used for waste disposal with high-energy charged particles.

1H Hydrogen nucleus (proton, proton particle p) 10 Moderator (water) 19 Reflector (lead)
2H deuterium nucleus (deuterium D) 32 polyhedron (truncated icosahedron)
3H Tritium nucleus (tritium T) 3He Helium 3 nucleus
4He Helium nucleus (alpha particle α)
50 propellant 50a air 50b powder 51 tank 51a air tank 51 hydrogen gas 52 deuterium gas 53 helium 3 gas 54 helium gas 55 vacuum vessel 56 ventilation port 57 heat exchange chamber 58 mixing reaction chamber
60 charged particle beam collision fusion reactor 61 charged particle generator 61a acceleration grid 62 particle accelerator 62a acceleration grid 62d delay circuit 62s switch
62t electric field piston type particle accelerator 63 electron lens 63c capillary
64 Deflector 64e Electric field type deflector 64m Magnetic deflector 64x Charge mass separator 65 Regenerative decelerator 65b Deceleration grid 65d Delay circuit 65f First stage grid 66 Thermally driven pump 67 Grid 67a Acceleration grid 67r Reaccelerator 68 Ion recovery path 68n Unreacted Fuel 68t Ion recovery tube 69 Neutralizer (electron generator)

80 Aircraft / Space Shuttle 81 Heated Nuclear Jet Engine 82 Wing 83 Tail 84 Engine Flap 85 Cargo Chamber 86 Turbine
87 Electric motor 88 Generator 89 Metering pump
90 Spacecraft 91 Charged Particle / Propellant Mixed Engine (Engine Module)
92 Attitude control module 93 Injection nozzle 94g Landing leg 94h Robot arm 94s Particle shield 95 Cargo module 96 Crew module 97 Sky crane / vehicle (built-in)
98d Generated particle deflector 98r Generated particle reflector 99r Radio wave reflector 99a Antenna

Claims (11)

Charged particles generated by ionizing gas of an element serving as a fuel are accelerated by a Coulomb force to form a charged particle beam, a particle accelerator 62 that converges the charged particle beam, and a charged particle beam flying by a Coulomb force. Two sets of “charged particle beam generators” composed of deflectors 64 that change the direction are provided, and the charged particle beams collide oppositely at the center of the vacuum chamber 55 at a speed exceeding the Coulomb barrier determined by the combination of fuel atoms. Those that use the kinetic energy of high-energy particles that generate fusion reactions and fly in all directions (things that are used as heat, those that are extracted directly as electrical energy, or physical reactions, chemical reactions, and physical effects) (Including those using (thrust)), and two charged particle (fuel particle) beams collide against each other. The charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor 60, characterized in that for generating a nuclear fusion reaction Te.
A particle accelerator 62 (high-frequency particle accelerator) that intermittently generates a charged particle (fuel particle) beam and a polyhedron 32 such as a truncated icosahedron surrounding the fusion reaction point are arranged to intermittently make any direction. And a regenerative decelerator 65 (configured by a delay circuit 65d and a decelerating grid 65b or a distributed constant decelerating grid) that decelerates generated particles (charged particles) flying at high speed by electromagnetic induction and extracts electric energy. The charged particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor 60 according to claim 1, characterized in that:
By entering a charged particle (fuel particle) beam, the inner surface of a tapered container made of a highly durable insulating material such as ceramic is totally reflected, and the opening at the narrowed tip is charged. 3. The charged particle beam collision fusion reactor 60 according to claim 1, further comprising a capillary 63 c capable of converging particles (fuel particles). 4.
Accelerating electrode and accelerating grid 62a are arranged in a tapered container made of a highly durable insulating material such as ceramic, and negative and then positive bipolar pulses are applied first to sharpen the rising waveform. The bipolar particles are sequentially applied to the acceleration electrode and the grid 62a through the delay circuit 62d having the characteristic of propagating faster and more accurately than the preceding fall, and the charged particles are compressed in the axial direction by Coulomb force. The charged particle beam collision type fusion according to claim 1, further comprising a traveling wave type particle accelerator 62 t that is capable of emitting charged particle (fuel particle) bunches by compressing in a radial direction in accordance with the shape of the charged particle beam. Furnace 60.
As a means to suppress unintended nuclear reactions,
Make charged particles collide at an appropriate speed according to the combination of fuel particles,
Separating different nuclei contained in the charged particle beam in different directions by a deflector 64;
Do not allow particles or molecules to stay or scatter in the furnace,
Do not neutralize charged particles in the furnace,
A potential gradient is provided in the furnace to remove the electron cloud and floating charged particles.
An ion recovery path 68 for recovering generated particles (charged particles) and unreacted fuel particles 68n is provided.
Suppress the generation of synchrotron radiation by gently deflecting or decelerating charged particles,
The collected charged particles are separated by a charge mass separator 64x to form fuel particles.
In addition, the vacuum vessel 55 and internal components use materials that do not generate secondary particles or gas.
The charged particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor 60 according to claim 1, wherein one or more countermeasures are taken.
Two fuel particle beams launched opposite to each other
Deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) and helium 3 nucleus 3He,
Both are helium trinuclear 3He,
Deuterium nucleus 2H (deuterium D) and tritium nucleus 3H (tritium T), and
Both are deuterium nuclei 2H (deuterium D),
The charged particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor 60 according to claim 1, wherein:
An ion recovery tube 68t made of an insulating material such as ceramic is provided, which is provided with electrodes for applying alternating voltages of different phases for quickly transporting charged particles (nuclear fusion generated particles and unreacted fuel particles) by Coulomb force. The charged particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor 60 according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
Engines that use heat (including heat generated by electromagnetic induction current) derived from the energy of the particles produced by the fusion reaction (engines that incorporate a turbine, piston, variable volume axial flow screw pump, etc., and generate electricity) , Including those that use mechanical force and those that obtain thrust by jetting), including propellants (air taken from the outside, gas stored in the tank, and liquid premised on vaporization). A heat exchange chamber (including a heat exchange chamber 57 surrounding the vacuum vessel 55 and a cooling mechanism provided inside the vacuum vessel 55) is provided. Charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor 60.
A mixing reaction chamber (58) for mixing and heating a propellant (50) (a gas 50a, a liquid premised on vaporization, or a powder 50b mixed with a gas) with high energy generated particles. 1 to 8 charged particle beam collision type fusion reactor 60;
An engine that obtains thrust in a vacuum, and some of the high-energy particles that fly in all directions generated by the fusion reaction
A part of the vacuum vessel 55 is opened and released in a specific direction.
A generation particle reflector 98r or a generation particle deflector 98d is provided to change the flight direction and emit,
Alternatively, the charged particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor 60 according to claim 1, wherein a thrust is obtained by providing a reaccelerator 67 r to reaccelerate and release the generated particles (charged particles).
11. Charge according to claim 1, comprising a heat exchange chamber 57 filled with a neutron moderator 10 arranged to surround the vacuum vessel 55 when using a nuclear fusion reaction emitting neutrons. Particle beam collision type nuclear fusion reactor 60.