EP2834866A1 - Battery with non-porous alkali metal ion conductive honeycomb structure separator - Google Patents
Battery with non-porous alkali metal ion conductive honeycomb structure separatorInfo
- Publication number
- EP2834866A1 EP2834866A1 EP13773140.2A EP13773140A EP2834866A1 EP 2834866 A1 EP2834866 A1 EP 2834866A1 EP 13773140 A EP13773140 A EP 13773140A EP 2834866 A1 EP2834866 A1 EP 2834866A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- cells
- negative electrode
- electrochemical
- rechargeable battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates in general to batteries. More particularly, the present invention provides a battery having a non-porous alkali metal ion conductive honeycomb structure separator.
- Batteries are known devices that are used to store and release electrical energy for a variety of uses. Our society has come to rely on batteries to power a myriad of devices, including computers, cell phones, portable music players, lighting devices, as well as many other electronic components. In order to produce electrical energy, batteries typically convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Generally, a single battery includes one or more galvanic cells, wherein each of the cells is made of two half-cells that are electrically isolated except through an external circuit. During discharge, electrochemical reduction occurs at the cell's positive electrode, while electrochemical oxidation occurs at the cell's negative electrode.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the cell do not physically touch each other, they are generally chemically connected by at least one (or more) ionically conductive and electrically insulative electrolyte(s), which can either be in a solid or a liquid state, or in combination.
- an external circuit, or a load is connected to a terminal that is connected to the negative electrode and to a terminal that is connected to the positive electrode, the battery drives electrons through the external circuit, while ions migrate through the electrolyte.
- Batteries can be classified in a variety of manners. For example, batteries that are completely discharged only once are often referred to as primary batteries or primary cells. In contrast, batteries that can be discharged and recharged more than once are often referred to as secondary batteries or secondary cells. The ability of a cell or battery to be charged and discharged multiple times depends on the Faradaic efficiency of each charge and discharge cycle.
- Batteries comprised of honeycomb structure separators are known in the art.
- Berkey, et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,010,543 and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,916,706 disclose cells arranged in a honeycomb pattern where the separator walls are porous.
- Lyman in US Patent 5,567,544 discloses separator walls that wet with an electrolyte solution.
- Stempin, et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,464 discloses a honeycomb structure with thin, porous, ceramic walls.
- Kummer in U.S. Patent No. 4,160,068 disclose a honeycomb separator being formed of a material having a porosity in the range which permits ions of electrolyte to flow there through.
- the honeycomb structure separator offers many advantages.
- One advantage is providing a strong structure from thin membranes.
- Another advantage is providing an efficient structure with a large separator surface area which can be fabricated at low cost.
- the structure can provide a high ratio of separator area to electrode volume.
- the present invention provides a rechargeable battery.
- the battery includes a honeycomb separator which defines therein a plurality of cells separated from adjacent cells by thin, non-porous cell walls of the honeycomb separator. The cells extend in parallel, longitudinal directions.
- the cell walls of the honeycomb separator comprise a substantially non-porous, alkali ion conductive ceramic membrane material.
- the substantially non-porous, alkali ion conductive ceramic membrane material may comprise a NASICON (Na Super Ion CONducting) type membrane material.
- the substantially non-porous, alkali ion conductive ceramic membrane material may comprise a LISICON (Li Super Ion CONducting) type membrane material.
- Other examples of solid alkali ion conductive electrolyte membranes include beta alumina, sodium-conductive glasses, etc.
- the honeycomb separator may be an extruded, ceramic material.
- the battery includes a plurality of positive electrodes, each positive electrode being disposed in a respective positive electrode cell of the honeycomb separator.
- the positive electrodes may be electrically coupled in a positive electrode grid.
- Each positive electrode cell contains a positive electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical reduction during battery discharge and electrochemical oxidation during battery charge.
- the battery further includes a plurality of negative electrodes, each negative electrode being disposed in a respective negative electrode cell of the honeycomb separator.
- the negative electrodes may be electrically coupled in a negative electrode grid.
- Each negative electrode cell contains a negative electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical oxidation during battery discharge and electrochemical reduction during battery charge.
- the positive and negative electrodes are disposed in the cells of the honeycomb separator such that cells with positive electrodes are adjacent cells with negative electrodes in a checkerboard pattern.
- the negative electrode electrochemical material may comprise an alkali metal.
- alkali metals include sodium and lithium, and alloys thereof.
- the negative electrode electrochemical material may comprise a molten alkali metal.
- the negative electrode electrochemical material may comprise an alkali metal intercalation material.
- the intercalation material in the negative electrode comprises alkali metal intercalated with carbon (e.g., graphite, mesoporous carbon, boron-doped diamond, carbon, and/or graphene).
- the positive electrode electrochemical material may comprise elemental sulfur and at least one solvent selected to at least partially dissolve the elemental sulfur and M 2 S X , wherein M is an alkali metal.
- the solvent includes an apolar solvent to dissolve the elemental sulfur and a polar solvent to dissolve the M 2 S X .
- the solvent consists of at least one polar solvent to at least partially dissolve the elemental sulfur and the M 2 S X .
- the positive electrode electrochemical material may comprise an alkali metal halide and corresponding halogen.
- alkali metal iodide such as Nal and Lil, and iodine (I 2 )
- I 2 iodine
- alkali metal bromide such as NaBr and Ibr, and bromine (Br 2 ).
- Figure 1 depicts an extruded honeycomb structure separator.
- Figure 2 depicts a cross-sectional representation of a honeycomb structure separator affixed to an electronically insulative planar base material.
- Figure 3 depicts a cross-sectional representation of a honeycomb structure separator as shown in Figure 2 in which current collectors are attached to alternating negative electrodes and positive electrodes.
- Figure 4 depicts a top view of a honeycomb structure separator showing alternating negative electrodes and positive electrodes in adjacent cells forming a checkerboard pattern.
- Figure 5A depicts a top view of a honeycomb structure separator as shown in Figure 4 with arrows indicating the flow of cations across the cell walls during battery discharge.
- Figure 5B depicts a top view of a honeycomb structure separator as shown in Figure 4 with arrows indicating the flow of cations across the cell walls during battery charge.
- Non-limiting examples of the non- porous membrane walls include an alkali ion conductive ceramic material such as NASICON-type material, LISICON-type material, and materials of the garnet structure which are ionically conductive.
- Berkey, Lyman, Stempin and Kummer noted above all teach away from non-porous membranes.
- the disclosed prior art systems require a porous honeycomb separator in the case of alkaline chemistries where over charging may lead to gas formation and passage of gas from one side of the membrane to the other to allow recombination is desirable. Otherwise, gases evolved from this reaction could result in an explosion or destruction of the cell.
- porous membranes are not suitable for many rechargeable battery systems, including systems where dendrite formation during recharge may penetrate through the membrane pores, shorting the cell or the undesirable migration of constituents through a porous separator will result in irreversible loss of cell capacity.
- non-porous honeycomb separator membranes so that certain rechargeable battery chemistries may be used.
- the chemistries of the two electrode types are incompatible such as in the case where one of the electrodes is a molten alkali metal, and the opposite electrode is a material that will react with the metal, such as an aqueous electrolyte, then the porous membrane could result in decomposition of one of the electrode materials.
- the presently disclosed invention captures the advantages of using non-porous membrane separators and advantages of configuring the separators into a honeycomb structure: (1) The unit cost per cell can be much lower with the honeycomb compared to the individual cell because there is less labor and handling of pieces per membrane area; and (2) The overall honeycomb structure is strong and can handle stresses with thin membranes that individual tubes would not.
- Fabricating rechargeable batteries with a honeycomb structure separator is an effective way to produce a rechargeable battery having a high energy density at sufficiently low cost.
- Fig. 1 is a non-limiting example of a honeycomb structure separator 20.
- the honeycomb separator 20 defines a plurality of cells 25 separated from adjacent cells by thin, non-porous cell walls 30 of the honeycomb separator 20. The cells extend in parallel, longitudinal directions 35.
- the cell walls 30 of the honeycomb separator 20 comprise a substantially non-porous, alkali ion conductive ceramic membrane material.
- the honeycomb separator may be fabricated using known extrusion processes.
- the honeycomb separator 20 is formed of a material that is substantially non- porous yet alkali-metal ion conductive.
- the honeycomb material is resistant to attack by the materials forming the battery.
- the honeycomb material comprises a NaSICON-type membrane (e.g., a NaSELECT® membrane, produced by Ceramatec, Inc., in Salt Lake City, Utah).
- the honeycomb material is a LiSICON-type material, such as LiSICON-type materials produced by Ceramatec, Inc.
- the honeycomb separator may be selective to the transport of alkali ions while being substantially impermeable to water and other electrolyte materials used in the battery.
- the honeycomb separator structure may be fabricated using known ceramic extrusion processes.
- the honeycomb structure separator 20 may be attached to an electronically insulative planar base material 40 to facilitate the construction of a multi-cell battery where the cell constituents and electrodes enter from the top.
- a suitable material for the base is non-porous alumina which may be attached to the extruded membrane material using glass or epoxy bonding.
- FIG. 5 A depicts a top view of a honeycomb structure separator as shown in Fig. 4 with arrows 80 indicating the flow of alkali metal cations, such as Na + or Li + , across the cell walls during battery discharge.
- Fig 5B depicts a top view of a honeycomb structure separator as shown in Figure 4 with arrows 85 indicating the flow of alkali metal cations across the cell walls during battery charge.
- the cations flow from positive electrode cells 65 across cell walls 30 into negative electrode cells 60.
- the battery may include seals for sealing off the open ends of negative electrode cells 60 and the positive electrode cells 65 to make them fluid tight.
- the battery may also include vents (not shown) to permit the escape of generated gases therefrom.
- the battery includes electrically insulative material to electrically insulate the negative electrodes from the positive electrodes.
- the positive electrode cells contain a positive electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical reduction during battery discharge and electrochemical oxidation during battery charge.
- the negative electrode cells contain a negative electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical oxidation during battery discharge and electrochemical reduction during battery charge.
- a housing may hold the honeycomb separator, the negative electrodes, the positive electrodes, the seals, the gas vents, the electrically insulative material, the positive and negative electrochemical materials in an assembled condition.
- the negative electrode cells 60 can comprise any suitable alkali metal negative electrode 50 and/or associated current collector that allows the battery to function (e.g., be discharged and recharged) as intended.
- the negative electrode may comprise the negative electrode electrochemical material that undergoes electrochemical oxidation during battery discharge and electrochemical reduction during battery charge.
- suitable negative electrode materials include, but are not limited to, sodium or lithium that is substantially pure and a sodium or lithium alloy comprising any other suitable sodium or lithium-containing negative electrode material. In certain embodiments, however, the negative electrode comprises or consists of either an amount of sodium or an amount of lithium that is substantially pure.
- the negative electrode 50 comprises an alkali metal intercalation material that allows alkali metal in the negative electrode to be oxidized to form alkali metal ions as the battery is discharged, and that also allows alkali metal ions to be reduced and to intercalate with the intercalation material as the cell is recharged.
- the intercalation material also comprises a material that causes little to no increase in the resistance of the alkali metal conductive membrane material. In other words, in some embodiments, the intercalation material readily transports alkali metal ions therethrough and has little to no adverse effect on the rate at which alkali metal ions pass from the negative electrode cell to the positive electrode cell (and vice versa).
- the intercalation material in the negative electrode comprises alkali metal intercalated with carbon (e.g., graphite, mesoporous carbon, boron-doped diamond, carbon, and/or graphene).
- the negative electrode cell 60 may contain a non-aqueous negative electrolyte solution (or secondary electrolyte).
- the non-aqueous negative electrolyte solution may comprise any suitable electrolyte that is capable of transporting alkali metal ions, that is chemically compatible with the materials of the negative electrode and the alkali metal ion conductive membrane, and that otherwise allows the cell to function as intended.
- suitable negative electrolyte solutions comprise organic electrolytes and ionic liquids.
- the negative electrolyte solution comprises an ionic liquid.
- the positive electrode cell 65 can comprise any suitable positive electrode 55 and/or associated current collector that allows the battery to be charged and discharged as intended.
- the positive electrode can comprise virtually any positive electrode material that has been successfully used in a sodium or lithium-based rechargeable battery system.
- the positive electrode comprises one or more wires, strands of wires, pieces of felt, plates, tubes, meshes, pieces of foam, and/or one or more other suitable positive electrode configurations.
- the positive electrode can comprise any suitable material that may undergo oxidation- reduction reactions during charge and discharge, in some non-limiting embodiments it comprises elemental sulfur (typically S 8 molecules in solid form).
- the positive electrode cell may include at least one solvent selected to at least partially dissolve the elemental sulfur and M 2 S X (alkali metal monosulfide and/or polysulfide, where M is an alkali metal such as sodium or lithium).
- the positive electrode 55 may comprise a nickel foam, nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH) 2 ), nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH), sulfur composites, sulfur halides (including sulfuric chloride), carbon, copper, copper iodide, platinum, and/or another suitable material. Furthermore, these materials may coexist or exist in combinations. Indeed, in some embodiments, the positive electrode comprises copper, platinum, or copper iodide.
- the positive electrode cells 65 may contain a liquid positive electrode solution compatible with the positive electrode material such as liquid electrolyte solutions.
- the positive electrode solution comprises an alkali metal compound
- that compound can perform any suitable function, including, without limitation, helping the metal complex (discussed below) become soluble and protecting the alkali metal ion conductive electrolyte membrane from degradation by dissolution.
- the alkali metal complex can comprise any suitable component, in some embodiments, it comprises an alkali ion and one or more halide ions and/or pseudo-halide ions.
- one or more solvents may be selected to at least partially dissolve elemental sulfur and/or M 2 S X .
- the solvents will also ideally have a relatively high boiling point. Because M 2 S X is polar, in certain embodiments, a polar solvent may be selected to at least partially dissolve the M 2 S X . Similarly, because elemental sulfur is apolar, an apolar solvent may be selected to at least partially dissolve the elemental sulfur. Nevertheless, in general, the solvents may include any single solvent or mixture of solvents that are effective to at least partially dissolve elemental sulfur and/or M 2 S X .
- Tetraglyme (TG) a polar solvent which is useful for dissolving M 2 S X , also significantly partially dissolves sulfur.
- tetraglyme by itself, or in combination with other polar solvents, may be used exclusively as the solvent or solvents in the positive electrode cell. This characteristic of tetraglyme (and possibly other polar solvents) is not believed to be disclosed in the prior art.
- tetraglyme is liquid over a wide temperature range, from -30° C to 275° C at 1 atmosphere pressure. The solubility characteristics of tetraglyme are especially beneficial when used with the substantially non- porous membrane walls of the honeycomb separator.
- solvents that may be used in the positive electrode cell may include tetrahydrafuran (THF) and/or dimethylanaline (DMA).
- THF tetrahydrafuran
- DMA dimethylanaline
- THF tetrahydrafuran
- DMA dimethylanaline
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261619170P | 2012-04-02 | 2012-04-02 | |
PCT/US2013/035003 WO2013152030A1 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2013-04-02 | Battery with non-porous alkali metal ion conductive honeycomb structure separator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2834866A1 true EP2834866A1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
EP2834866A4 EP2834866A4 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
Family
ID=49300991
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13773140.2A Withdrawn EP2834866A4 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2013-04-02 | Battery with non-porous alkali metal ion conductive honeycomb structure separator |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2834866A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2015515723A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013152030A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10230088B1 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2019-03-12 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery electrode assembly, separator and method of making same |
DE102015204314A1 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Separator for battery cell |
JP6598290B2 (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2019-10-30 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Secondary battery using hydroxide ion conductive ceramic separator |
EP3298643B1 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2019-06-12 | Basf Se | Glass-ceramic electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries |
US11114688B2 (en) | 2015-06-18 | 2021-09-07 | University Of Southern California | Lithium-ion mixed conductor membrane improves the performance of lithium-sulfur battery and other energy storage devices |
WO2018168286A1 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-20 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Secondary battery and method for producing same |
JP6631568B2 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2020-01-15 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Secondary battery and method of manufacturing the same |
JP7081516B2 (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-06-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Secondary battery |
KR20230029644A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2023-03-03 | 고쿠리츠 다이가쿠 호진 도호쿠 다이가쿠 | Electrolytes, secondary batteries and composites |
JP7327302B2 (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2023-08-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | BATTERY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4160068A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1979-07-03 | Ford Motor Company | Storage battery |
EP0769822A1 (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-23 | Corning Incorporated | Honeycomb battery structure |
US6428935B1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2002-08-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
US20060141346A1 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2006-06-29 | Gordon John H | Solid electrolyte thermoelectrochemical system |
FR2880197B1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-02-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | ELECTROLYTE STRUCTURE FOR MICROBATTERY |
WO2007075867A2 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-07-05 | Polyplus Battery Company | Composite solid electrolyte for protection of active metal anodes |
WO2008027050A1 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-06 | Tsang Floris Y | Lithium battery |
US20100239893A1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2010-09-23 | John Howard Gordon | Sodium-sulfur battery with a substantially non-porous membrane and enhanced cathode utilization |
WO2009032313A1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-12 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Lithium-sulfur battery with a substantially non- porous membrane and enhanced cathode utilization |
US8012621B2 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2011-09-06 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Nickel-metal hydride battery using alkali ion conducting separator |
US20090189567A1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-07-30 | Joshi Ashok V | Zinc Anode Battery Using Alkali Ion Conducting Separator |
-
2013
- 2013-04-02 WO PCT/US2013/035003 patent/WO2013152030A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-04-02 EP EP13773140.2A patent/EP2834866A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-04-02 JP JP2015503686A patent/JP2015515723A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013152030A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
JP2015515723A (en) | 2015-05-28 |
EP2834866A4 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
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