JP2015513603A - 粘度改良剤の使用 - Google Patents
粘度改良剤の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015513603A JP2015513603A JP2014561479A JP2014561479A JP2015513603A JP 2015513603 A JP2015513603 A JP 2015513603A JP 2014561479 A JP2014561479 A JP 2014561479A JP 2014561479 A JP2014561479 A JP 2014561479A JP 2015513603 A JP2015513603 A JP 2015513603A
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229920002633 Kraton (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- -1 ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[N+]([O-])=O NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000188595 Brassica sinapistrum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006280 diesel fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
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- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJQMOGOKAYDMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=C)C=C.CC(=C)C=C Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CC(=C)C=C KJQMOGOKAYDMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005547 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/165—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aromatic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1658—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
- C10L2200/0446—Diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
i.オレフィンベースのポリマー;
ii.ナフテン系基油、パラフィン系基油、または合成基油;
iii.ポリメタクリレート;および
iv.それらの混合物
から選択できる。
本発明に従ってディーゼルベース燃料と4種の粘度改良試験添加剤とをブレンドすることにより、ディーゼル燃料配合物を製造した。添加剤は以下の通りである:
a.SV(商標)150、これは、例えばインフィニューム(Infineum)のポリスチレン−ポリイソプレンブロックコポリマーを含有する燃料添加剤である。
b.SV(商標)200、これは、例えばインフィニュームのポリスチレン−ポリイソプレンスターコポリマーを含有する燃料添加剤である。
c.SV(商標)260、これは、例えばインフィニュームのスチレン−ポリイソプレンスターコポリマーを含有する燃料添加剤である。
d.HNR40D、これは、例えばシェルの潤滑油基油である。
KT=−1・(∂V)
V0(∂P)
に従って、体積の減少分をそれに伴う圧力変化で割った値と定義され、式中Vは、温度Tおよび圧力Pにおける関連燃料サンプルの体積であり、V0は、温度Tおよび雰囲気圧(1気圧)における同じサンプルの体積である。
Claims (14)
- 配合物の等温圧縮率を増加させるための、ディーゼル燃料配合物における粘度改良添加剤の使用。
- 前記粘度改良添加剤が、
i.オレフィンベースのポリマー;
ii.ナフテン系基油、パラフィン系基油、または合成基油;
iii.ポリメタクリレート;および
iv.それらの混合物
から選択される、請求項1に記載の使用。 - 前記粘度改良添加剤が、オレフィンベースのポリマーである、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記オレフィンベースのポリマーが、ポリイソブチレン(PIB)、ポリアルファオレフィン(PAO)、エチレン−プロピレンコポリマー、スチレンベースのポリマー、およびそれらの混合物から選択される、請求項2または請求項3に記載の使用。
- 前記オレフィンベースのポリマーが、スチレンベースのポリマーを含む、請求項4に記載の使用。
- 前記スチレンベースのポリマーが、少なくとも1種のスチレン系モノマーと少なくとも1種のオレフィン系モノマーとのコポリマーである、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記粘度改良添加剤が、粘度指数改良添加剤である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記粘度改良添加剤が、ディーゼル燃料配合物中、0.01から2%w/wの範囲の(活性物質の)濃度で使用される、請求項3〜7のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記粘度改良添加剤が、0.01から1%w/wの範囲の濃度で使用される、請求項8に記載の使用。
- 前記粘度改良添加剤が、0.01から0.5%w/wの範囲の濃度で使用される、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 前記粘度改良添加剤が、0.01から0.2%w/wの範囲の濃度で使用される、請求項10に記載の使用。
- 1500から2500barの圧力でディーゼル燃料配合物の等温圧縮率を増加させるために、前記粘度改良添加剤が使用される、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 100から200℃の温度でディーゼル燃料配合物の等温圧縮率を増加させるために、前記粘度改良添加剤が使用される、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記燃料配合物で稼働する、または前記燃料配合物で稼働することが意図される燃料消費システムのパワー関連性能を改善することをさらに目的とする、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12159796.7 | 2012-03-16 | ||
EP12159796 | 2012-03-16 | ||
PCT/EP2013/055581 WO2013135912A1 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-03-18 | Use of a viscosity improver |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2015513603A true JP2015513603A (ja) | 2015-05-14 |
JP6242829B2 JP6242829B2 (ja) | 2017-12-06 |
Family
ID=47901990
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014561479A Active JP6242829B2 (ja) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-03-18 | 粘度改良剤の使用 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2825619B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6242829B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104169400B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112014022491B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2866956C (ja) |
MY (1) | MY169744A (ja) |
PH (1) | PH12014502055B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013135912A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA201406441B (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2022501492A (ja) * | 2018-10-05 | 2022-01-06 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイShell Internationale Research Maatschappij Besloten Vennootshap | 燃料組成物 |
JP2022519057A (ja) * | 2019-01-29 | 2022-03-18 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 燃費に関する改善 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103627450B (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-05-20 | 济南开发区星火科学技术研究院 | 一种燃料油降粘剂及其制备方法 |
EP2889361A1 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-01 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Diesel fuel formulation and use thereof |
CN106939178B (zh) * | 2017-04-01 | 2020-05-15 | 江苏奥克化学有限公司 | 一种润滑油粘度指数改进剂及高支化烷烃作为润滑油粘度指数改进剂的用途 |
AU2020333801B2 (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2023-10-05 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Fuel composition |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060112614A1 (en) * | 2003-12-01 | 2006-06-01 | Davenport John N | Power increase and increase in acceleration performance of diesel fuel compositions |
JP2011508036A (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2011-03-10 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | ディーゼル燃料への増粘性成分の使用 |
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JP2011508036A (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2011-03-10 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | ディーゼル燃料への増粘性成分の使用 |
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JP2022519057A (ja) * | 2019-01-29 | 2022-03-18 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 燃費に関する改善 |
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EP2825619A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
CN104169400B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
JP6242829B2 (ja) | 2017-12-06 |
CA2866956C (en) | 2020-04-21 |
ZA201406441B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
PH12014502055A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2825619B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
PH12014502055B1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
CA2866956A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
BR112014022491B1 (pt) | 2020-10-20 |
CN104169400A (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
WO2013135912A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
MY169744A (en) | 2019-05-14 |
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