JP2016041629A - Transfer device, hoist, crane device, and wheel life estimation method used for them - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device and a method for estimating a life of a wheel without using a pulse generator to solve a problem that it is necessary to arrange the pulse generator when a technology for determining wear of a rotating object in response to change in a rotation speed is applied to wheel wear detection of, for example, a hoist and crane as a transfer device for moving an object by rotation of a wheel.SOLUTION: A transfer device for moving an object by rotation of a wheel includes motor for driving wheels, and a control device for controlling the motor. The control device calculates an equivalent driving distance from a driving speed and driving time instructed to the motor and a load of the object, and estimates a life of the wheel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for estimating the life of a wheel used in a moving device, a hoisting machine, and a crane device.

  As background art of this technical field, there is JP 2011-195253 A (Patent Document 1). This Patent Document 1 describes that “the elevator sheave wear amount measuring device that can accurately measure the sheave groove wear amount with a simple configuration” is provided.

JP 2011-195253 A

  In Patent Document 1, the rotational speed of the sheave is detected by a pulse generator, and the effective sheave diameter is calculated according to the rotational speed change when moving between reference positions to determine wear.

  However, when this method is applied as a moving device for moving an object by rotating a wheel, for example, for detecting wheel wear of a hoisting machine or a crane device, in the case of a general crane device, it moves in a horizontal direction with respect to the ground ( When traversing), since the position is not detected by the pulse generator, it is necessary to provide a new pulse generator.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a wheel life estimation device that can estimate the life of a wheel without using a pulse generator, and that is accurate by considering the load when traversing.

  In order to solve the above problems, for example, the configuration described in the claims is adopted. The present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above-described problems. For example, a moving device that moves an object by rotating a wheel, a motor that drives the wheel, and a control device that controls the motor. The control device is configured to calculate the equivalent operation distance from the operation speed and operation time instructed to the motor and the load of the object and to estimate the life of the wheel.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to estimate the wheel life with high accuracy without using a pulse generator.

It is a perspective view which shows the whole structure of an inverter type crane apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the principal part of an inverter type crane apparatus. It is a graph which shows that the progress degree of wheel wear by operation distance changes with load. It is an example of driving distance calculation in consideration of acceleration / deceleration time. It is the example of calculation of the equivalent operating distance by the operating distance total preservation | save method for every load classification, and a load coefficient.

  Hereinafter, examples will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of an inverter crane apparatus in which a wheel life estimation apparatus according to this embodiment is installed, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of the inverter crane apparatus.

  In FIG. 1, an inverter type crane device includes a crane hook 1, a wire rope 2, a hoisting induction motor 3, a hoisting device 4, a traverse induction motor 5, a traverse device 6, a traverse girder 7, a travel induction motor 8, It comprises a traveling device 9, a traveling girder 10, a hoisting / traverse inverter device (referred to as a main control unit) 11, an operation input device 13, and a traveling inverter device 17.

  In FIG. 2, the hoisting / row traverse inverter device 11 includes the hoisting / row traverse inverter control unit 12, the hoisting inverter 14, and the traversing inverter 15, and the traveling inverter device 17 includes the traveling inverter control. It is comprised from the part 18 and the inverter 19 for driving | running | working.

  The inverter type crane device is configured to wind and unload the load attached to the crane hook 1 by the hoisting device 4 provided with the hoisting induction motor 3 so as to wind the wire rope 2 in the Z direction (arrows in the Z direction and the −Z direction). In other words, the parcel is moved up and down. Further, in the X direction (indicated by arrows in the X direction and the −X direction), the traverse induction motor 5 rotates the wheel in the traversing device 6 and moves in the X direction along the traverse girder 7. Further, in the Y direction (indicated by arrows in the Y direction and the −Y direction), the traveling induction motor 8 rotates the wheel in the traveling device 9 and moves in the Y direction along the traveling girder 10.

  The hoisting and traverse induction motors 5 and the traverse induction motor 5 are controlled by the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit 12 of FIG. That is, when the operator inputs a predetermined instruction from the operation input device 13, the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit 12 controls the hoisting inverter 14 and the traverse inverter 15, and the hoisting inverter 14 and the traverse inverter 15, the frequency, voltage, and current necessary for control are added to the hoisting induction motor 3 and the traverse induction motor 5, and the induction motor brake 16 is simultaneously controlled to be released. Thereby, in the case of the hoisting device 4, the load attached to the crane hook 1 is moved in the Z direction without dropping. In the case of the traversing device 6, the hoisting device 4 is moved in the X direction along the traverse girder 7.

  Similarly, when the operator inputs a predetermined instruction from the operation input device 13, the traveling induction motor 8 attached to the traveling device 9 causes the traveling inverter control unit 18 of FIG. 2 stored in the traveling inverter device 17 to travel. Winding along the traveling girder 10 by controlling the inverter 19 and applying the frequency, voltage and current necessary for the control from the traveling inverter 19 to the traveling induction motor 8 and simultaneously controlling the opening of the brake 16 for the induction motor. The upper device 4 is moved in the Y direction.

  In addition, the hoisting and traversing which consist of the crane hook 1, the wire rope 2, the hoisting induction motor 3, the hoisting device 4, the traverse induction motor 5, the traversing device 6, the hoisting / traverse inverter device 11, and the operation input device 13 The part having the function is called a hoist. Therefore, the crane device includes the hoisting machine, the traveling induction motor 8 having a traveling function, the traveling device 9, the traveling inverter device 17, the transverse girder 7, and the traveling girder 10.

  FIG. 3 is a graph showing that the degree of progress of wheel wear depending on the driving distance of the wheel changes depending on the load. According to FIG. 3, the wheel wear increases as the driving distance increases, but further, the wheel wear progresses as the load increases. Therefore, if the operating distance and the load ratio that is the ratio of the load to the rated load are known, the wheel wear can be estimated, and the life of the wheels of the traversing device 6 and the traveling device 9 can be predicted.

  The driving distance (X direction, Y direction) is determined based on the driving instruction frequency output by the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit 12 and the traveling inverter control unit 18 to the traversing inverter 15 and the traveling inverter 19, and hoisting / traversing inverter control. It calculates from the operation time which the part 12 and the traveling inverter control part 18 instruct | indicate. The operation time may be detected by, for example, the time for opening the induction motor brake 16.

  In the case of a general inverter type crane apparatus, the rated speed is obtained when the operation instruction frequency is 60 Hz, the acceleration time to reach the rated speed after the start of operation according to the instruction from the input apparatus 13, and the input apparatus 13 There is a setting of deceleration time from the rated speed to stopping when the instruction is stopped. In order to calculate an accurate driving distance, it is necessary to consider the acceleration time and deceleration time.

  For example, when the driving instruction is continued for 6 seconds at a rated speed of 0.5 m / s, an acceleration time of 2 seconds, and a deceleration time of 2 seconds for the traversing device 6 and the traveling device 9, as shown in FIG. The driving distance is 3 m because the trapezoidal area is calculated by speed × time. Further, in the case of a driving instruction of 2 seconds that does not reach the rated speed, for example, as shown in FIG. 4B, 1 second that is half of the acceleration completion time of 2 seconds becomes the acceleration region, so at the end of the acceleration region. The driving speed is 0.25 m / s, which is half of 0.5 m / s, and the driving distance is 0.25 m because the area of the triangle is obtained. Therefore, an accurate driving distance is found by calculating the driving distance each time the vehicle is driven.

  Here, it goes without saying that the rated speed is set in advance, the speed is calculated from the operation instruction frequency, and the rated speed can be changed according to the type of the traversing device 6 and the traveling device 9. Yes.

  Next, a method for detecting the load factor will be described. The hoisting / traverse inverter control unit 12 detects the current value output by the hoisting inverter 14 when moved in the Z direction, and indirectly estimates the load from the detected current value. Based on the estimated load, for example, (1) light load (0-25%), (2) medium load (26-50%), (3) heavy load (51-75%), (4) super heavy load ( (76% to 100%) and (5) Overload (101% or more) are divided into five categories to determine the current load category. It should be noted that it may be classified further finely, or the estimated load as it is without being classified may be used. However, in this embodiment, it is classified into 5 categories in consideration of the accuracy and processing amount of the estimated load.

  After determining the load classification, if the driving distance in the X direction and the Y direction is measured, it is added to the total driving distance for each load classification as shown in FIG.

  Here, the reason why the load is estimated based on the current value output from the hoisting inverter 14 is that, in the traverse inverter 15, there is little difference in the current value due to the load, and the determination is difficult. In addition, since the crane moves in the X direction and the Y direction after lifting the load, there is no problem because the load classification is already determined when calculating the driving distance in the X direction and the Y direction.

  The traveling inverter control unit 18 does not operate in the Z direction, and thus cannot determine the load category. However, if the load category information is transmitted from the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit 12 by communication or the like, the load category is determined. Thus, the traveling inverter control unit 18 can predict the life of the wheels. Conversely, the driving instruction frequency and the driving time information, which are information related to the driving distance of the wheel of the traveling device 9, are transmitted from the traveling inverter control unit 18 to the hoisting / traversing inverter control unit 12, so that the hoisting / traversing operation is performed. The inverter control unit 12 can predict the life of the wheels of the traveling device 9. Furthermore, even if information on the load classification is not transmitted by communication or the like, the load ratio of a general crane is defined as 63%. Therefore, the load classification may be fixed as a heavy load (51 to 75%). Further, if the traveling inverter 19 is directly controlled by the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit 12 without providing the traveling inverter control unit 18, the driving distance of the wheels of the traveling device 9 can be determined.

  Further, instead of estimating the load detection with the current value output from the inverter, the load may be measured using a dedicated scale. Further, the driving distance may be measured using a position detection device such as an encoder.

  Next, means for predicting the life of the wheel from the operating distance for each load category will be described.

  First, as shown in FIG. 5, a load coefficient is set for each load category, and an equivalent operating distance is calculated by “load coefficient × total operating distance”. For example, when the load coefficient of the load classification “light load” is 0.5 and the operation distance is 5000 m, the equivalent operation distance is 2500 m. The total value of the equivalent operating distance for each load category is the operating distance considering the load. Here, it goes without saying that the load coefficient is set in advance by experiments or the like.

  When the total value of the equivalent driving distance exceeds the driving distance set in advance, it is determined that the life of the wheel is reached, and the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit 12 or the display unit provided in the traveling inverter control unit 18 If the alarm is output, the life of the wheel can be estimated. Further, since the remaining driving distance can be calculated by subtracting the equivalent driving distance from the driving distance set in advance, the remaining driving distance can be calculated using the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit 12 or the traveling inverter control unit. By displaying on the display unit 18, the life time can be predicted in advance, leading to improvement in maintainability such as preparation for parts replacement.

  Here, it is needless to say that the driving distance determined as the life varies depending on the wheel material and the like, and is determined in advance through experiments or the like.

  According to the present embodiment, the life of the wheel can be predicted and an alarm can be output. Therefore, checking the wheel at the time of maintenance does not cause a dangerous state such as wheel removal, and safety is improved.

  In addition, the remaining driving distance can be displayed, so replacement parts can be prepared in advance, the time lag for ordering parts after the end of their service life can be excluded, and the operation of factories using cranes will not be affected. A lifetime estimation device can be provided.

  In addition, although the present Example demonstrated using the induction motor, it is not restricted to this, What is necessary is just the AC motor which can carry out inverter control, such as a synchronous motor, and it is good also as a general motor.

  As described above, the present embodiment is a moving device that moves an object by rotating a wheel, and includes a motor that drives the wheel and a control device that controls the motor, and the control device instructs the motor. The equivalent driving distance is calculated from the driving speed, the driving time, and the load of the object, and the life of the wheel is estimated.

  Further, the moving device is a hoisting machine, and has a hoisting device for hoisting a load as a target object in the Z direction and a traversing device for moving the hoisting device in the X direction. A traverse wheel provided in the apparatus for moving along the traverse girder, wherein the motor is a traverse motor for driving the traverse wheel, and further provided in the hoisting apparatus for winding and driving the load. The control device controls the traverse motor and hoisting motor, calculates the equivalent operating distance from the operating speed and operating time instructed to the traversing motor, and the load of the object, and estimates the life of the traversing wheel The configuration is as follows.

  The control device includes a hoisting inverter that controls the hoisting motor, a traverse inverter that controls the traversing motor, and a hoisting and traverse inverter control unit that controls the hoisting inverter and the traverse inverter. The hoisting and traverse inverter control unit calculates the driving distance of the traverse wheel from the frequency output by the traversing inverter to the traversing motor and the operating time indicated by the hoisting and traverse inverter control unit. The load of the load is calculated from the current value output to the upper motor, and the life of the traversing wheel is estimated from the calculated driving distance and load.

  Further, the moving device is an inverter crane device, a traveling device that moves the hoisting device in the Y direction, a traveling girder, a traverse girder, and a traveling wheel that moves along the traveling girder, A travel motor for driving the travel wheel; a travel inverter for controlling the travel motor; and a travel inverter control unit for controlling the travel inverter. The travel inverter control unit outputs the travel inverter to the travel motor. Calculate the driving distance of the traveling wheel from the frequency and the driving time indicated by the traveling inverter control unit, and estimate the life of the traveling wheel from the calculated driving distance and the load calculated by the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit, and To do.

  Further, the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit obtains information on the driving distance of the traveling wheel from the traveling inverter control unit, and the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit estimates the life of the traveling wheel.

  Moreover, you may guess the lifetime of a wheel as a load of a target object as a regulation value.

  Moreover, when it determines that a wheel is a lifetime, it is set as the structure provided with the means to output outside.

  Moreover, it is set as the structure provided with the means which calculates the remaining driving | operation possible distance from an equivalent driving | running distance, and outputs it outside.

  A wheel life estimation method for a moving device that has a motor that drives a wheel and a control device that controls the motor, and moves an object by rotation of the wheel, the operation speed that the control device instructs the motor The driving distance of the wheel is calculated from the driving time, the equivalent driving distance is calculated from the driving distance and the load of the object, and the life of the wheel is estimated.

  Further, the moving device is a hoisting machine, and the hoisting machine has a hoisting device for hoisting a load as a target object in the Z direction and a traversing device for moving the hoisting device in the X direction. The wheel is a traversing wheel that is provided in the traversing device and moves along the traversing girder, and the motor is a traversing motor that drives the traversing wheel and is provided in the hoisting device to wind up the load. The hoisting motor that drives the hoisting motor controls the hoisting inverter that controls the hoisting motor, the traverse inverter that controls the traversing motor, and the hoisting and traversing that controls the hoisting inverter and the traversing inverter. The inverter control unit calculates the driving distance of the traversing wheel from the frequency output from the traversing inverter to the traversing motor and the operating time indicated by the hoisting / rowing inverter control unit, and the hoisting inverter operates the hoisting motor. Current value output to Luo hoisting-transverse inverter controller calculates the load of luggage and wheel lifetime estimation method to estimate the life of the transverse wheel from the calculated driving distance and load.

  Further, the moving device is an inverter type crane device, and further, a traveling device that moves the hoisting device in the Y direction, a traveling girder, a traverse girder, and a traveling girder that moves along the traveling girder. A traveling motor that drives the traveling wheel, a traveling inverter that controls the traveling motor, and a traveling inverter control unit that controls the traveling inverter. The traveling inverter control unit includes a traveling inverter as a traveling motor. Calculate the driving wheel driving distance from the output frequency and the driving time indicated by the driving inverter control unit, and estimate the life of the driving wheel from the calculated driving distance and the load calculated by the hoisting and traverse inverter control unit. This is the wheel life estimation method.

  The hoisting / traverse inverter control unit obtains information on the driving distance of the traveling wheel from the traveling inverter control unit, and the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit estimates the life of the traveling wheel.

  The load of the object is a wheel life estimation method in which the life of the wheel is estimated as a specified value.

  Furthermore, the load of the object is divided into load categories, the operation distance for each divided load category is calculated, the equivalent operation distance by the load coefficient is calculated from the operation distance for each load category, and the wheel This is a wheel life estimation method for estimating the service life.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to estimate the life of a wheel without using a pulse generator. Moreover, a wheel life estimation method and apparatus with high accuracy are provided by considering the load.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.

1: Crane hook 2: Wire rope 3: Hoisting induction motor 4: Hoisting device 5: Traverse induction motor 6: Traverse device 7: Traverse girder 8: Traveling induction motor 9: Traveling device 10: Traveling girder 11: Hoisting and traverse inverter device 12: Hoisting and traverse inverter control unit 13: Operation input device 14: Hoisting inverter 15: Traverse inverter 16: Induction motor brake 17: Traveling inverter device 18: Traveling inverter control Part 19: Traveling inverter

Claims (15)

A moving device that moves an object by rotating a wheel,
A motor for driving the wheel;
A control device for controlling the motor,
The said control apparatus calculates the equivalent driving distance from the driving speed instruct | indicated to a motor, driving | running time, and the load of the said object, and presumes the lifetime of the said wheel, The moving apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. The mobile device according to claim 1,
The moving device is a hoisting machine,
A hoisting device for hoisting the load as the object in the Z direction, and a traversing device for moving the hoisting device in the X direction,
The wheel is a traverse wheel that is provided in the traversing device and moves along a traverse girder,
The motor is a traverse motor that drives the traverse wheel,
Furthermore, it has a hoisting motor that is provided in the hoisting device and drives the load to be hoisted,
The control device controls the traverse motor and the hoisting motor, calculates an equivalent operation distance from the operation speed and operation time instructed to the traverse motor, and the load of the object, and estimates the life of the traverse wheel A mobile device characterized by: The mobile device according to claim 2, wherein
The control device includes a hoisting inverter that controls the hoisting motor, a traverse inverter that controls the traverse motor, and a hoisting / traverse inverter control unit that controls the hoisting inverter and the traversing inverter. And
The hoisting and traverse inverter control unit calculates the driving distance of the traversing wheel from the frequency output by the traverse inverter to the traversing motor and the operating time indicated by the hoisting and traverse inverter control unit, A moving device characterized in that a load of the load is calculated from a current value output from the hoisting inverter to the hoisting motor, and a life of the traversing wheel is estimated from the calculated driving distance and load. The mobile device according to claim 3,
The moving device is an inverter type crane device,
And a traveling device for moving the hoisting device in the Y direction;
A traveling girder, a traversing girder,
A traveling wheel for movement along the traveling girder;
A travel motor for driving the travel wheels;
A travel inverter for controlling the travel motor;
A travel inverter control unit for controlling the travel inverter;
The traveling inverter control unit calculates a driving distance of the traveling wheel from a frequency output from the traveling inverter to the traveling motor and an operating time indicated by the traveling inverter control unit, and the calculated driving distance and the A moving device that estimates the life of the traveling wheel from a load calculated by a hoisting / traversing inverter control unit. The mobile device according to claim 4, wherein
The hoisting / traverse inverter control unit obtains information on the driving distance of the traveling wheel from the traveling inverter control unit, and the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit estimates the life of the traveling wheel. Mobile device to do. The mobile device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The moving device according to claim 1, wherein the load of the object is estimated as a specified value and the life of the wheel, the traversing wheel or the traveling wheel is estimated. The mobile device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A moving apparatus comprising: means for outputting to the outside when the traversing wheel or the traveling wheel is determined to have a lifetime. The mobile device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A moving apparatus comprising means for calculating a remaining operable distance from the equivalent operating distance and outputting the calculated distance to the outside. The mobile device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The motor, the hoisting motor, the traversing motor or the traveling motor is an induction motor. A wheel life estimation method for a moving device having a motor for driving a wheel and a control device for controlling the motor, and moving an object by rotation of the wheel,
The operation distance of the wheel is calculated from the operation speed and operation time instructed to the motor by the control device, the equivalent operation distance is calculated from the operation distance and the load of the object, and the life of the wheel is estimated. Wheel life estimation method for a moving device. In the wheel lifetime estimation method of the moving device according to claim 10,
The moving device is a hoisting machine,
The hoisting machine has a hoisting device for hoisting the load as the object in the Z direction and a traversing device for moving the hoisting device in the X direction,
The wheel is a traverse wheel that is provided in the traversing device and moves along a traverse girder,
The motor is a traverse motor that drives the traverse wheel,
A hoisting motor provided in the hoisting device for driving the hoisting of the load;
The control device includes a hoisting inverter that controls the hoisting motor, a traverse inverter that controls the traverse motor, and a hoisting / traverse inverter control unit that controls the hoisting inverter and the traversing inverter. And
The driving distance of the traverse wheel is calculated from the frequency output by the traverse inverter to the traverse motor and the operation time indicated by the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit, and the hoisting inverter is applied to the hoisting motor. The hoisting and traverse inverter control unit calculates the load of the load from the output current value, and estimates the life of the traversing wheel from the calculated driving distance and load. Method. The wheel life estimation method for a mobile device according to claim 11,
The moving device is an inverter type crane device,
And a traveling device for moving the hoisting device in the Y direction;
A traveling girder, a traversing girder,
A traveling wheel for movement along the traveling girder;
A travel motor for driving the travel wheels;
A travel inverter for controlling the travel motor;
A travel inverter control unit for controlling the travel inverter;
The traveling inverter control unit calculates a driving distance of the traveling wheel from a frequency output from the traveling inverter to the traveling motor and an operating time indicated by the traveling inverter control unit, and the calculated driving distance and the A wheel life estimation method for a moving apparatus, wherein the life of a traveling wheel is estimated from a load calculated by a hoisting / traversing inverter control unit. In the wheel lifetime estimation method of the moving device according to claim 12,
The hoisting / traverse inverter control unit obtains information on the driving distance of the traveling wheel from the traveling inverter control unit, and the hoisting / traverse inverter control unit estimates the life of the traveling wheel. Wheel life estimation method for a moving device. The mobile device according to any one of claims 10 to 13,
The moving device according to claim 1, wherein the load of the object is estimated as a specified value and the life of the wheel, the traversing wheel or the traveling wheel is estimated. In the wheel lifetime estimation method of the moving device according to any one of claims 10 to 14,
Dividing the load of the object into load categories;
Calculate the operating distance for each divided load category,
Calculate the equivalent operating distance by the load factor from the operating distance for each load category,
A wheel life estimation method for a moving device, wherein the life of the wheel, the traversing wheel or the traveling wheel is estimated from the equivalent driving distance.

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