JP2016096706A - Generator or motor of minimum gap - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate attachment of a rotor even with a minimum gap, without requiring high processing accuracy, and to achieve with a mechanism as convenient as possible.SOLUTION: A minimum gap is achieved by employing a mechanism capable of moving a rotor 3 or a stator in a direction for narrowing or widening the gap, and then preventing direct contact by using a lubricant or an adjustable stopper after energizing to narrow the gap. The field is weakened by providing a mechanism which moves the rotor or stator of a motor using a permanent magnet so as to widen the gap or to reduce the facing area, during high speed rotation of a motor using a permanent magnet.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure of a gap between a rotor and a stator of a rotating electrical machine using electromagnetics.

  In the prior art, it is understood that the performance is improved as the gap distance is narrowed in the generator or the electric motor that holds the gap distance between the rotor and the stator by a mechanical structure. There was a problem and I couldn't make it too narrow. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for improving the processing accuracy.

  In addition, since a counter electromotive force is generated in an electric motor, it is necessary to weaken the field and reduce the counter electromotive force in order to improve the efficiency at high rotation. Various methods are used in an electric motor using a permanent magnet. Has been proposed. As a method for increasing the gap interval, for example, Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, and the like shift the relative position of the rotor and the stator in the axial direction of the rotor to reduce the facing area of the gap. For example, Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6 are disclosed.

However, in the above example, only the minimum gap of the electric motor or the field weakening at the time of high rotation is to be realized independently. For generators and many types of motors, a minimum gap is always desirable, and for motors using permanent magnets, a minimum gap and field weakening at high speeds are required to improve efficiency in a wide range of rotation. It is desirable to realize two of the magnets simultaneously. In summary, it is an object of the present invention to realize the following three, which is a difference from the prior art.
1. A generator or motor that achieves a very small gap.
2. Permanent magnet electric motor that can change the width of the gap or the opposing area of the gap to achieve a minimum gap during low and medium rotations and a field weakening during high rotations simultaneously.
3. It does not require high machining accuracy, and it is easy to assemble the rotor even with a very small gap.

  JP 2008-92705 A   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-332195   JP 2005-168190 A   JP 2009-225656 A   JP 2006-136126 A   JP 2008-125235 A

  The present invention is a simple magnet generator and electric motor with a very small gap, and a permanent magnet type electric motor that has a variable gap width or gap facing area and is highly efficient at low and high rotations, without relying on high machining accuracy. The purpose is to manufacture.

  In order to achieve the above object, first, a part or the whole of the rotor or a part or the whole of the stator can be moved in the direction of narrowing or widening the gap. Basically, the mechanical structure is such that the gap interval can be made zero.

  In addition, three methods for preventing a direct contact between the rotor and the stator and realizing a minimal gap without depending on high machining accuracy will be described.

  In the first method, the movable rotor or stator is biased so as to move in the direction of narrowing the gap by means of an elastic body (spring) or the like. (It may be biased in the expanding direction and moved in the narrowing direction during operation.) In order to avoid direct contact between the rotor and the stator, a thin film is formed using a lubricant (oil etc.) in the gap. . By forming a thin film with the lubricant between the rotor and the stator, the lubricant becomes a minimum gap and at the same time reduces the frictional resistance. The material that makes up the iron core of the rotor and stator is metal, and it is normal for internal combustion engines (gasoline engines, etc.) to use lubricants (oil, etc.) to reduce resistance and heat generation due to friction between metals. I can see it.

  In the second method, in addition to the first method, the lubricant is forcibly fed from an opening provided in the gap using an external pump or the like. Thereby, lubrication can be ensured, and the cooling effect of each part can be obtained by circulating the lubricant. The problem of shear resistance due to the presence of lubricant in the smallest gap is reduced by forcing the lubricant.

  In the third method, when the rotor or the stator moves in the direction of narrowing the gap, a stopper is provided so as to stop with a minimal gap. This is achieved by adjusting the stopper during manufacturing and maintenance. Specifically, a rotor or stator that is urged (biasing force A) to move in the direction of narrowing the gap and a stopper that can be moved and fixed that is urged (biasing force B) with a weak force in the opposite direction. Is used. The relationship of the energizing force is A> B. A member with the required gap length (for example, when setting a gap of 0.1 mm, a film having the thickness) is sandwiched between the rotor and the stator at the time of manufacture, and in that state, the stopper is screwed, bolted, nuted or bonded. Fix it with appropriate means such as an agent. After the stopper is fixed, an arbitrary gap can be realized by moving the rotor or the stator, removing the film or the like, and returning the rotor or the stator to the original position again. The biasing means of the stopper may be removed or left if it is not necessary after completion. The biasing means of the stopper is not an absolutely necessary requirement, and may be biased by hand, for example, during manufacture. In short, it is only necessary to be able to energize even temporarily during manufacturing. As described above, a minimum gap can be realized without using a lubricant by using a stopper, but a lubricant may be used in consideration of contact of each part due to cooling or thermal expansion. For applications that do not require variable gap spacing, the movable part of the rotor or stator is then fixed, and the gap spacing is maintained to reduce the resistance of the magnetic circuit of the stator and to provide a robust structure. It can be.

  By the above three methods, a minimum gap can be easily realized without relying on high processing accuracy, and efficiency can be improved in many types of generators or motors.

  Furthermore, for motors that use permanent magnets, in the case of low / medium rotation, in addition to achieving a minimum gap by the above method and improving efficiency, in the case of high rotation, the field of the permanent magnet is We can improve efficiency by weakening.

  (Method Example 1) A high-pressure lubricant is discharged from a discharge port provided in the gap portion, thereby generating a force in a direction opposite to the movable rotor and the force urged by the stator, thereby widening the gap. Hold. In other words, when the rotor or stator is biased in the direction of narrowing the gap, a minimum gap is maintained if the pressure at which the lubricant is fed is weakened, and a wide gap is maintained if the pressure of the lubricant is increased. It becomes possible. In this case, the lubricant outlet provided in the gap needs to be set large so that the high-pressure lubricant can be discharged.

  (Method 2) A force that widens the gap by providing a pressure chamber in a movable rotor or stator and adopting a mechanism that generates a force in the direction opposite to the force urged by the pressure of the lubricant. Can be made strong and reliable. That is, the movable rotor or stator is moved like a piston under the pressure of the lubricant. In this case, the lubricant outlet provided in the gap is set to be small enough to realize a very small gap and reduce friction. When the pressure of the high-pressure lubricant more than the amount that can be discharged from the smaller discharge port is applied, a force is applied to the pressure chamber and the iron core moves in the direction of widening the gap. Therefore, the width of the gap can be varied by the pressure of the lubricant.

  (Method Example 3) A pulley mechanism is provided on the movable iron core portion and the yoke portion, and a belt or wire (steel, aramid fiber, etc.) and a mechanism for winding up the belt or wire are provided. By winding up the belt, the movable core portion moves in the direction of widening the gap. Therefore, the width of the gap can be varied by adjusting the belt winding force. It is desirable to use a rotating wheel for the pulley mechanism, but a simple rigid member can be used.

  Examples 1 to 3 described above are examples in which the field is weakened by increasing or decreasing the gap interval in the case of a stator of a radial gap type having a large number of teeth and many moving parts. If there are few moving parts, such as a 2-pole or 4-pole DC motor stator, or an axial gap type rotor or moving the entire stator, what is the means to move the actuator, etc.? May be used.

In the case of the radial gap type, the field weakening can be performed by moving the rotor or the stator in the axial direction of the rotor using an actuator or the like to increase or decrease the area of the opposing gap. In combination with the method for realizing the minimal gap, the efficiency can be improved in a wide rotation range from low to high.

  As described above, when assembling the rotor to the stator without the need for high machining accuracy with a rotor that can move in the direction of increasing or decreasing the gap, or with a lubricant or an adjustable stopper that forms a thin film on the gap. It is not difficult, and a very small gap can be easily realized, improving efficiency in many types of generators and motors. Furthermore, by adjusting the pressure of the movable rotor or stator and lubricant, winding the belt, increasing or decreasing the gap interval with an actuator, etc., or increasing or decreasing the opposing area of the gap, A minimal gap and field-weakening at high rotation can be realized at the same time. In this case, in particular, in the case of an electric motor using a permanent magnet, the efficiency can be improved in a wide range from low rotation to high rotation. In the embodiment in which the lubricant is forcibly fed, the cooling effect can be obtained by the lubricant circulating around the stator and the rotor.

Schematic cross-sectional view of a structure that moves a part (tooth part) of a radial gap inner rotor type stator (windings and permanent magnets are not shown) Explanatory drawing which expanded a part of FIG. Schematic cross-sectional schematic diagram of a state in which a part (tooth portion) of a radial gap inner rotor type stator is moved in the direction of widening the gap (windings and permanent magnets are not shown) Schematic cross-sectional view of a structure that moves part of the stator of a permanent magnet DC motor (windings not shown) Schematic cross-sectional view of a structure that moves part of the stator of a permanent magnet DC motor (windings not shown) Schematic cross-sectional view of a structure that moves a part (tooth part) of a radial gap outer rotor type stator, a partially enlarged explanatory view, and a schematic cross-sectional view of a state in which a part of the stator is moved in the direction of widening the gap. (The winding is not shown) Schematic cross-sectional view of a structure that moves an axial gap type rotor (permanent magnet not shown) Schematic cross-sectional view of the structure that moves the entire radial gap inner rotor type stator in the axial direction of the rotor and performs field weakening (permanent magnet not shown) Realizing the minimum gap using oil (Method 1) Method for realizing the minimum gap with oil and oil path and discharge port (Method 2) Realizing a minimum gap using a stopper (Method 3) Realization of minimum gap using stopper (Step 1) Realizing a minimum gap using a stopper (Step 2) How to achieve a minimum gap using a stopper (Step 3) Example of fixing the moving part of the minimum gap realization method using a stopper Method example 1 (variation of low oil pressure) for changing the gap interval Method example 1 of changing the gap interval (high oil pressure) Method example 2 (variation of low oil pressure) for changing the gap interval Method example 2 for changing the gap interval (high oil pressure) Example 3 of how to change the gap interval (when the belt is not wound) Method example 3 (enlarged explanatory diagram) for changing the gap interval Example 3 of how to change the gap interval (when the belt is wound up) Example of creating a movable stator part with laminated oil discharge port and pressure chamber Example of creating a movable stator part with laminated oil discharge port and pressure chamber Perspective view of movable stator part provided with oil discharge port and pressure chamber by laminated steel plate Directional explanation of perspective view and cross-sectional view of FIG. Cross-sectional view of movable stator part with oil discharge port and pressure chamber with laminated steel plate A cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment in which only a very small gap is realized with a permanent magnet DC motor and the gap interval is not changed (winding, brush and commutator are not shown) Realizing a minimum gap using a permanent magnet DC motor stopper (Step 1) Realizing a minimum gap using a permanent magnet DC motor stopper (Step 2) Realizing a minimum gap using a permanent magnet type DC motor stopper (step 3)

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The explanation will focus on an example in which a part of the stator is movable with a radial gap inner rotor type motor. However, the radial gap outer rotor type is used as the stator to achieve the smallest gap and field weakening. Even if a part of the rotor is structured to be movable, a structure in which the entire rotor or stator is movable by an axial gap, or a generator, it is equally effective and feasible.

  1 to 8 are schematic views showing the concept of moving a part or the whole of the rotor or a part or the whole of the stator.

  1, 2 and 3 are schematic cross-sectional views of an embodiment in which a part of a radial gap inner rotor type stator is moved. (Only iron core and yoke are shown, and windings and permanent magnets are omitted)

  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a part of the stator that can move in the direction of increasing or decreasing the gap interval. 2 is a yoke for connecting the above and forming a magnetic path. Reference numeral 3 denotes a rotor, which varies depending on the type of generator or motor, and is various in the case of an armature made of laminated steel sheets, a built-in permanent magnet, a cage shape, a soft iron case, and the like. In addition, there is a case where a tooth portion such as a stepping motor is formed instead of a perfect circle shape as shown in the figure.

  4 and 5 are conceptual cross-sectional schematic views of an embodiment in which a part of a stator of a permanent magnet DC motor is moved. (Only iron cores, yokes and permanent magnets are shown, and windings, commutators and brushes are omitted.)

  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a part of the stator that can move in the direction of increasing or decreasing the gap interval. 2 is a yoke for connecting the above and forming a magnetic path. 3 is a rotor made of laminated steel sheets. 4 is a permanent magnet.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which a part of a permanent magnet type outer rotor type stator is moved. (Only iron core, yoke and permanent magnet are shown and winding is omitted)

  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a part of the stator that can move in the direction of increasing or decreasing the gap interval. 2 is a yoke for connecting the above and forming a magnetic path. 3 is a rotor. 4 is a permanent magnet.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional schematic view of an embodiment in which the rotor of the axial gap motor is moved. (Only iron core and yoke are shown, and windings and permanent magnets are omitted)

  In the figure, 1 is a stator. 2 is a yoke for connecting the above and forming a magnetic path. Reference numeral 3 denotes a rotor that can move in the direction of increasing or decreasing the gap interval. 5 is a spring.

  FIG. 8 is a conceptual cross-sectional schematic view of an embodiment in which the stator of a radial gap type motor is moved in the axial direction of the rotor to perform field weakening. (Only iron core is shown and windings and permanent magnets are omitted)

  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a stator that can move in the axial direction of the rotor, and can change the opposing area of the gap between the rotor and the stator. 3 is a rotor.

  FIGS. 9 to 27 illustrate a method for realizing a minimum gap and a method for realizing a field weakening by taking as an example a case where a part of a radial gap inner rotor type stator is movable.

  FIG. 9 shows an example 1 of a method for realizing a minimum gap using a lubricant (oil or the like). In the figure, a tooth (tooth) portion of 1 movable stator is urged in a direction to narrow a gap by 5 urging means (spring or the like), and is fixed to the rotor using 11 lubricants. This prevents direct contact of the child.

  FIG. 10 is a method example 2 of realizing a minimum gap provided with a lubricant discharge port and path in addition to the method example 1 described above. In the figure, the tooth (tooth) portion of 1 movable stator is urged in the direction of narrowing the gap by 5 urging means (spring etc.), and the lubricant is supplied from 12 paths using an external pump or the like. This prevents the rotor and the stator from coming into direct contact with each other.

  FIG. 11 shows an example 3 of realizing a minimum gap using a stopper. In the figure, the tooth (tooth) portion of 1 movable stator is urged in the direction of narrowing the gap by 5 urging means (spring etc.), and the movement is limited by 13 stoppers to restrict its movement. This prevents direct contact between the child and the stator.

  FIG. 12 shows step 1 of a method for realizing a minimum gap using a stopper. First, a member for setting the gap gap of 14 is sandwiched between the rotor and the stator, and the stoppers 13 are bolts, nuts, screws, adhesives, etc. with the urging forces A and B applied by a spring or the like. Fix by appropriate means. The force relationship of urging is A> B.

  FIG. 13 shows step 2 of a method for realizing a minimum gap using a stopper. When fixing of the stopper is completed, the teeth (teeth) portion of the stator 1 is moved and the member 14 is removed.

  FIG. 14 shows step 3 of the method for realizing a minimum gap using a stopper. After removing the member, an arbitrary gap can be realized by returning the tooth portion of one stator.

  FIG. 15 shows an example in which it is not necessary to change the gap interval in the method for realizing a minimum gap using a stopper. When the process of FIG. 14 is completed, the tooth portion and the yoke portion are connected and fixed by 15 fixing means (bolts and nuts, screws, adhesives, etc.). The biasing means may be removed or left.

  FIG. 16 shows a first example of a method for varying the gap interval, which is during low and medium rotation. The structure has a structure in which the teeth of the stator are moved, and a discharge port is provided in the path 12 and the gap of the lubricant (oil or the like). Although the lubricant is pumped from the external pump, the minimum gap is maintained because the pressure is low enough to prevent friction between the rotor and the stator.

  FIG. 17 shows the case of method example 1 during high rotation. At high speed, the pressure of the lubricant discharged into the gap is increased to move the movable tooth portion in the direction of widening the gap, thereby improving the efficiency. In this case, the discharge port of the lubricant provided in the gap is set large so that the high-pressure lubricant can be discharged.

  FIG. 18 shows a second example of the method for changing the gap interval, which is during low and medium rotations. The structure has a structure in which the teeth of the stator move, a discharge port for lubricant (such as oil) is provided in the gap, and 21 pressure chambers are provided. Although the lubricant is pumped from the external pump, the minimum gap is maintained because the pressure is low enough to prevent friction between the rotor and the stator.

  FIG. 19 shows the case of Method Example 2 during high rotation. The lubricant outlet provided in the gap is set to be small enough to realize a very small gap and reduce friction. At high revolutions, the pressure of the lubricant is applied at a high pressure that is higher than the amount that can be discharged from this smaller discharge port, generating a force to move the teeth in the pressure chamber and increasing the gap, thereby improving efficiency. Plan.

  FIG. 20 shows a third example of the method for changing the gap interval, which is during low / medium rotation. Although 30 belt winding mechanisms are provided, the belt is not operated and the belt is not wound up, and a minimum gap is maintained.

  FIG. 21 is a partially enlarged explanatory view of FIG. The pulley mechanism of 32 is operated by winding a cord-like object such as a belt or wire made of 31 steel or aramid fiber by a belt winding mechanism 30 (not shown), and a movable tooth (teeth) portion is moved. Generates a force to move in the direction of widening the gap.

  FIG. 22 shows the case of the method example 3 during high rotation. The belt winding mechanism 30 is in operation and the belt is being wound up. Efficiency is improved by generating a force to move the teeth and widening the gap. In the illustration, only one belt winding mechanism is shown, but a plurality of belt winding mechanisms may be provided.

  20, 21, and 22 do not illustrate a method for realizing a minimum gap, but either a method using a lubricant (oil or the like) or a method using a stopper can be used.

  FIGS. 23 and 24 are examples of creating a movable stator tooth portion (teeth) provided with an oil discharge port and a pressure chamber made of laminated steel plates. In order to provide a route for the lubricant between the laminated steel plates, it is desirable that the laminated steel plates are bonded so as to be in close contact with each other.

  25 and 26 are perspective views, and FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along line a-a ′. 23 to 27 are merely examples of implementation, and do not specify the shape or number of laminated steel sheets.

  FIG. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which only a minimum gap is realized by a low-cost permanent magnet type DC motor and the gap is not changed. A yoke 1 is movable in the direction of increasing or decreasing the gap, and supports 4 permanent magnets. Reference numeral 2 denotes a yoke that forms a housing and a magnetic path. 3 is a rotor. 13 is a stopper. (The winding, brush, and commutator are omitted.)

  FIG. 29 shows step 1. First, urging forces A and B used only during manufacturing are applied in a state where the member 14 for setting the gap interval is sandwiched between the rotor and the stator (the urging force is A> B). Next, in this state, the stopper is fixed by an appropriate means such as an adhesive (part X).

  FIG. 30 shows step 2. When the stopper is fixed, the permanent magnet is moved to remove 14 members.

  FIG. 31 shows step 3. Thereafter, an urging force A that is used only at the time of manufacturing is applied again, and the moving part is fixed with an appropriate material such as an adhesive (Y part), whereby a minimal gap can be realized by a simple method.

  If the gap is varied by using an actuator or the like without bonding in step 3, a minimal gap and field weakening at high rotation can be realized simultaneously, improving efficiency in a wide rotation range. I can do it.

  The method of realizing the three minimum gaps using the figure and the method of realizing the field weakening that changes the gap interval or the opposite area of the gap at the same time as the minimum gap are explained mainly in the motor. The realization of the minimum gap is not only effective for various types of motors, but it can also be expected to improve the efficiency of generators. The present invention increases the efficiency of conversion between mechanical energy and electrical energy, and contributes to energy saving and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions for the entire society.

1 Stator core (movable in the direction to increase or decrease the gap interval)
2 Stator yoke (fixed)
3 Rotor 4 Permanent magnet 5 Elastic body (spring etc.)
11 Lubricant (oil etc.)
12 Lubricant (oil etc.) path 13 Stopper 14 Member 15 for setting the gap interval Means for fixing the movable part (bolt and nut, screw, adhesive, etc.)
21 Pressure chamber 30 Belt winding mechanism 31 Belt (steel, aramid fiber, etc.)
32 Pulley mechanism A Energizing force (thing by elastic body etc. or temporary thing at the time of manufacture)
B Energizing force (thing by elastic body or temporary thing at the time of manufacture)
X Stopper fixing part (adhesion etc.)
Y Stator fixing part (adhesion, etc.)

Claims (7)

  Radial gap type or axial gap type generator or electric motor using electromagnetic force, wherein a part or the whole of the rotor or a part or the whole of the stator is movable and narrowed in a direction of narrowing or widening the gap. When moving in the direction, they have a mechanical structure in which both contact and the gap distance becomes zero, and a thin film using a lubricant (oil etc.) in the gap between the rotor and stator A generator or electric motor characterized by forming a gap to prevent direct contact of the gap portion and reduce frictional resistance to realize a minimal gap.   Radial gap type or axial gap type generator or electric motor using electromagnetic force, wherein a part or the whole of the rotor or a part or the whole of the stator is movable and narrowed in a direction of narrowing or widening the gap. Of the lubricant (oil etc.) with a mechanical structure that makes the gap gap zero when moving in the direction, and an opening that discharges to the gap between the rotor and stator And a mechanism (oil pump or the like) forcibly feeding the lubricant so that the lubricant is discharged from the opening, and forming a thin film in the gap with the forcibly sent lubricant A generator or electric motor characterized in that a direct contact is prevented and frictional resistance is reduced to realize a minimal gap.   Radial gap type or axial gap type generator or electric motor using electromagnetic force, wherein a part or the whole of the rotor or a part or the whole of the stator is movable and narrowed in a direction of narrowing or widening the gap. When moving in the direction, both have a mechanical structure that makes the gap gap zero, and a stopper that can be adjusted and fixed in any position, and use that stopper By limiting the movement of the rotor or the stator, a direct contact between the rotor and the stator gap is prevented, thereby realizing a minimal gap.   The generator or electric motor according to claim 3, wherein after the gap is set using a stopper, a movable portion of the rotor or the stator in the gap increasing / decreasing direction is fixed to maintain the gap interval.   2. A mechanism and means capable of moving a part or whole of a rotor or a part or whole of a stator in a direction to increase or decrease a gap interval at any time and capable of freely increasing or decreasing an interval between opposing gaps. Item 2. The generator or motor of claim 3.   3. A mechanism and means capable of moving a part or whole of a rotor or a part or whole of a stator in the axial direction of the rotor at any time and capable of freely increasing / decreasing the area of an opposing gap. The generator or electric motor according to claim 3.   An industrial product comprising the generator or motor according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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