JP2015226866A - Evaluation method for ion exchange device feed water and driving control method therefor - Google Patents
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本発明は、イオン交換装置に供給される供給水の水質の良否を評価する評価方法と、この評価方法に基づいてイオン交換装置の運転を管理する方法とに関する。 The present invention relates to an evaluation method for evaluating the quality of water supplied to an ion exchange device and a method for managing the operation of the ion exchange device based on this evaluation method.
一般にイオン交換樹脂（特にアニオン交換樹脂）は、有機物によって汚染を受け、性能が低下する。そこで、イオン交換純水装置（イオン交換装置を備えた純水製造装置）では有機物の流入量を制限することで、性能低下を抑制したり、性能を管理することが行われている。 In general, ion exchange resins (particularly anion exchange resins) are contaminated by organic substances, and the performance is lowered. In view of this, in ion exchange pure water devices (pure water production devices equipped with ion exchange devices), it is possible to limit the inflow of organic matter, thereby suppressing performance degradation and managing performance.
イオン交換装置に流入する有機物としては、フミン質、界面活性剤、生物代謝物等様々な種類のものが挙げられるが、イオン交換純水装置の供給水においてこれらを分けて管理する事は殆どなく、供給水の管理指標は全有機炭素（ＴＯＣ）または化学的酸素要求量（ＣＯＤ：ＣＯＤＣｒまたはＣＯＤＭｎ）、あるいは溶解性有機物（ＤＯＣ、ＤＯＭ）などの分析値で行われるのが普通である。たとえば、特開平３−２７５１８９号公報には、イオン交換樹脂透過水のＴＯＣを測定し、このＴＯＣ値をイオン交換樹脂のブレイクポイントや再生時期の判断基準に利用することが記載されている。しかしながら、ＴＯＣやＣＯＤ等の水中の有機物濃度を一括して分析する管理指標値は、装置や分析方法が一般的で定量的な管理には簡便に適用することができるが、有機物として樹脂を著しく汚染させるものを含むのか、それとも影響ないもので有機物が占められているのかといった、定性的な判断には向かない欠点がある。したがって、量的に同等なＴＯＣ値であっても、実際の運用においては全く影響が異なる場合もあり、イオン交換装置へのＴＯＣ流入量を制限しても樹脂性能の低下が抑制されないことがある。 Organic substances that flow into the ion exchange device include various types of substances such as humic substances, surfactants, biological metabolites, etc., but these are rarely managed separately in the supply water of the ion exchange pure water device. In general, the management index of the feed water is determined by analytical values such as total organic carbon (TOC) or chemical oxygen demand (COD: COD Cr or COD Mn ), or soluble organic matter (DOC, DOM). . For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-275189 describes that the TOC of ion-exchange resin permeated water is measured and this TOC value is used as a criterion for determining the break point and regeneration time of the ion-exchange resin. However, management index values for collectively analyzing the concentration of organic substances in water such as TOC and COD can be easily applied to quantitative management because the apparatus and analysis method are general. There is a disadvantage that is not suitable for qualitative judgment whether the organic matter is occupied by what is contaminated or not affected. Therefore, even if the TOC values are quantitatively equivalent, the influence may be completely different in actual operation, and even if the amount of TOC inflow to the ion exchange device is limited, deterioration of the resin performance may not be suppressed. .
また、イオン交換装置が有機物により汚染した場合、装置の性能低下現象がすぐに発現することは少なく、経時的に時間をかけて発現することが殆どである。これは、イオン交換装置の性能低下は有機物の蓄積に影響されるためである。装置性能低下に影響する成分の蓄積速度がわかれば、樹脂を更新する時期の判断を行うことができるが、従来の指標を用いている限りはイオン交換装置に蓄積する性能低下有機成分量を予測することはできない。 In addition, when an ion exchange device is contaminated with an organic substance, the performance deterioration phenomenon of the device is rarely manifested immediately, and is often manifested over time. This is because the performance degradation of the ion exchange device is affected by the accumulation of organic matter. If the accumulation rate of components that affect device performance degradation is known, it is possible to determine when to update the resin, but as long as conventional indicators are used, the amount of organic components that degrade performance is predicted to accumulate in the ion exchange device I can't do it.
汚染したイオン交換装置の性能を回復させるための洗浄法が種々提案されてもいる。しかしながら、イオン交換樹脂の洗浄に、酸化剤などの強い洗浄効果を有する薬品を用いると、樹脂にダメージを与えることが多い。有機溶媒など、被汚染物との親和性が高いものを用いる場合は、それが樹脂に残ることで後々の水質に影響が出たり、洗浄排液の廃棄問題、コストの問題などがある。そのため、洗浄効果が認められても実際には運用が難しい場合が殆どである。 Various cleaning methods for restoring the performance of the contaminated ion exchange apparatus have been proposed. However, when a chemical having a strong cleaning effect such as an oxidizing agent is used for cleaning the ion exchange resin, the resin is often damaged. In the case of using an organic solvent or the like having high affinity with the contaminated material, it remains in the resin, thereby affecting the water quality later, cleaning waste liquid disposal problems, and cost problems. For this reason, even if the cleaning effect is recognized, the actual operation is almost impossible.
イオン交換装置の供給水中に有機物が含まれていると、有機物がイオン交換樹脂（主にアニオン交換樹脂）に吸着され、イオン交換装置の性能が低下する。有機物濃度を測定して供給水の良否を判断することは従来から行われているが、有機物の種類を区別して判断することは行われておらず、適切な判断結果が得られないことがある。 If organic matter is contained in the water supplied to the ion exchange device, the organic matter is adsorbed to the ion exchange resin (mainly anion exchange resin), and the performance of the ion exchange device is degraded. Measuring the concentration of organic matter to determine the quality of the supplied water has been done in the past, but it has not been done by distinguishing the type of organic matter, and appropriate judgment results may not be obtained. .
本発明は、供給水中の有機物の中でも特にイオン交換樹脂性能を低下させる腐植物質（フルボ酸など）の濃度を管理することで、イオン交換装置の性能低下を回避することができるイオン装置供給の評価方法及び運転管理方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention evaluates the supply of an ion apparatus that can avoid a decrease in the performance of the ion exchange apparatus by managing the concentration of humic substances (fulvic acid, etc.) that degrade the ion exchange resin performance among the organic substances in the supply water. It is an object to provide a method and an operation management method.
第１発明のイオン交換装置供給水の評価方法は、イオン交換装置に供給される供給水の良否を評価する方法であって、該供給水中の溶存腐植物質濃度を測定し、該溶存腐植物質濃度の測定結果に基づいて供給水の良否を評価することを特徴とするものである。 The method for evaluating the supply water of the ion exchange device according to the first invention is a method for evaluating the quality of the supply water supplied to the ion exchange device, wherein the concentration of the dissolved humic substance in the supply water is measured and the concentration of the dissolved humic substance is measured. The quality of the supplied water is evaluated based on the measurement result.
第２発明のイオン交換装置供給水の評価方法は、イオン交換装置に供給される供給水の良否を評価する方法であって、該供給水における有機炭素検出型サイズ排除クロマトグラフ法（ＬＣ−ＯＣＤ）で評価した分子量分布又は三次元蛍光分光法で発生する蛍光強度を測定し、この測定結果に基づいて供給水の良否を評価することを特徴とするものである。 The ion exchange device feed water evaluation method of the second invention is a method for evaluating the quality of the feed water supplied to the ion exchange device, and is an organic carbon detection type size exclusion chromatography (LC-OCD) in the feed water. The molecular weight distribution evaluated in (1) or the fluorescence intensity generated by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is measured, and the quality of the feed water is evaluated based on the measurement result.
第３発明のイオン交換装置の運転管理方法は、第１又は第２発明の評価方法により、イオン交換装置への供給水の良否を判断し、この判断結果に基づいて、運転条件を管理することを特徴とするものである。 The operation management method for the ion exchange apparatus according to the third invention is to judge the quality of the water supplied to the ion exchange apparatus by the evaluation method according to the first or second invention, and to manage the operation conditions based on the judgment result. It is characterized by.
本発明では、供給水中の溶存腐植物質（フルボ酸など）濃度を指標としてイオン交換装置への供給水の良否を判断する。また、この良否の判断結果に基づいて、供給水の前処理を行い、イオン交換樹脂の性能低下を回避する。前処理条件を変更できない、または前処理条件変更に制約があるなどしてフルボ酸等を十分に除去することができない場合は、イオン交換樹脂へのフルボ酸等の蓄積量を管理し、適切な時期にイオン交換樹脂を新しいものに入れ替え、イオン交換純水装置の性能を維持することができる。 In this invention, the quality of the supply water to an ion exchange apparatus is judged by using the dissolved humic substance (fulvic acid etc.) density | concentration in supply water as a parameter | index. Moreover, based on the determination result of the quality, the pretreatment of the feed water is performed to avoid the performance deterioration of the ion exchange resin. If the pretreatment conditions cannot be changed, or if there are restrictions on changing the pretreatment conditions, etc., and fulvic acid cannot be removed sufficiently, the amount of fulvic acid etc. stored in the ion exchange resin should be managed and appropriate. By replacing the ion exchange resin with a new one at a time, the performance of the ion exchange pure water device can be maintained.
本発明においては、イオン交換装置に供給される供給水の一部を採取し、上記のように、有機炭素検出型サイズ排除クロマトグラフ法（ＬＣ−ＯＣＤ）で評価した分子量分布もしくは三次元蛍光分光法で検出される蛍光強度を測定し、この測定結果に基づいて供給水を評価する。 In the present invention, a part of the supply water supplied to the ion exchange apparatus is collected, and as described above, molecular weight distribution or three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy evaluated by organic carbon detection type size exclusion chromatography (LC-OCD). The fluorescence intensity detected by the method is measured, and the feed water is evaluated based on the measurement result.
一般に、イオン交換装置の供給水中に含まれるＴＯＣ成分としては、糖、たんぱく質、フミン酸、フルボ酸、その他の有機酸、低分子化合物等が挙げられるが、イオン交換樹脂の運転管理上で問題となるものは、主としてフルボ酸であることが明らかとなった。この理由としては、糖、タンパク質、フミン酸は、通常行われる前処理（凝集、ｐＨ調整、濾過等）によって除去されるためであること、フルボ酸以外の有機酸や低分子は、イオン交換樹脂に付着しても、通常の再生操作によって容易に剥離除去することができ、運転管理上大きな障害とならないためであること、などが考えられる。 In general, the TOC component contained in the water supplied to the ion exchange device includes sugar, protein, humic acid, fulvic acid, other organic acids, low molecular weight compounds, etc., but it is a problem in the operation management of the ion exchange resin. Was found to be primarily fulvic acid. This is because sugar, protein, and humic acid are removed by a conventional pretreatment (aggregation, pH adjustment, filtration, etc.), and organic acids and low molecules other than fulvic acid are ion exchange resins. Even if it adheres to the surface, it can be easily peeled and removed by a normal regeneration operation, and it is considered that it does not become a major obstacle in operation management.
なお、本発明において、フルボ酸の定義は次の第１ないし第３の定義の通りである。
(i) ＬＣ−ＯＣＤで特定の分子量域に含まれるものをフルボ酸と定義する（第１の定義）。
In the present invention, fulvic acid is defined as the following first to third definitions.
(i) A substance contained in a specific molecular weight region in LC-OCD is defined as fulvic acid (first definition).
例えば、分子量１００〜１００００、好ましくは１００〜７０００、より好ましくは４００〜５０００に検出されるピークは、フルボ酸のピークであるとする。
(ii) 励起波長２９０〜４００ｎｍの３次元蛍光スペクトルで蛍光波長４００〜５００ｎｍの波長域で検出されるものをフルボ酸と定義する（第２の定義）。
(iii) 所定の操作を行った後に残留する有機物をフルボ酸と定義する（第３の定義）。この第３の定義では、具体的には、ＴＯＣ成分からフルボ酸のみを取り出すために、酸性条件での固液分離で糖、たんぱく、及びフミン酸を除去した後の有機物濃度をフルボ酸濃度とする。
For example, the peak detected at a molecular weight of 100 to 10000, preferably 100 to 7000, more preferably 400 to 5000 is assumed to be a peak of fulvic acid.
(ii) A three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum with an excitation wavelength of 290 to 400 nm, which is detected in a wavelength region of a fluorescence wavelength of 400 to 500 nm, is defined as fulvic acid (second definition).
(iii) An organic substance remaining after a predetermined operation is defined as fulvic acid (third definition). Specifically, in this third definition, in order to extract only fulvic acid from the TOC component, the organic substance concentration after removing sugar, protein, and humic acid by solid-liquid separation under acidic conditions is defined as the fulvic acid concentration. To do.
上記いずれの定義によるフルボ酸濃度にも、フミン質や重複する成分の濃度が含まれるが、上記定義の有機物の大部分はフルボ酸であるため、フルボ酸濃度の誤差は小さい。 The concentration of fulvic acid according to any of the above definitions includes the concentration of humic substances and overlapping components, but since most of the organic substances defined above are fulvic acid, the error in fulvic acid concentration is small.
水中における有機物は、同定可能な有機物、親水性の同定できない酸、腐植物質（環境中において、生物の遺体や代謝産物から生化学反応、化学反応によって二次的に合成される高分子物質群の総称）によって構成されている（参考図書：環境中の腐植物質 日本腐植物質学会監修ＩＳＢＮ ９７８−４−７８２７−０５７７−３ 三共出版刊）。 Organic substances in water include organic substances that can be identified, acids that cannot be identified as hydrophilic, humic substances (a group of macromolecular substances that are secondarily synthesized in the environment from the remains and metabolites of organisms by biochemical and chemical reactions. (Reference book: Environmental Humic Substances ISBN 978-4-7827-0777-3 Sankyo Publishing Co., Ltd.
フミン質は、文献（M.D.Kennedy et al.,”Natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of ultrafiltration membranes: fractionation of NOM in surface water and characterization by LC-OCD”Desalination 178 (2005) 73-83）に見られるように、有機炭素検出型サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー（ＬＣ−ＯＣＤ）で分析できる。フミン質は、文献（長尾誠也；分析化学，１９９７，４６，３３５−３４２）に見られるように、三次元蛍光分光法で分析できる。 Humic substances can be found in the literature (MDKennedy et al., “Natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of ultrafiltration membranes: fractionation of NOM in surface water and characterization by LC-OCD” Desalination 178 (2005) 73-83). And can be analyzed by organic carbon detection type size exclusion chromatography (LC-OCD). The humic substances can be analyzed by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy as seen in the literature (Nagao Seiya; Analytical Chemistry, 1997, 46, 335-342).
土壌・堆積物学の分類（国際腐植物質学会：ＩＨＳＳの分類）によると、腐植物質すなわちフミン質は以下のように定義される
フミン質＝フミン酸＋フルボ酸＋ヒューミン
フミン酸＝アルカリに溶け、酸に不溶の成分
フルボ酸＝アルカリにも酸にも溶ける成分
ヒューミン＝アルカリにも酸にも溶けない成分
これらの分子量には、ヒューミン＞フミン酸＞フルボ酸という傾向がある。溶解度は分子量に反比例して上昇するところから、フルボ酸が水中におけるフミン質の多くを占めると言える。
According to the classification of soil and sedimentology (International Humic Society: IHSS classification), humic substances or humic substances are defined as follows: Humic acid = Humic acid + Fulvic acid + Humin Humic acid = Soluble in alkali, Components insoluble in acid Fulvic acid = component soluble in alkali and acid Humin = component insoluble in alkali and acid These molecular weights tend to be humin> humic acid> fulvic acid. Since the solubility increases in inverse proportion to the molecular weight, it can be said that fulvic acid accounts for most of the humic substances in water.
通常、純水製造システムにおいては、イオン交換装置の前に、凝集処理（凝集濾過または、凝集沈殿、凝集加圧浮上）、あるいは膜前処理のような前処理を組み込むことが多い。凝集操作においては、通常酸性にしてＰＡＣまたは塩化鉄による凝集を行うため、ヒューミン及びフミン酸は凝集分離される。そのため、イオン交換装置の供給水として含まれる有機物の主成分はフルボ酸となる。 In general, a pure water production system often incorporates a pretreatment such as a coagulation treatment (coagulation filtration or coagulation sedimentation, coagulation pressure flotation) or a membrane pretreatment before the ion exchange device. In the flocculation operation, humin and humic acid are flocculated and separated because they are usually acidified and flocculated with PAC or iron chloride. Therefore, the main component of the organic substance contained as the supply water for the ion exchange device is fulvic acid.
凝集処理→イオン交換装置のフローを有する純水製造システムにおいて、イオン交換装置の入口、出口で有機炭素検出型サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー（ＬＣ−ＯＣＤ）による分析を行ったところ、図１に示すように、フルボ酸、有機酸、低分子有機物がイオン交換樹脂に吸着していることが認められた。チャートの積分値は有機物総量に相当するので、これらの中でも、フルボ酸と有機酸の吸着が多い。 In a pure water production system having a flow of flocculation treatment → ion exchanger, analysis by organic carbon detection type size exclusion chromatography (LC-OCD) was performed at the inlet and outlet of the ion exchanger, as shown in FIG. It was confirmed that fulvic acid, organic acid, and low molecular weight organic substances were adsorbed on the ion exchange resin. Since the integrated value of the chart corresponds to the total amount of organic matter, among these, there is much adsorption of fulvic acid and organic acid.
横軸をＰＥＧで換算した分子量に置き換えると、図２の通り、低分子有機物は分子量で４００以下であることがわかった。 When the horizontal axis was replaced with the molecular weight converted to PEG, it was found that the low molecular weight organic substance had a molecular weight of 400 or less as shown in FIG.
また、凝集処理→イオン交換装置のフローを有する純水製造システムにおいて、イオン交換装置の入口、出口で三次元蛍光分光法による分析を行ったところ、フルボ酸がイオン交換樹脂に吸着していることが認められた。 In addition, in a pure water production system having a flow of flocculation process → ion exchange apparatus, analysis by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy at the inlet and outlet of the ion exchange apparatus shows that fulvic acid is adsorbed on the ion exchange resin. Was recognized.
イオン交換装置において、有機酸は負荷ではあるが、可逆的に除去されやすい。また、低分子有機物は分子量が低いことから洗浄により除去されやすいと考えられる。 In an ion exchange device, an organic acid is a load but is easily removed reversibly. Also, low molecular organic substances are considered to be easily removed by washing because of their low molecular weight.
そこで、イオン交換樹脂に吸着されて蓄積し易いフルボ酸等の溶存腐食物質を前処理等によって除去するなどして極力イオン交換樹脂と接触させないようにすることにより、イオン交換樹脂の性能低下が抑制され、さらにこの溶存腐植物質の蓄積量を管理することで、適正なサイクルにてイオン交換樹脂を更新することができる。 Therefore, by reducing dissolved corrosive substances such as fulvic acid, which are easily adsorbed by the ion exchange resin, by pretreatment, etc., to prevent contact with the ion exchange resin as much as possible, the degradation of the ion exchange resin performance is suppressed. Furthermore, by managing the amount of accumulated dissolved humic substances, the ion exchange resin can be renewed in an appropriate cycle.
本発明において、イオン交換装置供給水の評価を行う間隔は、供給水の水質、その変動の状況や前処理方法によっても異なるが、例えば、１日〜１ヶ月に１回程度好ましくは２週間〜１ヶ月に１回程度の頻度で評価を行うのが好ましい。 In the present invention, the interval at which the ion exchange apparatus feed water is evaluated varies depending on the quality of the feed water, the state of the fluctuation, and the pretreatment method, but for example, about once a day to one month, preferably 2 weeks to It is preferable to evaluate at a frequency of about once a month.
本発明のイオン交換装置の運転管理方法においては、このような本発明の供給水の評価方法により供給水の良否を評価し、その結果に基いてイオン交換純水装置やその前後のシステムにおける運転を管理する。この運転管理方法に特に制限はなく、例えば、供給水の前処理条件の制御、及び／又はイオン交換装置の運転条件の制御が挙げられる。 In the operation management method of the ion exchange apparatus of the present invention, the quality of the supply water is evaluated by the supply water evaluation method of the present invention, and based on the result, the operation in the ion exchange pure water apparatus and the system before and after the apparatus Manage. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in this operation management method, For example, control of the pretreatment conditions of feed water and / or control of the operation conditions of an ion exchange apparatus are mentioned.
イオン交換供給水の前処理方法に特に制限はなく、例えば、凝集沈殿法、活性汚泥法等の生物処理方法、光酸化法、湿式接触酸化法、加圧浮上法、活性炭吸着法、精密濾過法、限外濾過法などを挙げることができる。これらの前処理方法は、１種を単独で用いることができ、また、２種以上を組み合わせて用いることもできる。前処理条件の制御は、これらの前処理装置を新たに追加したり、組み替えたり、削減したり、また、各々の前処理装置の処理条件を変更するなどの方法で実施される。 There is no particular limitation on the pretreatment method of the ion exchange feed water, for example, biological treatment methods such as coagulation sedimentation method, activated sludge method, photooxidation method, wet contact oxidation method, pressurized flotation method, activated carbon adsorption method, microfiltration method And an ultrafiltration method. These pretreatment methods can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The preprocessing conditions are controlled by a method of newly adding, rearranging, or reducing these preprocessing devices, or changing the processing conditions of each preprocessing device.
また、イオン交換装置の運転管理条件については、以下が挙げられる。
［イオン交換樹脂の運転管理に含まれる内容］
＜設計段階での処理の見直し＞
１）凝集処理条件
（一）凝集剤量（濃度）の変更
（二）凝集剤量の変更に伴う、凝集処理形態の見直し
（例：ＰＡＣ添加量に応じて 凝集加圧浮上（添加量：大）＞凝集沈殿（添加量：中）＞凝集濾過（添加量：小） と変更する）
２）イオン交換塔構成の見直し
（一）弱アニオン交換樹脂の採用
（二）イオン交換樹脂量の変更（強アニオン交換樹脂と弱アニオン交換樹脂の量および比を変える）
＜メンテナンス・運転条件の見直し＞
１）凝集処理条件
（一）凝集剤種類（ＰＡＣ，塩化鉄など）の変更
（二）凝集剤量（濃度）の変更
（三）ｐＨの変更
（四）温度の変更
（五）撹拌条件の変更（撹拌速度、滞留時間）
（六）凝集助剤の添加（カオリンの添加、有機凝結剤の添加）
２）イオン交換装置の見直し
（一）採水量の変更（採水量を減らしたり、再生頻度を多くすることで、有機物負荷が低い段階で再生することができる。）
（二）再生剤量の変更
（三）再生時間の変更
（四）再生剤濃度の変更
（五）更新時期の見直し
具体的には、凝集条件において、ｐＨ、凝集剤種類、凝集剤濃度、温度、撹拌方法を変更し、フルボ酸の濃度を低減したり、イオン交換樹脂へのフルボ酸の蓄積量に閾値を設けてイオン交換樹脂の更新時期を決定する管理方法がある。
Moreover, the following is mentioned about the operation management conditions of an ion exchange apparatus.
[Contents included in operation management of ion exchange resin]
<Reviewing the process at the design stage>
1) Conditions for flocculation treatment (1) Change in flocculating agent amount (concentration) (2) Review of flocculation treatment mode accompanying change in flocculating agent amount (Example: flocculation pressure floatation (addition amount: large) )> Coagulation precipitation (addition amount: medium)> coagulation filtration (addition amount: small)
2) Review of ion exchange tower configuration (1) Adoption of weak anion exchange resin (2) Change in amount of ion exchange resin (change the amount and ratio of strong anion exchange resin and weak anion exchange resin)
<Review of maintenance and operating conditions>
1) Coagulation treatment conditions (1) Change of coagulant type (PAC, iron chloride, etc.) (2) Change of coagulant amount (concentration) (3) Change of pH (4) Change of temperature (5) Change of stirring conditions (Stirring speed, residence time)
(6) Addition of agglomeration aid (addition of kaolin, addition of organic coagulant)
2) Review of ion exchange equipment (1) Change in water sampling volume (Reducing water sampling volume or increasing the frequency of regeneration enables regeneration at a stage where the load on organic matter is low.)
(2) Change in amount of regenerant (3) Change in regenerative time (4) Change in regenerant concentration (5) Review of renewal timing Specifically, in aggregation conditions, pH, type of flocculant, concentration of flocculant, temperature There is a management method in which the stirring method is changed, the concentration of fulvic acid is reduced, or the amount of fulvic acid accumulated in the ion exchange resin is set to a threshold value to determine the renewal time of the ion exchange resin.
以下、実施例、比較例及び実験例について説明する。なお、以下の実施例等におけるＬＣ−ＯＣＤ及びＥＥＭ（三次元蛍光分光分析）の条件については末尾に記載した。 Examples, comparative examples, and experimental examples will be described below. The conditions of LC-OCD and EEM (three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy) in the following examples are described at the end.
［比較例１］
ＴＯＣ２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ａｓ Ｃの有機物含有原水（ｐＨ７．２）について、ｐＨ６．０、ＰＡＣ添加量５０ｍｇ／Ｌにて凝集分離処理を行った。固液分離は沈降分離とした。
[Comparative Example 1]
The organic material-containing raw water (pH 7.2) having a TOC of 2.5 mg / L as C was subjected to a coagulation separation process at pH 6.0 and a PAC addition amount of 50 mg / L. Solid-liquid separation was settling separation.
この結果、ＴＯＣは５０％低減し、約１．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ ａｓ Ｃとなった。 As a result, TOC was reduced by 50% to about 1.25 mg / L as C.
この処理水を、イオン交換装置の給水として強アニオン交換樹脂充填塔にＳＶ＝２５ｈ−１で通水したところ、１年後にアニオン交換樹脂の性能指標である中性塩分解能が５５％も減少した。 When this treated water was passed through a strong anion exchange resin packed tower at SV = 25h −1 as feed water for the ion exchange device, the neutral salt resolution, which is a performance index of the anion exchange resin, decreased by 55% after one year. .
［実施例１］
原水と比較例１の凝集分離処理水のＬＣ−ＯＣＤを分析したところ、図３に示すチャートが得られた。図３より、ＴＯＣの低減は主に高分子の糖・タンパク質の低下であり、フルボ酸は約０．８ｍｇ／Ｌも残っていることが判明した。フルボ酸としてはＴＯＣで１５％程度の低減である。
[Example 1]
When LC-OCD of the raw water and the coagulation separation treated water of Comparative Example 1 was analyzed, the chart shown in FIG. 3 was obtained. From FIG. 3, it was found that the reduction in TOC was mainly due to the decrease in macromolecular sugars and proteins, and about 0.8 mg / L of fulvic acid remained. As fulvic acid, the TOC is reduced by about 15%.
そこで、イオン交換塔の樹脂として、コストは高いが有機汚染に強い弱アニオン交換樹脂を充填し、ＳＶ＝２５ｈ−１で通水したところ、３年間にわたって採水量・水質ともに問題無く運転することができた。 Therefore, as a resin for an ion exchange tower, a weak anion exchange resin that is high in cost but resistant to organic contamination is filled, and when water is passed at SV = 25 h −1 , it can be operated without any problems in both the amount of collected water and the quality of water for 3 years. did it.
［比較例２］
強アニオン交換樹脂充填塔に供給水を通水する現場Ａの運転経験により、イオン交換樹脂に有機物が付着してイオン交換樹脂重量が５％増えると、中性塩分解能が２０％低下する経験則が得られた。
[Comparative Example 2]
Based on the experience of operation at the site A where the feed water is passed through the strong anion exchange resin packed tower, organic matter adheres to the ion exchange resin and the weight of the ion exchange resin increases by 5%. was gotten.
同一の強アニオン交換樹脂を充填した強アニオン交換樹脂充填塔を有する現場Ｂのイオン交換装置に対しＴＯＣ１．３ｍｇ／Ｌ ａｓ Ｃの供給水をＳＶ＝２０ｈ−１にてＴＯＣを指標として運転を行った。１．３ｍｇ／Ｌ ａｓ Ｃの有機物のうち、どれだけがイオン交換樹脂に吸着するか判断するために、カラム試験を行った結果、ＴＯＣのうち４０％が不可逆吸着することがわかった。そこで、現場Ａでの経験則によると、年間の蓄積量と樹脂重量から２年間通水可能であると推測された。しかし、実際に通水してみると、ＴＯＣの変動が無いにもかかわらず、１年半後に樹脂重量増加分が５％に達し、突然の採水量低下を招いた。 The TOC 1.3 mg / L as C supply water is operated at SV = 20 h −1 using the TOC as an index for the on-site ion exchange apparatus having a strong anion exchange resin packed tower packed with the same strong anion exchange resin. It was. A column test was conducted to determine how much of the 1.3 mg / L as C organic substance was adsorbed on the ion exchange resin. As a result, 40% of the TOC was found to be irreversibly adsorbed. Therefore, according to an empirical rule at site A, it was estimated that water could be passed for two years based on the accumulated amount and resin weight of the year. However, when water was actually passed through, the resin weight increase reached 5% after one and a half years despite the fact that there was no change in TOC, leading to a sudden drop in water sampling.
［実施例３］
現場Ｂのイオン交換装置において、ＬＣ−ＯＣＤのフルボ酸量を指標としたところ、１．３ｍｇ／Ｌ ａｓ Ｃの有機物のうち、５０％がフルボ酸であり、カラム試験の結果、フルボ酸のうち８０％が不可逆吸着することがわかった。現場Ａでの経験則によると年間の蓄積量と樹脂重量から２年間通水可能であるので、供給水をＳＶ＝２０ｈ−１で通水する運転を開始した。この運転途中で、供給水中のフルボ酸の割合が７０％に変動し、１年半で樹脂重量増加分が５％に達することが予測されたので、採水量低下を招く前にイオン交換樹脂を全量更新した。これにより、突然の採水量低下が防止された。
[Example 3]
In the on-site ion exchange apparatus, the amount of fulvic acid of LC-OCD was used as an index. Of the 1.3 mg / L as C organic substance, 50% was fulvic acid. It was found that 80% was irreversibly adsorbed. According to an empirical rule at site A, it is possible to pass water for two years from the accumulated amount and resin weight of the year, so the operation of passing the supplied water at SV = 20 h −1 was started. During this operation, the proportion of fulvic acid in the feed water changed to 70%, and it was predicted that the increase in resin weight would reach 5% in one and a half years. The whole amount was updated. This prevented a sudden drop in the amount of water collected.
［実験例］
フルボ酸を含む溶液に分子量４，０００のポリエチレングリコール（ＰＥＧ）を加えた溶液をイオン交換純水装置の給水として用いた場合のイオン交換純水装置入口水および出口水を有機炭素検出型サイズ排除クロマトグラフ法（ＬＣ−ＯＣＤ）により下記条件にて分析した結果を図４に示す。
[Experimental example]
Organic carbon detection type size exclusion for ion exchange pure water device inlet water and outlet water when a solution containing fulvic acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG) having a molecular weight of 4,000 is used as feed water for the ion exchange pure water device The results of analysis by the chromatographic method (LC-OCD) under the following conditions are shown in FIG.
ＬＣ−ＯＣＤはその原理上、分子量分布とピーク強度で検出するため、フルボ酸と同等の分子量を有する化合物と区別することはできない。したがって、ＬＣ−ＯＣＤによってイオン交換樹脂に吸着されるフルボ酸の濃度を管理する場合には、フルボ酸の分子量と近い分子量分布を持ち、イオン交換樹脂に吸着されない有機成分が共存すると、給水中のフルボ酸のみの濃度を精度よく求めることはできない。 Since LC-OCD is detected by molecular weight distribution and peak intensity in principle, it cannot be distinguished from a compound having a molecular weight equivalent to fulvic acid. Therefore, when controlling the concentration of fulvic acid adsorbed on the ion exchange resin by LC-OCD, if organic components that have a molecular weight distribution close to the molecular weight of fulvic acid and are not adsorbed on the ion exchange resin coexist, The concentration of fulvic acid alone cannot be determined accurately.
次に、上記と同じ水の三次元蛍光分光分析（ＥＥＭ）したところ、イオン交換樹脂入口水のスペクトルではフルボ酸に対応する蛍光スペクトルが観測されているが、出口水ではほとんど蛍光スペクトルが観測されなかった。従って、三次元蛍光分光法はイオン交換樹脂に吸着されるフルボ酸のみを分析でき、より精緻な運転管理が可能となる。 Next, when the same three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM) of water as described above was used, a fluorescence spectrum corresponding to fulvic acid was observed in the spectrum of the ion-exchange resin inlet water, but almost no fluorescence spectrum was observed in the outlet water. There wasn't. Therefore, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy can analyze only fulvic acid adsorbed on the ion exchange resin, and more precise operation management is possible.
以上の結果から、樹脂に特に吸着する供給水中のフルボ酸を主成分とした溶存腐食物質を管理指標とし、これを除去するなどして極力接触させない前処理との組み合わせで樹脂の性能低下を可能な限り抑制し、さらにこの影響物質の蓄積量を管理することで、適正な樹脂更新サイクルができることが認められた。 Based on the above results, it is possible to reduce the performance of the resin by combining it with the pretreatment that prevents the contact as much as possible by using the dissolved corrosive substance mainly composed of fulvic acid in the feed water that adsorbs to the resin as a main index. It was confirmed that an appropriate resin renewal cycle can be achieved by suppressing as much as possible and managing the amount of accumulated substances.
［ＬＣ−ＯＣＤ分析条件］
装置 ：ＬＣ−ＯＣＤ（ＤＯＣ−ＬＡＢＯＲ社）
カラム ：ＴＯＹＯＰＥＡＲＬ（Ｒ）ＨＷ−５０（東ソー）
移動層 ：純水１Ｌに対し、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４２．５ｇおよびＮａ２ＨＰＯ４・２Ｈ２Ｏ １．５ｇを加えたもの。（１．４ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ）
酸性化液：純水１Ｌに対し、ペルオキソ二硫酸カリウム０．５ｇを加えて溶かし、そこに８５％Ｈ３ＰＯ４を４ｍＬ加えたもの。（０．６ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ）
分子量：有機物の分子量は既知の分子量を持つＰＥＧを用いて検量線を作成し換算した。
[LC-OCD analysis conditions]
Apparatus: LC-OCD (DOC-LABOR)
Column: TOYOPEARL (R) HW-50 (Tosoh)
Moving layer: A solution obtained by adding 2.5 g of KH 2 PO 4 and 1.5 g of Na 2 HPO 4 .2H 2 O to 1 L of pure water. (1.4mL / min)
Acidification solution: A solution obtained by adding 0.5 g of potassium peroxodisulfate to 1 L of pure water and dissolving it, and adding 4 mL of 85% H 3 PO 4 thereto. (0.6mL / min)
Molecular weight: The molecular weight of the organic substance was converted by creating a calibration curve using PEG having a known molecular weight.
［ＥＥＭ分析条件］
装置 ：Ａｑｕａｌｏｇ（堀場製作所）
励起波長 ：２４０−５５０ｎｍ
蛍光波長 ：２９０−６００ｎｍ
スリット幅：励起・蛍光ともに５ｎｍ
積算時間 ：０．１ｓ
フルボ酸の分析方法とフルボ酸以外の有機物の影響について表１に示す。
[EEM analysis conditions]
Equipment: Aqualog (Horiba)
Excitation wavelength: 240-550 nm
Fluorescence wavelength: 290-600nm
Slit width: 5 nm for both excitation and fluorescence
Integration time: 0.1 s
Table 1 shows the analysis method of fulvic acid and the influence of organic substances other than fulvic acid.
Claims (7)
該供給水中の溶存腐植物質濃度を測定し、該溶存腐植物質濃度の測定結果に基づいて供給水の良否を評価することを特徴とするイオン交換装置供給水の評価方法。 A method for evaluating the quality of water supplied to an ion exchange device,
An ion exchange apparatus supply water evaluation method, comprising: measuring a dissolved humic substance concentration in the supply water and evaluating the quality of the supply water based on a measurement result of the dissolved humic substance concentration.
該供給水における有機炭素検出型サイズ排除クロマトグラフ法（ＬＣ−ＯＣＤ）で評価した分子量分布又は三次元蛍光分光法で発生する蛍光強度を測定し、この測定結果に基づいて供給水の良否を評価することを特徴とするイオン交換純水製造装置供給水の評価方法。 A method for evaluating the quality of water supplied to an ion exchange device,
The molecular weight distribution evaluated by organic carbon detection type size exclusion chromatography (LC-OCD) in the feed water or the fluorescence intensity generated by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is measured, and the quality of the feed water is evaluated based on the measurement result. An evaluation method for water supplied to an ion-exchanged pure water production apparatus.
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