JP2015215081A

JP2015215081A - Frictional damper and wall surface body

Info

Publication number: JP2015215081A
Application number: JP2014099789A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 嘉朗若島; Yoshiaki Wakashima; 秀丸清水; Hidemaru Shimizu; 泰士藤澤; Hiroshi Fujisawa
Original assignee: Toyama Prefecture
Current assignee: Toyama Prefecture
Priority date: 2014-05-13
Filing date: 2014-05-13
Publication date: 2015-12-03
Anticipated expiration: 2034-05-13
Also published as: JP6248361B2

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a frictional damper made of lumber that can be applied to various structures and fixed to a building after its construction, and provide a wall surface body having this frictional damper.SOLUTION: This invention relates to a device in which a vibration is attenuated while being present between one member and the other member that are relatively moved in a prescribed direction by vibration, the members have a frictional member, a plate member and a fastening tool, the frictional member is made of wood and integrally arranged with one member, a groove extending in a prescribed direction is formed, both sides of the groove may act as holding segments, the plate member is made of metal and integrally arranged with the other member, an elongated hole extending in a prescribed direction is formed, it is inserted into the groove of the frictional member and held by both holding segments, a fastening element passes through both holding segments of the frictional member and the longitudinal hole of the plate member to fasten both holding segments in such a direction as one they approach to each other, and both holding segments press the plate member from both sides.

Description

本発明は、振動により所定方向に相対移動する二部材間に介在して振動を減衰させるための摩擦ダンパおよびこの摩擦ダンパを設けた壁面体に関する。 The present invention relates to a friction damper for attenuating vibration interposed between two members that move relative to each other in a predetermined direction by vibration, and a wall surface provided with the friction damper.

木造建築物の耐震性能を高めるには、連結される二部材間にダンパを設けて、振動を減衰させることが有効である。従来のダンパは、鋼材やゴムなどの工業材料を用いたものがほとんどであり、本願発明者も、特許文献１に示すように、鋼材などを用いた履歴ダンパを提案している。 In order to improve the seismic performance of a wooden building, it is effective to dampen vibration by providing a damper between the two members to be connected. Most of the conventional dampers use industrial materials such as steel and rubber, and the inventor of the present application has also proposed a hysteresis damper using steel or the like as shown in Patent Document 1.

その一方で、木造建築物に用いるダンパとして、同じ木材を用いるものも求められており、たとえば、特許文献２において、矩形枠の内周側に木製の摩擦パネル部材を取り付け、摩擦パネル部材に、木製の矩形面材を複数のボルト部材で摩擦力が得られるように締着し、摩擦ダンパとして機能させるものが提案されている。 On the other hand, as a damper used for a wooden building, one using the same wood is also required. For example, in Patent Document 2, a wooden friction panel member is attached to the inner peripheral side of a rectangular frame, There has been proposed a structure in which a wooden rectangular face material is fastened with a plurality of bolt members so as to obtain a frictional force and functions as a friction damper.

特開２０１０−１１６９７３号公報JP 2010-116973 A 特開２００７−２９７８４５号公報JP 2007-297845 A

しかしながら、特許文献２の発明は、矩形枠とその内周側の矩形面材を有する壁構造を前提としたものであり、ダンパとして種々の構造に適用できるものではなかった。また、矩形枠と一体化したものであるから、建て方時において、最初に柱や梁を組み上げる時点（柱の傾きなどを修正して仮筋交を入れる前の時点）で設置する必要があった。 However, the invention of Patent Document 2 is premised on a wall structure having a rectangular frame and a rectangular face material on the inner peripheral side thereof, and cannot be applied to various structures as a damper. In addition, because it is integrated with the rectangular frame, it must be installed at the time of building the column or beam first (before changing the column inclination and adding the temporary bracing). It was.

本発明は、上記事情を鑑みたものであり、木材を用いるものであって、種々の構造に適用可能で建築物に後付けも可能な摩擦ダンパおよびこの摩擦ダンパを設けた壁面体を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a friction damper that uses wood, can be applied to various structures, and can be retrofitted to a building, and a wall body provided with the friction damper. With the goal.

本発明のうち請求項１の発明は、振動により所定方向に相対移動する、一方部材と、他方部材の間に介在して、振動を減衰させるものであって、摩擦材と、板材と、締付具を備え、摩擦材が、木製で、一方部材と一体に設けてあり、所定方向に延びる溝部を形成してあって、溝部の両側が挟持部になっており、板材が、金属製で、他方部材と一体に設けてあり、所定方向に延びる長孔を形成してあって、摩擦材の溝部に挿入されて両挟持部に挟まれており、締付具が、摩擦材の両挟持部と板材の長孔を貫通していて、両挟持部を互いに近づく方向に締め付けており、両挟持部が板材を両側から押圧していることを特徴とする。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, the vibration is attenuated by interposing between one member and the other member, which are relatively moved in a predetermined direction due to vibration, and comprises a friction material, a plate material, and a fastening member. It is equipped with an attachment, the friction material is made of wood, is provided integrally with one member, has a groove portion extending in a predetermined direction, both sides of the groove portion are sandwiched portions, and the plate material is made of metal. , Provided integrally with the other member, formed with a long hole extending in a predetermined direction, inserted into the groove portion of the friction material and sandwiched between the both sandwiching portions, It is characterized by penetrating the plate and the long hole of the plate material, tightening both the clamping portions in a direction approaching each other, and the both clamping portions pressing the plate material from both sides.

本発明のうち請求項２の発明は、振動により所定方向に相対移動する、木製の一方部材と、他方部材の間に介在して、振動を減衰させるものであって、二つの摩擦材と、締付具と、一方部材に形成した長手方向に延びる長孔を備え、両摩擦材が、木製で、一方部材を挟むようにして他方部材と一体に設けてあり、締付具が、両摩擦材と一方部材の長孔を貫通していて、両摩擦材を互いに近づく方向に締め付けており、両摩擦材が一方部材を両側から押圧していることを特徴とする。 Of the present invention, the invention of claim 2 is to intervene between one wooden member, which is relatively moved in a predetermined direction by vibration, and the other member, to attenuate the vibration, and two friction materials, The fastener includes a longitudinal hole formed in one member and extending in the longitudinal direction, and both friction materials are made of wood and provided integrally with the other member so as to sandwich the one member. On the one hand, it penetrates the long hole of the member, both the friction materials are tightened in a direction approaching each other, and both the friction materials press one member from both sides.

本発明のうち請求項３の発明は、締付具が、ボルトからなり、ボルトを、ボルト頭部またはボルトに通した基準めり込み板が摩擦材と面一になるまでめり込むように締め付けてあるか、またはボルトの先端がボルトに螺入したナットと面一になるまで締め付けてあることを特徴とする。 In the invention according to claim 3 of the present invention, is the fastening tool made of a bolt, and is the bolt tightened so that the bolt head or the reference indenting plate passed through the bolt is indented with the friction material? Or the bolt is tightened until the tip of the bolt is flush with the nut screwed into the bolt.

本発明のうち請求項４の発明は、締付具が、ボルトからなり、ボルトは、頭部側より先端側の方が、ネジピッチが大きくかつ直径が小さい二段形状であって、頭部側と先端側のそれぞれにおいて、螺合する摩擦材の厚さと略同じ長さ分ネジ加工されていることを特徴とする。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the fastener is a bolt, and the bolt has a two-stage shape with a larger screw pitch and a smaller diameter on the tip side than on the head side. In each of the front end side and the front end side, the screw is processed by a length substantially the same as the thickness of the friction material to be screwed.

本発明のうち請求項５の発明は、摩擦材に圧密処理を施してあることを特徴とする。ここで、圧密処理には、摩擦材の全体を処理する場合と、表層のみを処理する場合の両方を含む。 The invention of claim 5 among the present invention is characterized in that the friction material is subjected to consolidation treatment. Here, the consolidation process includes both a case where the entire friction material is processed and a case where only the surface layer is processed.

本発明のうち請求項６の発明は、面材からなる一方部材と、矩形の軸組からなる他方部材と、請求項１、２、３、４または５記載の摩擦ダンパを備え、他方部材の内周側に一方部材を設けてあって、一方部材と他方部材の間に、周方向に間隔をおいて摩擦ダンパを設けてあることを特徴とする。 The invention of claim 6 of the present invention comprises the one member made of a face material, the other member made of a rectangular shaft set, and the friction damper of claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, One member is provided on the inner peripheral side, and a friction damper is provided between the one member and the other member at intervals in the circumferential direction.

本発明のうち請求項１の発明によれば、振動により一方部材と他方部材が相対移動した際に、木製の摩擦材と金属製の板材の間に摩擦力が生じることで、振動を減衰させることができる。また、締付具が板材の長孔内を移動できるので、大きな変形にも対応可能であり、その際には締付具が金属製の板材に形成した長孔にガイドされることになるので、一方部材と他方部材が所定方向以外の方向に相対移動することが防がれる。さらに、板材を摩擦材の両挟持部により挟み込んで締め付ける構成なので、締付具による圧締力を調整しやすい。また、施工に際しては、一方部材と他方部材に、それぞれ摩擦材と板材を取り付けるだけでよく、一方部材と他方部材の形状、構造、素材および表面状態によらず、適用することができ、建築物に後付けすることも可能である。なお、ここでいう後付けとは、建て方時において仮筋交を入れた後に取り付ける場合と、既存の建築物に補強として取り付ける場合の両方の場合を含むものであり、以下においても同様である。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, when one member and the other member are moved relative to each other by vibration, a frictional force is generated between the wooden friction material and the metal plate, thereby damping the vibration. be able to. In addition, since the fastener can move in the long hole of the plate material, it can cope with a large deformation, and in that case, the fastener is guided by the long hole formed in the metal plate material. The one member and the other member are prevented from relatively moving in directions other than the predetermined direction. Further, since the plate material is clamped by sandwiching the friction material between both the clamping portions, it is easy to adjust the pressing force by the clamp. In construction, it is only necessary to attach a friction material and a plate material to one member and the other member, respectively, and can be applied regardless of the shape, structure, material and surface state of the one member and the other member. It is also possible to add it later. The retrofit referred to here includes both the case of attaching after provisional bracing at the time of building and the case of attaching as reinforcement to an existing building, and the same applies to the following.

本発明のうち請求項２の発明によれば、振動により一方部材と他方部材が相対移動した際に、木製の摩擦材と木製の一方部材の間に摩擦力が生じることで、振動を減衰させることができる。また、締付具が一方部材の長孔内を移動できるので、大きな変形にも対応可能である。さらに、一方部材を両摩擦材により挟み込んで締め付ける構成なので、締付具による圧締力を調整しやすい。また、施工に際しては、他方部材に、一方部材を挟むようにして摩擦材を取り付けるだけでよく、一方部材と他方部材の形状および構造ならびに他方部材の素材および表面状態によらず、適用することができ、建築物に後付けすることも可能である。 According to invention of Claim 2 among this invention, when one member and the other member move relatively by vibration, a frictional force arises between a wooden friction material and one wooden member, and a vibration is attenuated. be able to. Further, since the fastener can move in the long hole of the one member, it can cope with a large deformation. Furthermore, since the one member is sandwiched and tightened by both friction materials, it is easy to adjust the pressing force by the fastener. In addition, during construction, it is only necessary to attach the friction material to the other member so as to sandwich one member, and it can be applied regardless of the shape and structure of the one member and the other member and the material and surface state of the other member, It can also be retrofitted to buildings.

本発明のうち請求項３の発明によれば、摩擦材の素材、およびボルト頭部や基準めり込み板の厚さまたはナットの高さが同じであれば、ボルトの締め付けによる圧締力を一定の値にすることができる。圧締力は、すなわち摩擦材と板材または一方部材の当接面に生じる垂直力であり、摩擦力は垂直力に比例するので、これにより、摩擦力の大きさを管理することができる。 According to the invention of claim 3 among the present invention, if the thickness of the material of the friction material and the bolt head or the reference indent plate or the height of the nut are the same, the clamping force by tightening the bolt is constant. Can be a value. The pressing force is a vertical force generated on the contact surface between the friction material and the plate material or one member, and the friction force is proportional to the vertical force, so that the magnitude of the friction force can be managed.

本発明のうち請求項４の発明によれば、摩擦材に対してボルトをねじ込むだけで、先端側と頭部側のネジピッチの差により、先端側と頭部側の両摩擦材（両挟持部）が互いに近づく方向に力が働くので、作業性が良好である。また、先端側の直径が小さいので、頭部側の摩擦材（挟持部）が損傷することがなく、ボルトを確実に締め付けることができる。さらに、頭部側と先端側のそれぞれにおいて、螺合する摩擦材の厚さと略同じ長さ分ネジ加工されているので、安定して大きな摩擦力が得られる。 According to the invention of claim 4 of the present invention, both the friction material on the tip side and the head side (both pinching portions) can be obtained simply by screwing the bolt into the friction material, due to the difference in screw pitch between the tip side and the head side. ), The force works in the direction approaching each other, so the workability is good. Moreover, since the diameter on the tip side is small, the friction material (clamping part) on the head side is not damaged, and the bolt can be securely tightened. Further, since the screw is processed by the length substantially the same as the thickness of the friction material to be screwed on each of the head side and the tip side, a large frictional force can be stably obtained.

本発明のうち請求項５の発明によれば、圧密処理により木製の摩擦材の見かけの比重が高くなることで耐摩耗性が高くなるので、摩擦ダンパの耐久性能が向上する。 According to the invention of the fifth aspect of the present invention, the wear resistance is increased by increasing the apparent specific gravity of the wooden friction material by the consolidation treatment, so that the durability performance of the friction damper is improved.

本発明のうち請求項６の発明によれば、高剛性で、変形初期から大変形に至るまで高い減衰性能を備える壁面体とすることができる。また、請求項１の摩擦ダンパを適用した場合、軸組と一体に設けた板材が面材と一体に設けた摩擦材に挟まれる構成となり、請求項２の摩擦ダンパを適用した場合、面材が軸組と一体に設けた摩擦材に挟まれる構成となるので、何れにおいても、振動により締付具が緩んでも面材が面外方向に外れない。そして特に、面材と軸組の両方が木造である木造建築物において、請求項１の摩擦ダンパと請求項２の摩擦ダンパを適宜選択することで、真壁と大壁の何れにも適用することができる。また、工場において、面材と摩擦材をセットにして制振面材として製造し、これを現場において軸組に挿入施工することもでき、建築物に後付けすることも可能である。 According to invention of Claim 6 among this invention, it can be set as a wall surface body with high rigidity and high attenuation | damping performance from the deformation | transformation initial stage to large deformation. Further, when the friction damper of claim 1 is applied, the plate material provided integrally with the shaft assembly is sandwiched between the friction materials provided integrally with the face material. When the friction damper of claim 2 is applied, the face material is provided. In any case, even if the fastening tool is loosened by vibration, the face material does not come off in the out-of-plane direction. And in particular, in a wooden building in which both the face material and the shaft are made of wood, the friction damper according to claim 1 and the friction damper according to claim 2 are appropriately selected, so that it can be applied to both a true wall and a large wall. Can do. Further, in a factory, a face material and a friction material can be manufactured as a set to produce a vibration-damping surface material, which can be inserted into a shaft assembly on site and can be retrofitted to a building.

摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態の平面図である。It is a top view of a first embodiment of a friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態の正面図である。It is a front view of a first embodiment of a friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第二実施形態の平面図である。It is a top view of a second embodiment of a friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態の平面図である。It is a top view of a third embodiment of a friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態の正面図である。It is a front view of a third embodiment of a friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第四実施形態の平面図である。It is a top view of 4th embodiment of a friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態の変位−荷重関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the displacement-load relationship of 1st embodiment of a friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態の変位−荷重関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the displacement-load relationship of 3rd embodiment of a friction damper. （ａ）は摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態を設けた壁面体の正面図、（ｂ）は連結材の説明図である。(A) is a front view of the wall surface body which provided 1st embodiment of the friction damper, (b) is explanatory drawing of a connection material. 摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態を設けた壁面体の正面図である。It is a front view of the wall surface body which provided 3rd embodiment of the friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態を設けた壁面体の見かけのせん断変形角−荷重関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the apparent shear deformation angle-load relationship of the wall surface body which provided 1st embodiment of the friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態を設けた壁面体の見かけのせん断変形角−荷重関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the apparent shear deformation angle-load relationship of the wall surface body which provided 3rd embodiment of the friction damper. 摩擦ダンパを設けた壁面体の見かけのせん断変形角−等価粘性減衰定数関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the apparent shear deformation angle-equivalent viscosity damping constant relationship of the wall surface body which provided the friction damper. 木材のめり込み変位−めり込み応力関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the indentation displacement-indentation stress relationship of wood. 摩擦ダンパの第五実施形態の平面図である。It is a top view of a fifth embodiment of a friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第五実施形態を設けた壁面体の正面図である。It is a front view of the wall surface body which provided 5th embodiment of the friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第六実施形態の平面図である。It is a top view of a sixth embodiment of the friction damper. 摩擦ダンパの第六実施形態を設けた壁面体の正面図である。It is a front view of the wall surface body which provided 6th embodiment of the friction damper. 木材の圧密処理による耐力低下率の差異を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the difference in yield strength decreasing rate by the consolidation process of wood.

本発明の摩擦ダンパおよび壁面体の具体的な構成について、各図面に基づいて説明する。摩擦ダンパは、振動により所定方向に相対移動する、一方部材と、他方部材の間に介在して、振動を減衰させるものであるが、ここでは、一方部材が木製の面材４、他方部材が木製の軸組５（軸組５を構成する柱材５１）であって、面材４が柱材５１の長手方向に平行で、面材４の端面が柱材５１の側面に対向しており、面材４と柱材５１が、柱材５１の長手方向に相対移動する場合を例に挙げる。 Specific configurations of the friction damper and the wall body of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The friction damper is interposed between the one member and the other member that move relative to each other in a predetermined direction due to vibration, and attenuates the vibration. Here, one member is a wooden face member 4 and the other member is A wooden shaft group 5 (column material 51 constituting the shaft group 5), in which the face material 4 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the column material 51, and the end surface of the face material 4 faces the side surface of the column material 51. The case where the face material 4 and the column material 51 are relatively moved in the longitudinal direction of the column material 51 will be described as an example.

まず、摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態について説明する。図１に示すように、摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態は、摩擦材１と、板材２と、締付具３を備える。摩擦材１は、木製であって、断面矩形で柱材５１の長手方向に延びるものであり、矩形の鋼板からなる受板６を挟んで面材４の一方の面に固定してある（以下、摩擦材１を固定した側を表側とし、その反対側を裏側とする）。より詳しくは、受板６の表側の柱材５１寄りの位置に、摩擦材１を裏側からビス打ちして固定してあり、面材４の裏側に受材７を当てて、受板６を面材４に表側からビス打ちして固定してある。そして、摩擦材１の柱材５１側の面には、柱材５１の長手方向に延びる溝部１１を形成してあり、溝部１１の両側（表側と裏側）が、挟持部１２となっている。また、鋼製で柱材５１の長手方向に延びるＬ字形材２２の一辺を柱材５１の面材４側の面にビス打ちして固定してあり、柱材５１から面材４と平行に延びる他辺が板材２となっている。板材２は、摩擦材１の溝部１１に挿入されており、両挟持部１２に挟まれている。さらに、図２に示すように、板材２には、柱材５１の長手方向に延びる長孔２１を形成してあるが、長孔２１の長さは、摩擦材１の長さよりも短く、長孔２１は、摩擦材１に隠れた状態となる。そして、摩擦材１の両挟持部１２および受板６には、板材２の長孔２１の位置に合わせて、等間隔に五つのボルト孔を形成してあり、五本のボルト３からなる締付具が、両挟持部１２と受板６のボルト孔および板材２の長孔２１を貫通して、裏側から挿入されており、ボルト３の先端に、めり込み板３３を挿入し、さらにナット３４をねじ込んで締め付けてある。めり込み板３３は、一枚の矩形鋼板に五つのボルト孔を形成したものである。そして、ナット３４は、その表側の面が、ボルト３の先端と面一になるまでねじ込んであり、めり込み板３３はその一部が摩擦材１にめり込んでいる。このボルト３の締め付けにより、両挟持部１２が互いに近づく方向に付勢され、両挟持部１２が板材２を両側から押圧する。なお、実際の組立手順としては、まず受板６に摩擦材１を取り付け、次に板材２を摩擦材１の溝部１１に挿入し、ボルト３を貫通させて締め付け、最後にこれを面材４と柱材５１にそれぞれ取り付ける。 First, a first embodiment of the friction damper will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the first embodiment of the friction damper includes a friction material 1, a plate material 2, and a fastener 3. The friction material 1 is made of wood and has a rectangular cross section and extends in the longitudinal direction of the column material 51, and is fixed to one surface of the face material 4 with a receiving plate 6 made of a rectangular steel plate interposed therebetween (hereinafter referred to as the friction material 1). The side on which the friction material 1 is fixed is the front side, and the opposite side is the back side). More specifically, the friction material 1 is fixed by screwing from the back side at a position near the column material 51 on the front side of the receiving plate 6, the receiving material 7 is applied to the back side of the face material 4, and the receiving plate 6 is Screwed to the face material 4 from the front side. And the groove part 11 extended in the longitudinal direction of the pillar material 51 is formed in the surface at the side of the pillar material 51 of the friction material 1, and the both sides (front side and back side) of the groove part 11 become the clamping part 12. FIG. Further, one side of the L-shaped member 22 made of steel and extending in the longitudinal direction of the column member 51 is fixed by screwing to the surface of the column member 51 on the face member 4 side, and the pillar member 51 is parallel to the face member 4. The other side that extends is the plate material 2. The plate material 2 is inserted into the groove portion 11 of the friction material 1 and is sandwiched between both sandwiching portions 12. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a long hole 21 extending in the longitudinal direction of the column material 51 is formed in the plate material 2, but the length of the long hole 21 is shorter than the length of the friction material 1. The hole 21 is hidden by the friction material 1. Then, the two clamping portions 12 and the receiving plate 6 of the friction material 1 are formed with five bolt holes at equal intervals in accordance with the positions of the long holes 21 of the plate material 2. The attachment is inserted from the back side through the both pinching portions 12 and the bolt holes of the receiving plate 6 and the long hole 21 of the plate member 2, and the insert plate 33 is inserted into the tip of the bolt 3, and further the nut 34. Is screwed in and tightened. The embedded plate 33 is formed by forming five bolt holes in one rectangular steel plate. The nut 34 is screwed in until the front surface thereof is flush with the tip of the bolt 3, and a part of the inset plate 33 is indented into the friction material 1. By tightening the bolt 3, the both clamping portions 12 are urged toward each other, and the both clamping portions 12 press the plate material 2 from both sides. As an actual assembling procedure, the friction material 1 is first attached to the receiving plate 6, then the plate material 2 is inserted into the groove 11 of the friction material 1, and the bolt 3 is passed through and tightened. And attached to the column member 51 respectively.

このように構成した摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態においては、振動により、面材４と柱材５１が相対移動した際に、木製の摩擦材１と鋼製の板材２の間に摩擦力が生じることで、振動を減衰させることができる。また、ボルト３が板材２の長孔２１内を移動できるので、大きな変形にも対応可能であり、その際にはボルト３が長孔２１にガイドされることになるので、面材４と柱材５１が所定方向以外の方向に相対移動することが防がれる。さらに、板材２を摩擦材１の両挟持部１２により挟み込んで締め付ける構成なので、ボルト３による圧締力を調整しやすい。また、施工に際しては、面材４と柱材５１に、それぞれ摩擦材１と板材２（Ｌ字形材２２）を取り付けるだけでよく、作業が容易である。また、ここでは一方部材が面材４、他方部材が軸組５（柱材５１）の場合を例に挙げたが、一方部材と他方部材の形状、構造はどのようなものであってもよい。さらに、摩擦材１と板材２の間に生じる摩擦力を利用するものであるから、一方部材と他方部材の素材や表面状態によらず、適用することができる。そして、この摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態は、建築物に後付けすることも可能である。 In the first embodiment of the friction damper configured as described above, a frictional force is generated between the wooden friction material 1 and the steel plate material 2 when the face material 4 and the column material 51 are relatively moved by vibration. Thus, vibration can be attenuated. Further, since the bolt 3 can move in the long hole 21 of the plate member 2, it is possible to cope with a large deformation. In this case, the bolt 3 is guided by the long hole 21, so that the face material 4 and the column The relative movement of the material 51 in a direction other than the predetermined direction is prevented. Furthermore, since the plate member 2 is sandwiched and tightened by the both sandwiching portions 12 of the friction member 1, the pressing force by the bolt 3 can be easily adjusted. Further, in the construction, it is only necessary to attach the friction material 1 and the plate material 2 (L-shaped material 22) to the face material 4 and the column material 51, respectively, and the work is easy. Moreover, although the case where the one member is the face member 4 and the other member is the shaft assembly 5 (the column member 51) is described here as an example, the shape and structure of the one member and the other member may be any. . Furthermore, since the frictional force generated between the friction material 1 and the plate material 2 is used, it can be applied regardless of the material and surface state of the one member and the other member. And this 1st embodiment of this friction damper can also be retrofitted to a building.

また、ナット３４がボルト３の先端と面一になるまで締め付けて、めり込み板３３を摩擦材１にめり込ませてあるが、これにより、圧締力を管理している。この点について、以下により詳細に説明する。木材に対して金属部材などをめり込ませた場合のめり込み変位とめり込み応力の関係は、図１４のグラフに示すように、塑性域において剛性が低下し、変形に対する応力の変化が鈍感になる。このような性質によれば、ボルト３の締め付けによって鋼製のめり込み板３３を木製の摩擦材１にめり込ませ、降伏変位を超える所定のめり込み変位を与えることで、高い精度で圧締力を管理できるものである。ここでは、めり込み変位の管理の利便性を考慮して、所定のめり込み変位を、ナット３４がボルト３の先端と面一になるまでの変位としてある。よって、摩擦材１の素材、ボルト３の長さおよびナット３４の高さが同じであれば、ボルト３の締め付けによる圧締力を一定の値にすることができる。圧締力は、すなわち摩擦材１と板材２の当接面に生じる垂直力であり、摩擦力は垂直力に比例するので、これにより、摩擦力の大きさを管理することができる。 Further, the nut 34 is tightened until it is flush with the front end of the bolt 3, and the inset plate 33 is inset into the friction material 1, thereby controlling the pressing force. This point will be described in more detail below. As shown in the graph of FIG. 14, the relationship between the indentation displacement and the indentation stress when a metal member or the like is indented into the wood decreases in rigidity in the plastic region, and the change in stress due to deformation becomes insensitive. According to such a property, the clamping force is controlled with high accuracy by causing the steel indentation plate 33 to be indented into the wooden friction material 1 by tightening the bolt 3 and giving a predetermined indentation displacement exceeding the yield displacement. It can be done. Here, in consideration of the convenience of managing the indentation displacement, the predetermined indentation displacement is defined as the displacement until the nut 34 is flush with the tip of the bolt 3. Therefore, if the material of the friction material 1, the length of the bolt 3, and the height of the nut 34 are the same, the pressing force by tightening the bolt 3 can be set to a constant value. The pressing force is a vertical force generated on the contact surface between the friction material 1 and the plate material 2, and the friction force is proportional to the vertical force, so that the magnitude of the friction force can be managed.

次に、摩擦ダンパの第二実施形態について説明する。図３に示すように、摩擦ダンパの第二実施形態は、摩擦材１と、板材２と、締付具３を備える。摩擦材１は、木製であって、断面矩形で柱材５１の長手方向に延びるものであり、面材４の表側の面に裏側からビス打ちして固定してある。そして、摩擦材１の柱材５１側の面には、柱材５１の長手方向に延びる溝部１１を形成してあり、溝部１１の両側（表側と裏側）が、挟持部１２となっている。また、鋼製で柱材５１の長手方向に延びるＬ字形材２２の一辺を柱材５１の面材４側の面にビス打ちして固定してあり、柱材５１から面材４と平行に延びる他辺が板材２となっている。板材２は、摩擦材１の溝部１１に挿入されており、両挟持部１２に挟まれている。さらに、板材２には、第一実施形態と同様に、柱材５１の長手方向に延びる長孔２１を形成してある。そして、摩擦材１の両挟持部１２には、板材２の長孔２１の位置に合わせて、等間隔に五つのボルト孔を形成してあり、五本のボルト３からなる締付具が、両挟持部１２のボルト孔および板材２の長孔２１を貫通して、裏側から挿入されており、ボルト３の先端に、座金８を挿入し、さらにナット３４をねじ込んで締め付けてある。ボルト頭部３１は皿形であって、ボルト３の締め付けにより摩擦材１の裏側の面と面一になるまでめり込ませてある。このボルト３の締め付けにより、両挟持部１２が互いに近づく方向に付勢され、両挟持部１２が板材２を両側から押圧する。なお、実際の組立手順としては、まず板材２を摩擦材１の溝部１１に挿入し、ボルト３を貫通させて締め付け、最後にこれを面材４と柱材５１にそれぞれ取り付ける。 Next, a second embodiment of the friction damper will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the second embodiment of the friction damper includes a friction material 1, a plate material 2, and a fastener 3. The friction material 1 is made of wood and has a rectangular cross section and extends in the longitudinal direction of the column material 51, and is fixed to the front surface of the face material 4 by screwing from the back side. And the groove part 11 extended in the longitudinal direction of the pillar material 51 is formed in the surface at the side of the pillar material 51 of the friction material 1, and the both sides (front side and back side) of the groove part 11 become the clamping part 12. FIG. Further, one side of the L-shaped member 22 made of steel and extending in the longitudinal direction of the column member 51 is fixed by screwing to the surface of the column member 51 on the face member 4 side, and the pillar member 51 is parallel to the face member 4. The other side that extends is the plate material 2. The plate material 2 is inserted into the groove portion 11 of the friction material 1 and is sandwiched between both sandwiching portions 12. Furthermore, the long hole 21 extended in the longitudinal direction of the pillar material 51 is formed in the board | plate material 2 similarly to 1st embodiment. And in both clamping parts 12 of the friction material 1, five bolt holes are formed at equal intervals according to the position of the long hole 21 of the plate material 2, and a fastening tool composed of the five bolts 3 is provided. The bolt hole of both clamping parts 12 and the long hole 21 of the plate member 2 are inserted from the back side. A washer 8 is inserted at the tip of the bolt 3 and a nut 34 is screwed and tightened. The bolt head 31 is dish-shaped, and is tightened until it is flush with the surface on the back side of the friction material 1 by tightening the bolt 3. By tightening the bolt 3, the both clamping portions 12 are urged toward each other, and the both clamping portions 12 press the plate material 2 from both sides. As an actual assembling procedure, first, the plate material 2 is inserted into the groove 11 of the friction material 1, the bolt 3 is penetrated and tightened, and finally, this is attached to the face material 4 and the column material 51, respectively.

このように構成した摩擦ダンパの第二実施形態においては、振動により、面材４と柱材５１が相対移動した際に、木製の摩擦材１と鋼製の板材２の間に摩擦力が生じることで、振動を減衰させることができる。また、ボルト３が板材２の長孔２１内を移動できるので、大きな変形にも対応可能であり、その際にはボルト３が長孔２１にガイドされることになるので、面材４と柱材５１が所定方向以外の方向に相対移動することが防がれる。さらに、板材２を摩擦材１の両挟持部１２により挟み込んで締め付ける構成なので、ボルト３による圧締力を調整しやすい。また、施工に際しては、面材４と柱材５１に、それぞれ摩擦材１と板材２（Ｌ字形材２２）を取り付けるだけでよく、作業が容易である。また、ここでは一方部材が面材４、他方部材が軸組５（柱材５１）の場合を例に挙げたが、一方部材と他方部材の形状、構造はどのようなものであってもよい。さらに、摩擦材１と板材２の間に生じる摩擦力を利用するものであるから、一方部材と他方部材の素材や表面状態によらず、適用することができる。そして、この摩擦ダンパの第二実施形態は、建築物に後付けすることも可能である。また、第一実施形態においては、ナット３４がボルト３の先端と面一になるまで締め付けることで、ボルト３の締め付けによる圧締力を管理したが、第二実施形態においては、ボルト頭部３１を摩擦材１の裏側の面と面一になるまでめり込ませることで、同様にボルト３の締め付けによる圧締力を管理している。 In the second embodiment of the friction damper configured as described above, a frictional force is generated between the wooden friction material 1 and the steel plate material 2 when the face material 4 and the column material 51 are relatively moved by vibration. Thus, vibration can be attenuated. Further, since the bolt 3 can move in the long hole 21 of the plate member 2, it is possible to cope with a large deformation. In this case, the bolt 3 is guided by the long hole 21, so that the face material 4 and the column The relative movement of the material 51 in a direction other than the predetermined direction is prevented. Furthermore, since the plate member 2 is sandwiched and tightened by the both sandwiching portions 12 of the friction member 1, the pressing force by the bolt 3 can be easily adjusted. Further, in the construction, it is only necessary to attach the friction material 1 and the plate material 2 (L-shaped material 22) to the face material 4 and the column material 51, respectively, and the work is easy. Moreover, although the case where the one member is the face member 4 and the other member is the shaft assembly 5 (the column member 51) is described here as an example, the shape and structure of the one member and the other member may be any. . Furthermore, since the frictional force generated between the friction material 1 and the plate material 2 is used, it can be applied regardless of the material and surface state of the one member and the other member. The second embodiment of the friction damper can be retrofitted to a building. Further, in the first embodiment, the tightening force by tightening the bolt 3 is managed by tightening until the nut 34 is flush with the tip of the bolt 3, but in the second embodiment, the bolt head 31 is controlled. Is tightened until it is flush with the back surface of the friction material 1, so that the pressing force by tightening the bolt 3 is similarly managed.

次に、摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態について説明する。図４に示すように、摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態は、二つの摩擦材１ａ，１ｂと、締付具３ａを備える。摩擦材１ａ，１ｂは、木製であって、断面矩形で柱材５１の長手方向に延びるものであり、面材４を両側から挟むようにして、柱材５１の面材４側の面にビス打ちして固定してある。また、図５に示すように、面材４には、柱材５１の長手方向に延びる長孔４１を形成してあるが、長孔４１は、両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂに隠れた状態となる。そして、三本のボルト３ａからなる締付具に、座金８および基準めり込み板３２を挿入した上で、両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂおよび面材４の長孔４１を貫通して、表側からねじ込んである。なお、このボルト３ａは、尖った先端とナット状の頭部を有する、いわゆるラグスクリューボルトである。基準めり込み板３２は、矩形鋼板にボルト孔を形成したものであり、座金８よりも小さい。そして、基準めり込み板３２は、ボルト３ａの締め付けにより摩擦材１ａの表側の面と面一になるまでめり込ませてあり、座金８に覆い隠されて外部からは見えない状態となっている。このボルト３ａの締め付けにより、両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂが互いに近づく方向に付勢され、両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂが面材４を両側から押圧する。 Next, a third embodiment of the friction damper will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the third embodiment of the friction damper includes two friction materials 1a and 1b and a fastener 3a. The friction members 1a and 1b are made of wood and have a rectangular cross section and extend in the longitudinal direction of the column member 51. The friction members 1a and 1b are screwed to the surface of the column member 51 on the surface member 4 side so as to sandwich the face member 4 from both sides. Fixed. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the face material 4 is formed with a long hole 41 extending in the longitudinal direction of the column member 51. However, the long hole 41 is hidden by both friction materials 1a and 1b. . Then, after the washer 8 and the reference squeeze plate 32 are inserted into a fastening tool composed of three bolts 3a, the two friction members 1a, 1b and the long holes 41 of the face member 4 are penetrated and screwed from the front side. is there. The bolt 3a is a so-called lag screw bolt having a pointed tip and a nut-shaped head. The reference cut-in plate 32 is a rectangular steel plate formed with a bolt hole, and is smaller than the washer 8. The reference indentation plate 32 is indented until it is flush with the front surface of the friction material 1a by tightening the bolt 3a, and is covered with the washer 8 so that it cannot be seen from the outside. . By tightening the bolt 3a, the friction materials 1a and 1b are urged toward each other, and the friction materials 1a and 1b press the face material 4 from both sides.

このように構成した摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態においては、振動により、面材４と柱材５１が相対移動した際に、木製の摩擦材１ａ，１ｂと木製の面材４の間に摩擦力が生じることで、振動を減衰させることができる。また、ボルト３ａが面材４の長孔４１内を移動できるので、大きな変形にも対応可能である。さらに、面材４を両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂにより挟み込んで締め付ける構成なので、ボルト３ａによる圧締力を調整しやすい。また、施工に際しては、柱材５１に、面材４を挟むようにして摩擦材１ａ，１ｂを取り付けるだけでよく、作業が容易である。また、ここでは一方部材が面材４、他方部材が軸組５（柱材５１）の場合を例に挙げたが、一方部材と他方部材の形状、構造はどのようなものであってもよい。さらに、摩擦材１ａ，１ｂと面材４の間に生じる摩擦力を利用するものであるから、他方部材の素材や表面状態によらず、適用することができる。そして、この摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態は、建築物に後付けすることも可能である。また、第三実施形態においては、基準めり込み板３２を摩擦材１ａの表側の面と面一になるまでめり込ませることで、ボルト３ａの締め付けによる圧締力を管理している。 In the third embodiment of the friction damper configured as described above, when the face material 4 and the column material 51 are relatively moved by vibration, a frictional force is generated between the wooden friction materials 1a and 1b and the wooden face material 4. As a result, vibration can be attenuated. Further, since the bolt 3a can move in the long hole 41 of the face material 4, it can cope with a large deformation. Furthermore, since the face material 4 is sandwiched and tightened between the friction materials 1a and 1b, it is easy to adjust the pressing force by the bolt 3a. Further, at the time of construction, it is only necessary to attach the friction materials 1a, 1b to the pillar material 51 so as to sandwich the face material 4, and the work is easy. Moreover, although the case where the one member is the face member 4 and the other member is the shaft assembly 5 (the column member 51) is described here as an example, the shape and structure of the one member and the other member may be any. . Further, since the frictional force generated between the friction materials 1a, 1b and the face material 4 is used, the present invention can be applied regardless of the material and surface state of the other member. And this 3rd embodiment of a friction damper can also be retrofitted to a building. In the third embodiment, the clamping force by tightening the bolt 3a is managed by fitting the reference penetration plate 32 until it is flush with the front surface of the friction material 1a.

次に、摩擦ダンパの第四実施形態について説明する。図６に示すように、摩擦ダンパの第四実施形態は、二つの摩擦材１ａ，１ｂと、締付具３ｂを備える。摩擦材１ａ，１ｂは、木製であって、断面矩形で柱材５１の長手方向に延びるものであり、面材４を両側から挟むようにして、柱材５１の面材４側の面にビス打ちして固定してある。また、面材４には、第三実施形態と同様に、柱材５１の長手方向に延びる長孔４１を形成してある。そして、三本のボルト３ｂからなる締付具を、両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂおよび面材４の長孔４１を貫通して、表側からねじ込んである。なお、このボルト３ｂは、尖った先端とナット状の頭部を有する、いわゆるラグスクリューボルトであって、頭部側のネジピッチに対して先端側のネジピッチが大きく、かつ頭部側の直径に対して先端側の直径が小さい二段形状のものであり、頭部側と先端側のそれぞれにおいて、螺合する摩擦材１ａ，１ｂの厚さと略同じ長さ分ネジ加工されている。このボルト３ｂを締め付けると、先端側と頭部側のネジピッチの差により、両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂが互いに近づく方向に付勢され、両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂが面材４を両側から押圧する。 Next, a fourth embodiment of the friction damper will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, the fourth embodiment of the friction damper includes two friction materials 1 a and 1 b and a fastener 3 b. The friction members 1a and 1b are made of wood and have a rectangular cross section and extend in the longitudinal direction of the column member 51. The friction members 1a and 1b are screwed to the surface of the column member 51 on the surface member 4 side so as to sandwich the face member 4 from both sides. Fixed. Further, the face material 4 is formed with a long hole 41 extending in the longitudinal direction of the column material 51 as in the third embodiment. And the fastening tool which consists of the three volt | bolts 3b penetrates both the friction materials 1a and 1b and the long hole 41 of the face material 4, and is screwed in from the front side. The bolt 3b is a so-called lag screw bolt having a pointed tip and a nut-shaped head. The screw pitch on the tip side is larger than the screw pitch on the head side, and the diameter on the head side. The tip end side has a small diameter and is threaded to the same length as the thickness of the friction materials 1a and 1b to be screwed on the head side and the tip side. When the bolt 3b is tightened, the friction materials 1a and 1b are urged toward each other due to the difference in screw pitch between the tip side and the head side, and the friction materials 1a and 1b press the face material 4 from both sides.

このように構成した摩擦ダンパの第四実施形態においては、振動により、面材４と柱材５１が相対移動した際に、木製の摩擦材１ａ，１ｂと木製の面材４の間に摩擦力が生じることで、振動を減衰させることができる。また、ボルト３ｂが面材４の長孔４１内を移動できるので、大きな変形にも対応可能である。さらに、面材４を両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂにより挟み込んで締め付ける構成なので、ボルト３ｂによる圧締力を調整しやすい。また、施工に際しては、柱材５１に、面材４を挟むようにして摩擦材１ａ，１ｂを取り付け、摩擦材１ａ，１ｂおよび面材４の長孔４１にボルト３ｂをねじ込むだけでよく、作業が容易である。また、ここでは一方部材が面材４、他方部材が軸組５（柱材５１）の場合を例に挙げたが、一方部材と他方部材の形状、構造はどのようなものであってもよい。さらに、摩擦材１ａ，１ｂと面材４の間に生じる摩擦力を利用するものであるから、他方部材の素材や表面状態によらず、適用することができる。そして、この摩擦ダンパの第四実施形態は、建築物に後付けすることも可能である。また、ボルト３ｂの先端側と頭部側のそれぞれのネジピッチを適宜設定することで、ボルト３ｂの締め付けによる圧締力を管理している。さらに、ボルト３ｂは、先端側の直径が小さいので、頭部側の摩擦材１ａが損傷することがない。すなわち、先端側と頭部側で直径が同じ場合、ボルト３ｂを一方の摩擦材１ａからねじ込んだ際に、この摩擦材１ａには先端側の大きなネジピッチでネジ溝が形成され、ネジピッチの小さい頭部側がしっかりと螺合しなくなってしまうが、直径が異なることにより、先端側が一方の摩擦材１ａを通過した後、頭部側が改めて小さなネジピッチでネジ溝を形成するので、ボルト３ｂを確実に締め付けることができる。また、ボルト３ｂは、頭部側と先端側のそれぞれにおいて、螺合する摩擦材１ａ，１ｂの厚さと略同じ長さ分ネジ加工されているので、安定して大きな摩擦力が得られる。 In the fourth embodiment of the friction damper configured as described above, when the face member 4 and the column member 51 are relatively moved by vibration, a frictional force is generated between the wooden friction members 1a and 1b and the wooden face member 4. As a result, vibration can be attenuated. Further, since the bolt 3b can move in the long hole 41 of the face material 4, it can cope with a large deformation. Further, since the face material 4 is sandwiched and tightened between the friction materials 1a and 1b, it is easy to adjust the pressing force by the bolt 3b. Further, at the time of construction, it is only necessary to attach the friction materials 1a and 1b to the pillar material 51 so as to sandwich the face material 4, and screw the bolts 3b into the long holes 41 of the friction materials 1a and 1b and the face material 4. It is. Moreover, although the case where the one member is the face member 4 and the other member is the shaft assembly 5 (the column member 51) is described here as an example, the shape and structure of the one member and the other member may be any. . Further, since the frictional force generated between the friction materials 1a, 1b and the face material 4 is used, the present invention can be applied regardless of the material and surface state of the other member. And this 4th embodiment of this friction damper can also be retrofitted to a building. Moreover, the clamping force by clamping | tightening of the volt | bolt 3b is managed by setting each screw pitch of the front end side of the volt | bolt 3b, and the head side suitably. Further, since the bolt 3b has a small diameter on the tip side, the friction material 1a on the head side is not damaged. That is, when the tip side and the head side have the same diameter, when the bolt 3b is screwed from one friction material 1a, a screw groove is formed in the friction material 1a with a large screw pitch on the tip side, and the head having a small screw pitch is formed. The part side will not be screwed firmly, but since the tip side passes through one friction material 1a due to the difference in diameter, the head side again forms a screw groove with a small screw pitch, so the bolt 3b is securely tightened. be able to. Further, since the bolt 3b is threaded by the length substantially the same as the thickness of the friction materials 1a and 1b to be screwed on the head side and the tip side, a large frictional force can be stably obtained.

続いて、このように構成した摩擦ダンパについて、繰り返し加振によりせん断試験を行った結果を示す。ここでは、第一実施形態と、第三実施形態について試験を行い、それぞれの変位−荷重関係を図７および図８のグラフに示した。これによれば、何れの実施形態においても、摩擦ダンパ特有の高い剛性と、二次剛性がほとんどない、長方形の安定したループが得られた。 Then, the result of having performed the shear test by the repeated vibration about the friction damper comprised in this way is shown. Here, tests were performed for the first embodiment and the third embodiment, and the respective displacement-load relationships are shown in the graphs of FIGS. According to this, in any of the embodiments, a rectangular stable loop having little rigidity and secondary rigidity peculiar to the friction damper was obtained.

次に、この摩擦ダンパを設けた壁面体について説明する。図９（ａ）に示すのは、摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態を設けた壁面体であり、面材４と、軸組５と、摩擦ダンパ１００を備える。面材４は、木製で矩形の板材であり、軸組５は、左右の柱材５１と、上下の梁材５２を四周枠組みして形成したものあって、軸組５の内周側に面材４を取り付けたものである。なお、面材４と左右の柱材５１の間の隙間は狭くしてあり（たとえば０．５ｍｍ程度）、面材と上下の梁材５２との間の隙間は広くしてある（たとえば。２５ｍｍ程度）。そして、振動としては地震動を想定するものであり、この壁面体が水平方向に加振されると、軸組５が平行四辺形になるように変形して、面材４と軸組５の各辺（柱材５１および梁材５２）は、各辺に沿った方向（柱材５１および梁材５２の長手方向）に相対的に移動する。この際、面材４と左右の柱材５１の間の隙間は狭いので、面材４が回転しようとすると柱材５１に接触して筋交効果が発揮され、左右方向（摩擦ダンパ１００の長孔２１に直交する方向）への変形は規制される。一方、面材４と上下の梁材５２の間の隙間は広いので、上下方向（摩擦ダンパ１００の長孔２１が延びる方向）への変形は許容される。この振動を減衰させるため、面材４の左辺と左側の柱材５１の間および面材４の右辺と右側の柱材５１の間に、摩擦ダンパ１００をそれぞれ三つずつ、等間隔に取り付けてある。図９（ｂ）に示すように、摩擦ダンパ１００の取り付け方は、図１に示した場合と同じであり、面材４が一方部材に相当し、軸組５（柱材５１）が他方部材に相当する。ただし、受材７は、上下に延びる一本（左右二本）の部材となっている。また、軸組５の四周にわたって、面材４の裏側面の端部と柱材５１または梁材５２に当接するように、木製角材からなる連結材９を設けてあって、連結材９を柱材５１または梁材５２に釘打ちして固定してあり、面材４を連結材９に表側から釘打ちして固定してある。そして、面材４の左右方向中央位置において、上下の連結材９の間に、間柱１０を設けてある。この壁面体においては、耐力は摩擦ダンパ１００と連結材９の両方が負担し、減衰効果は主に摩擦ダンパ１００が負担することになるが、図９（ａ）に示すように、面材４を連結材９に固定するための釘本数を最小限にすることで、摩擦ダンパ１００の減衰効果を高めている。そして、この連結材９は、面材４が面外に座屈することを防ぐものであり、また、面材４と軸組５の間の隙間を塞いで気密性を維持するものである。なお、摩擦ダンパ１００の第二実施形態を設けた壁面体においても、同様に連結材９を取り付けることが望ましい。 Next, the wall surface body provided with this friction damper will be described. FIG. 9A shows a wall surface provided with the first embodiment of the friction damper, and includes a face member 4, a shaft assembly 5, and a friction damper 100. The face material 4 is a wooden and rectangular plate material, and the shaft assembly 5 is formed by four-sided frameworks of left and right column members 51 and upper and lower beam members 52, and faces the inner peripheral side of the shaft assembly 5. The material 4 is attached. The gap between the face material 4 and the left and right column members 51 is narrow (for example, about 0.5 mm), and the gap between the face material and the upper and lower beam members 52 is wide (for example, 25 mm). degree). The vibration is assumed to be seismic motion. When this wall body is vibrated in the horizontal direction, the shaft assembly 5 is deformed so as to be a parallelogram, and each of the face material 4 and the shaft assembly 5 is deformed. The sides (the column material 51 and the beam material 52) move relatively in the direction along each side (the longitudinal direction of the column material 51 and the beam material 52). At this time, since the gap between the face member 4 and the left and right column members 51 is narrow, when the face member 4 tries to rotate, the strut effect is exerted by contacting the column member 51, and the left and right direction (the length of the friction damper 100 is increased). Deformation in the direction perpendicular to the hole 21 is restricted. On the other hand, since the gap between the face material 4 and the upper and lower beam members 52 is wide, deformation in the vertical direction (the direction in which the long hole 21 of the friction damper 100 extends) is allowed. In order to attenuate this vibration, three friction dampers 100 are attached at equal intervals between the left side of the face member 4 and the left column member 51 and between the right side of the face member 4 and the right column member 51, respectively. is there. As shown in FIG. 9B, the method of attaching the friction damper 100 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, the face material 4 corresponds to one member, and the shaft assembly 5 (column material 51) is the other member. It corresponds to. However, the receiving material 7 is a single member (two left and right) extending vertically. Further, a connecting member 9 made of wooden square material is provided so as to contact the end of the back side surface of the face member 4 and the column member 51 or the beam member 52 over the four circumferences of the shaft assembly 5. The face material 4 is fixed to the connecting member 9 by nailing from the front side. In addition, a spacer 10 is provided between the upper and lower connecting members 9 at the center position in the left-right direction of the face member 4. In this wall surface body, the proof stress is borne by both the friction damper 100 and the connecting member 9, and the damping effect is mainly borne by the friction damper 100. However, as shown in FIG. The damping effect of the friction damper 100 is enhanced by minimizing the number of nails for fixing the to the connecting member 9. The connecting material 9 prevents the face material 4 from buckling out of the plane, and closes the gap between the face material 4 and the shaft assembly 5 to maintain airtightness. In addition, it is desirable to attach the connection material 9 similarly also in the wall surface body in which the second embodiment of the friction damper 100 is provided.

また、図１０に示すのは、摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態を設けた壁面体である。図９に示した摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態を設けた壁面体と同様の構成であり、面材４と、軸組５（柱材５１および梁材５２）と、摩擦ダンパ１００を備えていて、面材４の左辺と左側の柱材５１の間および面材４の右辺と右側の柱材５１の間に、摩擦ダンパ１００をそれぞれ三つずつ、等間隔に取り付けてある。摩擦ダンパ１００の取り付け方は、図３に示した場合と同じであり、面材４が一方部材に相当し、軸組５（柱材５１）が他方部材に相当する。ただし、摩擦材１ａ，１ｂは、面材４の上端から下端まで延びる部材となっており、さらに、面材４の上辺および下辺にも、同様に摩擦材１ａ，１ｂを設けてある。また、面材４の左右方向中央位置において、上下の摩擦材１ａ，１ｂの間に、間柱１０を設けてある。 FIG. 10 shows a wall surface provided with a third embodiment of the friction damper. The configuration is the same as that of the wall surface provided with the first embodiment of the friction damper shown in FIG. 9, and includes the face material 4, the shaft assembly 5 (column material 51 and beam material 52), and the friction damper 100. Three friction dampers 100 are attached at equal intervals between the left side and the left column 51 of the face member 4 and between the right side and the right column 51 of the face member 4. The method of attaching the friction damper 100 is the same as that shown in FIG. 3, and the face material 4 corresponds to one member, and the shaft assembly 5 (column material 51) corresponds to the other member. However, the friction materials 1a and 1b are members extending from the upper end to the lower end of the face material 4, and the friction materials 1a and 1b are similarly provided on the upper and lower sides of the face material 4. Further, at the center position in the left-right direction of the face material 4, a stud 10 is provided between the upper and lower friction materials 1a, 1b.

このように摩擦ダンパ１００を取り付けた壁面体は、高剛性で高い減衰性能を備える。また、摩擦ダンパの第一実施形態を適用した場合、柱材５１と一体に設けた板材２が、面材４と一体に設けた摩擦材１の両挟持部１２に挟まれる構成となり、摩擦ダンパの第三実施形態を適用した場合、面材４が柱材５１と一体に設けた両摩擦材１ａ，１ｂに挟まれる構成となるので、何れにおいても、振動によりボルト３，３ａが緩んでも面材４が面外方向に外れない。さらに、工場において、面材４と摩擦材１，１ａ，１ｂをセットにして制振面材として製造し、これを現場において軸組５に挿入施工することもできる。 Thus, the wall body to which the friction damper 100 is attached has high rigidity and high damping performance. In addition, when the first embodiment of the friction damper is applied, the plate member 2 provided integrally with the column member 51 is sandwiched between both sandwiching portions 12 of the friction member 1 provided integrally with the face member 4, and the friction damper is provided. When the third embodiment is applied, since the face material 4 is sandwiched between both friction materials 1a and 1b provided integrally with the pillar material 51, in any case, even if the bolts 3 and 3a are loosened due to vibration, the surface The material 4 does not come off in the out-of-plane direction. Furthermore, at the factory, the face material 4 and the friction materials 1, 1a, 1b can be manufactured as a set as a vibration-damping surface material, which can be inserted into the shaft assembly 5 on site.

続いて、このように構成した壁面体について、壁せん断試験を行った結果を示す。ここでは、図９に示した摩擦ダンパ１００の第一実施形態を設けた壁面体と、図１０に示した摩擦ダンパ１００の第三実施形態を設けた壁面体について試験を行った。試験方法は、柱脚固定式で、１／３０ｒａｄ．まで繰り返し加力を行ったあと、１／１５ｒａｄ．まで単調加力を行うものであり、それぞれの見かけのせん断変形角−荷重関係を図１１および図１２のグラフに示した。これによれば、摩擦ダンパ１００の性質を反映して高い剛性を示した。また、図１３に示すように、等価粘性減衰定数は、変形初期から高い値を示し、最大で０．３を超える非常に大きな値が得られた。以上から、本発明の壁面体は、高い剛性を有し、変形初期から大変形に至るまで高い減衰性能を備え、また、１／３０ｒａｄ．を超える大変形においても、ハードニングや耐力の低下がないなど、非常に優れた性能を発揮するものである。 Then, the result of having performed the wall shear test about the wall surface body comprised in this way is shown. Here, the wall surface body provided with the first embodiment of the friction damper 100 shown in FIG. 9 and the wall surface body provided with the third embodiment of the friction damper 100 shown in FIG. 10 were tested. The test method is a fixed column base, 1/30 rad. After repeatedly applying force until 1/15 rad. 11 and 12 show the apparent shear deformation angle-load relationship for each. According to this, high rigidity was shown reflecting the property of the friction damper 100. Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the equivalent viscosity damping constant showed a high value from the initial stage of deformation, and a very large value exceeding 0.3 at the maximum was obtained. From the above, the wall surface body of the present invention has high rigidity, high damping performance from the initial deformation to large deformation, and 1/30 rad. Even at large deformations exceeding 5,000, it exhibits extremely excellent performance such as no hardening or proof stress reduction.

本発明の摩擦ダンパは、さらに異なる構成もとり得るものである。図１５および図１６に示すのは、摩擦ダンパの第五実施形態およびこの摩擦ダンパを設けた壁面体である。第一実施形態〜第四実施形態は、何れも柱が露出する真壁形式のものであったが、第五実施形態は、柱が壁に隠される大壁形式のものである。この第五実施形態は、摩擦材１と、板材２と、締付具３を備える。摩擦材１は、木製であって、断面矩形で柱材５１の長手方向に延びるものであり、面材４の表側の面に裏側からビス打ちして固定してある。そして、摩擦材１の柱材５１側の面には、柱材５１の長手方向に延びる溝部１１を形成してあり、溝部１１の両側（表側と裏側）が、挟持部１２となっている。また、鋼製で柱材５１の長手方向に延びるＬ字形材２２の一辺を柱材５１にビス打ちして固定してあり、柱材５１から面材４と平行に延びる他辺が板材２となっている。板材２は、摩擦材１の溝部１１に挿入されており、両挟持部１２に挟まれている。さらに、板材２には、第一実施形態と同様に、柱材５１の長手方向に延びる長孔２１を形成してある。そして、摩擦材１の両挟持部１２には、板材２の長孔２１の位置に合わせて、等間隔に五つのボルト孔を形成してあり、五本のボルト３からなる締付具が、両挟持部１２のボルト孔および板材２の長孔２１を貫通して、裏側から挿入されており、ボルト３の先端に、座金８を挿入し、さらにナット３４をねじ込んで締め付けてある。ボルト頭部３１は皿形であって、ボルト３の締め付けにより摩擦材１の裏側の面と面一になるまでめり込ませてある。このボルト３の締め付けにより、両挟持部１２が互いに近づく方向に付勢され、両挟持部１２が板材２を両側から押圧する。そして、面材４は、表側の面を柱材５１の裏側の面に当接させ、裏側から釘打ちして固定してある。このように構成した摩擦ダンパの第五実施形態も、高い剛性を有し、この摩擦ダンパ１００を設けた壁面体は、高剛性で高い減衰性能を備える。そしてこのように、この摩擦ダンパは、真壁形式の壁面体と大壁形式の壁面体の何れにも適用することができる。 The friction damper of the present invention can also have a different configuration. FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 show a fifth embodiment of the friction damper and a wall body provided with this friction damper. The first embodiment to the fourth embodiment are all of the true wall type in which the column is exposed, but the fifth embodiment is of the large wall type in which the column is hidden by the wall. The fifth embodiment includes a friction material 1, a plate material 2, and a fastener 3. The friction material 1 is made of wood and has a rectangular cross section and extends in the longitudinal direction of the column material 51, and is fixed to the front surface of the face material 4 by screwing from the back side. And the groove part 11 extended in the longitudinal direction of the pillar material 51 is formed in the surface at the side of the pillar material 51 of the friction material 1, and the both sides (front side and back side) of the groove part 11 become the clamping part 12. FIG. Further, one side of the L-shaped member 22 made of steel and extending in the longitudinal direction of the column member 51 is fixed by screwing to the column member 51, and the other side extending parallel to the face member 4 from the column member 51 is the plate member 2. It has become. The plate material 2 is inserted into the groove portion 11 of the friction material 1 and is sandwiched between both sandwiching portions 12. Furthermore, the long hole 21 extended in the longitudinal direction of the pillar material 51 is formed in the board | plate material 2 similarly to 1st embodiment. And in both clamping parts 12 of the friction material 1, five bolt holes are formed at equal intervals according to the position of the long hole 21 of the plate material 2, and a fastening tool composed of the five bolts 3 is provided. The bolt hole of both clamping parts 12 and the long hole 21 of the plate member 2 are inserted from the back side. A washer 8 is inserted at the tip of the bolt 3 and a nut 34 is screwed and tightened. The bolt head 31 is dish-shaped, and is tightened until it is flush with the surface on the back side of the friction material 1 by tightening the bolt 3. By tightening the bolt 3, the both clamping portions 12 are urged toward each other, and the both clamping portions 12 press the plate material 2 from both sides. The face material 4 is fixed by bringing the front side surface into contact with the back side surface of the column material 51 and nailing from the back side. The fifth embodiment of the friction damper thus configured also has high rigidity, and the wall surface body provided with the friction damper 100 has high rigidity and high damping performance. As described above, the friction damper can be applied to both a true wall type wall body and a large wall type wall body.

また、図１７および図１８に示すのは、摩擦ダンパの第六実施形態およびこの摩擦ダンパを設けた壁面体である。第一実施形態〜第五実施形態は、何れも摩擦材と他方部材（柱材）が別部材のものであったが、第六実施形態は、摩擦材と他方部材が一体となったものである。この第六実施形態が適用される壁面体も、矩形の軸組５の内周側に面材４を取り付けたものであるが、この軸組５は、各辺が、面材４を両側（表側と裏側）から挟む二本の木製の枠材５３からなる。そして、両枠材５３および面材４を貫通するようにして、裏側から釘打ちして固定してあり、さらに、面材４には、左右辺に沿って長孔４１を形成してあり、三本のボルト３ｃからなる締付具を、両枠材５３および面材４の長孔４１を貫通して、表側からねじ込んである。なお、このボルト３ｃは、先端側が小径でネジピッチが大きく、頭部側が大径でネジピッチが小さい二段形状であり、頭部側と先端側のそれぞれにおいて、螺合する枠材５３の厚さと略同じ長さ分ネジ加工されている。また、頭部のナット状部分がない形状のもので、六角ビットなどによりねじ込むものであり、ボルト３ｃが枠材５３に完全に埋め込まれるので、石膏ボードなどの内壁材や、外壁材を施工する際に障害とならない（なお、第一実施形態〜第五実施形態では、ボルトの頭部やナットが突出していても、柱材の内側に納まるので問題ない）。このボルト３ｃの締め付けにより、両枠材５３が互いに近づく方向に付勢され、両枠材５３が面材４を両側から押圧する。よって、枠材５３が摩擦材１としても機能するものであり、摩擦材１が枠材５３と一体に設けてあるとも言い換えられる。このように構成した摩擦ダンパの第六五実施形態も、高い剛性を有し、この摩擦ダンパ１００を設けた壁面体は、高剛性で高い減衰性能を備える。 FIGS. 17 and 18 show a sixth embodiment of the friction damper and a wall body provided with the friction damper. In each of the first to fifth embodiments, the friction material and the other member (column material) are separate members, but in the sixth embodiment, the friction material and the other member are integrated. is there. The wall surface body to which the sixth embodiment is applied is also the one in which the face material 4 is attached to the inner peripheral side of the rectangular shaft set 5, but each side of the shaft set 5 has the face material 4 on both sides ( It consists of two wooden frame members 53 sandwiched from the front side and the back side. And it is fixed by nailing from the back side so as to penetrate both the frame material 53 and the face material 4, and further, the face material 4 is formed with long holes 41 along the left and right sides, A fastening tool composed of three bolts 3 c is screwed from the front side through both the frame members 53 and the long holes 41 of the face material 4. The bolt 3c has a two-stage shape having a small diameter and a large screw pitch on the tip side, a large diameter on the head side and a small screw pitch, and the thickness of the frame member 53 to be screwed on each of the head side and the tip side is substantially the same. Screws are processed for the same length. Moreover, it is a shape without a nut-like part of the head, and is screwed with a hexagonal bit or the like, and the bolt 3c is completely embedded in the frame material 53, so that an inner wall material such as a plaster board or an outer wall material is constructed. (In the first embodiment to the fifth embodiment, there is no problem because the bolt head or nut protrudes inside the pillar material). By tightening the bolt 3c, the two frame members 53 are urged toward each other, and the two frame members 53 press the face member 4 from both sides. Therefore, the frame material 53 also functions as the friction material 1, and it can be said that the friction material 1 is provided integrally with the frame material 53. The sixth embodiment of the friction damper thus configured also has high rigidity, and the wall surface provided with the friction damper 100 has high rigidity and high damping performance.

なお、本発明の摩擦ダンパの耐久性能を向上させるために、木製の摩擦材１の耐摩耗性を高めることが有効である。そのためには、摩擦材１に圧密処理を施すことにより、見かけの比重を高くすればよい。具体的には、摩擦材１を加熱圧縮処理して圧縮木とすることで、耐摩耗性を大きく向上させられる。また、加熱圧縮処理によってめり込み耐力が大きく向上し、ボルト頭部３１程度のめり込み面積でも、十分な圧締力が得られる。さらに別の方法として、摩擦材１の表層を加熱ロールプレスすることで、表層を高比重化し、耐摩耗性を向上させることもできる。図１９は、これらの圧密処理を行った木材と無処理材について、繰り返し加力試験を行い、その際の耐力低下率を比較したグラフである。なお、加熱圧縮処理は、木材の放射方向（年輪の半径方向）に対して行った。これによれば、無処理剤は５０回の繰り返しまでに耐力が急激に低下した。それに対し、加熱ロールプレスを行った木材は、５０回の繰り返し付近まで耐力を維持し、その後徐々に低下した。また、加熱圧縮を行った木材は、１００回以上の繰り返しを経ても耐力が低下しなかった。 In order to improve the durability of the friction damper of the present invention, it is effective to increase the wear resistance of the wooden friction material 1. For this purpose, the apparent specific gravity may be increased by subjecting the friction material 1 to a consolidation treatment. Specifically, wear resistance can be greatly improved by heat-compressing the friction material 1 to obtain a compressed wood. In addition, the heat-resistant compression process greatly improves the penetration strength, and a sufficient clamping force can be obtained even in the area of the bolt head 31 or the like. As another method, the surface layer of the friction material 1 can be heated and pressed to increase the specific gravity of the surface layer and improve the wear resistance. FIG. 19 is a graph comparing the proof strength reduction rates at the time of repeatedly applying a force test on the wood subjected to the consolidation treatment and the untreated material. The heat compression treatment was performed in the radial direction of the wood (radial direction of the annual rings). According to this, the proof stress of the untreated agent rapidly decreased by 50 repetitions. On the other hand, the timber subjected to the heated roll press maintained the proof strength up to the vicinity of 50 repetitions, and then gradually decreased. Moreover, the proof stress did not fall even if the wood which heat-compressed passed 100 times or more.

本発明は、上記の実施形態に限定されない。たとえば、板材または面材を摩擦材によって締め付けるためのボルトの本数は、必要性能に応じて適宜増減できる。また、基準めり込み板やめり込み板は、必要性能に応じて、めり込み面積とめり込み変位が適宜設定されるものであり、各ボルトに一枚ずつ設けるものであってもよいし、一枚の板にボルト孔を複数形成したものであってもよく、何れにおいても、形状は矩形や円形など、どのようなものであってもよい。さらに、第一実施形態、第二実施形態および第五実施形態において、Ｌ字形材の替わりにＴ字形材を用いて板材を構成してもよい。そして、その他各部材の形状は、上記の要件を満たすものである限り、どのようなものであってもよいし、各部材同士の接合には、ビスや釘のほか、接着剤などを用いてもよい。また、この摩擦ダンパが適用される壁面体は、木造のものに限られない。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the number of bolts for fastening the plate material or the face material with the friction material can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the required performance. In addition, the reference indentation plate and the indentation plate are those in which the indentation area and the indentation displacement are appropriately set according to the required performance, and each bolt may be provided one by one. A plurality of bolt holes may be formed, and in any case, the shape may be any shape such as a rectangle or a circle. Furthermore, in 1st embodiment, 2nd embodiment, and 5th embodiment, you may comprise a board | plate material using a T-shaped material instead of an L-shaped material. The shape of each of the other members may be any shape as long as it satisfies the above-mentioned requirements. In addition to screws and nails, an adhesive or the like is used for joining the members. Also good. Moreover, the wall surface body to which the friction damper is applied is not limited to a wooden one.

１，１ａ，１ｂ摩擦材
２板材
３，３ａ，３ｂ，３ｃ締付具（ボルト）
４一方部材（面材）
５他方部材（軸組）
１１溝部
１２挟持部
２１，４１長孔
３１ボルト頭部
３２基準めり込み板
３４ナット
１００摩擦ダンパ 1, 1a, 1b Friction material 2 Plate material 3, 3a, 3b, 3c Fastener (bolt)
4 One side member (face material)
5 Other member (shaft assembly)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Groove part 12 Clamping part 21,41 Long hole 31 Bolt head part 32 Reference inset board 34 Nut 100 Friction damper

Claims

It is interposed between one member and the other member that move relative to each other in a predetermined direction by vibration, and attenuates vibration.
Friction material, plate material, and fasteners,
The friction material is made of wood and is provided integrally with one member, forming a groove portion extending in a predetermined direction, and both sides of the groove portion are sandwiching portions,
The plate material is made of metal, is provided integrally with the other member, has a long hole extending in a predetermined direction, is inserted into the groove portion of the friction material, and is sandwiched between both sandwiching portions,
The fastening tool penetrates both the sandwiched portions of the friction material and the long hole of the plate material, and both the sandwiched portions are tightened in a direction approaching each other, and both the sandwiched portions press the plate material from both sides. Friction damper to do.

It is interposed between one wooden member and the other member that move relative to each other in a predetermined direction by vibration, and attenuates vibration.
Two friction materials, a fastener, and a long hole extending in the longitudinal direction formed in one member,
Both friction materials are made of wood and provided integrally with the other member so as to sandwich one member.
The fastening tool penetrates through the long holes of both friction materials and one member, tightens both friction materials in a direction approaching each other, and both friction materials press one member from both sides. Friction damper.

The fastener is a bolt, and the bolt is tightened so that the bolt head or the reference indentation plate passed through the bolt is flush with the friction material, or the tip of the bolt is screwed into the bolt The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein the friction damper is tightened until it is flush with the nut.

The fastening tool is a bolt, and the bolt has a two-stage shape with a larger screw pitch and a smaller diameter on the tip side than the head side, and the friction that is screwed on each of the head side and the tip side. 3. The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein the friction damper is threaded by a length substantially the same as the thickness of the material.

5. The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein the friction material is subjected to a consolidation treatment.

One member comprising a face material, the other member comprising a rectangular shaft set, and the friction damper according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,
A wall member, wherein one member is provided on the inner peripheral side of the other member, and a friction damper is provided between the one member and the other member with a gap in the circumferential direction.