JP2016031177A - Sunlight heat transfer apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sunlight heat transfer apparatus including a sunlight heat collector capable of efficiently converting soft water by sunlight heat into energy acting as steam of high temperature and high pressure, performing smooth supply of the soft water and attaining an effect for preventing freezing of water.SOLUTION: An outer tube 15 having a closed part 15b at an upper end thereof, an inner tube 16 having an upper part opening end 16a opposing against the closed part 15b, a first space part 21 disposed between an inner circumferential surface of the outer tube 15 and an outer circumferential surface of the inner tube 16, and a second space part 22 disposed between the closed part 15b and the upper part opening end 16a. Soft water L supplied from a feed water header pipe 13 is filled in the first space part 21 to a prescribed water level and at the same time steam G of high temperature and high pressure from the boiled soft water L is filled in the second space part 22 and the steam G is discharged out of a discharged gas header pipe 14 through the inner tube 16.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar heat exchange device that converts solar energy into energy for obtaining electric power.

  In recent years, power generation methods using sunlight as renewable energy have attracted attention. There are two methods of using sunlight, a method of converting directly into electric power through a solar cell, and a method of converting electric power into hot water or steam using heat from sunlight and turning the turbine to obtain electric power. In the method of converting directly into electric power using the solar cell, a plurality of solar panels in which a large number of solar cells (cells) are arranged are used in combination, but the output voltage in one cell is usually 0.5 to There is a problem that the power generation efficiency is low with respect to the scale of the solar panel, which is as low as about 1.0V.

  On the other hand, solar thermal power generation using heat from sunlight differs from the method of generating power through the cell, and condenses sunlight with a heat collecting member such as a lens or a reflector so that it can be cooled to room temperature or cold water. Is a power generation method that uses as an energy source for turning the turbine by converting it into hot water or steam. This solar thermal power generation does not require the use of high-cost solar cells compared to solar power generation. In addition, it is more advantageous in terms of manufacturing and maintenance to use a condensing member such as a lens or a reflector than a solar cell, and it is possible to concentrate energy and suppress fluctuations in the amount of power generated by heat storage. have.

  There are several methods for solar thermal power generation, but a method using a heat pipe is often used as a simple configuration. This heat pipe type power generation method is a power generation method in which sunlight is concentrated on a long pipe member, a liquid medium such as water flowing in the pipe member is heated, and power is generated by the heat.

  Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a solar heat collector (solar heat collector) composed of a vacuum glass tube for heating and circulating a liquid medium such as water to a high temperature by solar heat. The solar collector is composed of a pipe-shaped heat collecting tube and a vacuum glass tube covering the heat collecting tube. The heat collecting tube is composed of a metal outer tube and a metal inner tube disposed in the outer tube, and a liquid medium introduced from one end of the inner tube is discharged from the other end, and the inner tube and the outer tube are discharged. While the space with the tube is made to flow out in the direction opposite to the inflow direction of the liquid medium, it is converted into a high temperature liquid medium by solar heat passing through the vacuum glass tube. The inlet header pipe communicating with the inner pipe has a structure arranged in the outlet header pipe communicating with the outer pipe.

  Patent Document 3 discloses a vacuum double glass tube for converting a liquid medium such as water into warm water or steam by warming it with solar heat. When converting into hot water, a U-shaped tube is disposed along the inner surface of the vacuum double glass tube that receives the irradiation of sunlight, water is supplied from one end of the U-shaped tube, and warm water is supplied from the other end. It comes to take out as. Further, a metal steam generation tube with a closed bottom is covered with the vacuum double glass tube, and water is dripped from the water supply tube toward the bottom from the top of the steam generation tube, and the dripped water is caused by sunlight. When heated, it can be taken out as steam.

JP 2004-85062 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-015730 JP-A-7-324826

  As mentioned above, in conventional heat pipe type collectors, it is possible to convert normal temperature water or cold water into warm water of a predetermined temperature, but it is possible to convert normal temperature water etc. directly into steam It was difficult. This is because, if the water supply pipe is simply passed through the solar collector, the cold water passing through the water supply pipe can be heated, but the heat up to the steam cannot be given in a short time.

  In the solar collectors disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, water supplied from one end of the inner tube is heated by the vacuum glass tube, and further, the water flows back between the inner tube and the outer tube. Although it is converted into hot water of high temperature by being heated, it does not have a structure that can be completely taken out as steam because it does not have a brackish water separation function.

  Patent Document 3 discloses a configuration that can be taken out as steam, but water is supplied from the tip of a water supply pipe inserted into the steam generation pipe, and steam generated by heating the water is supplied. The steam header pipe is connected through a gap with the water supply pipe. In such a structure, the steam generated from the steam generation pipe simply rises and is discharged toward the steam header pipe. For example, the steam turbine connected to the tip of the steam header pipe is directly driven. Just the pressure cannot be obtained.

  Moreover, although it is common to patent documents 1 thru | or 3, it has the structure which supplies heat medium, such as water, toward the bottom part of a solar-heat collector from a water supply header pipe | tube, and backflows the hot water and the steam which were thermally converted upwards. In such a structure, there is a problem that the brackish water separation at the time of taking out as steam cannot be performed efficiently. Furthermore, since the supplied water tends to accumulate at the bottom of the solar collector, there is a risk of freezing in winter and cold areas, and there is a problem in maintainability.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a solar collector that can efficiently convert soft water into energy as high-temperature and high-pressure steam by solar heat, can smoothly supply the soft water, and can also provide an anti-freezing effect. A solar heat exchange device is provided.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a solar heat exchanger according to the present invention includes a feed header pipe for supplying soft water, an exhaust header pipe for discharging steam exchanged from the soft water, and an upward branch from the feed header pipe. An outer tube having an upper end closed, and an inner tube inserted into the outer tube and having an upper open end facing the closed upper end of the outer tube and a lower open end connected to the exhaust header pipe, A first space provided between the inner peripheral surface of the outer tube and the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube, and a second space provided between the closed upper end of the outer tube and the upper open end of the inner tube; A solar heat exchanging device equipped with a solar heat collector that is mounted so as to cover the outer tube and is irradiated with sunlight, and is supplied from the water supply header tube to the first space portion So that soft water maintains the prescribed water level The second space is filled with high-temperature steam in which the soft water has boiled, and the steam compressed in the second space is pushed from the upper opening end of the inner pipe toward the lower opening end, Vapor energy is discharged to the outside through the exhaust header pipe.

  According to the solar heat exchange device of the present invention, soft water supplied from the feed header pipe is supplied from the lower part of the outer pipe enclosed in the vacuum glass pipe and boiled by solar heat, and the boiled steam is boiled in the outer pipe. By discharging from the upper opening end to the lower opening end of the inner pipe inserted into the pipe, energy sufficient to drive the turbine or the like can be obtained efficiently. In addition, since soft water as a heat exchange medium is supplied from the lower part to the upper part of the outer pipe, the soft water accumulated in the outer pipe is supplied when the use of the solar heat exchange device is stopped. It can be returned naturally to the header tube and discharged to the outside. For this reason, it is possible to prevent freezing when used in winter or cold regions.

  In addition, the soft water is supplied from the outer tube and the steam is discharged from the inner tube, so that the soft water can be instantaneously boiled to a high temperature by solar heat pouring through the vacuum glass tube, and the generated high temperature and pressure Can be introduced in a compressed state in the inner tube. This makes it possible to generate steam at a pressure sufficient to drive a turbine or the like.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of a solar heat exchange device according to the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of a solar-heat collector. It is an effect | action figure of the said solar-heat collector. It is a conceptual diagram of the solar heat exchange apparatus provided with the circulation means.

  Hereinafter, based on an accompanying drawing, an embodiment of a solar heat exchange device concerning the present invention is described in detail. FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the solar heat exchanger 11. The solar heat exchanger 11 takes in a water supply header pipe 13 and an exhaust header pipe 14 extending in the horizontal direction, and soft water L that is a liquid heat exchange medium from the water supply header pipe 13, and converts the soft water L into high-temperature steam G. And a plurality of solar collectors 12 that convert the heat and discharge the exhaust header pipe 14. The solar collector 12 includes an outer pipe 15 that introduces the soft water L to a predetermined water level, an inner pipe 16 that is inserted into the outer pipe 15 and passes steam G generated by heat exchange from the soft water L, and And a vacuum glass tube 17 covering the outer tube 15. In addition, a water supply pump 19 for supplying soft water L to the outer pipe 15 at a constant flow rate is provided at one end of the water supply header pipe 13, and the water level of the soft water L supplied to the outer pipe 15 is provided at the other end. A water level measuring tube 20 to be detected is provided. This water level measuring pipe 20 is installed in parallel with the same diameter and height as the outer pipe 15, and detects the upper water level sensor S1 that detects the upper water level of the soft water L that fills the outer pipe 15, and the lower water level. A lower water level sensor S2 is provided.

  The solar heat exchanger 11 includes a solar heat collector unit 30 in which a water supply header pipe 13 and an exhaust header pipe 14 having a predetermined length and a plurality of the solar heat collectors 12 are housed in a frame 28. It is configured in combination as appropriate according to the ability. The solar heat collector unit 30 is connected in parallel via connecting members 25 provided at both ends of each water supply header pipe 13 and exhaust header pipe 14, and water supply and exhaust to each solar heat collector 12 are on the lower side. Thus, it arrange | positions toward the direction which receives direct sunlight. The solar collector 12 is preferably set at an inclination angle of about 35 to 45 degrees with respect to the ground surface.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the solar heat collector 12 has an opening 15 a below the outer tube 15 in which the inner tube 16 is inserted as a connecting portion branched from the water supply header tube 13. A gap between the surface and the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube 16 is a first space portion 21 filled with the soft water L. Further, a second space portion 22 filled with the steam G in which the soft water L is boiled is formed between the closed upper end (closed portion) 15b of the outer tube 15 and the upper opening end 16a of the inner tube 16. The steam G compressed in the second space portion 22 is pushed out from the upper opening end 16a of the inner pipe 16 toward the lower opening end 16b, and merged with and connected to the lower opening end 16b. Discharged inside. In order to efficiently obtain solar heat H through the vacuum glass tube 17, it is preferable to provide heat collecting fins 18 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 on the outer peripheral portion of the outer tube 16.

  As described above, in the closed portion 15b of the outer pipe 15 extending from the first space portion 21 to the second space portion 22, the bracked soft water L is in a brackish water separation state in which heat exchange continuously occurs from liquid to steam G. Become. In order to efficiently perform this brackish water separation, as shown in FIG. 1, the flow rate of the soft water L supplied to the first space portion 21 is monitored by the water level measuring pipe 20, and the water supply pump is adjusted so as to obtain an appropriate water amount. It is necessary to adjust the flow rate by 19 and the like. The upper water level sensor S1 provided in the water level measuring pipe 20 is set at a position lower than the upper opening end 16a of the inner pipe 16, and the soft water L supplied from the water supply header pipe 13 enters the inner pipe 16 in a liquid state. To prevent. The lower water level sensor S2 is set at a position lowered from the upper water level sensor S1 to a predetermined water level, and serves as a standard for ensuring a sufficient water level for efficient conversion to the steam G. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the water level of the soft water L supplied to the first space 21 is not less than the lower water level sensor S2 and the range not exceeding the upper water level sensor S1 is an appropriate water level for efficiently performing brackish water separation. It becomes.

  When the water level of the supplied soft water L is detected by the upper water level sensor S1, the supply from the feed water pump 19 stops. If the water level falls and is not detected by the upper water level sensor S1, the water supply is started again, and the lower water level is started. It is maintained above the water level detected by the sensor S2. Even if the water level of the soft water L is lower than the lower water level sensor S2, it is heated when rising in the first space portion 21 of the outer pipe 15 and is introduced into the inner pipe 16 as steam G. Therefore, although the heat conversion efficiency is lowered, the constant steam G can be discharged to the exhaust header pipe 14.

  The position setting of the upper water level sensor S1 and the lower water level sensor S2 differs depending on the number of solar collectors 12 installed, the amount of heat collected by the solar heat H, or the drive capacity of the water supply pump 19, and therefore the amount of steam G discharged from the exhaust header pipe 14 It is preferable to set based on the above.

  The outer tube 15 and the inner tube 16 are made of copper having high thermal conductivity, particularly oxygen-free copper, and the outer tube 15 is provided with heat collecting fins 18 so as to protrude outward. The heat collection fins 18 are provided to efficiently absorb the solar heat H irradiated through the vacuum glass tube 17 from the outer tube 15 to the inner tube 16. In the present embodiment, a pair of heat collecting fins 18 are provided facing the longitudinal direction of the outer tube 15. However, by setting the surface area of the heat collecting fins 18 wide or arranging a plurality of them radially, the heat collecting fins 18 are arranged. The effect can be increased. The material of the heat collecting fins 18 is a thin heat-treated copper material that is the same as the inner tube 16 and the outer tube 15, or is formed integrally with the outer tube 15.

  The vacuum glass tube 17 is formed into a cylindrical shape with double glass having a vacuum inside, and completely covers the outer tube 15. The space between the vacuum glass tube 17 and the outer tube 15 is an air layer, and the air layer is heated by the sun rays falling through the vacuum glass tube 17 to heat the outer tube 15 and the inner tube 16 to a high temperature. Can be made. Further, by forming a black solar heat selective absorption film inside the double glass of the vacuum glass tube 17, the air layer can be heated to a higher temperature.

  The vacuum glass tube 17 is disposed so as to cover from the distal end portion of the outer tube 15 toward the water supply header tube 13, but its open end is not hermetically sealed and is covered with a coarse heat insulating material. Only. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the air layer heated through the vacuum glass tube 17 from being excessively expanded, and to prevent the vacuum glass tube 17 from being ruptured. Further, even when the vacuum glass tube 17 is damaged or deteriorated due to an external impact or a secular change, it can be easily replaced, which is advantageous in terms of maintainability.

  In the solar heat collector 12 constituting the solar heat exchange device 11 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the soft water L that is a heat exchange medium is introduced into the first space portion 21 from the lower portion of the outer tube 15, The brackish water separation in which the high-temperature steam G boiled in the first space portion 21 is sequentially sent out to the second space portion 22 and compressed by the closed portion 15b of the outer tube 15 can be performed efficiently. As a result, the compressed steam G can be pushed out from the upper opening end 16a of the inner pipe 16 inserted into the outer pipe 15 toward the lower opening end 16b at a stroke, as shown in FIG. The steam turbine 26 connected to the tip of the exhaust header pipe 14 and the steam generator 27 connected to the steam turbine 26 can be directly driven.

  The structural feature of the solar collector 12 is that the soft water L is supplied into the outer tube 15 so that the soft water L is boiled at a high temperature by the solar heat H that pours through the vacuum glass tube 17, and the steam G It is possible to exchange heat. Furthermore, since the inner pipe 16 is disposed along the central axis of the outer pipe 15, the generated steam G is not dispersed and is easily concentrated in the inner pipe 16. As a result, the steam G toward the exhaust header pipe 14 is compressed and can be discharged in an accelerated state.

  Moreover, the structural feature as the solar heat exchanger 11 provided with the solar heat collector 12 is that the solar heat collector 12 is disposed vertically with respect to the water supply header pipe 13 and the exhaust header pipe 14. By opening the drain valve 23 provided in the feed header pipe 13, the soft water L accumulated in the outer pipe 15 and the feed header pipe 13 can be naturally discharged to the outside. Thereby, even if it is a case where the solar heat exchanger 11 is stopped at night, the winter season, etc., the freezing in the solar-heat collector 12 can be prevented effectively. Further, the exhaust header pipe 14 is provided with an exhaust valve 24. By opening the exhaust valve 24, the steam G convection to the inner pipe 16 when the solar heat exchanger 11 is stopped is discharged. Can do. In addition, by using a low temperature operation valve for the drain valve 23 and the exhaust valve 24, the valve can be automatically opened and closed according to the temperature change of the outside air. As a result, it is possible to efficiently take anti-freezing measures.

  FIG. 4 shows a configuration in which a condenser tank 32 is added to the solar heat exchanger 11 composed of a plurality of solar collector units 30 shown in FIG. A binary generator 34 is connected to the condenser tank 32 via a binary turbine 33. The condenser tank 32 is supplied with exhaust heat from the steam turbine 26, and heat exchange is performed on the exhaust heat to generate low-melting-point steam G. And with this steam G, by rotating the binary turbine 33, predetermined power can be obtained also from the binary generator 34. Further, the soft water L converted by the condenser tank 32 can be returned to the solar collector unit 30 by the water supply pump 19. In this way, by reusing the high-temperature and high-pressure steam G obtained by the solar heat H without waste, a circulation type solar heat exchange device can be configured.

  As described above, in the solar heat exchanging device 11 of the present invention, the solar heat collector 12 can be freely increased or decreased via the water supply header pipe 13 and the exhaust header pipe 14, so that it can be used from a small power that can be used in a general household. It can cover up to a large amount of power that can be used in a certain region or company. Further, the steam G discharged from the plurality of solar heat collectors 12 can be stored in a tank, so that a constant electric power can be generated even at night or on a cloudy day with short sunshine hours. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, by providing circulation means such as the condenser tank 32 and connecting the binary turbine 33 and the binary generator 34 to the end of the circulation means, binary power generation is performed, and the condenser tank 32 and Natural energy can be effectively utilized by returning to the solar collector 12 again using the water supply pump 19.

H Solar heat L Soft water G Steam S1 Upper water level sensor S2 Lower water level sensor 11 Solar heat exchanger 12 Solar heat collector 13 Water supply header pipe 14 Exhaust header pipe 15 Outer pipe 15a Opening part 15b Closure part 16 Inner pipe 16a Upper opening end 16b Lower opening End 17 Vacuum glass tube 18 Heat collection fin 19 Water supply pump 20 Water level measurement tube 21 First space portion 22 Second space portion 23 Drain valve 24 Exhaust valve 25 Connecting member 26 Steam turbine 27 Steam generator 28 Frame 30 Solar collector unit 32 Recovery Water tank 33 Binary turbine 34 Binary generator

Claims (7)

A feed header pipe for supplying soft water, an exhaust header pipe for discharging steam heat-exchanged from the soft water,
An outer pipe branched and extending upward from the water supply header pipe, the upper end of which is closed;
An inner pipe inserted into the outer pipe and having an upper opening end facing the closed upper end of the outer pipe and a lower opening end connected to the exhaust header pipe;
A first space provided between the inner peripheral surface of the outer tube and the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube, and a second space provided between the closed upper end of the outer tube and the upper open end of the inner tube;
A solar heat exchanging device equipped with a solar collector that is mounted so as to cover the outer tube and receives a vacuum glass tube that receives irradiation of sunlight,
The first space is filled with soft water supplied from the feed header pipe so as to maintain a predetermined water level, and the second space is filled with high-temperature steam from which the soft water has boiled. 2. A solar heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the steam compressed in the space is pushed out from the upper opening end of the inner pipe toward the lower opening end and is discharged to the outside as steam energy through the exhaust header pipe.   The solar heat exchanging device according to claim 1, wherein the solar heat collector converts the soft water boiled in the first space portion into steam by subjecting the soft water to steam separation in the second space portion.   The soft water is introduced into the solar collector from the lower part of the first space, and steam is discharged from the upper opening end of the inner pipe toward the lower opening end by the brackish water separation. Solar heat exchange equipment.   A water level measuring pipe is provided along a direction in which the outer pipe and the inner pipe extend, and a water level sensor for detecting an upper water level and a lower water level of soft water that fills the first space is provided in the water level measuring pipe. The solar heat exchange apparatus as described.   The water level sensor includes an upper water level sensor set at a position lower than the upper opening end of the inner pipe, and a lower water level sensor set at a predetermined lower position than the upper water level sensor, and the soft water level is higher than the upper water level sensor. The solar heat exchange device according to claim 4, wherein the flow rate is adjusted to be lower than the water level sensor and equal to or higher than the lower water level sensor.   The drain valve for discharging the soft water supplied in the outer pipe to the outside is provided in the water supply header pipe, and the exhaust valve for discharging the steam in the inner pipe is provided in the exhaust header pipe. Solar heat exchanger.   The solar heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the outer tube and the inner tube are formed of a material having high thermal conductivity.

Images