JP2015515723A - Batteries having non-polar alkali metal ion conducting honeycomb structure separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a rechargeable battery. The battery includes a honeycomb separator (20) that defines a plurality of cells separated from each other by cell walls (30) of a substantially non-polar thin non-polar alkaline ion conducting ceramic membrane. The battery includes a plurality of positive electrodes (55), and each positive electrode (55) is disposed in a respective positive electrode cell (65) of the honeycomb separator (20). Each positive electrode cell (65) includes a positive electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical reduction while the battery is discharging and electrochemical oxidation while the battery is charging. The negative electrode (50) is disposed in the negative electrode cell (60) of each honeycomb separator (20). Each negative electrode cell (60) includes a negative electrode electrochemical material such that electrochemical oxidation occurs during discharge of the battery and electrochemical reduction occurs during charge of the battery. The positive electrode (55) and the negative electrode (50) are arranged in a checkered pattern in the cells of the honeycomb separator (20). [Selection] Figure 3

Description

  This application enjoys the priority of US Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 619,170 filed Apr. 2, 2012 (Title of Invention: High Power, Low Total Energy Storage Battery with Honeycomb Separator. In addition to US Ser. No. 12 / 725,319, filed Mar. 16, 2010 (Title of Invention: Sodium-Sulfur having a substantially non-polar membrane and a cathode with enhanced utilization efficiency). No. 12 / 725,319, US provisional patent application No. 61 / 160,621 filed Mar. 16, 2009 (Title of Invention: substantially non-polar) US Patent No. 12 / 725,319 is a US provisional patent application filed on September 5, 2007. US patent application Ser. No. 12 / 205,759, filed Sep. 5, 2008, which enjoys the priority of application 60 / 970,178 (Title: High Rate Lithium-Sulfur Battery with Non-Polar Ceramic Separator). (Title of Invention: Lithium-sulfur battery with substantially non-polar membrane and cathode with increased utilization efficiency).

  The present invention relates to a battery. Specifically, the present invention provides a battery having a nonpolar alkali metal ion conductive honeycomb structure separator.

  Batteries are known as devices used to store and release electrical energy for various uses. Our society relies on batteries to power many devices such as computers, cell phones, portable music players, lighting fixtures, and other electronic components. In order to generate electrical energy, batteries typically convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Usually, a single cell includes one or more galvanic cells, and each battery (cell) consists of two half-cells that are electrically isolated other than through an external circuit. During discharge, electrochemical reduction occurs at the positive electrode of the battery, while electrochemical oxidation occurs at the negative electrode of the battery. The positive and negative electrodes of a battery are not physically in contact with each other, but generally they are chemically connected by one or more ionic conductive and electrically insulating electrolytes in solid or liquid form or a combination thereof. . When an external circuit or load is connected to a terminal connected to the negative electrode and connected to a terminal connected to the positive electrode, the battery moves electrons through the external circuit and ions move through the electrolyte.

  Batteries can be classified into various types. For example, there are batteries that can be fully discharged only once as primary batteries or primary cells. On the other hand, there are batteries that can be discharged and charged once or more as secondary batteries or secondary cells. The possibility that a cell or battery can be charged and discharged multiple times depends on the Faraday effect of each charge and discharge cycle.

  Batteries comprising honeycomb structure separators are known. For example, Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 by Berkey et al. Disclose cells in which separator walls are porous and arranged in a honeycomb pattern. U.S. Pat. No. 6,053,836 to Lyman discloses a separator wall that is wetted with an electrolyte solution. US Pat. No. 6,053,097 to Stempin et al. Discloses a honeycomb structure having thin and porous ceramic walls. Patent Document 5 by Kummer discloses a honeycomb separator made of a material having a porosity in a range in which electrolyte ions can permeate.

  Honeycomb separators offer many advantages. One advantage is that a sturdy structure can be provided from a thin member. Another advantage is an efficient structure with a large separator surface area that can be assembled at low cost. Furthermore, this structure can provide a high ratio of separator area to electrode volume.

  Although the above prior art recognizes honeycomb separator structures, in each case, a porous wall structure is required for ions to conduct through the non-ceramic electrolyte contained in the pores.

  There is a need for further improvements in battery technology. It would be an improvement in this field to provide a battery having a non-polar alkali metal ion conductive honeycomb structured separator.

US Pat. No. 6,010,543 US Pat. No. 5,916,706 US Pat. No. 5,567,544 US Pat. No. 5,554,464 US Pat. No. 4,160,068

  An object of the present invention is to provide a battery having a non-polar alkali metal ion conductive honeycomb structure separator.

  The present invention provides a rechargeable battery. The battery comprises a honeycomb separator that defines a plurality of cells divided by neighboring cells by thin, non-polar cell walls of the honeycomb separator. The cells extend in parallel and in the longitudinal direction. The cell walls of the honeycomb separator are made of a substantially nonpolar alkali ion conducting ceramic membrane material. The substantially non-polar alkaline ion conducting ceramic membrane material comprises a NASICON (Na Super Ion Conducting) type membrane material. This substantially non-polar alkaline ion conducting ceramic membrane material is also composed of a LISICON (Li Super Ion Conducting) type material. Other examples of the solid alkali ion conductive electrolyte membrane include β alumina and sodium conductive glass. The honeycomb separator may be an extruded ceramic material.

  The battery has a plurality of positive electrodes, and each positive electrode is disposed in each positive electrode cell of the honeycomb separator. The positive electrode is electrically coupled within the positive grid. Each positive electrode cell contains a positive electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical reduction when the battery is discharged and electrochemical oxidation occurs when the battery is charged.

  The battery further has a plurality of negative electrodes, and each negative electrode is disposed in each negative electrode cell of the honeycomb separator. The negative electrode is electrically coupled with a negative grid. Each negative electrode cell includes a negative electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical oxidation during battery discharge and electrochemical reduction during battery charge.

  The positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged in the cells of the honeycomb separator such that the cell having the positive electrode is adjacent to the cell having the negative electrode and has a checkered pattern (checkerboard pattern, checkered pattern).

  In operation, the negative electrode electrochemical material consists of an alkali metal. Examples of alkali metals include, but are not limited to, sodium, lithium, and alloys thereof. In certain embodiments, the negative electrode electrochemical material comprises a molten alkali metal.

  In operation, the negative electrode electrochemical material may consist of an alkali metal insertion material. In certain embodiments, the insertion material in the negative electrode may be, but is not limited to, an alkali metal insertion carbon (carbon includes graphite, mesoporous carbon, boron doped diamond, carbon and / or graphene). ).

In operation, the positive electrode electrochemical material consists of elemental sulfur and elemental sulfur and at least one solvent capable of at least partially dissolving M ₂ S _x (M is an alkali metal). In certain embodiments, the solvent includes a nonpolar solvent that dissolves elemental sulfur and a polar solvent that dissolves M ₂ S _x . In certain embodiments, the solvent comprises at least one polar solvent that at least partially dissolves elemental sulfur and M ₂ S _x .

In another embodiment, the positive electrode electrochemical material consists of an alkali metal halide and the corresponding halogen. Although not limited thereto, examples of the alkali metal chloride and halogen include alkali metal iodides such as NaI and LiI, alkali metal bromides such as iodine (I ₂ ), NaBr and LiBr, bromine (Br ₂ ), and the like.

  These aspects and technical advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims. It may also be learned by practice of the invention described below.

  In order to obtain and readily understand the above and other aspects and advantages of the present invention, a more detailed description than the foregoing brief description of the invention will be given by way of reference to specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. The drawings are not to scale and merely show some representative examples of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the gist of the present invention. Should be understood and described in detail.

  According to the present invention, a battery having a nonpolar alkali metal ion conductive honeycomb structure separator can be provided.

FIG. 1 shows an extruded honeycomb structure separator. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a honeycomb structured separator attached to an electrically insulating planar substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the honeycomb structure separator shown in FIG. 2, in which current collectors are connected to alternating negative and positive electrodes. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a honeycomb structured separator, showing negative electrodes and positive electrodes alternately positioned in adjacent cells forming a checkered pattern. FIG. 5A is a plan view of the honeycomb structure separator shown in FIG. 4, and the arrows in the figure indicate the flow of cations that permeate the cell walls when the battery is in a discharged state. FIG. 5B is a plan view of the honeycomb structure separator shown in FIG. 4, and the arrows in the figure indicate the flow of cations that permeate the cell walls when the battery is charged.

  An “embodiment”, “an embodiment” or similar word referred to throughout the present invention is intended to describe at least one embodiment of the present invention in the specific gist, configuration, or nature described in connection with the embodiment. It means that it is included. Thus, where there are “in one embodiment”, “in one embodiment” or similar terms referred to throughout this invention, they are not limited to this, but refer to all the same embodiments. Furthermore, the following description refers to various embodiments and examples of the various components and gist of the described invention, but all described embodiments and examples are contemplated, all These are examples and are not limited in any way.

  Furthermore, the described subject matter, structure, or nature of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific examples such as alkali metal negative electrode, positive electrode material, liquid positive electrode solution, nonpolar alkali metal ion conductive membrane are provided through an understanding of embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced without one or more specific details or with other methods, components, materials, and the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations have not been shown or described to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the invention.

  As mentioned above, secondary batteries can be discharged and recharged, and this specification describes cell arrangements and methods for both states. The term “recharge” in various forms implies a second charge, but for those skilled in the art, the recharge description should be valid and adaptable to the first or initial charge and vice versa. Will understand. Therefore, for the purposes of this specification, the terms “recharge”, “recharged” and “rechargeable” are replaced with the terms “charge”, “charged” and “chargeable”, respectively. It is possible.

  The present invention provides a rechargeable battery utilizing a nonpolar membrane wall in a honeycomb structured separator. Examples of non-polar membrane walls include (but are not limited to) alkaline ion conductive ceramic materials such as NASICON type materials, LiSICON type materials and garnet structure materials having ion conductivity. The above-mentioned Berkey (patent documents 1 and 2), Lyman (patent document 3), Stempin (patent document 4) and Kummer (patent document 5) do not suggest any nonpolar film. These prior art systems disclose porous honeycomb separators in the case of alkaline chemicals where it is desirable to overcharge due to the formation of gas and gas passages from one of the membranes to the other and recombine. I need. Otherwise, the gas generated by this reaction will rupture or destroy the cell. In addition, many rechargeables are included, including systems where dendrite formation during recharging penetrates through the pores of the membrane and undesired exudation of components through the cell short circuit or porous separator leads to irreversible capacity loss of the cell. In battery systems, porous membranes are not preferred.

  Providing non-polar honeycomb separator membranes for use with certain rechargeable battery components is a significant advance in this field. For example, if the constituent material of a two-electrode system is incompatible, such as a substance in which one electrode is a molten alkali metal and the other electrode reacts with a metal such as an aqueous electrolyte, the use of a porous membrane One electrode material is decomposed.

  In the present invention, the advantage of using a nonpolar membrane separator and the advantage of making the shape of the separator into a honeycomb structure are captured. That is, (1) labor and operation on parts per membrane area can be reduced, and the honeycomb structure can lower the unit price of the battery as compared with the individual battery. (2) The total honeycomb structure is strong, can handle thin films with stress, and cannot be done with individual tubes.

  Formation of a rechargeable battery having a honeycomb structure separator is effective for a method of manufacturing a rechargeable battery having a high energy density at a sufficiently low cost.

  Although FIG. 1 is not limited to this, an example of the honeycomb structure separator 20 is shown. The honeycomb separator 20 defines a plurality of cells 25 separated by the thin non-polar cell walls 30 of the honeycomb separator 20. The cells extend in the longitudinal direction 35 in parallel. The cell wall 30 of the honeycomb separator 20 is made of a substantially nonpolar alkali ion conductive ceramic membrane material. The honeycomb separator is formed by a known extrusion method.

  The honeycomb separator 20 is made of a material that is substantially non-polar and alkali metal ion conductive. The honeycomb member is resistant to collision by the members forming the battery. In practice, in certain embodiments (but not limited to), the honeycomb member comprises a NASICON type membrane (eg, NaSELECT® membrane, Ceramatec, Inc. (Salt Lake City, Utah)). In another embodiment, the honeycomb member is made of a LiSICON type material (eg, LiSICON type material, manufactured by Ceramatec, Inc.). The honeycomb separator is substantially impermeable to water and other electrolyte materials used in batteries and selectively transports alkali ions. The honeycomb separator structure is formed by a known ceramic extrusion method.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the honeycomb structure separator 20 is attached to an electrically insulating flat substrate 40 to facilitate the construction of a multi-cell battery, and cell constituent members and electrodes are inserted from above. A suitable material for the substrate is non-polar alumina that can be adhered to the extruded membrane member using glass or epoxy adhesive.

The current collector is effectively attached to the alternating negative electrode 50 and positive electrode 55 shown in FIG. The negative electrode 50 is disposed in the negative electrode cell 60. The positive electrode 55 is disposed in the positive electrode cell 65. The negative electrode cell 60 is preferably arranged next to the negative electrode cell 65 in the checkered pattern shown in FIG. Each cell having the negative electrode 50 may be electrically connected in the negative electrode grid 70. Each cell having the positive electrode 55 may be electrically connected in the positive electrode grid 75. FIG. 5A is a plan view of the honeycomb structure separator shown in FIG. 4, and an arrow 80 indicates the flow of an alkali metal cation such as Na ⁺ or Li ⁺ that permeates the cell wall when the battery is discharged. The cation passes from the negative electrode cell 60 through the cell wall 30 and flows into the positive electrode cell 65. FIG. 5B is a plan view of the honeycomb structure separator shown in FIG. 4, and an arrow 85 indicates the flow of alkali metal cations that permeate the cell walls when the battery is charged. The cation flows from the positive electrode 65 through the cell wall 30 and flows into the negative electrode cell 60.

  The battery may have a seal for closing the open ends of the negative electrode cell 60 and the positive electrode cell 65, thereby sealing the liquid. The battery may further have a vent (not shown) for releasing the gas generated therein. In certain embodiments, the battery may have an electrically insulating material for insulating the negative electrode from the positive electrode.

  The positive electrode cell includes a positive electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical reduction during battery discharge and electrochemical oxidation during battery charge. The negative electrode cell includes a negative electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical oxidation during battery discharge and undergoes electrochemical reduction during battery charge. The housing accommodates the honeycomb separator, the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the seal, the gas vent, the electrically insulating material, the positive electrode and the negative electrode electrochemical material in an assembled state.

  With respect to the negative electrode 50, the negative electrode cell 60 comprises one suitable alkali metal negative electrode 50 and / or associated current collector that allows the battery to function as desired (eg, discharged or recharged). In one embodiment (but not limited to), the negative electrode is comprised of a negative electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical oxidation during battery discharge and electrochemical reduction during battery charge. In certain embodiments (but not limited to), suitable negative electrode materials comprise, for example, sodium alloy or lithium alloy consisting of substantially pure sodium or other suitable negative electrode material containing lithium, sodium or lithium. . In some embodiments, the negative electrode consists of either a substantially pure predetermined amount of sodium or a substantially pure predetermined amount of lithium.

  In one embodiment, the negative electrode 50 is such that the alkali metal in the negative electrode can be oxidized to form alkali metal ions while the battery is being discharged, and the insertion material can be inserted by reducing the alkali metal ions while the battery is being recharged. It consists of an alkali metal insertion material (intercalation). In some embodiments, the insert material is also composed of a material that does not increase resistance to the alkali metal conductive membrane material. That is, in some embodiments, the intercalation material is readily permeable to alkali metal ions and does not affect the rate at which alkali metal ions permeate from the negative electrode cell to the positive electrode cell (and vice versa). In certain embodiments, the intercalation material in the negative electrode is carbon with an alkali metal intercalation (eg, graphite, mesoporous carbon, boron doped diamond, carbon and / or graphene).

  In order to operate the battery at a low temperature, the negative electrode cell 60 may contain a non-aqueous negative electrode electrolyte solution (or a second electrolyte). Non-aqueous negative electrode electrolyte solution is suitable electrolyte that can transport alkali metal ions, is chemically compatible with negative electrode and alkali metal ion conductive membrane materials, and can function the battery as intended Consists of. Although not limited thereto, examples of a suitable negative electrode electrolyte solution include an organic electrolyte and an ionic liquid. However, certain ionic liquids have higher ionic conductivity than sodium ion conducting membranes and / or because certain ionic liquids function as surfactants, dendrite formation on the negative electrode is not possible. It is theorized that delaying is better than some organic electrolytes. Thus, in some embodiments (but not limited to), the negative electrolyte solution comprises an ionic liquid.

With respect to the positive electrode 55, the positive electrode cell 65 comprises a suitable positive electrode 55 and / or associated current collector that allows the battery to be discharged or recharged as desired. For example, the positive electrode is made of an actual positive electrode material that is suitably used in sodium or lithium-based rechargeable battery systems. In certain embodiments, the positive electrode has one or more wires (wires), strands of wire (stranded wires), felt pieces, plates, tubes, meshes, foam pieces and / or one or more suitable positive electrode configurations. Further, although the positive electrode is comprised of a suitable material capable of performing an oxidation-reduction reaction during battery discharge-charging, in certain embodiments (but not limited to), the positive electrode is elemental sulfur (typically in solid form). S consisting of ₈ molecules). The positive electrode cell is at least partially soluble in elemental sulfur and M ₂ S _x (alkali metal monosulfide (sulfide) and / or polysulfide (sulfide), M is an alkali metal such as sodium or lithium). Contains one solvent.

In other embodiments, the positive electrode 55 comprises nickel foam (foam), nickel hydroxide (Ni (OH) ₂ ), nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH), sulfur mixture, sulfur halide (SCl ₂ ), carbon, copper , Copper iodide, platinum and / or other suitable materials. Furthermore, these materials may be present in combination or coexist. Indeed, in certain embodiments, the positive electrode comprises copper, platinum or copper iodide.

  The positive electrode cell 65 includes a liquid positive electrode solution that is compatible with a positive electrode material such as a liquid electrolytic solution. When the positive electrode solution is composed of an alkali metal compound, the compound assists the dissolution of the metal complex (described below) and prevents the alkali metal ion conductive electrolyte membrane from being deteriorated by dissolution (limited to these functions). But not). When an alkali metal complex consists of a suitable chemical component, in certain embodiments it consists of an alkali ion, one or more halide ions and / or pseudohalide ions.

In certain embodiments, the one or more solvents are selected from solvents that at least partially dissolve elemental sulfur and / or M ₂ S _x . The solvent also ideally has a relatively high boiling point. Since M ₂ S _x is polar, in some embodiments the polar solvent is selected from solvents that at least partially dissolve M ₂ S _x . Similarly, since elemental sulfur is nonpolar, the nonpolar solvent is selected from solvents that at least partially dissolve elemental sulfur. Nevertheless, in general, the solvent comprises a single solvent or a mixed solvent and is effective to at least partially dissolve elemental sulfur and / or M ₂ S _x .

Tetraglyme (TG) is an effective polar solvent for dissolving M ₂ S _x and further dissolves a significant portion of sulfur. Therefore, tetraglyme itself or only in combination with other polar solvents may be used as the solvent in the positive electrode cell. The nature of this tetraglyme (and other polar solvents that can be used) is unthinkable in the prior art. Furthermore, tetraglyme is a liquid at a wide temperature range of 30 ° C. to 275 ° C. at 1 atmosphere. The solubility properties of tetraglyme are particularly advantageous when used on a substantially non-polar membrane wall of a honeycomb separator. Another solvent used in the positive electrode cell is tetrahydrofuran (THF) and / or dimethylaniline (DMA). DMA is non-polar, has been found to be particularly effective in dissolving elemental sulfur, and has a relatively high boiling point.

  While particular embodiments and examples of the invention have been illustrated and described, many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is limited only by the scope of the appended claims. It is.

Claims (20)

  A rechargeable battery comprising a honeycomb separator, a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes; the honeycomb separator defines a plurality of cells by separating adjacent cells by a thin non-polar cell wall of the honeycomb separator; The separator cell walls consist of a substantially non-polar alkaline ion conducting ceramic membrane material; each positive electrode is respectively disposed within a positive electrode cell of a honeycomb separator and is electrically paired in a positive electrode grid; Each positive electrode cell includes a positive electrode electrochemical material in which the battery is electrochemically reduced during discharge and the battery is electrochemically oxidized during charge; each negative electrode is a respective negative electrode cell of the honeycomb separator Each of which is electrically connected to each other in the negative grid, and each negative cell has a battery. Contains a negative electrode electrochemical material that is electrochemically oxidized and the battery is electrochemically reduced during charging; the positive electrode and the negative electrode are honeycomb separators so that the positive electrode cell is adjacent to the negative electrode cell in a checkered pattern A rechargeable battery, characterized in that it is placed in a cell.   The rechargeable battery according to claim 1, wherein the substantially non-polar alkali ion conductive ceramic membrane is a NASICON type membrane.   The rechargeable battery according to claim 1, wherein the substantially nonpolar alkali ion conductive ceramic membrane is a LISICON membrane.   The rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the honeycomb separator is an extruded ceramic material.   The rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode electrochemical material comprises an alkali metal.   The rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode electrochemical material comprises a molten alkali metal.   The rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode electrochemical material comprises an alkali metal insertion material.   The rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal insertion material comprises an alkali metal inserted into carbon. The rechargeable battery of claim 1 wherein the positive electrode electrochemical material comprises elemental sulfur and at least one solvent that at least partially dissolves elemental sulfur and M ₂ S _{x, where} M is an alkali metal. . The rechargeable battery of claim 9, wherein the at least one solvent comprises a nonpolar solvent that dissolves elemental sulfur and a polar solvent that dissolves M ₂ S _x . The rechargeable battery of claim 9, wherein the at least one solvent comprises at least one polar solvent that at least partially dissolves elemental sulfur and M ₂ S _x .   The rechargeable battery of claim 1 wherein the positive electrode electrochemical material comprises an alkali metal halide and the corresponding halogen. The rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode electrochemical material comprises alkali metal iodide and iodine (I ₂ ). The rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode electrochemical material comprises an alkali metal bromide and bromine (Br ₂ ).   A rechargeable battery comprising a honeycomb separator, a plurality of positive electrodes, and a plurality of negative electrodes; the honeycomb separator is an extruded ceramic that defines a plurality of cells separated by adjacent thin and non-polar cell walls; Each cell extends in parallel in the longitudinal direction, and the cell wall of the honeycomb separator is made of a substantially non-polar sodium ion conductive NASICON membrane material; each positive electrode is disposed in a positive electrode cell of the honeycomb separator, respectively. , Each positive cell is a positive electrode electrochemical material that is electrochemically reduced during discharge of the battery and electrochemically oxidized during charge of the battery. Each negative electrode is disposed in each negative electrode cell of the honeycomb separator and electrically within the negative grid Each negative cell includes a negative electrode electrochemical material that is electrochemically oxidized during discharge of the battery and electrochemically reduced during charge of the battery; the positive electrode cell is adjacent to the negative electrode cell A rechargeable battery, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged in a honeycomb separator cell so as to form a checkered pattern. The rechargeable battery of claim 15, wherein the positive electrode electrochemical material comprises elemental sulfur and at least one solvent that at least partially dissolves elemental sulfur and Na ₂ S _x .   The rechargeable battery of claim 15, wherein the positive electrode electrochemical material comprises sodium halide and the corresponding halogen.   A rechargeable battery comprising a honeycomb separator, a plurality of positive electrodes, and a plurality of negative electrodes; the honeycomb separator is an extruded ceramic that defines a plurality of cells separated by adjacent thin and non-polar cell walls; Each cell extends in parallel in the longitudinal direction, and the cell wall of the honeycomb separator is made of a substantially non-polar sodium ion conducting LISICON-type membrane material; each positive electrode is disposed in a positive electrode cell of the honeycomb separator, respectively. , Each positive cell is a positive electrode electrochemical material that is electrochemically reduced during discharge of the battery and electrochemically oxidized during charge of the battery. Each negative electrode is disposed in each negative electrode cell of the honeycomb separator and electrically within the negative grid Each negative cell includes a negative electrode electrochemical material that is electrochemically oxidized during discharge of the battery and electrochemically reduced during charge of the battery; the positive electrode cell is adjacent to the negative electrode cell A rechargeable battery, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged in a honeycomb separator cell so as to form a checkered pattern. The rechargeable battery of claim 18, wherein the positive electrode electrochemical material comprises elemental sulfur and at least one solvent that at least partially dissolves elemental sulfur and Li ₂ S _x .   The rechargeable battery of claim 18, wherein the positive electrode electrochemical material comprises lithium halide and the corresponding halogen.

Images