JP2016003736A - 等速自在継手の外側継手部材及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
等速自在継手の外側継手部材及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016003736A JP2016003736A JP2014125502A JP2014125502A JP2016003736A JP 2016003736 A JP2016003736 A JP 2016003736A JP 2014125502 A JP2014125502 A JP 2014125502A JP 2014125502 A JP2014125502 A JP 2014125502A JP 2016003736 A JP2016003736 A JP 2016003736A
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/02—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like
- F16D1/027—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like non-disconnectable, e.g. involving gluing, welding or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/14—Making machine elements fittings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D3/205—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
- F16D3/2055—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part having three pins, i.e. true tripod joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/226—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part
- F16D3/227—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part the joints being telescopic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22326—Attachments to the outer joint member, i.e. attachments to the exterior of the outer joint member or to the shaft of the outer joint member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
なお、固定式等速自在継手としてアンダーカットフリー型等速自在継手を用いる場合もある。
接合用端面50は旋削により仕上げる。ここでは、接合用端面50の内径側に凹部50bを形成し、結果として凹部50bの外径側に環状の接合用端面50が形成されている。符号Dは接合用端面50の内径を表している。凹部50bは鍛造の過程で成形してもよく、あるいは、切削加工により形成してもよい。凹部50bを鍛造の過程で成形することで工数が少なくてすみ、また、接合用端面50が環状となるためその旋削に要する時間が短縮できる。
くぼみ52の深さの上限は、くぼみを鍛造の過程で成形する場合、鍛造で成形できる限界値(目安)×1.5mm程度とする。くぼみ52が深すぎると、鍛造負荷が高まり、金型寿命が低下し、加工コストが増大する。切削加工により形成する場合でも、くぼみ52が深すぎると加工時間が長くなり、材料歩留まりも悪くなる。
一方、軸部材13aは、バー材切断工程S1sと、旋削工程S2sと、スプライン加工工程S3sとからなる製造工程により製造される。
まず、カップ部材12aの製造工程について述べる。
鍛造重量に基づいてバー材(丸棒)を所定長さに切断し、柱状のビレットを製作する。
ビレットに鍛造加工を施すことにより、カップ部材12aの素形材として、筒部と底部と凸部を一体成形する。
上記素形材のトラック溝30及び筒状円筒面42をしごき加工して、カップ部材12aの筒部の内周を仕上げる。
しごき加工後の素形材に、外周面、ブーツ取付溝32、止め輪溝33などと接合用端面50を旋削加工する。旋削工程S4cを経た中間部品としてのカップ部材12aに品番を付与して管理する。
軸部全長に基づいてバー材を所定長さに切断し、柱状のビレットを製作する。その後、軸部材13aの形状に応じて、ビレットをアプセット鍛造により概略形状に鍛造加工する場合もある。
ビレットの外周面(軸受装着面14、止め輪溝15、スプライン下径、端面など)とカップ部材12a側端部の接合用端面51を旋削加工する。
旋削加工後の軸部材にスプラインを転造加工してスプライン軸を形成する。ただし、スプラインの加工は転造加工に限られるものではなく、適宜プレス加工等に置き換えることもできる。スプライン加工を経た中間部品としての軸部材13aに品番を付与して管理する。
カップ部材12aの接合用端面50と軸部材13aの接合用端面51を突き合わせて溶接する。この溶接工程については後に詳しく述べる。
カップ部材12aと軸部材13aの溶接部49を超音波探傷により検査する。この超音波探傷工程についても後に詳しく述べる。
溶接後のカップ部12の少なくともトラック溝30及び内周面42並びに軸部材13の外周の必要範囲に高周波焼入れ焼戻しの熱処理を行う。溶接部49は熱処理を施さない。熱処理により、カップ部12のトラック溝30や内周面42はHRC58〜62程度の硬化層が形成される。また、軸部13の外周の所定範囲にHRC50〜62程度の硬化層が形成される。
熱処理後、軸部材13の軸受装着面14等を研削加工して仕上げる。これにより、外側継手部材11が完成する。
このように、据込みの過程で使用するダイス62(62A〜62C)は、カップ部材12aの開口側に相当する第一領域では内径がビレット60の外径よりも大きく、カップ部材12aの底側に相当する第二領域では内径が徐々に縮小している。そして、第一領域の内径を段階的に大きくした複数のダイス62A〜62Cを順次使用することにより、据込みの過程で、ビレット60の、カップ部材12aの開口側に相当する領域を拡径させ、カップ部材12aの底側に相当する領域を絞り込む。
なお、図25は、図23(b)〜23(d)に関連して述べた絞り込みを行うことなく通常の据え込み、押出し、しごきによって鍛造成形した場合に想定されるワークの形状を、図23と対比して模式的に示したものである。
炭素量0.4〜0.6%のカップ部材12aと、炭素量0.3〜0.55%の軸部材13aを用いて、溶接装置100で、ケース108内の密閉空間111の圧力を6.7Pa以下に設定して溶接した。溶接後の急冷を防止して溶接部の硬さが高くなりすぎないようにするため、カップ部材12a、軸部材13aの接合用端面50、51を含む周辺が300〜650℃になるよう電子ビームによる予熱で均熱化した後、電子ビーム溶接を行った。その結果、予熱時間は接合用端面にくぼみを設けない場合に比べて約1/2以下に短縮でき、必要強度を満足する良好な溶接部を得ることができた。
このように、カップ部材12aの接合用端面50に突出面50aを設けたことにより、反射エコーのエコー高さが低くなり、検査の精度を高めることができる。
突出面50aの寸法は、図12(a)に示すように、突出面50aの半径方向の幅をS〔S=(E−D)/2〕とし、接合用端面51の内径Eからの裏波ビード49aの高さをQとしたとき、S≧Qの関係とする。この関係にあれば、反射エコーの高さを明確に区別することができ、溶接良品、不良品を精度よく判定することができる。このS≧Qの関係を維持すれば、突出面50aの寸法は適宜設定することができる。なお、接合用端面51の内径Eは、くぼみ52(の内径部53)の内径でもある。
図示するように、カップ部材は一つのジョイントサイズで共用化され、たとえば品番C001を付与して管理される。これに対して、軸部材は、車種ごとに種々の軸部仕様を備え、たとえば品番S001、S002、〜S(n)を付与して管理される。そして、たとえば品番C001のカップ部材と品番S001の軸部材を組み合わせて溶接すると、品番A001の外側継手部材を製作することができる。
ここでは、外側継手部材の第一の例と同様の機能を有する箇所には同一の符号を付して要点のみを説明する。
カップ部材12a2は、筒状部12a12と底部12a22からなる一体成形品で、筒状部12a12の内周にはトラック溝130と内周面131が形成されている。底部12a22には短軸部12a32が形成されている。カップ部材12a2の開口側の外周にはブーツ取付溝32が形成されている。
軸部材13aは、カップ部材12a2側の外周に軸受装着面14及び止め輪溝15が形成され、カップ部材12a2とは反対側の端部にスプライン軸Spが形成されている。
たとえば、最大作動角の異なる仕様により一つのジョイントサイズで複数の種類(複数品番)のカップ部材を設定し、これらのカップ部材の上記接合用端面の外径を同一寸法にすることや、上記突出面を同一に設定することも含まれる。
また、これに加えて、たとえば、継手機能や製造現場の実情、生産性等を考慮して、カップ部材を熱処理前の中間部品と熱処理を施した完成部品の複数形態で管理するために、一つのジョイントサイズで複数の種類(複数品番)のカップ部材を設定し、これらのカップ部材の上記接合用端面の外径を同一寸法にすることや、上記突出面を同一に設定することも含まれる。
たとえば、インボード側では、トリポード型等速自在継手とダブルオフセット型等速自在継手の上記接合用端面の外径を同一寸法にすることや、上記突出面を同一に設定することも含まれる。また、アウトボード側では、ツェッパ型等速自在継手とアンダーカットフリー型等速自在継手の上記接合用端面の外径を同一寸法にすることや、上記突出面を同一に設定することも含まれる。さらに、インボード側とアウトボード側の等速自在継手の上記接合用端面の外径を同一寸法にすることや、上記突出面を同一に設定することも可能である。
11、111、112 外側継手部材
12、121、122 カップ部
12a、12a1、12a2 カップ部材
12a1、12a11、12a12 筒状部
12a2、12a21、12a22 底部
12a3、12a31、12a32 短軸部
13 軸部(ロングステム部)
13a、13b 軸部材
14 軸受装着面
16 内側継手部材
17 トリポード部材
19 トルク伝達要素(ローラ)
41 トルク伝達要素(ボール)
49 溶接部
50、501、502 カップ部材の接合用端面
50a 突出面
50b 凹部
50b1 凸部
51 軸部材の接合用端面
52 くぼみ
53 (接合用端面51の)内径部
60 ビレット
62A〜62D ダイス
64A 円弧形状断面
64B テーパ形状断面
64C 円弧とテーパの複合形状断面
66A〜66D パンチ
68 しごきダイス
100 溶接装置
120 超音波探傷装置
S、S1 中心部偏析の想定範囲
Claims (10)
- カップ部材と軸部材を接合して製造した等速自在継手の外側継手部材であって、
前記カップ部材は、一端にて開口した有底筒状で、筒状部と底部と前記底部から突出した短軸部とからなり、前記短軸部は中実軸状で端部に接合用端面を有し、
前記軸部材は中実軸状で一端に接合用端面を有し、
前記カップ部材の前記接合用端面と前記軸部材の前記接合用端面を突き合わせて溶接することにより環状の溶接部を形成し、中心部偏析が溶接部と干渉しないようにした等速自在継手の外側継手部材。 - 請求項1の等速自在継手の外側継手部材を製造するにあたり、前記カップ部材を、柱状のビレットを連続して多段階に据え込む据込みと、前記筒状部と前記短軸部を成形する押出しと、前記筒状部をしごくしごきとからなる鍛造工程により成形し、前記カップ部材の接合用端面と前記軸部材の接合用端面を突き合わせて溶接し、環状の溶接部を形成する、等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 外径側から高エネルギー密度ビームを照射することにより溶接する、請求項2に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記据込みの過程で使用する金型は、前記カップ部材の開口側に相当する第一領域では内径が前記ビレットの外径よりも大きく、前記カップ部材の底側に相当する第二領域では内径が徐々に縮小しており、
第一領域の内径を段階的に大きくした複数の金型を順次使用することにより、前記据込みの過程で、前記ビレットの、前記カップ部材の開口側に相当する領域を拡径させ、前記カップ部材の底側に相当する領域を絞り込む請求項2又は3に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。 - 前記金型の第二領域の縦断面は凹円弧形状である請求項4に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記金型の第二領域の縦断面はテーパ形状である請求項4に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記金型の第二領域の縦断面は凹円弧とテーパの複合形状である請求項4に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記押出しは、前記短軸部を成形する前方押出しと、前記筒状部を成形する後方押出しとを含む請求項2から7のいずれか1項に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 前記据込みの過程で絞り込んだ第二領域に前方押出しを施して前記短軸部を成形するにあたり、軸方向の鍛流線を形成させるようにした請求項4から8のいずれか1項に記載の等速自在継手の外側継手部材の製造方法。
- 請求項2〜9のいずれか1項の製造方法により製造された等速自在継手の外側継手部材。
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