JP2016023041A - Supporting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the safety factors of ropes used for supporting a to-be-supported object in a case of supporting the to-be-supported object such as a ship.SOLUTION: Provided is a support device 1 for supporting a to-be-support object such as a ship, comprising: a rotatable first shaft 4; a first rope W having a tip end fixed to a supporting object and wound around the first shaft 4 to be able to unreeled; a rotatable second shaft 5; and a second rope R having a tip end fixed to the to-be-supported object, wound around the second shaft 5 to be able to be unreeled, and different from the first rope W in a spring constant per unit length.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a support device that is installed on, for example, a quay and used to support a supported object such as a ship or an offshore structure.

  In a ship, a position holding mechanism that holds a position by using a plurality of mooring lines is indispensable when the ship is fastened to a quay or a pontoon or the like by construction or shipping (quay mooring). The position holding mechanism controls the movement amount of the ship by using, as a restoring force, the tension generated in the mooring line when the ship moves with respect to an external force. Specifically, the position holding mechanism performs mooring by extending a mooring cable from a winch installed in a ship to a bollard installed on a quay and winding the mooring cable around the bollard.

Specific materials for mooring lines that generate tension include wires and ropes. Each of the plurality of mooring lines is given a role of suppressing the forward and backward movement of the ship, a role of bringing the ship closer to the quay, and a role of generating a restoring force in the forces generated in the above two roles.
In addition, berth mooring is also applied to construction, etc., so ships may be moored for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to examine a position holding mechanism that can realize the above-described role even under stormy conditions such as typhoons. At that time, it is necessary to pay attention to two points: suppression of the moving amount and breakage of the mooring line due to excess tension.

  Patent Document 1 describes a winch that has an AC motor that drives a winding drum and that controls the tension of a mooring line by controlling a frequency conversion unit connected to the AC motor. Patent Document 2 describes a double bollard having two bollards and adjusting the tension of a mooring line by mechanically driving at least one of the two bollards.

JP 2011-236056 A JP-T-2001-523192

Here, since the wire has a high spring constant and the rope has a low spring constant, the wire generates a large tension with respect to the movement of the ship and tends to break. That is, since the wire alone generates a large tension against the ship's sway, the safety factor is lowered. In addition, the swaying of the ship becomes very large with the rope alone. Also, even if both a wire and a rope are used, the rope does not function well because only the wire generates tension with respect to the amount of movement.
In addition, both the winch described in Patent Document 1 and the bollard described in Patent Document 2 have a problem that the device configuration is complicated because the driving force of an electric motor or the like is used to adjust the tension of the mooring cable.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a support device capable of improving the safety factor of a rope used for support when supporting a supported object such as a ship.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the support device includes a first shaft that is rotatable, a first rope that is wound around the first shaft so that the tip is fixed to a support and can be fed out, and the first device is rotatable. A second shaft and a second rope fixed to a supported object and wound around the second shaft so as to be able to be fed out, and having a different spring constant per unit length than the first rope, To do.

  According to such a configuration, when supporting the support using the two ropes of the first rope and the second rope, the tension applied to the rope is distributed to the first rope and the second rope. The safety factor can be improved. That is, since the tension applied to the cable having a large spring constant is reduced by the cable having a small spring constant and the tensions of both the cables are automatically balanced, the excessive tension applied to the cable can be suppressed.

  Further, in the support device, the first shaft may be wound so that the second rope is unwound when the first rope is wound, and so that the second rope is wound when the first rope is unreeled. It is good also as a structure provided with the transmission part which transmits rotation and rotation of said 2nd axis | shaft mutually.

  In the supporting device, the first shaft is formed to have a smaller diameter than the second shaft, and the first cord has a larger spring constant per unit length than the second cord, and the transmission unit May be configured to be a connecting portion that connects the first shaft and the second shaft so as to be coaxial.

  According to such a configuration, an optimum support device is designed for various supported objects having different conditions such as size by changing the shaft diameter according to the spring constant of the first rope and the second rope. can do.

  Further, in the above support device, the first rope has a larger spring constant per unit length than the second rope, and the transmission portion has a peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft that is an outer peripheral surface of the second shaft. It may be a gear group that transmits the rotation of the first shaft and the rotation of the second shaft to each other so as to be smaller than the peripheral speed.

  According to such a configuration, an optimal support device for various supported objects having different sizes and other conditions by changing the number of teeth of the gear group according to the spring constants of the first rope and the second rope. Can be designed.

  Further, in the support device, when the first shaft or the second shaft is provided at the first shaft or the second shaft and the first shaft or the second shaft rotates at a speed higher than a predetermined speed, the first shaft or the second shaft rotates. It is good also as a structure which has an emergency stop apparatus which stops.

  According to the present invention, when supporting a support using two ropes of the first rope and the second rope, the tension applied to the rope is distributed to the first rope and the second rope. The rate can be improved. That is, since the tension applied to the cable having a large spring constant is reduced by the cable having a small spring constant and the tensions of both the cables are automatically balanced, the excessive tension applied to the cable can be suppressed.

It is a top view which shows a mode that a ship is moored using the support apparatus of embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of the support device of a first embodiment of the present invention. It is the schematic for demonstrating the behavior of the mooring rope in the support apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic explaining the structure of the emergency stop apparatus of the support apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a graph explaining the tension | tensile_strength concerning a rope and a wire at the time of operation | movement of the support apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic explaining the balance of the moment and tension | tensile_strength of the support apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of the support apparatus of 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic for demonstrating the behavior of the mooring rope in the support apparatus of 2nd embodiment of this invention.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, the support apparatus 1 of 1st embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail with reference to drawings.
The support device 1 according to the present embodiment is used in a mooring facility provided for a ship S to anchor at a quay P.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of support devices 1 of the present embodiment are installed on a quay P and connected to a winch Wi (winding machine) mounted on a ship S. Although details will be described later, the support device 1 of the present embodiment is a device that uses both the wire W (first rope) and the rope R (second rope) as a mooring line, and the winch Wi corresponds to this, Two are installed side by side with respect to one support device 1. The configuration of the winch Wi is not limited to this, and the wire W and the rope may be wound around one winch. That is, it is only necessary to hold two cords with a predetermined tension.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the support device 1 according to the present embodiment is wound around a pair of support members 2 fixed to the ground, a drum 3 that is rotatably supported by the pair of support members 2, and the drum 3. A wire W, a rope R wound around the drum 3, and an emergency stop device 7 provided on the drum 3.

  A wire W and a rope R, which are mooring lines having different spring constants per unit length, are wound around the drum 3. That is, the drum 3 is wound with the rope R and the wire W having a larger spring constant than the rope R. The number of windings of the wire W and the rope R around the drum 3 depends on the material of the wire W and the rope R. The number of windings of the wire W and the rope R around the drum 3 is about 3 to 4 turns in consideration of the drum 3 rotating about 1 to 2 times.

The drum 3 includes a cylindrical small-diameter drum 4 (first shaft) around which the wire W is wound, and a cylindrical large-diameter drum 5 around which the rope R is wound and has a larger diameter than the small-diameter drum 4. (Second axis). The small-diameter drum 4 and the large-diameter drum 5 are connected so as to be coaxial via a connection portion 6 (transmission portion).
Both ends of the drum 3 in the axial direction are rotatably supported by the support member 2 via a predetermined bearing device (bearing).

As shown in FIG. 3, the wire W and the rope R are wound so that the winding direction is opposite. Specifically, the wire W and the rope R are wound in the winding direction D1 from the fixed end portion of the wire W on the drum 3 side to the connecting end portion on the winch Wi side, and from the fixed end portion of the rope R on the drum 3 side to the winch Wi. The drum 3 is wound around the drum 3 such that the winding direction D2 toward the connecting end on the side is opposite.
That is, the wire W and the rope R are drawn out to the winch Wi side when the drum 3 rotates in one of the circumferential directions, and the other of the wire W and the rope R is pulled to the drum 3. It is wound around the drum 3 so as to be wound. In other words, the small-diameter drum 4 and the large-diameter drum 5 are connected so that the rope R is drawn out when the wire W is wound up and so that the rope R is taken up when the wire W is drawn out.

As shown in FIG. 4, the emergency stop device 7 provided on the drum 3 includes a gear member 8 having a plurality of ratchet teeth 9 formed therein, a claw member 12 disposed inside the gear member 8, And a ball 16 disposed in the vicinity of the claw member 12.
The gear member 8 has an annular shape and is fixed to an end portion in the axial direction of the drum 3 so as to be coaxial with the drum 3. The ratchet tooth 9 is a tooth whose rotation is restricted by the engagement of the claw member 12. The ratchet tooth 9 is an engagement surface 10 that engages with the claw member 12, and the radially inner peripheral end of the adjacent engagement surface 10. And an inclined surface 11 connecting the outer peripheral side end.

The claw member 12 is rotatably fixed to a predetermined position inside the gear member 8. The claw member 12 is formed integrally with the engaging claw portion 13 that engages with the ratchet teeth 9, the slope portion 14 that is formed integrally with the engagement claw portion 13, and the engagement claw portion 13 and the slope portion 14. , And a rotation shaft portion 15. The rotation shaft portion 15 is fixed to the end surface of the drum 3 so as to be freely rotatable. The claw member 12 is rotated around the rotation shaft portion 15 between an engagement state where the claw member 12 engages with the ratchet teeth 9 and a free state where the claw member 12 is separated from the ratchet teeth 9. Can do. The claw member 12 is normally in a free state by an urging member such as a tension coil spring (not shown).
The ball 16 is attached to the end surface of the drum 3 so as to be movable in the radial direction of the drum 3. The ball 16 has a function of contacting the inclined surface portion 14 of the claw member 12 and moving the claw member 12 to the engaged state when moving outward in the radial direction.

Next, the usage method of the support apparatus 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated.
A plurality of (six in this embodiment) support devices 1 are arranged according to the size of the ship S as shown in FIG.
First, the rope R and the wire W of the support device 1 are connected to a mooring line on the winch Wi side of the ship S. Specifically, the wire W of the support device 1 is tied to a mooring rope wound around the winch Wi of the ship S by, for example, a double joint or a single joint. Similarly, the rope R of the support device 1 is tied to a mooring line wound around the winch Wi of the ship S.
Next, the rope R and the wire W are wound up by the winch Wi on the ship S side until tension is generated.

  Here, when the ship S is swung by an external force, the wire W having a large spring constant is pulled and a large tension is generated in the rope R, and the drum 3 rotates in the direction indicated by D1 in FIG. Thereby, the tension | tensile_strength of the wire W and the rope R balances automatically, and the fracture | rupture of the wire W and the rope R which function as a mooring line can be prevented.

Further, when at least one of the wire W and the rope R is cut due to aging or the like and the drum 3 rotates carelessly, the emergency stop device 7 is activated.
That is, when the drum 3 rotates at a predetermined speed or higher, a centrifugal force exceeding gravity is applied to the ball 16 of the emergency stop device 7, and the ball 16 moves to the outer peripheral side in the radial direction. When the ball 16 moves to the outer peripheral side in the radial direction, the ball 16 presses the inclined surface portion 14 of the claw member 12 of the emergency stop device 7 and the claw member 12 rotates. As the claw member 12 rotates, the claw member 12 changes from the free state to the engaged state, and the engagement claw portion 13 of the claw member 12 engages with the ratchet teeth 9 of the gear member 8 to stop the rotation of the drum 3.

Next, the operation principle of the support device 1 of the present embodiment will be described.
As described above, the wire W wound around the small-diameter drum 4 and the large-diameter drum 5 of the drum 3 and the rope R are ropes having different spring constants, and the wire W has a larger spring constant. That is, when the wire W and the rope R having the same length are pulled with the same force, the wire W becomes longer and a large tension is generated by the rope R.
Therefore, when the ship S is shaken by an external force such as a strong wind, the wire W having a large spring constant is pulled. Thereby, the drum 3 rotates in the direction in which the rope R becomes shorter.

By the way, the spring constant depends on the length of the cord as shown in the following formula (1). In Equation (1), A: the cross-sectional area of the rope, E: the Young's modulus of the rope, and l: the length of the rope.
k = A · E / l (1)

Here, in FIG. 5, the graph explaining the tension | tensile_strength concerning the rope R and the wire W at the time of operation | movement of a support apparatus is shown. In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis represents the movement amount x of the ship S, and the vertical axis represents the tension T.
When the length of the cord changes as described above, the tension of the rope R increases and the tension of the wire W decreases as shown in the graph of FIG. Thereby, the load (tension) of the wire W is reduced by the rope R. That is, the tension of the rope R becomes relatively larger than the tension of the wire W as compared with the ship S.

Next, the support apparatus 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated using a specific Example. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the balance of moment and tension of the support device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Considering the system as shown in FIG. 6, the following formula (2) is established by the balance of moments. In Equation (2), R: radius of the large diameter drum 5, r: radius of the small diameter drum 4, T: tension of the rope R, t: tension of the wire W.
R · T = r · t (2)

  Moreover, the following numerical formula (3) and numerical formula (4) are formed by balance of tension. In Expressions (3) and (4), θ is the drum rotation angle, and x is the ship movement amount (m).

  From the formulas (3) and (4), the following formula (5) can be derived.

Then, R, r, and θ were calculated so that the above formula (5) was established.
Ae = 12,000 [ton] in the wire W
In the rope R, AE = 25,000 [ton]
Then,
R = 0.85 [m]
r = 0.49 [m]
θ = 360 [deg]
Therefore, it can be considered that it can cope with the movement amount 6 [m] of the ship S. In this embodiment, when the drum 3 rotates once, the rope R of 0.85 × 2 × π = 5.34 m is wound, and the wire W of 0.49 × 2 × π = 3.08 m becomes longer. .
Moreover, it can respond to various ships S by changing the diameter and rotation angle of a drum.

  According to the above embodiment, when the supported object such as the ship S is supported using the two mooring lines of the wire W and the rope R, the tension applied to the mooring line is distributed to the wire W and the rope R. The safety factor of mooring lines can be improved. That is, since the tension applied to the wire W having a large spring constant is reduced by the rope R having a small spring constant and the tensions of both the mooring lines are automatically balanced, the excessive tension applied to the mooring lines can be suppressed.

  Further, the drum 3 around which the mooring line is wound has a shape constituted by the small-diameter drum 4 and the large-diameter drum 5, and the size of the drum 3 is changed by changing the diameter of the drum 3 according to the spring constant of the two mooring lines. It is possible to design an optimal support device 1 for various different ships S.

  Further, since the driving force of an electric motor or the like is not used, the support device 1 can be manufactured with a simple and inexpensive configuration.

In addition, in the support apparatus 1 of the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure which installs the drum 3 so that a rotation center axis | shaft may become horizontal, it does not restrict to this. For example, the drum 3 may be installed so that the rotation center axis is along the vertical direction.
The shape of the drum 3 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be a conical shape having a tapered surface.

(Second embodiment)
Hereinafter, a support device 1B according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, differences from the first embodiment described above will be mainly described, and description of similar parts will be omitted.
As shown in FIG. 7, the support device 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment rotates the first drum 18 around which the wire W is wound, the second drum 20 around which the rope R is wound, and the rotation of the first drum 18. A gear box 22 that transmits to the second drum 20 (or transmits rotation of the second drum 20 to the first drum 18) and a support member 23 that supports the first drum 18 and the second drum 20 are provided. .
The first drum 18 is supported by the support member 23 via the first shaft 19. The second drum 20 is supported by the support member 23 via the second shaft 21.

  The first drum 18 and the second drum 20 have substantially the same shape, and the diameter of the drum 3 is substantially the same. The gear box 22 includes a first gear 25 fixed to the first shaft 19, a second gear 26 fixed to the second shaft 21, a third gear 27 meshing with the first gear 25 and the second gear 26, have.

  The number of teeth of the second gear 26 constituting the gear box 22 is smaller than that of the first gear 25. That is, the gear group that is incorporated in the gear box 22 and functions as a transmission unit that transmits the rotation of the first drum 18 and the rotation of the second drum 20 to each other has a rotational speed of the first drum 18. It is comprised so that it may become slower than the rotational speed of. In other words, the gear group is configured such that the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the first drum 18 is smaller than the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the second drum 20.

According to the support device 1B described above, as in the support device 1 of the first embodiment, the tension between the wire W and the rope R is automatically balanced, and the wire W and the rope R functioning as a mooring line can be prevented from breaking. it can.
Further, by changing the configuration of the number of teeth of the gear group, it is possible to design an optimal support device 1B for various ships S having different sizes.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the configurations and combinations of the embodiments in the embodiments are examples, and the addition and omission of configurations are within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention. , Substitutions, and other changes are possible. Further, the present invention is not limited by the embodiments, and is limited only by the scope of the claims.
For example, although the support apparatus 1 of each said embodiment was set as the structure installed in the quay P side, it is good also as a structure installed in the ship S side which is a to-be-supported object.

1, 1B support device 2 support member 3 drum 4 small diameter drum (first shaft)
5 Large diameter drum (second shaft)
6 Connection part (transmission part)
7 Emergency Stop Device 8 Gear Member 9 Ratchet Teeth 10 Engagement Surface 11 Slope 12 Claw Member 13 Engagement Claw 14 Slope 15 Rotating Shaft 16 Ball 18 First Drum 19 First Shaft 20 Second Drum 21 Second Shaft 22 Gearbox (Transmission part)
23 support member 25 first gear 26 second gear 27 third gear P quay R rope S ship (supported object)
W wire Wi winch

Claims (5)

A rotatable first shaft,
A first rope wound around the first shaft so that the tip is fixed to a support and can be extended;
A rotatable second shaft,
A support device provided with a second rope having a tip fixed to a supported object and wound around the second shaft so as to be able to be fed and having a different spring constant per unit length than the first rope.   The rotation of the first shaft and the rotation of the second shaft so that the second cord is drawn out when the first cord is wound up and so that the second cord is taken up when the first cord is drawn out. The support device according to claim 1, further comprising a transmission unit that transmits rotation to each other. The first shaft is formed to have a smaller diameter than the second shaft,
The first cord has a larger spring constant per unit length than the second cord,
The support device according to claim 2, wherein the transmission unit is a connection unit that connects the first shaft and the second shaft so as to be coaxial. The first cord has a larger spring constant per unit length than the second cord,
The transmission unit transmits the rotation of the first shaft and the rotation of the second shaft to each other so that the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft is smaller than the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft. The support device according to claim 2, wherein the support device is a gear group.   An emergency stop device that is provided on the first shaft or the second shaft and stops the rotation of the first shaft or the second shaft when the first shaft or the second shaft rotates at a predetermined speed or higher. The support apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-4 which has.

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