JP2015222650A - Lithium air secondary battery, and method for manufacturing positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lithium air secondary battery superior in cycle characteristic.SOLUTION: A lithium air secondary battery 10 comprises: a positive electrode 3 including carbon; a negative electrode 5 including a substance capable of occluding and releasing at least one of metallic lithium and lithium ions; and a nonaqueous electrolyte NE arranged between the positive electrode 3 and the negative electrode 5, provided that the positive electrode 3 has one surface in contact with air and the other surface in contact with the nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode 3 includes, as a catalyst, a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide.

Description

  The present invention relates to a lithium air secondary battery and a method for producing a positive electrode for a lithium air secondary battery.

  The metal-air battery has a theoretical energy density far exceeding that of a lithium ion battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte. For this reason, research on metal-air batteries is underway on a worldwide scale. Examples of metal-air batteries currently being studied include primary batteries such as lithium-air primary batteries, zinc-air primary batteries, zinc-chlorine primary batteries, zinc-bromine primary batteries, lithium-air secondary batteries, zinc-air secondary batteries, There are secondary batteries such as a zinc-chlorine secondary battery and a zinc-bromine secondary battery.

  As a metal-air battery in practical use, for example, there is a zinc-air primary battery. Zinc-air primary batteries have a large discharge capacity of about 300 mAh / g, and are therefore mainly used for hearing aids. However, since the voltage of the zinc-air primary battery is only about 1V, there is a problem that it is difficult to use it widely like a lithium ion battery.

  In recent years, as with the zinc-air battery, electrochemical reduction (discharge) and generation (charge) of oxygen are used as the positive electrode reaction system, lithium metal is used as the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte is used as the electrolyte. Attempts have been made to produce a lithium-air secondary battery that exhibits a high voltage of 2 to 3 V.

  According to the trial, the lithium-air secondary battery can obtain a large discharge capacity of 1000 mAh / g or more in the first discharge. However, if the cycle is repeated due to the high voltage during charging, the decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte occurs and the reversibility of the discharge product (lithium oxide) deposition and decomposition is insufficient. There is a problem that the discharge capacity is significantly reduced.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem in the lithium air secondary battery, attempts have been made to increase the activation of the electrode by adding a catalyst to the positive electrode for the lithium air secondary battery. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 reports the results of conducting a charge / discharge test by adding platinum or various metal oxides as a catalyst to the positive electrode of a lithium-air secondary battery.

According to Non-Patent Document 1, when MnO ₂ is added as a catalyst, the initial discharge capacity is 1000 mAh / g, and the capacity after 50 cycles is reported to be 600 mAh / g. Further, according to Non-Patent Document 1, it is reported that when Fe ₂ O ₃ is added as a catalyst, the initial discharge capacity is 2700 mAh / g, and the capacity after 10 cycles is 75 mAh / g. According to Non-Patent Document 1, it is reported that when Fe ₃ O ₄ is added as a catalyst, the initial discharge capacity is about 1200 mAh / g and the capacity after 10 cycles is 800 mAh / g. .

A. Debart, J .; Bao, G.M. Armstrong, P.M. G. Bruce, “An O 2 cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries: The effect of a catalyst”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 174, P.I. 1177-1182 (2007)

  However, the lithium-air secondary battery described in Non-Patent Document 1 has a significant capacity reduction due to the charge / discharge cycle, so that it is necessary to further improve cycle characteristics for practical use as a secondary battery. was there.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said problem, and makes it a subject to provide the manufacturing method of the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries and lithium air secondary batteries which has the outstanding cycling characteristics.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention comprises carbon, and has a positive electrode whose one surface is in contact with air and the other surface is in contact with a nonaqueous electrolyte, and at least one of metallic lithium and lithium ions. A lithium-air secondary battery comprising a negative electrode containing a material capable of being occluded and released, and a non-aqueous electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, The positive electrode is characterized by containing a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide as a catalyst.

  Thus, the present invention contains a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide as a catalyst. Since this mixture is highly active, it is possible to promote the decomposition of precipitates generated during discharge, that is, discharge products (lithium oxide). Therefore, according to the present invention, the charging voltage can be reduced and the decomposition of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed, so that excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.

  The present invention is also characterized in that the molar ratio of metal ions in the mixture is 3: 1 to 1: 3 in the manganese sulfide: manganese oxide.

  As described above, according to the present invention, since the molar ratio of the metal ions of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide in the mixture is within an appropriate range, excellent cycle characteristics can be reliably obtained.

  Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, this invention contains carbon, the positive electrode which one surface contacts air, and the other surface contacts nonaqueous electrolyte, and among metal lithium and lithium ion And a negative electrode containing a substance capable of occluding and releasing, and used for a lithium-air secondary battery configured by disposing a non-aqueous electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode A method for producing a positive electrode for a lithium-air secondary battery for producing a positive electrode, wherein a mixing step of mixing manganese sulfide and manganese oxide to obtain a mixture, a positive electrode producing step for producing the positive electrode using the mixture, It is characterized by including.

  Since the present invention is manufactured by performing these steps, a positive electrode for a lithium air secondary battery containing a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide as a catalyst can be manufactured.

  In addition, the present invention is characterized in that a heat treatment step of heat-treating the mixture is included between the mixing step and the positive electrode manufacturing step.

  Thus, since this invention heat-processes a mixture, it can be set as the aspect of the state which the said mixture was highly disperse | distributed in the positive electrode, and the state crystallized. Therefore, the positive electrode for a lithium-air secondary battery manufactured by performing heat treatment can more reliably obtain excellent cycle characteristics.

  In the mixing step, the present invention is characterized in that the molar ratio of metal ions in the mixture is from 3: 1 to 1: 3 in the manganese sulfide: manganese oxide.

  If it does in this way, this invention can manufacture the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries which made the molar ratio of the metal ion of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide in a mixture the suitable range.

  In the present invention, the positive electrode manufacturing step includes a slurry preparation step in which a slurry is prepared by dispersing the heat-treated mixture, the carbon, and a binder in a volatile solvent, and the volatile solvent in the slurry. And a first positive electrode manufacturing step of manufacturing a positive electrode having a predetermined shape after being volatilized and dried.

  In the present invention, since the positive electrode is manufactured by performing these steps, a positive electrode for a lithium air secondary battery containing a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide as a catalyst can be reliably manufactured.

  In the present invention, the positive electrode manufacturing step includes a slurry preparation step in which the heat-treated mixture, the carbon, and a binder are dispersed in a volatile solvent to prepare a slurry, and the slurry is used as a positive electrode current collector. And a second positive electrode preparation step in which a volatile solvent in the slurry is volatilized and dried to prepare a positive electrode.

  In the present invention, since the positive electrode is manufactured by performing these steps, a positive electrode for a lithium air secondary battery containing a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide as a catalyst can be reliably manufactured.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that, in the second positive electrode manufacturing step, the application and drying of the slurry to the positive electrode current collector are repeated 3 to 5 times.

  If it does in this way, this invention can form appropriately the three-phase interface which a non-aqueous electrolyte, air, and a positive electrode contact in the interlayer of the manufactured positive electrode. Therefore, this invention can manufacture the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries which has the more excellent cycling characteristics.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the manufacturing method of the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries and lithium air secondary batteries which has the outstanding cycling characteristics can be provided.

It is a schematic sectional drawing explaining the example of 1 structure of the lithium air secondary battery which concerns on this embodiment. It is a flowchart explaining the content of the manufacturing method of the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries which concerns on this embodiment. It is a flowchart explaining the one aspect | mode of the positive electrode manufacturing process in the manufacturing method of the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries which concerns on this embodiment. It is a flowchart explaining the other aspect of the positive electrode manufacturing process in the manufacturing method of the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries which concerns on this embodiment. It is a charging / discharging curve of the lithium air secondary battery regarding an Example. The horizontal axis indicates capacity (Capacity; mAh / g), and the vertical axis indicates voltage (Voltage; V). (A) in FIG. 14 is a charge / discharge curve relating to the lithium air secondary battery according to FIG. 22 is a charge / discharge curve relating to the lithium air secondary battery according to FIG. 21 is a charge / discharge curve relating to a lithium air secondary battery according to FIG.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a method for producing a lithium-air secondary battery and a positive electrode for a lithium-air secondary battery according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate.

[Lithium air secondary battery]
(Basic configuration of lithium-air secondary battery)
First, with reference to FIG. 1, the lithium air secondary battery 10 which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated.
A lithium air secondary battery 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes, for example, a positive electrode connector 1, an electrode case 2, a positive electrode 3, a separator 4, a negative electrode 5, a negative electrode connector 6, a negative electrode support 7, an O-ring 8, and a negative electrode terminal 9. It is configured to include. In addition, although the lithium air secondary battery 10 which concerns on this embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has shown the example comprised as a cylindrical cell, it is not limited to this, A square type, a button type, a coin type, a flat type, etc. The desired shape can be obtained.

  The positive electrode connector 1, the negative electrode connector 6, the negative electrode support 7, and the negative electrode terminal 9 are preferably made of a conductive material such as Fe, Ni, Ti, Au, or an alloy thereof. When it is desired to reduce the manufacturing cost, the positive electrode connector 1, the negative electrode connector 6, the negative electrode support 7, and the negative electrode terminal 9 are preferably manufactured using, for example, Fe or an Fe alloy. SUS (Special Use Stainless steel) It is more preferable to produce using stainless steel for use). Moreover, when it is desired to obtain high conductivity, the positive electrode connector 1, the negative electrode connector 6, the negative electrode support 7, and the negative electrode terminal 9 are preferably manufactured using, for example, Au or an Au alloy.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the positive electrode connector 1, the electrode case 2, and the negative electrode connector 6 are preferably a cylindrical body or an annular body. The inner diameters of the positive electrode connector 1 and the negative electrode connector 6 forming a cylindrical body or an annular body can be set as appropriate, and can be set to 16 mm, for example. In addition, in order to fix the positive electrode 3 and the separator 4 inside the electrode case 2, it has the stopper 2a extended in the direction where an internal diameter becomes small. Specifically, the positive electrode 3 is fixed by the positive electrode connector 1 and the stopper 2a, and the separator 4 is fixed by the negative electrode support 7 and the stopper 2a.

The positive electrode connector 1 enables contact between the positive electrode 3 and air by the inner hole 1a.
In addition, a negative electrode 5 is disposed inside the negative electrode support 7 so as to be in contact with the separator 4, and further, one end surface of the negative electrode connector 6 is disposed in contact with the negative electrode 5. The other end surface of the negative electrode connector 6 is in contact with the negative electrode terminal 9 together with the negative electrode support 7.

  The electrode case 2 can be formed of a metal such as SUS or a fluororesin. When the electrode case 2 is formed of metal, it is preferable that the entire surface is coated with a fluororesin or the like except for a portion that contacts the positive electrode 3 such as the stopper 2a. By coating the surface of the electrode case 2 with a fluororesin or the like and performing an insulation treatment, it is possible to prevent a short circuit during battery production.

  The separator 4 is preferably provided so that the positive electrode 3 and the negative electrode 5 do not come into contact with each other and can be impregnated with the non-aqueous electrolyte NE. Specifically, the separator 4 is preferably a porous film having a microporous structure. The separator 4 is a single material selected from, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, polyphenylene ether, polyamide, polyimide, polyacetal, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, and the like. It is more preferable to use a porous film using the above resin or a mixture of two or more.

  The non-aqueous electrolyte NE may be any non-aqueous electrolyte that can move lithium ions, and an organic electrolyte or ionic liquid can be used.

Examples of the organic electrolyte include LiClO ₄ , LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ ), LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiC ₄ F ₉ SO ₃ , LiC ( CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ and other metal salts such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1 , 2-diethoxyethane, acetonitrile, propionitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, nitromethane, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, γ-butyrolactone, and other organic solvents, or Can be dissolved in the mixed solvent. Also, vinylene carbonate (VC) can be added to the organic electrolyte.

  Examples of the ionic liquid include at least one of an imidazolium cation, a pyridinium cation, an aliphatic cation, a phosphonate cation, and an iodine cation, and a halogen anion. A combination of at least one of an ion, a boron-based anion, and a phosphorus-based anion can be used.

Specifically, as the non-aqueous electrolyte NE, a solution obtained by dissolving LiPF ₆ in propylene carbonate (PC) at a concentration of 1 mol / L can be preferably used.

The nonaqueous electrolytic solution NE may be present in the form of a polymer electrolyte or a gel electrolyte.
For example, polyethylene oxide may be used as the polymer electrolyte.
For the gel electrolyte, for example, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyurethane, polyacrylate, cellulose, or the like may be used.

  The electrode case 2 can be made of a material that is usually used as an exterior material of a metal-air battery, such as a metal can, a resin, or a laminate pack.

  In the electrode case 2 and the negative electrode terminal 9, grooves 2b and 9a having a circular cross section and a circular shape when viewed from the front are formed at positions corresponding to each other. The electrode case 2 and the negative electrode terminal 9 are formed by sandwiching an O-ring 8 between the groove portions 2b and 9a. The O-ring 8 is preferably made of, for example, nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, silicone rubber, acrylic rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, or the like. When the O-ring 8 is formed of these materials, the non-aqueous electrolyte NE is unlikely to be altered or corroded, and the leakage of the non-aqueous electrolyte NE is prevented and the function as a lithium-air secondary battery is maintained for a long time. Can be.

  Further, the lithium air secondary battery 10 is configured by disposing at least the non-aqueous electrolyte NE between the positive electrode 3 and the negative electrode 5. More specifically and preferably, the non-aqueous electrolyte NE is a section formed by the positive electrode 3, the separator 4 and the stopper 2 a, and a section formed by the stopper 2 a, the electrode case 2, the separator 4 and the negative electrode support 7. A section formed by the negative electrode connector 6, the negative electrode support 7 and the negative electrode terminal 9, and a section formed by the electrode case 2, the negative electrode terminal 9, the negative electrode support 7 and the O-ring 8 are also filled. These sections are connected to each other through a through hole not shown in FIG. Therefore, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution NE can freely flow through these sections through the through holes.

(Positive electrode and negative electrode)
As shown in FIG. 1, the positive electrode 3 is in contact with air on one surface fixed by the positive electrode connector 1, and is in contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte NE on the other surface. The positive electrode 3 has a plurality of holes (nanoscale holes) that are formed by using carbon and have a size that prevents the nonaqueous electrolyte solution NE from leaking. The positive electrode 3 can use oxygen in the air as a positive electrode active material through the hole. Therefore, in the positive electrode 3, an electrochemical redox reaction of oxygen, which is a positive electrode active material, proceeds. The discharge reaction on the positive electrode 3 can be expressed by the following formulas (1) and (2). A method for manufacturing the positive electrode 3 will be described later.
2Li ⁺ + O ₂ + 2e ⁻ → Li ₂ O ₂ (1)
Or 2Li ⁺ +1/2 (O ₂ ) + 2e ⁻ → Li ₂ O (2)

The lithium ions (Li ⁺ ) in the above formulas (1) and (2) have moved from the negative electrode 5 to the surface of the positive electrode 3 through the nonaqueous electrolyte solution NE. Oxygen (O ₂ ) is taken into the positive electrode 3 from the atmosphere. When the Li ₂ O ₂ or Li ₂ O produced by this discharge reaction is deposited on the positive electrode 3 and all the reaction sites on the positive electrode 3 are covered, the discharge reaction is completed. At the time of charging, a reaction opposite to the discharge reaction occurs, and charging is terminated when all of the discharge products generated at the time of decomposition are decomposed.

The positive electrode 3 is formed to contain carbon that functions as a conductive material, and contains a mixture of manganese sulfide (MnS) and manganese oxide (Mn _x O _y ) as a catalyst. In addition, in manganese oxide, x shows the arbitrary numbers of 1-3, for example, y shows the arbitrary numbers of 1-4, for example. Specific examples of manganese oxide include MnO, MnO ₂ , Mn ₂ O ₃ , and Mn ₃ O ₄ .

Examples of the carbon contained in the positive electrode 3 include carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, activated carbon, carbon fiber, channel black, furnace black, and mesoporous carbon, but no crystals are grown. It is desirable to use high surface area carbon having a small particle size and many reaction sites. The carbon contained in the positive electrode 3 has, for example, a crystallite diameter calculated from the Scherrer equation in X-ray diffraction measurement of 15 mm or less, and a specific surface area determined by the BET method by N ₂ adsorption is 750 m ² / The total pore volume determined by the mercury intrusion method is 4.0 ml / g or more and 5.5 ml / g or less, and the ratio of the primary pore volume to the total pore volume is 30% or more and 45% or less. It is preferable that the contact angle has at least one feature of 95 ° to 115 °. When such carbon is used, a lithium-air secondary battery excellent in cycle characteristics can be provided more reliably.

In addition, the molar ratio of metal ions in the above-described mixture (the molar ratio of Mn atoms in the Mn compound) is 3: 1 to 1: 3 in terms of manganese sulfide (MnS): manganese oxide (Mn _x O _y ). Is preferred. If it does in this way, since the molar ratio of the metal ion of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide in a mixture is made into an appropriate range, it will become possible to reduce a charging voltage and can acquire excellent cycling characteristics certainly. The molar ratio of metal ions in the mixture is more preferably 2: 1 with manganese sulfide (MnS): manganese oxide (Mn _x O _y ). In this way, more excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained with certainty.

The catalyst contained in the positive electrode 3 is preferably a heat-treated mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide. Examples of the heat treatment conditions include heating at 600 to 700 ° C. under atmospheric pressure for 5 to 12 hours, and more preferably heating at 600 ° C. for 5 hours. By performing the heat treatment, crystallization of the mixture can be promoted and the effects of the present invention can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to provide a lithium-air secondary battery that has better cycle characteristics than the case where a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide is used as it is without heating. The catalyst contained in the positive electrode 3 has, for example, at least one characteristic of a crystallite diameter of 400 to 500 mm and a specific surface area determined by a BET method by N ₂ adsorption of 40 to 50 m ² / g or more. It is preferable. When such a catalyst is used, a lithium air secondary battery excellent in cycle characteristics can be provided more reliably.

The positive electrode 3 can contain the binder and volatile solvent used in the manufacturing process in addition to the above-described carbon and catalyst.
As the binder, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), fluorine resins such as fluorine rubber, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and the like can be used.
Examples of the volatile solvent include organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone. However, the volatile solvent is not limited to these as long as it is used for the production of a positive electrode of an air metal battery. It can be used without being done.
When a binder is included in the production process, the mixture ratio of the mixture (catalyst), carbon, and binder is mixture (catalyst): carbon: binder, and can be, for example, 5: 3: 2 by mass ratio. However, the ratio is not limited to this, and any ratio can be used as long as the desired effect of the present invention is achieved.

  The positive electrode 3 is preferably provided with a positive electrode current collector (not shown in FIG. 1) adjacent to the positive electrode 3. The positive electrode current collector is preferably disposed on a surface in contact with air, but can also be disposed between the positive electrode 3 and the non-aqueous electrolyte NE. Moreover, the positive electrode 3 can also be formed so that the surface of a positive electrode electrical power collector may be covered. The positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is a porous structure such as carbon paper or a metal mesh, a network structure, a fiber, or a nonwoven fabric. Among these, as the positive electrode current collector, for example, a metal mesh formed from SUS, nickel, aluminum, iron, titanium, or the like is preferably used. A metal foil having an oxygen supply hole can also be used as the positive electrode current collector.

The negative electrode 5 includes a substance that can occlude and release at least one of metallic lithium and lithium ions. Examples of such a substance include carbon, Si, Sn, Li _2.6 Co _0.4 N, and the like. Of these, carbon that does not contain lithium ions as a negative electrode material is first chemically or electrochemically chemically changed to a lithium-containing compound (for example, C ₆ Li) before manufacturing the battery. It is preferable to leave.

Arbitrary additives etc. can be added to the positive electrode 3 and the negative electrode 5 as needed.
For example, a catalyst other than the above-described catalyst, a noble metal, an organic material, or the like can be added to the positive electrode 3. Examples of the catalyst other than the above-described catalyst include cobalt oxide and cerium oxide. Examples of the noble metal include Pt, Pd, Au, and Ag. Examples of the organic material include metal phthalocyanines such as cobalt phthalocyanine, Fe porphyrin, and the like.
Moreover, for example, a negative electrode active material such as an alloy, oxide, nitride, or sulfide containing a lithium atom can be added to the negative electrode 5. Examples of the alloy having a lithium atom include a lithium aluminum alloy, a lithium tin alloy, a lithium lead alloy, and a lithium silicon alloy. Examples of the metal oxide having a lithium atom include lithium titanium oxide. Examples of the metal nitride containing a lithium atom include lithium cobalt nitride, lithium iron nitride, and lithium manganese nitride.

  In the lithium air secondary battery 10 according to the present embodiment described above, since the positive electrode 3 contains a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide as a catalyst, decomposition of precipitates generated during discharge can be promoted. it can. Therefore, the lithium air secondary battery 10 can reduce the charging voltage, and can suppress the decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte NE. As a result, the lithium air secondary battery 10 can obtain very excellent cycle characteristics.

(Production method of lithium air secondary battery)
With reference to FIG. 1, the manufacturing method of the lithium air secondary battery 10 which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated.
The lithium air secondary battery 10 according to the present embodiment can be manufactured as follows, for example.
First, the positive electrode 3 is put into one opening of the electrode case 2 and pushed into the stopper 2a to be arranged. Then, the positive electrode 3 is fixed by fitting the positive electrode connector 1 into one opening.
Next, the non-aqueous electrolyte NE is injected into the other opening of the electrode case 2 and the separator 4 is inserted. Further, the negative electrode 5 cut out in a circular shape is pressure-bonded to the negative electrode connector 6.
Then, the pressure-bonded negative electrode 5 and negative electrode connector 6 are inserted into the other opening of the electrode case 2 together with the negative electrode support 7, and the separator 4 is sandwiched and fixed by the stopper 2a.
Next, the O-ring 8 is attached to the electrode case 2 and the negative electrode terminal 9 is fitted and fixed.
By doing in this way, the lithium air secondary battery 10 can be produced.

[Method for producing positive electrode for lithium-air secondary battery]
Next, with reference to FIGS. 2-4, the manufacturing method of the positive electrode 3 for the lithium air secondary batteries 10 which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the element same as the lithium air secondary battery 10 demonstrated with reference to FIG. 1, and the detailed description about the said element is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the manufacturing method of the positive electrode 3 for the lithium air secondary battery 10 according to the present embodiment includes a mixing step S1 and a positive electrode manufacturing step S3, and these steps are performed in this order. . In the present invention, it is preferable that a heat treatment step S2 is included between the mixing step S1 and the positive electrode manufacturing step S3.

  In the present invention, other optional steps are performed before the mixing step S1, between the mixing step S1 and the heat treatment step S2, between the heat treatment step S2 and the positive electrode manufacturing step S3, and after the positive electrode manufacturing step S3. You can also.

(Mixing process)
The mixing step S1 is a step of obtaining a mixture by mixing manganese sulfide and manganese oxide. Mixing of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide can be performed by using a general mixer. When the molar ratio of metal ions in the mixture (in the catalyst) is 3: 1 to 1: 3 with manganese sulfide: manganese oxide, the addition amount of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide is adjusted in the mixing step S1. It is preferable to keep it.

(Heat treatment process)
The heat treatment step S2 is a step of heat-treating the mixture obtained in the mixing step S1. As described above, the condition of the heat treatment step S2 can be, for example, 600 to 700 ° C. for 5 to 12 hours, more preferably 600 ° C. for 5 hours under atmospheric pressure, as described above. Heat treatment process S2 can be performed by using a conventionally well-known electric furnace, for example.

(Positive electrode manufacturing process)
The positive electrode manufacturing step S3 is a step of manufacturing the positive electrode 3 using the mixture mixed in the mixing step S1 or the mixture subjected to the heat treatment in the heat treatment step S2. In the positive electrode manufacturing step S3, the positive electrode 3 only needs to be manufactured using the mixture mixed in the mixing step S1 or the heat-treated mixture in the heat treatment step S2, and is not limited to a specific method, but is described below. It is preferable to manufacture the positive electrode 3 at.

(One aspect of positive electrode manufacturing process)
As shown in FIG. 3, one aspect of the positive electrode manufacturing step S3 includes a slurry preparation step S31 and a first positive electrode preparation step S32.

(Slurry preparation process)
The slurry preparation step S31 is a step of preparing a slurry by dispersing the mixture heat-treated in the heat treatment step S2, carbon, and a binder in a volatile solvent. As described above, the mixing ratio of the mixture, carbon, and binder is preferably, for example, 5: 3: 2 by mass ratio.

(First positive electrode manufacturing step)
The first positive electrode production step S32 is a step of producing the positive electrode 3 having a predetermined shape after volatilizing and drying the volatile solvent in the slurry prepared in the slurry preparation step S31.
Examples of means for volatilizing and drying the volatile solvent in the slurry include natural drying, hot air drying, freeze drying, and vacuum drying.
For example, the positive electrode 3 is formed into a sheet shape having a thickness of about 0.05 to 0.5 mm using slurry, and the sheet is punched with a punching machine or cut out with a cutting machine, for example. Can be easily obtained.

(Other aspects of positive electrode manufacturing process)
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, the other aspect of positive electrode manufacturing process S3 contains slurry preparation process S33 and 2nd positive electrode preparation process S34.
The content of the slurry preparation step S33 in another aspect of the positive electrode manufacturing step S3 is exactly the same as the content of the slurry preparation step S31 in one aspect of the positive electrode manufacturing step S3 described with reference to FIG. Is omitted.

(Second positive electrode manufacturing step)
The second positive electrode production step S34 is a step of producing the positive electrode 3 by applying the slurry prepared in the slurry preparation step S33 to the positive electrode current collector, volatilizing the volatile solvent in the slurry and drying it. That is, the second positive electrode preparation step S34 is different from the first positive electrode preparation step S32 in that the slurry is applied to the positive electrode current collector. Therefore, the positive electrode 3 manufactured by the second positive electrode manufacturing step S34 has a positive electrode current collector in the positive electrode 3 (not shown in FIG. 1) or on at least one surface of the positive electrode 3. As described above, when the positive electrode current collector is provided, current can be effectively supplied to oxygen as the positive electrode active material, and the output of the battery and the like can be improved.

  The positive electrode current collector can be made of a conductive material such as Fe, Ni, Ti, Au, or an alloy thereof, for example, SUS, similarly to the positive electrode connector 1 or the like.

  Application of the slurry to the positive electrode current collector is, for example, a gravure coater, roll coater, comma coater, knife coater, air knife coater, curtain coater, flow coater, kiss coater, shower coater, wheeler coater, spin coater, screen printing, applicator, It can be performed by a coating (printing) machine such as a bar coater. The application of the slurry to the positive electrode current collector can also be performed by dipping, spraying, brushing, or the like.

The application and drying of the slurry to the positive electrode current collector is preferably performed by repeating the application and drying 3 to 5 times. If it does in this way, the three-phase interface which nonaqueous electrolyte NE, air, and the positive electrode 3 contact can be formed moderately in the interlayer of the manufactured positive electrode 3. FIG. Therefore, the positive electrode 3 manufactured in this way can obtain better cycle characteristics.
In addition, when applying the slurry to the positive electrode current collector and drying a predetermined number of times to obtain the positive electrode 3, it is preferable to finally perform at least one of a cold press and a hot press. If it does in this way, the intensity | strength of the positive electrode 3 can be raised and the leakage of the non-aqueous electrolyte NE can be prevented. Since the effect can be obtained more reliably by performing hot pressing, it is preferable to perform hot pressing without fail.

  Since the manufacturing method of the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries demonstrated above performs the above-mentioned process, the positive electrode 3 for lithium air secondary batteries 10 which contains the mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide as a catalyst is manufactured. be able to.

  Next, the manufacturing method of the lithium air secondary battery and the positive electrode for the lithium air secondary battery of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.

[Example 1]
No. in Table 1 1 to 20, manganese sulfide (indicated as “MnS” in Table 1) and one type of manganese oxide selected from MnO, MnO ₂ , Mn ₂ O ₃ , and Mn ₃ O ₄ ( In Table 1, “Mn _x O _y ”) is expressed as MnS: Mn _x O _y in a molar ratio of metal ions of 3: 1, 2: 1, 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3. Were mixed, and heat-treated at 600 ° C. or higher for 5 hours to obtain a catalyst of the mixture.

For the positive electrode, the catalyst, carbon, and binder obtained above were mixed at a mass ratio of 5: 3: 2, respectively, and roll-formed to produce a sheet-like electrode having a thickness of 0.5 mm. And the positive electrode was manufactured by cutting out the produced sheet-like electrode in the circle of diameter 23mm.
For comparison, a positive electrode (mass ratio 6: 4) made of only carbon and a binder without adding a catalyst was prepared in the same manner as described above (No. 21 “carbon only” in Table 1).
The carbon used was Ketjen Black EC600JD (manufactured by Lion Corporation), and the binder used was polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder (Daikin Polyflon PTFE M series M-112).

Using the manufactured positive electrode, a cylindrical lithium-air secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured as described below.
On the one side of the electrode case 2 whose surface was coated with Teflon (registered trademark) (the part in contact with the positive electrode 3 was not coated) The positive electrode 3 according to 1-21 was placed, and the positive electrode 3 was fixed by fitting the positive electrode connector 1 whose surface was coated with Teflon.
Next, after injecting the non-aqueous electrolyte NE on the opposite side of the positive electrode 3 of the electrode case 2, the separator 4 is inserted, and the negative electrode 5 made of metallic lithium cut out in a circular shape is pressed against the negative electrode connector 6. The separator 4 was fitted together with the negative electrode support 7 so as to be sandwiched between the electrode cases 2.
Further, an O-ring 8 was attached to the electrode case 2 and a negative electrode terminal 9 was fitted.
Incidentally, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, propylene carbonate (PC) solvent, was used after dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF ₆₎ at a concentration of 1 mol / L.

No. No. 1 manufactured using the positive electrode 3 according to Nos. 1 to 21. With respect to the lithium air secondary batteries according to 1 to 21, the current density is 0.1 mA / cm ² (normalized by the area of the positive electrode 3 exposed to the atmosphere), and the discharge end voltage is 2.0 V and the charge end voltage is 4.5 V The charge / discharge test was conducted under the conditions.
No. Each cycle of the lithium-air secondary battery according to 1 to 21 (first, 20 th, th 50 times) the discharge capacity at the molar ratio of the metal ions in the mixture _{(catalyst) (MnS: Mn x O y} ) with Table 1 Show. In addition, the capacity | capacitance shown in Table 1 was described by the capacity | capacitance (mAh / g) per mass of the carbon contained in a positive electrode for subsequent comparison.

As shown in Table 1, the manufactured No. All the lithium air secondary batteries according to 1 to 20 were able to confirm the operation as the lithium air secondary battery. No. From the results shown in 1 to 20, it was also confirmed that there was a slight difference in the discharge characteristics of the lithium-air secondary battery depending on the mixing ratio of MnS and Mn _x O _y .
In contrast, no. Since the lithium air secondary battery according to No. 21 had only the carbon as the positive electrode, the operation as a lithium air secondary battery could not be confirmed.

In Table 1, No. showing good characteristics. The initial charge / discharge curve of the lithium air secondary battery according to No. 14 is shown as (a) in FIG.
For comparison, no. The initial charge / discharge curve of the lithium air secondary battery according to No. 21 is shown as (c) in FIG.
As shown in FIG. The lithium air secondary battery according to No. 14 had an average voltage of about 2.75 V during discharge and a discharge capacity of 2021 mAh / g. In charging, the average voltage was 4.05 V, and the charging capacity was 2014 mAh / g.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. The lithium air secondary battery according to No. 21 had an average voltage of about 2.70 V during discharge and a discharge capacity of 2031 mAh / g. In charging, the average voltage was 4.30 V, and the charging capacity was 350 mAh / g.

From the above, as shown in FIG. 5 and Table 1, it was confirmed that the catalyst added to the positive electrode had good characteristics of MnS and MnO ₂ in the combination of manganese sulfide and each manganese oxide. Further, it was confirmed that the catalyst had a lower charge voltage and exhibited good cycle characteristics when the molar ratio of metal ions in MnS and MnO ₂ was 1: 2. Furthermore, compared with the carbon-only positive electrode, the capacity decreased slightly in the first discharge, but the charge voltage was lowered and the cycle characteristics were improved by adding the catalyst. This is because the addition of the catalyst changed the positive electrode gas diffusivity, conductivity, wettability, etc., but the capacity decreased, but the catalyst, which is a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide, has high activity in oxygen generation. It was considered that the decomposition of the discharge product during charging was promoted, so that the charging voltage was lowered and the cycle characteristics were improved.

[Example 2]
A mixture obtained by mixing MnS and MnO _{2 so} that the molar ratio of metal ions is 1: 2, and heat-treating at 600 ° C. for 5 hours, and carbon powder (Ketjen Black EC600JD (manufactured by Lion Corporation)) are mixed with NMP. After being dispersed and stirred in (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), those dried at 70 ° C. and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder were prepared. Then, the mixture, carbon powder, and PTFE powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 5: 3: 2, respectively, and roll-formed to produce a sheet-like electrode having a thickness of 0.5 mm. And by cutting out the produced sheet-like electrode into a circle having a diameter of 23 mm, No. 2 was obtained. A positive electrode according to 22 was produced.

  No. manufactured No. 22 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 using the positive electrode according to No. 22. A lithium air secondary battery according to No. 22 was produced.

  No. manufactured The discharge capacity in each cycle of the lithium air secondary battery according to No. 22 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the measurement results. In Table 2, No. obtained in Example 1 was good. 14 also shows the discharge capacity in each cycle of the lithium air secondary battery according to FIG.

No. The initial charge / discharge curve of the lithium air secondary battery according to No. 22 is shown as (b) in FIG.
As shown in FIG. The lithium air secondary battery according to No. 22 had an average voltage of about 2.80 V during discharge and a discharge capacity of 2028 mAh / g. In charging, the average voltage was 3.95 V, and the charging capacity was 2027 mAh / g.

  As shown in Table 2, no. It was confirmed that the lithium-air secondary battery according to No. 22 had cycle characteristics even better than the maximum performance obtained in Example 1. This was thought to be because the dispersibility of the catalyst and carbon in the positive electrode was improved and the effect of the catalyst was spread over a wide range.

[Example 3]
MnS and MnO ₂ were mixed so that the molar ratio of metal ions was 1: 2, heat-treated at 600 ° C. for 5 hours, carbon powder (Ketjen Black EC600JD (manufactured by Lion Corporation)), PVdF ( A dispersion of polyvinylidene fluoride) was dispersed in NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) and stirred, and then applied onto a Ti mesh and dried at 70 ° C. Application and drying were repeated 2 to 5 times, after pressing, and then cut into a circle with a diameter of 23 mm, No. Positive electrodes according to 23 to 26 were produced.

  No. manufactured In the same manner as in Example 1 using the positive electrodes according to Nos. 23 to 26, The lithium air secondary battery which concerns on 23-26 was manufactured.

  No. manufactured The discharge capacity in each cycle of the lithium air secondary batteries according to 23 to 26 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the measurement results. Table 3 shows No. 2 in which good results were obtained in Example 2. The discharge capacity in each cycle of the lithium air secondary battery according to No. 22 is also shown.

  As shown in Table 3, no. It was confirmed that the lithium-air secondary batteries according to Nos. 23 to 26 had cycle characteristics even better than the maximum performance obtained in Example 2. No. 3 was applied and dried three times. It was confirmed that the lithium-air secondary battery according to No. 24 can obtain extremely good performance. This was thought to be due to the fact that a new three-phase interface was formed between the layers, resulting in improved performance.

  From Examples 1 to 3 described above, the cycle characteristics are improved by mixing manganese sulfide and manganese oxide that are highly active against oxygen generation. In particular, the molar ratio of metal ions in the mixture (catalyst) is manganese sulfide: It was confirmed that a lithium-air secondary battery having a cycle characteristic superior to that of the conventional battery can be manufactured by using a positive electrode manufactured by repeating coating and drying three times at 1: 2 with manganese oxide. .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Lithium air secondary battery 1 Positive electrode connector 2 Electrode case 3 Positive electrode 4 Separator 5 Negative electrode 6 Negative electrode connector 7 Negative electrode support body 8 O-ring 9 Negative electrode terminal NE Nonaqueous electrolyte

Claims (8)

A positive electrode comprising carbon and having one surface in contact with air and the other surface in contact with a non-aqueous electrolyte;
A negative electrode comprising a substance capable of occluding and releasing at least one of metallic lithium and lithium ions,
A lithium air secondary battery configured by disposing a non-aqueous electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
The positive electrode contains a mixture of manganese sulfide and manganese oxide as a catalyst. A lithium air secondary battery, wherein:   2. The lithium-air secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a molar ratio of metal ions in the mixture is 3: 1 to 1: 3 of the manganese sulfide: the manganese oxide. A positive electrode comprising carbon and having one surface in contact with air and the other surface in contact with a non-aqueous electrolyte;
A negative electrode comprising a substance capable of occluding and releasing at least one of metallic lithium and lithium ions,
A method for producing a positive electrode for a lithium air secondary battery for producing a positive electrode used in a lithium air secondary battery configured by disposing a non-aqueous electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
A mixing step of mixing manganese sulfide and manganese oxide to obtain a mixture;
A positive electrode manufacturing step of manufacturing the positive electrode using the mixture;
The manufacturing method of the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries characterized by including.   The method for producing a positive electrode for a lithium-air secondary battery according to claim 3, further comprising a heat treatment step of heat-treating the mixture between the mixing step and the positive electrode manufacturing step. In the mixing step,
5. The lithium-air secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein a molar ratio of metal ions in the mixture is from 3: 1 to 1: 3 in terms of the manganese sulfide: manganese oxide. Manufacturing method of a positive electrode. The positive electrode manufacturing step is a slurry preparation step of preparing a slurry by dispersing the heat-treated mixture, the carbon, and a binder in a volatile solvent,
After volatilizing and drying the volatile solvent in the slurry, a first positive electrode manufacturing step of manufacturing a positive electrode having a predetermined shape;
The manufacturing method of the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries of any one of Claims 3-5 characterized by the above-mentioned. The positive electrode manufacturing step is a slurry preparation step of preparing a slurry by dispersing the heat-treated mixture, the carbon, and a binder in a volatile solvent,
Applying the slurry to a positive electrode current collector, volatilizing a volatile solvent in the slurry and drying, to produce a positive electrode;
The manufacturing method of the positive electrode for lithium air secondary batteries of any one of Claims 3-5 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The positive electrode for a lithium-air secondary battery according to claim 7, wherein in the second positive electrode preparation step, the slurry is applied to the positive electrode current collector and dried three to five times. Method.

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