JP2015522696A - 押出ポリスチレンフォーム用の発泡剤、及び押出ポリスチレンフォーム、並びに発泡方法 - Google Patents
押出ポリスチレンフォーム用の発泡剤、及び押出ポリスチレンフォーム、並びに発泡方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015522696A JP2015522696A JP2015523298A JP2015523298A JP2015522696A JP 2015522696 A JP2015522696 A JP 2015522696A JP 2015523298 A JP2015523298 A JP 2015523298A JP 2015523298 A JP2015523298 A JP 2015523298A JP 2015522696 A JP2015522696 A JP 2015522696A
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば熱可塑性材料のような通常の発泡材料を製造するための方法及び組成物は、長い間知られている。これらの方法及び組成物は、通常はポリマーマトリクス内に発泡構造を形成するために化学的及び/又は物理的発泡剤を用いている。かかる発泡剤としては、例えばアゾ化合物、種々の揮発性有機化合物(VOC)、及びクロロフルオロカーボン(CFC)が挙げられていた。化学的発泡剤は、通常は、ポリマーマトリクスを形成する材料と(通常は所定の温度/圧力において)化学反応させて、これによって窒素、二酸化炭素、又は一酸化炭素のような気体を放出させるなどの幾つかの形態の化学的変化にかける。最も頻繁に用いられる化学的発泡剤の1つは水である。物理的発泡剤は、通常はポリマー又はポリマー前駆体材料中に溶解させて、次に(ここでも所定の温度/圧力において)体積膨張させて発泡構造の形成を引き起こす。物理的発泡剤は熱可塑性フォームに関してしばしば用いられるが、化学的発泡剤は熱可塑性フォームに関して物理的発泡剤に代えて、又はこれに加えて用いることができる。例えば、ポリ塩化ビニルベースのフォームの形成に関して化学的発泡剤を用いることが公知である。勿論、それらを含む幾つかの化合物及び組成物によって直ちに化学的及び物理的発泡剤を構成することができる可能性がある。
上述したように、本発明の好ましい態様の一形態は、少なくとも3重量%のトランス−HCFO−1233zdを共発泡剤として作用させることを規定する。
特定の必要性又は使用要件にしたがって含ませることができる他の随意的な更なる成分/化合物としては、界面活性剤、ポリマー変性剤、強化剤、着色剤、染料、溶解度向上剤、レオロジー変性剤、可塑剤、燃焼性抑制剤、抗菌剤、粘度低下変性剤、充填剤、蒸気圧調整剤、成核剤、触媒などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。幾つかの好ましい態様においては、分散剤、気泡安定剤、及び他の添加剤を、本発明の発泡剤組成物中に含ませることもできる。場合によっては、しかしながら好ましくは特定の界面活性剤を加えて気泡安定剤として働かせる。幾つかの代表的な材料は、DC-193、B-8404、及びL-5340の名称で販売されており、これらは概して、米国特許2,834,748、2,917,480、及び2,846,458(これらのそれぞれは参照として本明細書中に包含する)に開示されているもののようなポリシロキサンポリオキシアルキレンブロックコポリマーである。発泡剤混合物のための他の随意的な添加剤としては、トリ(2−クロロエチル)ホスフェート、トリ(2−クロロプロピル)ホスフェート、トリ(2,3−ジブロモプロピル)ホスフェート、トリ(1,3−ジクロロプロピル)ホスフェート、ジアンモニウムホスフェート、種々のハロゲン化芳香族化合物、酸化アンチモン、アルミニウム三水和物、ポリ塩化ビニルなどのような難燃剤を挙げることができる。
フォーム、特にXPSフォームを形成するための全ての現在公知で利用できる方法及びシステムを本発明に関して用いるように容易に適合させることができると考えられる。例えば、本発明方法は、概して、本発明による発泡剤を発泡性又はフォーム形成性組成物中に含ませ、次に、好ましくは本発明による発泡剤の体積膨張を起こさせることを含む工程又は一連の工程によって組成物を発泡させることを必要とする。一般に、発泡剤を含ませるため及び発泡させるために現在用いられているシステム及び装置を、本発明にしたがって用いるように容易に適合させることができると考えられる。実際、本発明の1つの有利性は、既存の発泡方法及びシステム、特に、好ましくはXPSなどの熱可塑性フォームを形成する押出方法に一般に適合させることができ、これに関して有利で予期しなかった結果を生成させる改良された発泡剤が与えられることであると考えられる。
フォーム:
本発明はまた、本発明の組成物を含む発泡剤を含むポリマーフォーム配合物から製造される全てのフォーム(独立気泡フォーム、連続気泡フォーム、硬質フォーム、柔軟フォーム、スキン層付きフォームなどを含むが、これらに限定されない)にも関する。本出願人らは、本フォームの1つの有利性は、好ましくは熱可塑性材料の態様に関して、特に及び好ましくは効率的で経済的な加工条件を維持しながら、k因子又はラムダによって測定することができる非常に優れた熱的性能を達成する能力であることを見出した。
実施例1〜8:トランス−HFO−1234ze及び1233zdからのXPSフォーム:
フォーム加工用にセットアップした50mmのLeistritz異方向回転二軸押出機上でフォーム押出実験を行った。押出機の概要図を図1に与える。これを、20kg/時の見かけ樹脂供給速度で運転した。スクリュー速度は60rpmに設定した。液体クロマトグラフィーポンプを用いて発泡剤を別々に押出機中に注入し、それらの供給速度は所望のブレンド組成を与えるように調節した。発泡剤濃度は、通常は75kg/m3未満、最適には40kg/m3付近の低い密度のフォームが生成するように選択した。重量損失データを絶えず監視して、見かけ及び実験供給速度が予測通りであることを確保した。2及び3mmの直径を有するオリフィスストランドダイ(1mmのダイランド)を用いて、円筒形状を有するフォームを製造した。
発泡剤を下表C1に示すように6重量%のトランス−HFO−1234zeから構成した他は、実施例1〜8の装置及び手順を用いるフォームの形成を繰り返した。
トランス−HCFO−1233zdの量を発泡性組成物の4重量%から2重量%に低下させた他は、実施例1〜8の装置及び手順を用いるフォームの形成を繰り返した。結果は下表C2に報告する通りである。
用いる発泡剤を変更して下表3に示すように2重量%のエタノールを含ませた他は、実施例1〜8の装置及び手順を用いるフォームの形成を繰り返した。結果は示されている通りである。
Claims (4)
- (a)ポリスチレンを含む発泡性樹脂を与え;
(b)かかる樹脂に、(i)発泡性組成物の約3重量%乃至約6重量%以下の量のトランス−HFO−1234ze;及び(ii)発泡性組成物の少なくとも約2重量%乃至約10重量%の量のトランス−HCFO−1233zd;を含む発泡剤を加え、但し発泡剤の合計量は発泡性組成物の約8重量%乃至約15重量%以下であり;そして
(c)添加工程の後にダイを通して発泡性組成物を押出して、約50Kg/m3以下の密度及び約25K−W/m・K以下のk因子を有する低密度ポリスチレンフォームを形成する;
ことを含む、断熱押出低密度ポリスチレンフォームを形成する方法。 - (a)ポリスチレンを含む発泡性樹脂を与え;
(b)かかる樹脂に、(i)発泡性組成物の約3重量%乃至約8重量%未満の量のトランス−HFO−1234ze;及び(ii)発泡性組成物の少なくとも約2重量%の量のトランス−HCFO−1233zd;を含む発泡剤を加え、但し発泡剤の合計量は発泡性組成物の約8重量%乃至約15重量%以下であり;そして
(c)添加工程の後にダイを通して発泡性組成物を押出して低密度ポリスチレンフォームを形成する;
ことを含む、押出低密度ポリスチレンフォームを形成する方法。 - 発泡剤が(i)発泡性組成物の約4重量%乃至約8重量%以下の量のトランス−HFO−1234zeを含み;(ii)トランス−HFO−1233zdが発泡性組成物の約4重量%〜約10重量%の量で存在する;請求項1に記載の方法。
- 発泡剤が(i)発泡性組成物の約4重量%乃至約8重量%以下の量のトランス−HFO−1234zeを含み;(ii)トランス−HFO−1233zdが発泡性組成物の約4重量%〜約10重量%の量で存在する;請求項2に記載の方法。
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