JP2016078714A - Dump truck - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dump truck suitable for improvement in mountability of a power storage device thereon and a reliability thereof.SOLUTION: A dump truck is equipped with: an electric generator for generating electric power; power conversion means for conversion of a specification of electric power; a motor 10 which is driven by electric power converted through the power conversion means; a wheel 8 which is driven by the motor 10; a power storage device 23 which performs transfer of electric power between itself and the motor 10; a cab 2 partitioned in a box-shaped operation chamber; a deck 28 which forms a planar floor surface configured around the cab 2 and is positioned above uppermost parts of wheels 7, 8; and a body 4 which has a canopy 4b for covering an upper part of the cab 2 and loads a haul. The power storage device 23 is located above a top face 28U of the deck 28.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

  The present invention relates to a dump truck that travels by driving wheels with a motor, and more particularly, to a dump truck that includes a power storage device that stores surplus power of the motor and supplies the stored power to the motor.

  In a dump truck for a mine that transports resource materials mined in a mine to a predetermined release site, the engine drives the generator, and the electric power generated from the generator is supplied to the motor to drive the rear wheels. Drive dump trucks are known. Diesel fuel that drives the engine is required because the dump truck is required to be as large as several hundred tons when combined with the amount of transported resources per unit and its own weight, and to increase the operating rate over time as much as possible. The consumption per car is much larger than cars. Therefore, it is a big problem to suppress fuel consumption from the viewpoint of operation cost.

  In recent years, mainly in fields such as automobiles and railways, there is a strong movement to reduce power loss by installing power storage devices in vehicles to temporarily store surplus energy obtained during braking and regenerating during re-acceleration. Similar efforts are underway in mining equipment. A battery, a capacitor, or the like is used for the power storage device in the power storage device.

  Batteries require proper temperature regulation for thermal protection of the drive circuit and high efficiency operation. If the battery is too cold, the internal resistance increases and the charge / discharge characteristics are significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in energy efficiency. On the other hand, if the battery is too hot, the irreversible battery capacity decrease and internal resistance increase phenomenon, that is, deterioration is promoted, and the service life is shortened. Therefore, the power storage device is required to have a battery cooling and warm-up function according to the state.

  As a method of cooling or warming up the battery in the power storage device, a method of forcibly applying outside air (air) as a refrigerant or a heat medium to the battery surface by a fan or blower, a refrigerant or a heat medium to the battery surface by a pump or the like A method of forcibly applying a certain coolant is used. The former is called an air cooling type, and the latter is called a water cooling type or a liquid cooling type.

  As a first method of mounting a power storage device for energy regeneration in a mining machine, US Pat. No. 8,606,451 (Patent Document 1) discloses that an ultracapacitor as a power storage device is installed in the rear corner of a movable deck. A configuration containing two energy storage components is described. As a second method, US Pat. No. 2011/0174561 (Patent Document 2) discloses a configuration in which a capacitor as a power storage device is mounted between a front wheel and a rear wheel of a vehicle.

US Pat. No. 8,606,451 US Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0174561A1 Specification

  However, in the method of Patent Document 1, since the power storage device is built in the rear corner of the deck and covered with the deck together with other equipment, the power storage device is added to the existing standard vehicle body in the dump truck as an additional specification later. Then, a major remodeling work to remove the deck itself was necessary. Further, large-scale work is required for the same reason in maintenance and replacement work of power storage devices that are performed regularly and irregularly.

  On the other hand, in the method of Patent Document 2, since the power storage device is installed between the front wheel and the rear wheel and below the vessel (the body in the present invention), there is a possibility that gravel or the like that hits the wheel during traveling first hits the power storage device. was there. In addition, in order to maintain the power storage device, it is necessary to increase the strength of the cabinet or case that covers the power storage device, which increases the mass of the power storage device. In addition, since a vessel generally exists directly above the same part, when the power storage device is suspended by a crane or the like, there has been a problem that the crane and the vessel interfere with each other, making it difficult to attach or detach the power storage device to the vehicle body using the crane or the like.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a dump truck suitable for improving the mountability and reliability of a power storage device to a dump truck.

  In order to solve the above problems, a dump truck of the present invention includes a generator that generates electric power, power conversion means that converts the specifications of the power, a motor that is driven by the power converted through the power conversion means, Wheels driven by a motor, an assembly (power storage device) of a plurality of power storage devices that exchange power with the motor, a cab that is partitioned into a box that is a cockpit, and a plane that is configured around the cab A deck (upper deck) positioned above the top of the wheel, and the assembly of the plurality of power storage devices is disposed above the top surface of the deck.

  According to the present invention, the power storage device is located above the upper deck, and the upper deck upper surface is interposed between the ground contact surface of the front wheel or the rear wheel and the power storage device. However, gravel is blocked by the upper deck, and the power storage device is not hit directly. In addition, since the body is raised, there is no object that interferes with the crane immediately above the power storage device, so that the power storage device can be easily mounted on the vehicle body.

1 is a vehicle side view showing a first embodiment of a dump truck according to the present invention. It is a vehicle top view which shows the state which removed the body 4 about 1st Embodiment of the dump truck of this invention. It is a lineblock diagram of a traveling system which constitutes a 1st embodiment of a dump truck of the present invention. It is the electrical storage system vicinity side view which shows 1st Embodiment of the dump truck of this invention, and the cross section BB figure which shows the layout of a battery unit. It is a side view which shows the mounting structure of an electrical storage system in detail. It is a block diagram of the electrical storage system of 1st Embodiment of the dump truck of this invention. It is a perspective view of the battery unit used for the electrical storage system of 1st Embodiment of the dump truck of this invention. It is a perspective view of the battery module used for the battery unit of 1st Embodiment of the dump truck of this invention. It is a perspective view of the water cooling jacket used for the battery unit of 1st Embodiment of the dump truck of this invention. It is a vehicle side view which shows the mounting method of the battery unit of 1st Embodiment of the dump truck of this invention. It is a vehicle side view which shows the flight direction of the gravel of 1st Embodiment of the dump truck of this invention. It is the cross-sectional CC figure which shows the electrical storage system vicinity side view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the dump truck of this invention, and the layout of a battery unit.

  Embodiments to which the present invention is applied will be described below.

  A first embodiment to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to the drawings.

<Overall configuration>
FIG. 1A is a side view of a vehicle showing a first embodiment of a dump truck according to the present invention. FIG. 1B is a top view of the vehicle showing a state in which the body 4 is removed in the first embodiment of the dump truck of the present invention. In FIG. 1B, the deck 28 and the structure mounted on the deck 28 are indicated by a one-dot chain line on the frame 36, and a portion indicated by the one-dot chain line is taken out from the frame 36 and indicated by a solid line.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the dump truck 100 is equipped with a body 4 for loading a transported material such as earth and sand on a frame 36, and both are connected by a hoist cylinder 33. Further, the front wheel 7 (7R, 7L), the rear wheel 8 (8R, 8L), the hydraulic oil tank 6, the fuel tank 5, and the like are attached to the frame 36 through unillustrated mechanism parts. A traveling motor 10 (10R, 10L) for driving the rear wheel 8 and a speed reducer 9 (9R, 9L) for adjusting the rotational speed of the traveling motor 10 and the rear wheel 8 are housed in the rotating shaft portion of the rear wheel 8. It has been. Furthermore, a deck (upper deck) 28 on which the operator can walk is attached to the frame 36. Mounted on the deck upper surface 28U are a cab 2 on which an operator rides to operate the dump truck 100, a control cabinet 1 in which various power devices are stored, and a plurality of grid boxes 3 for dissipating surplus energy as heat. The deck 28 is a flat floor surface formed around the cab 2 and is located above the uppermost part of the wheels (the front wheel 7 and the rear wheel 8). A power storage device 23 for storing and regenerating electrical energy is mounted on the deck upper surface 28U and behind the cab 2 in the vehicle. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, an engine 11, a main generator 12, an auxiliary generator 13, and the like are mounted in a portion hidden by the front wheel 7 in FIG. 1A.

  These will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In FIG. 2, a region surrounded by a broken line is stored in the control cabinet 1, and a region surrounded by a one-dot chain line is stored in the power storage device 23.

  The engine 11 drives a main generator 12, an auxiliary generator 13, and a hydraulic main pump (not shown).

  The control cabinet 1 includes a travel system controller (not shown) that monitors and controls the entire travel system, a rectifier 14 and a capacitor 41 that convert the AC voltage generated by the generators 12 and 13 into direct current, the left and right travel motors 10L and 10R, and each auxiliary unit. Left and right main inverters 15L, 15R and auxiliary inverter 17, chopper 16, unillustrated cabinet heater, cooling pump for circulating coolant for equipment cooling, control power supply unit, generator excitation unit, coolant A radiator, a fan unit, and various sensors, relays, and switches are housed.

  The traveling system controller monitors and controls the entire traveling system. The rectifier 14 and the capacitor 41 have a unitized water cooling structure, and rectify and smooth the three-phase AC power from the main generator 12 to convert it into DC power suitable as a high-voltage power source.

  The main inverter 15L is connected to the traveling motor 10L, and the main inverter 15R is connected to the traveling motor 10R. When the accelerator pedal is depressed, the left and right main inverters 15L and 15R convert the DC power from the rectifier 14 into three-phase AC power according to demand. When the electric brake pedal is depressed, the electric power generated from the left and right traveling motors 10L, 10R is rectified and returned to the circuit. The left and right traveling motors 10L and 10R are configured by three-phase induction motors. When the accelerator pedal is depressed, the left and right rear wheels 8L and 8R are driven via the left and right speed reducers 16L and 16R to drive the vehicle body. When the electric brake pedal is depressed, the power generated by itself, that is, surplus power is returned to the circuit through the left and right inverters 15L and 15R. The auxiliary inverter 17 is connected to the left and right traveling motors 10 </ b> L, 10 </ b> R blower and cooling pump in addition to the grid blower 19. When the electric brake is depressed, the chopper 16 is operated when the recirculating DC power is determined to exceed a predetermined upper limit, and configures a circuit to the grid box 3 to guide the power to the grid box 3. . The grid box 3 includes a grid resistor 3R, a grid blower 19, an auxiliary motor 18 that drives the grid blower 19, and various sensors and switches. The grid resistor 3R discharges surplus power through the resistor in the grid box 3 as the chopper 16 operates based on the command. The grid blower 19 is operated by the action of the auxiliary inverter 17 when the electric brake pedal is depressed, and the grid resistor 3R is air-cooled. The cabinet heater uses the power generated by the auxiliary generator 13 as a power source, and heats the inside of the control cabinet 1 when the temperature inside the control cabinet 1 is a predetermined value or less. The cooling pump circulates coolant (cooling water) through the piping to the rectifier 14, the condenser 41 and the radiator in the control cabinet 1, and adjusts these temperatures.

  The power storage device 23 mainly includes a battery cell 20, a coil 22, and a step-up / down chopper 21. When the accelerator pedal is depressed, the battery cell 20 discharges the difference power between the required power of the travel motors 10L and 10R and the generated power of the main generator 12, and the voltage is adjusted by the step-up / down chopper 21 to be supplied to the travel motors 10L and 10R. To do. When the electric brake pedal is depressed, the battery cell 20 is charged with the electric power generated by the left and right traveling motors 10L, 10R that has been returned through the left and right inverters 15L, 15R. Surplus power of the left and right traveling motors 10L, 10R that has not been charged in the battery cell 20 is sent to the grid box 3 through the chopper 16 and discharged to the outside.

<Configuration of power storage device>
FIG. 3A is a side view of the vicinity of the power storage system, showing a first embodiment of the dump truck of the present invention, and a cross-sectional view BB showing the layout of the battery unit. FIG. 3B is a side view showing the mounting structure of the power storage system in detail.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the power storage device 23 is mounted behind the cab 2 and above the deck upper surface 28U. The power storage device 23 is preferably arranged on the rear side of the cab 2 on the deck upper surface 28U. Furthermore, the power storage device 23 is preferably disposed in a space between the back surface of the cab 2 and the back plate.

  The cab 2 is an operator's cockpit, and in the unlikely event that the dump truck 100 rolls over, the operator's life is ensured, and the ROPS (Rollover Protective Structure) in the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard is used. Protective structure) and a strong frame structure is adopted. Step 37 (see FIG. 1A) is provided as a means for the operator to access the deck upper surface 28U or the cab 2 from the ground.

  The power storage device 23 is housed in a cabinet 29 in such a manner that a plurality of battery units 24 and other devices are stacked in the vehicle vertical direction so as to follow a plane substantially parallel to the inclination of the cab 2 at the rear of the vehicle. . The battery unit 24 located above is lower than the one located below so that the outer shape of the cabinet 29 follows the inclination of the cab 2 at the rear of the vehicle and the inclination of the lower surface 4A of the body 4 (particularly the lower surface 4A of the back plate 4a). Is also laid out on the front side of the car. As a result, the cabinet 29 of the power storage device 23 has a substantially parallelogram shape in the shape illustrated in FIG. 3A so that the outer shape does not interfere with the cab 2 and the handrail 40.

  As described above, the back surface of the cab 2 and the back plate 4a of the body 4 are inclined forward so that the upper side is positioned forward with respect to the lower side, and the power storage device 23 is connected to the back surface of the cab 2 and the back plate 4a of the body 4. It is tilted forward to match the inclination.

  The surface of the cabinet 29 of the power storage device 23 is exposed to the outside air, that is, the working atmosphere, and is exposed to a lot of dust and wind and rain for use. In addition, since the dump truck travels and operates on a complicated ground, relatively large vibrations and impacts repeatedly act. In order to cope with these, the power storage device 23 is composed of a steel frame and a panel, and a seal or a weather strip is provided on a mating surface of the panel, thereby ensuring internal airtightness and mechanical strength.

  Here, the mounting structure of the power storage system will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 3B. A strong frame 301 is disposed below the cab 2. Since the weight of the power storage device 23 is quite large, the mounting portion of the power storage device 23 needs to have a structure that can withstand the weight of the power storage device 23. For this reason, a reinforcing member (mounting member) 302 having an L-shaped cross section is attached to the frame 301, and the deck 28 is supported by the reinforcing member 302. The power storage device 23 and the cabinet 29 are mounted on the upper surface 28U of the deck 28 supported by the reinforcing member 302 and fixed. In this case, it is preferable to fix the fixing member 303 to the frame 301 and fix the reinforcing member 302 to the fixing member 303 with the bolts 304. The fixing member 303 is preferably fixed to the frame 301 by welding. Thereby, the attachment part of the reinforcement member 302 can be made into a firm structure. Further, the power storage device 23 and the cabinet 29 may be directly mounted on the upper surface of the reinforcing member 302 and fixed. That is, the power storage device 23 and the cabinet 29 may be directly mounted on the upper surface of the reinforcing member 302 without using the deck 28. A reinforcing member 302 is provided below the power storage device 23 and the cabinet 29, and the lower side of the power storage device 23 and the cabinet 29 can be protected by the reinforcing member 302. In this case, the upper surface of the reinforcing member 302 is set to the same height as the upper surface 28U of the deck 28 or higher than the upper surface 28U of the deck 28. Further, it is preferable that the deck 28 surrounds the periphery of the reinforcing member 302 so as to close a gap between the deck 28 and the reinforcing member 302.

  In this embodiment, since many parts (surface) including the top plate of the cabinet 29 of the power storage device 23 are exposed, the cooling effect of the power storage device 23 can be enhanced. In particular, since the canopy 4b of the body 4 and the lower surface 4A of the back plate 4a function as a wind guide plate (wind guide surface) for guiding wind, the cooling effect of the power storage device 23 as well as the exposed structure of the top plate of the power storage device 23 are provided. The structure which raises is realized.

  Furthermore, since the canopy 4b of the body 4 that covers the cab 2 and the power storage device 23 shields direct sunlight and creates shade, the temperature increase of the power storage device 23 can be suppressed. For this reason, when the power storage device 23, the canopy 4b, and the deck 28 are projected on a horizontal plane, the power storage device 23 is disposed so as to be positioned at least in the projection plane of the canopy 4b and the deck 28. Furthermore, by arranging the power storage device 23 on the rear side of the cab 2, the power storage device 23 can be reliably put in the shade created by the canopy 4 b. More preferably, the power storage device 23 may be disposed in a space between the back surface of the cab 2 and the back plate 4a.

  A plurality of battery units 24 housed inside the cabinet 29 are arranged in the depth direction of the paper as is apparent from the BB view shown in FIG. 3A. The plurality of battery units 24, the pump 31, the regeneration controller 38, the chopper circuit 39, and the like are all mechanically fixed to the cabinet 29 by mechanical members (not shown). The cabinet 29 is mechanically fixed to the deck upper surface 28U and the cab 2 by mechanical means (not shown). A plurality of panels can be attached to and detached from the cabinet 29, and maintenance, parts replacement, and the like are performed with the panel of the corresponding part removed.

  The power storage device 23 has a temperature adjustment function for maintaining the temperature of the built-in battery in an appropriate range. A plurality of adjacent battery units 24 are connected by a plurality of pipes 30 through which coolant for temperature control flows. Both ends of a coolant circuit configured by connecting a plurality of pipes 30 and a plurality of battery units are connected to a pump 31. A regenerative controller 38 and a chopper circuit 39 are housed on the upper side of the cabinet 29 where the plurality of battery units 24 are stacked, and are electrically connected to the battery unit 24.

  FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the power storage system according to the first embodiment of the dump truck of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the power storage device 23 includes a flow path 42 through which coolant that is a refrigerant or a heat medium for cooling or warming up each battery cell 20 circulates. The flow path 42 includes a pump 31 that circulates the coolant, a water jacket 203 (described later) provided in each battery unit 24, a radiator 43 that performs heat exchange between the coolant and the outside air, and piping that connects these. ing. The coolant circulates in the flow paths 42 formed by the power of the pump 31. The radiator 43 includes a fan 44 that blows outside air and performs heat exchange between the outside air and the coolant.

  Temperature sensors (not shown) for detecting the respective temperatures are provided at the coolant outlets of the battery cells 20 and the water jacket 203 in the power storage device 23. Each temperature information detected by the temperature sensor is output to a controller (not shown). When there is a possibility that the battery temperature in the battery unit 24 becomes higher than a predetermined upper limit value, the controller performs an operation of driving the pump to circulate the coolant and exhausting heat through the radiator. On the other hand, when starting a mining machine in winter, for example, the temperature of the battery may be lower than the appropriate temperature. When the temperature of the battery is excessively low, the activity of lithium ions in the battery is low, so that the internal resistance (loss) is large, the voltage change with respect to the current is large, and the desired charge / discharge characteristics cannot be obtained. In such a case, warming up to increase the temperature of the battery cell 20 is required. Self-heating of each battery cell 20 is used as a warm-up heat source. At the time of warm-up, the pump 31 is stopped in order to prevent the heat generated by the power storage device 23 from propagating through the coolant to the entire flow path 42. Accordingly, the coolant in the water jacket 203 is stored in place without circulating and moving.

  The power storage device 23 inputs and outputs electric power in response to a command from the regeneration controller, and generates heat at this time. Most of the heat generation of the power storage device is brought about by each battery cell 20 incorporated therein.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a battery unit used in the power storage system according to the first embodiment of the dump truck of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of battery modules 202 in which a plurality of battery cells 20 (see FIG. 6) are stacked and mechanically integrated are mounted on the battery unit 24. That is, the battery unit 24 is configured as an assembly of a plurality of battery modules 202, and the battery module 202 is configured as an assembly of a plurality of battery cells 20. As a result, the power storage device 23 is configured as an aggregate of a plurality of battery cells 20.

  In the present embodiment, a total of eight battery modules 202 are mounted on both main surfaces of the water jacket 203, respectively. In each battery module 202, battery terminals located at the end of the stack are electrically connected in series with a metal bus bar, and are fixed to a water jacket 203 via a heat conductive sheet 204. Similarly, a battery control unit 207, a relay 208, a disconnect switch 209 that temporarily disconnects the battery circuit during maintenance, and the like are fixed to the water jacket 203 on the back side of the plurality of battery modules 202 in the drawing.

  The heat conductive sheet 204 is used to thermally connect the bottom surface of each battery (not shown) exposed on the bottom surface of each battery module 202 and one main surface of the water jacket 203. The heat conductive sheet 204 also has a function of suppressing electrical continuity between batteries made of an aluminum alloy as a conductor or between the battery and the cooling plate.

  All the mounted battery modules 202 are connected in series with a disconnect switch 209 interposed therebetween, and these terminal terminals are connected to a power connector by a predetermined harness to constitute an output terminal of the battery unit 202.

  FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a battery module used in the battery unit according to the first embodiment of the dump truck of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the battery module 202 has a thickness of a battery cell 20 having a substantially rectangular outer shape and a cell holder 201 that is disposed between adjacent battery cells 20 to define the relative positions of the battery cells 20. A predetermined number of layers are alternately stacked in the direction, end plates 215 are arranged at both ends of the stacked body, and the end plates 215 are fixed to each other by a steel band 216 and integrated. A constant tension is applied to each steel band 216, and the battery cells 20 are pressed with a certain force accordingly. The battery module 202 is configured as an assembly of a plurality of battery cells 20.

  In the battery module 202, the direction of each battery cell 20 is reversed alternately with the other adjacent battery cells 20. As a result, the positive electrode terminal 200A of a certain battery cell 20 and the negative electrode terminal 200B of an adjacent battery are positioned closest to each other and are efficiently connected in series at the shortest distance. Adjacent positive electrode terminal 200A and negative electrode terminal 200B are electrically connected by a bus bar 217 made of copper alloy. The battery cell 20 has a characteristic that the internal lithium ion migration resistance increases and the internal resistance increases in a low temperature state. On the other hand, when the temperature is excessively high, the rate of change over time of a so-called deterioration phenomenon such as an increase in internal resistance or a decrease in capacity is increased.

  The end plate 215 is formed by press-molding a steel material, and the rigidity is secured so as not to be bent by the internal force of the battery cell 20 group. The end plate 215 is previously provided with a through hole 218 through which a screw is passed when the battery module 202 is screwed to a water jacket 203 (not shown). The bottom surfaces of the battery cells 20 (battery cans 200C) are all exposed and adjusted so that the relative positions thereof are substantially matched by a guide (not shown) provided in the cell holder 201.

  According to the present embodiment, the power storage device 23 includes a plurality of battery units 24 each including a plurality of battery modules 202 in which a plurality of battery cells 20 are stacked, and the plurality of battery units 24 are integrated. Further, the battery unit 24 is divided and arranged in a plurality of stages in at least one direction of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a water cooling jacket used in the battery unit of the first embodiment of the dump truck of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the water jacket 203 has a substantially rectangular plate shape, and is mainly composed of an upper surface body 203A and a lower surface body 203B constituting the opposite surface. Screw holes (not shown) for fastening the battery module 202 with screws are formed on the surfaces of the upper surface body 203A and the lower surface body 203B. On the opposite surface of the upper surface body 203A, a U-shaped groove 203C and a plurality of fins 203D along the groove shape are formed. Pipe connector 212 communicating with the groove is provided at two ends of groove 203C. In FIG. 7, only the pipe connector 212 is shown. The upper surface body 203A and the lower surface body 203B are integrated by screw fastening through a seal (not shown). As a result, the groove 203 </ b> C is hermetically sealed and becomes a coolant flow path 42. Further, a coolant circuit is configured by connecting the pipe connector 212 to an external pipe. As shown in FIG. 3A, the coolant inlet (water jacket inlet) 203i located at the uppermost stream of the coolant circuit in the pipe connector 212 is connected to the outlet 31o of the pump 31 and the coolant outlet (at the most downstream of the coolant circuit). The water jacket outlet 203o is connected to the inlet 31i of the pump 31.

  In the present embodiment, the battery unit 24 includes a water jacket 203 through which coolant flows, and the water jacket 203 includes an inlet and an outlet for coolant on the same side surface in the vehicle width direction of the dump truck. And the some battery unit 24 is divided | segmented and arrange | positioned in the same order in the front-back direction of a dump truck with the inlet_port | entrance and outlet of a coolant. Between the two battery units adjacent in the vertical direction, the coolant outlet 203o of the water jacket 203 provided in one battery unit 24 and the coolant inlet 203i of the water jacket 203 provided in the other battery unit 24 are piped. 30 is connected. Thereby, the length of the piping can be shortened, and the flow path resistance with the coolant can be reduced. And the cost suppression by the reduction of the length of the piping 30 and the cost suppression effect by size reduction of the pump 31 are acquired.

<Power storage device mounting process>
With reference to FIG. 8, the mounting process of the power storage device will be described. FIG. 8 is a vehicle side view showing the battery unit mounting method according to the first embodiment of the dump truck of the present invention.

  Since the dump truck 100 has a large vehicle shape scale and is specially used, its production volume is smaller than that of passenger cars. Therefore, it is efficient to prepare a large number of specifications as standard for one vehicle type as seen in passenger cars. Not right. Since the dump truck 100 can be operated even if the power storage device 23 itself is not provided, a specification that does not include the power storage device 23 may be required to reduce the introduction cost. Under these circumstances, the power storage device 23 should not necessarily be prepared as a standard specification of the dump truck, but is preferably prepared as an additional equipment and can be added later when requested. In order to cope with such a situation, it is desirable to have a structure in which the power storage device 23 can be additionally mounted without significantly disassembling or modifying an already assembled standard vehicle body.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the power storage device 23 according to the present embodiment is suspended by a crane and a wire rope 32 (not shown) after the standard vehicle body of the dump truck 100 is assembled, It is mounted on the upper surface 28U and behind the cab 2. An operator is waiting on the deck upper surface 28, and the power storage device 23 is installed at the predetermined position while the position and direction are finely adjusted in accordance with the descending operation of the crane. When the power storage device 23 is lowered from the dump truck 100 for parts replacement or maintenance work of the power storage device 23, the same procedure is performed in reverse.

<Effects>
According to the dump truck of the present embodiment, the following operational effects are brought about.

  (1) The power storage device 23 prepares a plurality of battery units 24 in which a smaller number of battery cells 20 than the required total number are mechanically integrated so as to satisfy the required number of batteries, and thus the likelihood of the layout of the battery units 24. Is secured in a step-like manner in the vehicle height direction so as to follow the slope shape of the cab 2 and the body 4, so that it is efficient above the deck upper surface 28 </ b> U where space is limited and behind the cab 2. Can fit in.

  (2) Since each battery unit 24 in the power storage device 23 has a liquid cooling effect by the coolant or a warm-up effect by the heat generation of the battery cell 20 itself, the characteristics of the battery cell 20 can be changed even in a high temperature environment or a low temperature environment. A small regenerative effect can be obtained.

  (3) FIG. 9 is a vehicle side view showing the flight direction of gravel according to the first embodiment of the dump truck of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, gravel splash at the time of traveling occurs when gravel temporarily bitten in grooves formed on the contact surfaces of the front wheels 7 and the rear wheels 8 is released by centrifugal force. Therefore, a lot of gravel flies on the tangent line in the rotational direction of the ground surface of the front wheel 7 and the rear wheel 8. The flying gravel may hit a part of the body of the dump truck 100 except when it falls directly on the ground. In the present embodiment, gravel splashed by the front wheel 7 during forward traveling collides with other than the power storage device 23 and does not drop, but flies closest to the power storage device 23 tangent to the outer diameter of the front wheel 7 and the corner of the deck. The gravel scattering direction 91 is defined by a straight line passing through the portion 28E. Gravel flying in the gravel scattering direction 91 is prevented from flying upward by a shielding plate (guard) 50. Similarly, the gravel splashed by the rear wheel flies closest to the power storage device 23 in a gravel flight direction 92 defined by a straight line tangent to the outer diameter of the rear wheel 8 and passing through the corner 4E. Therefore, in the dump truck 100 according to the present embodiment, the gravel splashed by the front wheel 7 and the rear wheel 8 does not directly collide with the power storage device 23, and the strength of the cabinet 29 is increased in preparation for the gravel splash. Therefore, the soundness of the power storage device 23 is ensured.

  (4) The surplus power generated by the travel motor 10 when the electric brake pedal is depressed is charged in the battery cell 20 of the power storage device 23, and the surplus power thus charged is generated by the travel motor 10 when the accelerator pedal is next depressed. Since a portion of the required power is borne, the amount of power generated by the main generator can be kept small, and the engine speed can be kept low accordingly, so that the fuel consumption of the engine can be reduced.

  (5) As can be seen from FIG. 1, the traveling wind passes between the cab 2 and the power storage device 23 and the body 4 when the dump truck 100 moves forward, so that the dust near the power storage device 23 is blown away by the traveling wind, and as a result It is possible to prevent dust from accumulating on the device 23. In addition, the traveling wind that passes between the cab 2 and the power storage device 23 and the body 4 when moving forward enhances the cooling effect of the power storage device 23. Since many parts (surface) including the top plate of the cabinet 29 of the power storage device 23 are exposed, the cooling effect is enhanced. That is, the lower surface 4A of the body 4 functions as a wind guide plate that guides the traveling wind and guides the traveling wind to the exposed top plate portion of the power storage device 23, so that the cooling effect of the power storage device 23 can be enhanced. In this case, since the outer shape of the cabinet 29 follows the inclination of the back surface of the cab 2 and the inclination of the body lower surface 4A, the battery unit 24 positioned above is laid out on the front side of the vehicle body rather than the one positioned below. The traveling wind is smoothly guided and can effectively cool the surface of the cabinet 29. Furthermore, since the canopy 4b of the body 4 blocks direct sunlight and creates shade, the temperature rise of the power storage device 23 can be suppressed.

  (6) Since the power storage device 23 can be mounted at a predetermined position from the upper side of the vehicle without interfering with other parts by raising the body 4, the large-scale vehicle is compared with the dump truck 100 that has completed the assembly of the standard vehicle body. The power storage device 23 can be added on without requiring remodeling. Therefore, when the power storage device 23 is added later, it is desirable that the power storage device 23 has a feature that can be easily added without requiring significant modification of the standard vehicle body. From the above description, the dump truck 100 and the power storage device 23 of the present embodiment have preferable characteristics in this respect. This characteristic is also useful when the power storage device 23 is replaced. Since the power storage device 23 is heavy, it is difficult to carry it manually, and crane work is required. By raising the body 4, the power storage device 23 can be easily replaced by crane work without removing large parts such as a vessel.

  (7) Since the coolant is not circulated in the process of warming up the battery cell 20, heat dissipation through the coolant can be prevented, and the battery cell 20 can be warmed up early.

  (8) Since the battery modules 202 are arranged on both main surfaces of the water jacket, the mounting density can be increased. Moreover, the heat capacity of the battery unit can be kept small, and the cooling and warming-up efficiency of the battery cell 20 can be increased.

  (9) Since the power storage device 23 is mounted adjacent to the cab 2, the power storage device 23 can be mounted using a strong frame conforming to ROPS. As a result, it is easy to secure the strength of the mounting structure, and it is possible to realize a mounting structure that can cope with the influence of acceleration that occurs during vehicle body motion including vehicle body vibration. Also, even if the dump truck 100 rolls over, its soundness is ensured.

  (10) The power storage device 23 of the present embodiment is mounted adjacent to the control cabinet 1 in which each power device of the existing traveling system is housed. Therefore, the wiring length when electrically connecting the power storage device 23 to the existing traveling system can be reduced, and the power transmission loss depending on the resistance of the wiring can be minimized.

  (11) By disposing the power storage device 23 on the upper surface of the deck 28 that is relatively easy to secure a space in the dump truck, it is easy to secure a work space for inspection around the power storage device 23. Thereby, access to the power storage device 23 is facilitated, and it is easy to ensure the safety of the worker.

  In the present embodiment, an example in which a dedicated radiator and fan are built in the power storage device 23 is shown (FIG. 4), but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it is possible to share the coolant flow path provided in the control cabinet 1 and the coolant flow path of the power storage device, and to perform heat exchange of the coolant of the power storage device 23 with a radiator in the control cabinet 1.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, although the battery cells 20 and the battery modules 202 were electrically connected in series, the present invention is not limited to this, and there may be portions connected in parallel.

  Furthermore, although the battery unit 24 of the present embodiment has been shown as being mounted on both surfaces of the water jacket 203, the present invention is not limited to this, and when the storage capacity density in the cabinet 29 is allowed, the battery unit 24 is mounted on one side. There is no problem.

  Next, a second embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a dump truck will be described.

  The dump truck of the present embodiment is obtained by changing the layout of the battery unit 24 in the power storage device 23 of the first embodiment. In the following embodiments, the same members as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted, and only different portions will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 10, in the power storage device 23Z of the present embodiment, the long sides of the plurality of battery units 24 are each substantially parallel to the slope behind the cab 2 and the main surface (widest surface) of the water jacket 203 is the dump truck 100Z. It is laid out to face in the left-right direction. As can be seen from the CC view, a plurality of layouts similar to those described above are formed in the depth direction of the drawing.

  As can be seen from FIG. 7, the coolant flows back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the water jacket 203, and according to this embodiment, the temperature distribution in the power storage device 23 </ b> Z can be reduced. Moreover, since the direction of each battery is unified, the effect of equalizing the characteristics of each battery can be obtained.

  Further, the present embodiment has the effects (1) to (11) of the first embodiment described above.

  As described above, the embodiments described above are not necessarily all provided, and some of them may be used in combination. This is because some embodiments have the effects of the invention. In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment as long as the characteristics of the present invention are not impaired.

  In the present invention, the battery (lithium ion secondary battery) is used as the power storage device of the power storage device. However, other secondary batteries or capacitors may be used.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Control cabinet, 2 ... Cab, 3 ... Grid box, 3R ... Grid resistance, 4 ... Body (vessel), 4a ... Back plate of body 4, 4b ... Canopy, 4A ... Bottom surface of body, 4E ... Corner part, 5 ... Fuel tank, 6 ... hydraulic oil tank, 7 ... front wheel, 8 ... rear wheel, 8L, 8R ... left and right rear wheels, 9 ... speed reducer, 9L, 9R ... left and right speed reducer, 10 ... travel motor, 10L, 10R ... left / right travel Motor, 11 ... Engine, 12 ... Main generator, 13 ... Auxiliary generator, 14 ... Rectifier, 15L, 15R ... Left and right main inverter, 16 ... Chopper, 17 ... Auxiliary inverter, 18 ... Auxiliary motor, 19 ... Grid blower, 20 ... Battery cell, 21 ... Buck-boost chopper, 22 ... Coil, 23, 23Z ... Power storage device, 24 ... Battery unit, 28 ... Deck, 28U ... Deck top surface, 28E ... Corner, 29, 29 Z ... cabinet, 30 ... piping, 31 ... pump, 31i ... pump inlet, 31o ... pump outlet, 32 ... crane wire, 33 ... hoist cylinder, 34 ... arrow, 35 ... plane, 36 ... frame, 37 ... step, 38 ... Regenerative controller 39 ... Chopper circuit, 40 ... Hand rail, 41 ... Condenser, 42 ... Flow path, 43 ... Radiator, 44 ... Fan, 50 ... Shielding plate (guard), 91,92 ... Gravel scattering direction, 100, 100Z ... Dump truck, 200C ... battery can, 200D ... battery cover, 201 ... cell holder, 202 ... battery module, 203 ... water jacket, 203i ... water jacket inlet, 203o ... water jacket outlet, 203A ... upper surface body, 203B ... lower surface body, 203C ... groove, 204 ... heat conduction sheet, 207 ... battery Control unit, 208 ... relay, 209 ... disconnect switch.

Claims (7)

A generator for generating electric power;
Power conversion means for converting the specifications of the power;
A motor driven by the power converted through the power conversion means;
Wheels driven by the motor;
A power storage device that exchanges power with the motor;
A box-shaped cab that is a cockpit;
A flat floor surface formed around the cab, and a deck positioned above the top of the wheel;
A body having a canopy that covers the upper side of the cab;
With
The dump truck according to claim 1, wherein the power storage device is disposed above an upper surface of the deck. The dump truck according to claim 1,
The dump truck according to claim 1, wherein the power storage device is arranged on a rear side of the cab. The dump truck according to claim 2,
The dump truck according to claim 1, wherein the power storage device is disposed in a space between a back surface of the cab and a back plate of the body. The dump truck according to claim 3,
The back surface of the cab and the back plate of the body are inclined forward so that the upper side is positioned forward with respect to the lower side,
The dump truck according to claim 1, wherein the power storage device is inclined forward according to the inclination of the back surface of the cab and the back plate of the body. The dump truck according to claim 1,
The power storage device includes a plurality of battery units each including a plurality of battery modules in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked, and is configured by integrating the plurality of battery units. The dump truck according to claim 5,
The dump truck according to claim 1, wherein the battery unit is divided and arranged in a plurality of stages in at least one direction of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. The dump truck according to claim 6,
The battery unit is divided and arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and includes a water jacket for flowing a refrigerant or a heat medium,
The water jacket is provided with an inlet and an outlet of a refrigerant or a heat medium on the same side surface in the vehicle width direction of the dump truck,
In the plurality of battery units, the inlet and the outlet are divided and arranged in the same order in the front-rear direction of the dump truck,
Two battery units adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are connected to the outlet of the water jacket refrigerant or heat medium provided in one battery unit and the inlet of the water jacket refrigerant or heat medium provided in the other battery unit by piping. Dump truck characterized by.

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