JP2015506454A - Natural gas liquefaction in a moving environment - Google Patents
Natural gas liquefaction in a moving environment Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0259—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
- F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
- F25J1/0272—Multiple identical heat exchangers in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
- F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
- F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0017—Flooded core heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/20—Boiler-condenser with multiple exchanger cores in parallel or with multiple re-boiling or condensing streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/72—Processing device is used off-shore, e.g. on a platform or floating on a ship or barge
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
一つの態様において、動き環境下でプロセスガスを冷却または液化するためのシステムは、（ａ）分離容器、ここで該分離容器は複数の動き抑制バッフルを含み、および該分離容器は、高圧冷媒流を分離しそれにより気体冷媒流と液体冷媒流を生成するものであり、（ｂ）前記液体冷媒流を前記分離容器から外部の熱交換器コアに送達するための気液冷媒パイプ、（ｃ）少なくとも１つの外部熱交換器コア、ここで該外部熱交換器コアは、ケトルの外部にあり、前記液体冷媒流およびより暖かいプロセス流は前記外部熱交換器コアにおいて間接的な熱交換を受け、それにより、冷却されたプロセス流および気化した冷媒流を生成する、を含む。In one embodiment, a system for cooling or liquefying a process gas under a moving environment includes: (a) a separation vessel, wherein the separation vessel includes a plurality of motion restraining baffles, and the separation vessel comprises a high pressure refrigerant flow. (B) a gas-liquid refrigerant pipe for delivering the liquid refrigerant stream from the separation vessel to an external heat exchanger core, and (c) At least one external heat exchanger core, wherein the external heat exchanger core is external to the kettle, and the liquid refrigerant stream and warmer process stream undergo indirect heat exchange in the external heat exchanger core; Thereby producing a cooled process stream and a vaporized refrigerant stream.
Description
関連出願の相互参照
この出願は、米国特許法第１１９条（ｅ）の下で、ここに本明細書の一部を構成するものとしてその全開示を援用する２０１１年１２月２０日に出願された米国仮特許出願６１／５７８，０８５の優先権の利益を主張する。
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application was filed on Dec. 20, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if forming part of this specification under 35 USC 119 (e). Alleged priority benefit of US Provisional Patent Application 61 / 578,085.
発明の分野
この発明は、シェル内コア（core-in-shell）タイプの熱交換器を利用して、動き環境（motion environment）下で天然ガスを液化するためのシステムおよび方法に関する。
FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a system and method for liquefying natural gas under a motion environment utilizing a core-in-shell type heat exchanger.
発明の背景
天然のままの形態にある天然ガスは、これを濃縮しなければ、経済的に輸送することができない。天然ガスの使用は、その環境にやさしい、クリーン燃焼特性故に、近年有意に増加している。天然ガスの燃焼は、他のいずれの化石燃料よりも少ない二酸化炭素を生成するが、このことは、二酸化炭素の放出が温室効果を引き起こす有意のファクタとして認識されているので、重要である。液化天然ガス（ＬＮＧ）は、環境問題に対して増大する関心を持つ人口密度の高い都市部において、ますます使用される可能性がある。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Natural gas in its native form cannot be transported economically unless it is concentrated. The use of natural gas has increased significantly in recent years due to its environmentally friendly and clean combustion characteristics. Natural gas combustion produces less carbon dioxide than any other fossil fuel, which is important because the release of carbon dioxide is recognized as a significant factor causing the greenhouse effect. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) may be used increasingly in densely populated urban areas with increasing interest in environmental issues.
豊富な天然ガス埋蔵量は、世界各地にある。これらガス埋蔵量の多くは、陸路では近づきにくい沖合の場所にあり、現存する技術の適用に基づいてストランデッドガス埋蔵量とみなされている。現存の技術的ガス埋蔵量は、油の貯蔵量よりも速く補充されつつあり、将来のエネルギー消費の要求を満たすことに対しＬＮＧの使用をより重要なものとしている。液体形態では、ＬＮＧは、ガス相にある天然ガスよりも６００倍も小さいスペースを占める。世界の多くの地域は、技術的、経済的または政治的制限のためにパイプラインによって到達できないので、ＬＮＧ処理プラントを沖合に配置することおよび沖合のＬＮＧをその処理プラントから輸送船舶に直接輸送するために航海船舶を利用することは、初期の資本的支出を減少させ、さもなければ不経済な沖合ガス埋蔵量を解放させることができる。 Abundant natural gas reserves are found throughout the world. Many of these gas reserves are in offshore locations that are difficult to access on land, and are considered to be stranded gas reserves based on the application of existing technology. Existing technical gas reserves are being replenished faster than oil storage, making the use of LNG more important for meeting future energy consumption requirements. In liquid form, LNG occupies 600 times less space than natural gas in the gas phase. Many regions of the world cannot be reached by pipeline due to technical, economic or political restrictions, so placing LNG processing plants offshore and transporting offshore LNG directly from the processing plant to transport vessels Utilizing voyage ships to reduce initial capital expenditures or otherwise release uneconomic offshore gas reserves.
浮体式液化プラントは、陸上液化プラントに対する沖合での代替を、そしてストランデッド沖合埋蔵量のための費用のかかる海中パイプラインに対する代替を提供する。浮体式液化プラントは、沖に、またはガス田にもしくはその近くに係留することができる。これは、また、移動可能な資産を表し、ガス田がその生産寿命の終わりに近づいているときまたは経済的、環境的または政治的条件により要求されるときに、再配置することができる。 Floating liquefaction plants provide an offshore alternative to onshore liquefaction plants and an expensive subsea pipeline alternative for stranded offshore reserves. The floating liquefaction plant can be moored offshore or at or near a gas field. This also represents a movable asset and can be relocated when the gas field is approaching the end of its production life or when required by economic, environmental or political conditions.
浮体式液化船舶で遭遇する一つの問題は、熱交換器内部での気化させる流体のスロッシング（sloshing）である。熱交換器内でのスロッシングは、熱交換器の安定性と制御に影響し得る力を生み出す結果となり得る。気化させる流体が熱交換器のシェルの内部で自由に揺動することを許容されるならば、その動く流体は熱交換器のコアの熱的機能に悪影響を有し得る。さらに、動きの周期性は、熱移動効率における周期的挙動をもたらし、それ故、ＬＮＧ液化プラントにおけるプロセス条件が影響を受け得る。これらの不安定性は、より劣ったプラントの総性能という結果を招き得、そして利用できる生産能力に対しより狭い操作範囲および制限をもたらし得る。 One problem encountered in floating liquefied ships is the sloshing of vaporizing fluid inside the heat exchanger. Sloshing in the heat exchanger can result in the creation of forces that can affect the stability and control of the heat exchanger. If the fluid to be vaporized is allowed to swing freely inside the shell of the heat exchanger, the moving fluid can have an adverse effect on the thermal function of the core of the heat exchanger. In addition, the periodicity of motion results in periodic behavior in heat transfer efficiency and therefore process conditions in the LNG liquefaction plant can be affected. These instabilities can result in poorer overall plant performance and can result in narrower operating ranges and limitations on available production capacity.
従って、動き環境下で天然ガスを液化するためのシステムおよび方法に対する要求が存在する。 Accordingly, there is a need for a system and method for liquefying natural gas in a moving environment.
発明の概要
一つの態様において、動き環境下でプロセスガスを冷却または液化するためのシステムは、（ａ）分離容器、ここで該分離容器は動き抑制バッフルを含み、該分離容器は、高圧冷媒流を分離しそれにより気体冷媒流と液体冷媒流を生成するものであり、（ｂ）前記液体冷媒流を前記分離容器から外部の熱交換器コアに送達するための気液冷媒パイプ、（ｃ）少なくとも１つの外部熱交換器コア、ここで該外部熱交換器コアは、ケトルの外部にあり、前記液体冷媒流およびより暖かいプロセス流が前記外部熱交換器コアにおいて間接的な熱交換を受け、それにより、冷却されたプロセス流および気化した冷媒流を生成し、前記冷却されたプロセス流は、前記外部熱交換器コアの外部の位置に送達されるものであり、（ｅ）前記部分気化冷媒を前記外部熱交換器コアから前記分離容器に送達するための部分気化冷媒パイプ、ここで前記部分気化冷媒パイプは最小の圧力降下を提供し、前記部分気化冷媒パイプは、熱サイフォン効果が維持されるのを保証するものである、を含む。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, a system for cooling or liquefying a process gas under a moving environment includes: (a) a separation vessel, wherein the separation vessel includes a motion-reducing baffle, the separation vessel comprising a high pressure refrigerant stream (B) a gas-liquid refrigerant pipe for delivering the liquid refrigerant stream from the separation vessel to an external heat exchanger core, and (c) At least one external heat exchanger core, wherein the external heat exchanger core is external to the kettle, and the liquid refrigerant stream and warmer process stream undergo indirect heat exchange in the external heat exchanger core; Thereby producing a cooled process stream and a vaporized refrigerant stream, wherein the cooled process stream is delivered to a location external to the external heat exchanger core; and (e) the partial air A partially vaporized refrigerant pipe for delivering vaporized refrigerant from the external heat exchanger core to the separation vessel, wherein the partially vaporized refrigerant pipe provides a minimum pressure drop, and the partially vaporized refrigerant pipe has a thermosyphon effect. Including that which is guaranteed to be maintained.
他の態様において、動き環境下でプロセスガスを冷却または液化するためのシステムは、（ａ）分離容器、ここで該分離容器は、冷媒流を分離しそれにより気体冷媒流と液体冷媒流を生成するものであり、（ｂ）前記液体冷媒流を前記分離容器から外部の熱交換器コアに送達するための気液冷媒パイプ、（ｃ）少なくとも１つの外部熱交換器コア、ここで前記液体冷媒流およびより暖かいプロセス流が前記外部熱交換器コアにおいて間接的な熱交換を受け、それにより、冷却されたプロセス流および気化した冷媒流を生成し、（ｄ）前記部分気化冷媒を前記外部熱交換器コアから前記分離容器に送達するための部分気化冷媒パイプ、を含む。 In another aspect, a system for cooling or liquefying a process gas under a moving environment includes: (a) a separation vessel, wherein the separation vessel separates a refrigerant stream and thereby generates a gaseous refrigerant stream and a liquid refrigerant stream (B) a gas-liquid refrigerant pipe for delivering the liquid refrigerant stream from the separation vessel to an external heat exchanger core, (c) at least one external heat exchanger core, wherein the liquid refrigerant And a warmer process stream undergoes indirect heat exchange in the external heat exchanger core, thereby producing a cooled process stream and a vaporized refrigerant stream, and (d) the partially vaporized refrigerant is removed from the external heat A partially vaporized refrigerant pipe for delivery from the exchanger core to the separation vessel.
さらに他の態様において、動き環境下で天然ガスを液化するための方法は、（ａ）冷（refrigeration）を分離容器に導入し、それにより気体冷媒流と液体冷媒流を生成すること、ここで、前記分離容器は、動き抑制バッフルを含み、（ｂ）前記液体冷媒流を外部熱交換器コアの底近傍に導入すること、（ｃ）より暖かいプロセス流を前記液体冷媒流の上部の位置で前記外部熱交換器コアに導入すること、（ｄ）前記より暖かいプロセス流を前記液体冷媒流との間接的熱交換により冷却し、それにより冷却されたプロセス流と部分気化冷媒流とを生成すること、（ｅ）前記冷却されたプロセス流と部分気化冷媒流とを前記外部熱交換器から取り出すこと、（ｆ）前記部分気化冷媒流を前記分離容器に送達すること、（ｇ）前記冷却されたプロセス流を前記外部熱交換器の外部の位置に送達すること、を含む。 In yet another aspect, a method for liquefying natural gas in a moving environment comprises: (a) introducing refrigeration into a separation vessel, thereby generating a gaseous refrigerant stream and a liquid refrigerant stream, wherein The separation vessel includes a motion-suppressing baffle; (b) introducing the liquid refrigerant stream near the bottom of the external heat exchanger core; and (c) a warmer process stream at a position above the liquid refrigerant stream. Introducing into the external heat exchanger core; (d) cooling the warmer process stream by indirect heat exchange with the liquid refrigerant stream, thereby producing a cooled process stream and a partially vaporized refrigerant stream. (E) removing the cooled process stream and the partially vaporized refrigerant stream from the external heat exchanger; (f) delivering the partially vaporized refrigerant stream to the separation vessel; (g) the cooled Process flow Delivering to a location external to the external heat exchanger.
さらなる態様において、動き環境下で天然ガスを液化するための方法は、（ａ）分離容器に冷（refrigeration）を導入し、それにより気体冷媒流と液体冷媒流を生成すること、（ｂ）前記液体冷媒流を外部熱交換器コアの底近傍に導入すること、（ｃ）より暖かいプロセス流を前記液体冷媒流の上部の位置で前記外部熱交換器コアに導入すること、（ｄ）前記より暖かいプロセス流を前記外部熱交換器コアにおいて前記液体冷媒流との間接的熱交換により冷却し、それにより冷却されたプロセス流と部分気化冷媒流とを生成すること、（ｅ）前記冷却されたプロセス流と前記部分気化冷媒流とを前記外部熱交換器から取り出すこと、を含む。 In a further aspect, a method for liquefying natural gas in a moving environment comprises: (a) introducing a refrigeration into a separation vessel, thereby producing a gaseous refrigerant stream and a liquid refrigerant stream; Introducing a liquid refrigerant stream into the vicinity of the bottom of the external heat exchanger core; (c) introducing a warmer process stream into the external heat exchanger core at a position above the liquid refrigerant stream; Cooling a warm process stream by indirect heat exchange with the liquid refrigerant stream in the external heat exchanger core, thereby producing a cooled process stream and a partially vaporized refrigerant stream; (e) the cooled Removing a process stream and the partially vaporized refrigerant stream from the external heat exchanger.
本発明は、そのさらなる利点とともに、以下の記載を添付の図面とともに参照することにより最もよく理解され得る。
発明の詳細な説明
さて、本発明の態様を詳細に参照するが、本発明の一つまたはそれ以上の例が添付の図面に図解されている。各例は、本発明の説明として提示されるものであって、本発明の限定としてのものではない。本発明の範囲ないし精神から逸脱することなく本発明において種々の修飾および変形を行うことができるということは当業者に明らかであろう。例えば、一つの態様の部分として例証ないし記述された特徴は、なおさらなる態様を生じさせるために他の態様に用いることができる。すなわち、本発明は添付の特許請求の範囲内で生じるそのような修飾および変形並びにその均等物をカバーすることが意図されている。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Reference will now be made in detail to aspects of the present invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. That is, the present invention is intended to cover such modifications and variations as may occur within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
シェル内コア熱交換器の原理設計は、熱いプロセス供給流のより冷たい気化させる流体に対する交差交換を提供する。気化させる流体は、圧力容器内に存在し、そこではアルミニウムろう付けコンパクト交換器コアが搭載され、沸点またはその近くにある気化させる流体中に完全に沈潜している。この液体は、交換器の底面中に引き込まれ、そこでそれはコア内のより熱い表面と接触する。ついで、気化させる流体は、交換器コアチャンネルを通して熱を移動させる。熱移動の大部分は、気化させる流体の蒸発潜熱からのものである。供給流は、それが交換器コア内のチャンネルの反対側を通り過ぎるときに冷却または凝縮される。 The principle design of the in-shell core heat exchanger provides a cross exchange for the cooler vaporizing fluid of the hot process feed stream. The vaporizing fluid resides in a pressure vessel where an aluminum brazed compact exchanger core is mounted and completely submerged in the vaporizing fluid at or near the boiling point. This liquid is drawn into the bottom of the exchanger where it contacts the hotter surface in the core. The vaporizing fluid then transfers heat through the exchanger core channel. Most of the heat transfer is from the latent heat of vaporization of the fluid being vaporized. The feed stream is cooled or condensed as it passes across the opposite side of the channel in the exchanger core.
シェル内コア熱交換器の熱水力性能は、交換器内の液体のレベルに依存する。交換器コア中への気化させる流体の循環のための支配的な駆動力は、熱サイフォン効果である。熱サイフォン効果は、自然対流熱力に由来する受動的な流体移送現象である。流体の気化が生じると、流体は加熱され、そして流体の密度は減少する。それが自然にチャンネル内を上方に流れると、新たな液体が引き込まれる。これは、コア内の熱勾配により誘起される、コアのチャンネル中への気化させる流体の自然循環を結果として生じさせる。チャンネル中のすべての液体が気化されるのではなく、典型的に液体と気体の混合物が交換器コアのチャンネルを通って上方に輸送され、コアの頂部を通って放出される。コアの上方には、気体のみがコアのシェル側のオーバーヘッド部から出るように、気体と液体が乖離するための適切なスペースが設けられなければならない。ついで、交換器の上部において分離した液体は、容器の底へと再循環され、そこにおいてそれは次にコア内で気化される。シェル内コア熱交換器の上部における液体と気体の分離のための駆動力は、重力である。 The thermal hydraulic performance of the in-shell core heat exchanger depends on the level of liquid in the exchanger. The dominant driving force for the circulation of the vaporizing fluid into the exchanger core is the thermosyphon effect. The thermosyphon effect is a passive fluid transfer phenomenon derived from natural convection heat. When fluid vaporization occurs, the fluid is heated and the density of the fluid decreases. As it naturally flows upward in the channel, new liquid is drawn. This results in a natural circulation of the vaporizing fluid into the core channels, induced by a thermal gradient in the core. Rather than all the liquid in the channel being vaporized, typically a mixture of liquid and gas is transported upward through the channel of the exchanger core and discharged through the top of the core. Above the core, an appropriate space for gas and liquid to separate must be provided so that only the gas exits the overhead part on the shell side of the core. The liquid separated at the top of the exchanger is then recycled to the bottom of the vessel where it is then vaporized in the core. The driving force for the separation of liquid and gas at the top of the in-shell core heat exchanger is gravity.
コア内の熱サイフォン循環効果は、コア内の実効液体レベル対コア外の液体レベル間の外部水圧（レベル差）により増大されまたは減じられる。シェル内の液体のレベルが低下すると、交換器コア中への液体の移動のための駆動力が減少し、実効熱移動が低下する。液体レベルがコアより下に低下すると、熱サイフォン効果の消失により気化させる液体の循環が停止し、これが熱移動の消失をもたらす。液体レベルがコアよりも高い状態で、すなわち浸漬状態で熱交換器が操作されると、コア内で生成した気体が追加のヘッドを乗り越えてコアから抜け出さなければならないので、移動される熱はさらに減少する。 The thermosiphon circulation effect in the core is increased or decreased by the external water pressure (level difference) between the effective liquid level in the core and the liquid level outside the core. As the liquid level in the shell decreases, the driving force for movement of the liquid into the exchanger core decreases and the effective heat transfer decreases. As the liquid level drops below the core, the circulation of the liquid that is vaporized by the disappearance of the thermosyphon effect stops, which results in the loss of heat transfer. When the heat exchanger is operated at a higher liquid level than the core, i.e. immersed, the gas generated in the core must get over the additional head and escape from the core, so the transferred heat is further Decrease.
シェル内に必要な液体レベルを維持することに対する懸念を緩和するために、アルミニウムろう付けコンパクト熱交換器コアをシェルから取り出す。図１は、ケトル／分離容器４２に接続された外部熱交換器コア５０の例示的構成を描写する。
In order to alleviate concerns about maintaining the required liquid level in the shell, the aluminum brazed compact heat exchanger core is removed from the shell. FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary configuration of an external
高圧液体冷媒流の少なくとも一部が、予め凝縮されて、導管２を介してＬＮＧ設備を抜け出、膨張手段（膨張弁４０として図示されている）へと輸送され、そこで、その流れは、減圧され、それにより膨張した冷媒部分を導管４内で生成する。膨張弁４０は、分離容器４２内のレベルを制御するための制御弁として利用することができる。この膨張された冷媒流の少なくとも一部が分離容器４２に導入され、それにより導管６内での気体冷媒流と、液体冷媒流とを生成する。一つの態様において、分離容器は、液体のスロッシングを減少させるために、動き抑制バッフルを含む。動き抑制バッフル５２は、水平に配置、垂直に配置、またはその組合せとすることができる。分離容器内の液体レベルは、モニターし、制御すべきである。この容器は、また、液体が容器中で最小レベルに維持されることを保証するために、堰板を備えることができる。
At least a portion of the high pressure liquid refrigerant stream is precondensed and exits the LNG facility via
液体冷媒流の一部が、液体冷媒パイプ８を介して、外部熱交換器コア５０の底に導入される。より暖かいプロセス流も、導管１２を介して、外部熱交換器コア５０に導入され、それによりそのより暖かいプロセス供給流は液体冷媒流との間接的熱交換により冷却され、それにより冷却されたプロセス流と、部分気化液体冷媒流とを生成する。
A part of the liquid refrigerant flow is introduced into the bottom of the external
部分気化液体冷媒流は、パイプ１６を介して、分離容器中へと再循環される。気化の量は、適切なガス分散を確保するために制御され、そして二相流状態が分散領域内で維持される。配管のサイズおよび間隔は、最小の圧力降下を確保するために制御され、熱サイフォン効果が維持される。パイプ中の圧力降下が高いほど、外部熱交換器コアへの流れが維持されることを保証するために液体レベルを高く維持しなければならない。適切な気体乖離スペースが、分離が再循環流について維持されることを保証するために分離容器内で部分気化液体冷媒輸送パイプの上方に設けられる。 The partially vaporized liquid refrigerant stream is recirculated via pipe 16 into the separation vessel. The amount of vaporization is controlled to ensure proper gas dispersion and a two-phase flow state is maintained in the dispersion region. The size and spacing of the piping is controlled to ensure a minimum pressure drop and the thermosyphon effect is maintained. The higher the pressure drop in the pipe, the higher the liquid level must be maintained to ensure that the flow to the external heat exchanger core is maintained. A suitable gas separation space is provided in the separation vessel above the partially vaporized liquid refrigerant transport pipe to ensure that the separation is maintained for recirculation flow.
液体冷媒流の残りの部分は、膨張手段（膨張弁４８として図示されている）へと輸送され、そこで、その流れは、減圧され、それにより導管１８内にオーバーフロー冷媒を生成し、これは、後のより低圧の段階の冷却に使用することができる。 The remaining portion of the liquid refrigerant stream is transported to expansion means (shown as expansion valve 48), where the flow is depressurized, thereby producing overflow refrigerant in conduit 18, which Can be used for later lower pressure stage cooling.
外部熱交換器コアを他の下流プロセスに対して位置決めする際の設計のフレキシビリティー、そして１つの分離容器につき複数の外部熱交換器コアを取り扱うことができる。例えば、図２は、分離容器が複数の外部熱交換器コアに接続されているいくつかの構成を示す。 Design flexibility in positioning the external heat exchanger core relative to other downstream processes, and multiple external heat exchanger cores per separation vessel can be handled. For example, FIG. 2 shows several configurations in which the separation vessel is connected to multiple external heat exchanger cores.
分離容器に対して外部にあるという交換器の構成は、また、その圧力容器が冷媒分離機と圧縮機求引スクラバーとの両方として機能し得るので、下流の冷媒圧縮機スクラバーを除去するという利点を与える。 The configuration of the exchanger being external to the separation vessel also has the advantage of removing downstream refrigerant compressor scrubbers because the pressure vessel can function as both a refrigerant separator and a compressor pulling scrubber. give.
ベーンミストエリミネーター（vane mist eliminator）のような分離容器４２の内部構造物のサイズを最小限に抑えるために、メッシュパッドもしくはサイクロン式ベーンミストエリミネーターを組み込んで分離容器のサイズを最小限に抑えることができる。
In order to minimize the size of the internal structure of the
最後に、いずれもの参考文献、特に本出願の優先日の後の刊行日を持ち得るいずれもの参考文献についての検討は、それが本発明に対する先行技術であることを認めるものではないということに注意すべきである。同時に、以下のどの請求項も、本発明の追加の態様として、この詳細な説明もしくは明細書中に組み込まれるものである。 Finally, note that any reference to any reference, particularly any reference that may have a publication date after the priority date of this application, does not admit that it is prior art to the present invention. Should. At the same time, any of the following claims is incorporated into this detailed description or specification as an additional aspect of the present invention.
ここに記載したシステムおよび方法を詳細に説明したが、以下の特許請求の範囲により規定される本発明の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく種々の変更、置換および代替をすることができる。当業者は、好ましい態様を検討し、ここには正確には記載されていない、本発明を実施する他の方策を突き止めることができる。本発明の変形および均等は、特許請求の範囲内のものである一方、記載、要約および図面は本発明の範囲を限定するために使用去るべきではないということが本発明者らの意図である。本発明は、以下の特許請求の範囲およびその均等物と同じ幅であることが具体的に意図されている。 Although the systems and methods described herein have been described in detail, various changes, substitutions, and alternatives can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. Those skilled in the art will be able to review the preferred embodiments and find other ways of practicing the invention that are not precisely described herein. It is the intention of the inventors that variations and equivalents of the invention are within the scope of the claims, while the description, summary and drawings should not be used to limit the scope of the invention. . The invention is specifically intended to be as wide as the following claims and their equivalents.
参考文献
ここに引用したすべての参考文献は、参照により明示的に組み込まれる。いずれもの参考文献、特に本出願の優先日の後の刊行日を持ついずれもの参考文献についての検討は、それが本発明に対する先行技術であることを認めるものではない。組み込まれた参考文献は便宜のために再度掲げる：
１．ＵＳ６５４３２１０（ロストウヒャー；ペテルシュミット；バラット）；「改良された切断機構を有する切断機」（２００１）
２．Lastname, F., et al., "Article title", J. Abbr. 2: 23-4 (2000)
References All references cited herein are expressly incorporated by reference. A review of any reference, particularly any reference with a publication date after the priority date of this application, does not admit that it is prior art to the present invention. The incorporated references are listed again for convenience:
1. US 6543210 (Lost Ucher; Peterschmitt; Barat); "Cutter with improved cutting mechanism" (2001)
2. Lastname, F., et al., "Article title", J. Abbr. 2: 23-4 (2000)
Claims (23)
ａ．分離容器、ここで該分離容器は複数の動き抑制バッフルを含み、該分離容器は、高圧冷媒流を分離しそれにより気体冷媒流と液体冷媒流を生成するものであり、
ｂ．前記液体冷媒流を前記分離容器から外部の熱交換器コアに送達するための気液冷媒パイプ、
ｃ．少なくとも１つの外部熱交換器コア、ここで該外部熱交換器コアは、ケトルの外部にあり、前記液体冷媒流およびより暖かいプロセス流が前記外部熱交換器コアにおいて間接的な熱交換を受け、それにより、冷却されたプロセス流および気化した冷媒流を生成し、前記冷却されたプロセス流は、前記外部熱交換器コアの外部の位置に送達されるものであり、
ｄ．前記部分気化冷媒を前記外部熱交換器コアから前記分離容器に送達するための部分気化冷媒パイプ、ここで前記部分気化冷媒パイプは最小の圧力降下を提供し、前記部分気化冷媒パイプは、熱サイフォン効果が維持されるのを保証するものである、
を含む該システム。 A system for cooling or liquefying process gas in a moving environment,
a. A separation vessel, wherein the separation vessel includes a plurality of motion-suppressing baffles, the separation vessel separating a high-pressure refrigerant stream and thereby generating a gaseous refrigerant stream and a liquid refrigerant stream;
b. A gas-liquid refrigerant pipe for delivering the liquid refrigerant stream from the separation vessel to an external heat exchanger core;
c. At least one external heat exchanger core, wherein the external heat exchanger core is external to the kettle, and the liquid refrigerant stream and warmer process stream undergo indirect heat exchange in the external heat exchanger core; Thereby producing a cooled process stream and a vaporized refrigerant stream, wherein the cooled process stream is delivered to a location external to the external heat exchanger core;
d. A partially vaporized refrigerant pipe for delivering the partially vaporized refrigerant from the external heat exchanger core to the separation vessel, wherein the partially vaporized refrigerant pipe provides a minimum pressure drop, and the partially vaporized refrigerant pipe is a thermosyphon Guarantees that the effect is maintained,
Including the system.
ａ．分離容器、ここで該分離容器は、冷媒流を分離しそれにより気体冷媒流と液体冷媒流を生成するものであり、
ｂ．前記液体冷媒流を前記分離容器から外部の熱交換器コアに送達するための気液冷媒パイプ、
ｃ．少なくとも１つの外部熱交換器コア、ここで前記液体冷媒流およびより暖かいプロセス流が前記外部熱交換器コアにおいて間接的な熱交換を受け、それにより、冷却されたプロセス流および気化した冷媒流を生成し、
ｄ．前記部分気化冷媒を前記外部熱交換器コアから前記分離容器に送達するための部分気化冷媒パイプ、
を含む該システム。 A system for cooling or liquefying process gas in a moving environment,
a. A separation vessel, wherein the separation vessel separates the refrigerant stream and thereby generates a gaseous refrigerant stream and a liquid refrigerant stream;
b. A gas-liquid refrigerant pipe for delivering the liquid refrigerant stream from the separation vessel to an external heat exchanger core;
c. At least one external heat exchanger core, wherein the liquid refrigerant stream and warmer process stream undergo indirect heat exchange in the external heat exchanger core, thereby reducing the cooled process stream and the vaporized refrigerant stream. Generate
d. A partially vaporized refrigerant pipe for delivering the partially vaporized refrigerant from the external heat exchanger core to the separation vessel;
Including the system.
ａ．冷（refrigeration）を分離容器に導入し、それにより気体冷媒流と液体冷媒流を生成すること、ここで、前記分離容器は、複数の動き抑制バッフルを含み、
ｂ．前記液体冷媒流を外部熱交換器コアの底近傍に導入すること、
ｃ．より暖かいプロセス流を前記液体冷媒流の上部の位置で前記外部熱交換器コアに導入すること、
ｄ．前記より暖かいプロセス流を前記液体冷媒流との間接的熱交換により冷却し、それにより冷却されたプロセス流と部分気化冷媒流とを生成すること、
ｅ．前記冷却されたプロセス流と部分気化冷媒流とを前記外部熱交換器から取り出すこと、
ｆ．前記部分気化冷媒流を前記分離容器に送達すること、
ｇ．前記冷却されたプロセス流を前記外部熱交換器の外部の位置に送達すること、
を含む該方法。 A method for liquefying natural gas in a moving environment,
a. Introducing refrigeration into the separation vessel, thereby producing a gaseous refrigerant stream and a liquid refrigerant stream, wherein the separation vessel comprises a plurality of motion-reducing baffles;
b. Introducing the liquid refrigerant stream near the bottom of the external heat exchanger core;
c. Introducing a warmer process stream into the external heat exchanger core at a position above the liquid refrigerant stream;
d. Cooling the warmer process stream by indirect heat exchange with the liquid refrigerant stream, thereby producing a cooled process stream and a partially vaporized refrigerant stream;
e. Removing the cooled process stream and the partially vaporized refrigerant stream from the external heat exchanger;
f. Delivering the partially vaporized refrigerant stream to the separation vessel;
g. Delivering the cooled process stream to a location external to the external heat exchanger;
The method comprising.
ａ．分離容器に冷（refrigeration）を導入し、それにより気体冷媒流と液体冷媒流を生成すること、
ｂ．前記液体冷媒流を外部熱交換器コアの底近傍に導入すること、
ｃ．より暖かいプロセス流を前記液体冷媒流の上部の位置で前記外部熱交換器コアに導入すること、
ｄ．前記より暖かいプロセス流を前記外部熱交換器コアにおいて前記液体冷媒流との間接的熱交換により冷却し、それにより冷却されたプロセス流と部分気化冷媒流とを生成すること、
ｅ．前記冷却されたプロセス流と前記部分気化冷媒流とを前記外部熱交換器から取り出すこと、
を含む該方法。 A method for liquefying natural gas in a moving environment,
a. Introducing refrigeration into the separation vessel, thereby producing a gas refrigerant stream and a liquid refrigerant stream;
b. Introducing the liquid refrigerant stream near the bottom of the external heat exchanger core;
c. Introducing a warmer process stream into the external heat exchanger core at a position above the liquid refrigerant stream;
d. Cooling the warmer process stream by indirect heat exchange with the liquid refrigerant stream in the external heat exchanger core, thereby producing a cooled process stream and a partially vaporized refrigerant stream;
e. Removing the cooled process stream and the partially vaporized refrigerant stream from the external heat exchanger;
The method comprising.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201161578085P | 2011-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | |
| US61/578,085 | 2011-12-20 | ||
| PCT/US2012/070647 WO2013096464A1 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2012-12-19 | Liquefying natural gas in a motion environment |
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| JP2015506454A5 JP2015506454A5 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
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| EP (1) | EP2795214A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2015506454A (en) |
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| AU2015252986B2 (en) | 2014-05-01 | 2019-07-11 | Conocophillips Company | Liquid drains in core-in-shell heat exchanger |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104011487B (en) | 2017-03-01 |
| EP2795214A4 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
| CN104011487A (en) | 2014-08-27 |
| AU2012359032A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
| US20130160487A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| EP2795214A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| WO2013096464A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| AP2014007703A0 (en) | 2014-06-30 |
| RU2620310C2 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
| RU2014129588A (en) | 2016-02-20 |
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