JP7285186B2 - friction damper - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a friction damper applied to a vibration damping structure of a building.

A friction damper attenuates vibration by sliding friction between two members connected to a structure that relatively moves when a building structure relatively moves due to an earthquake. Friction dampers are described, for example, in Patent Documents 1-3. The friction damper described in Patent Document 1 is composed of two plate-like elements, and damps vibrations by sliding friction between the two plate-like elements. Here, the two plate-like elements are fastened by bolts and nuts, and one plate-like element slides on the other plate-like element and slides on the washer.

An example of the friction damper described in Patent Document 2 is composed of two plate-shaped elements, one of which slides on the other plate-shaped element and slides on a steel plate. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 describes that both surfaces of one plate-like element are sandwiched by a pair of sandwiching elements to generate sliding friction on both surfaces of one plate-like element. Similarly to Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3 also describes two types of aspects.

JP-A-7-180397 JP 2006-258225 A JP 2012-102809 A

Here, as described in Patent Documents 2 and 3, two friction materials are required when each of the pair of clamping elements that clamp both sides of the plate-like element functions as a friction material. Friction materials are generally expensive, so having two friction materials makes the friction damper very expensive.

On the other hand, as described in each of Patent Documents 1 to 3, there is a configuration in which only one side of the plate-like element slides on the friction material, instead of the configuration in which both sides of the plate-like element are sandwiched by the friction material. By doing so, the cost of the friction damper can be reduced. Here, in these friction dampers, the other surface of the plate-like element is configured to slide against the washer.

In general, since the coefficient of friction between steel materials is high, the frictional force generated on the sliding surface between the washer and the plate-like element increases. If the frictional force on the sliding surface between the washer and the plate-shaped element increases, the friction material and the plate-shaped element cannot slide stably during operation of the friction damper. As a result, the damper characteristics (performance) may become unstable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction damper capable of exhibiting stable damping characteristics (performance) while achieving cost reduction.

A friction damper according to the present invention is a friction damper applied to a vibration damping structure of a building, comprising a plate-shaped element, a first clamping element slidable on one side of the plate-shaped element, and the plate-shaped a clamping element comprising a second clamping element slidable to the other side of the element and moving integrally with the first clamping element; and fastening the first clamping element and the second clamping element, a fastening element for clamping the plate-like element between one clamping element and the second clamping element;

The coefficient of friction between the one surface of the plate-shaped element and the first holding element is greater than the coefficient of friction between the other surface of the plate-shaped element and the second holding element. The sliding between the surface and the first clamping element produces a greater friction damping effect than the sliding between the other surface of the plate-like element and the second clamping element.

In other words, the frictional damping effect increases in the sliding between the one surface of the plate-like element having a large coefficient of friction and the first clamping element. On the other hand, the friction damping effect is small in sliding between the other surface of the plate-like element having a small coefficient of friction and the second clamping element. Therefore, the sliding surface between one surface of the plate-like element and the first clamping element functions as a friction damping surface. Then, one surface of the plate-like element and one of the first clamping elements may function as a friction material.

The other surface of the plate-shaped element and the second clamping element need not function as friction damping surfaces. Therefore, the other side of the plate-like element and the second clamping element can be made of low-cost materials. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction between the other surface of the plate-shaped element and the second clamping element is small. Therefore, the sliding between the other surface of the plate-shaped element and the second clamping element can reduce the influence of sliding between the one surface of the plate-shaped element and the first clamping element on the friction damping action. Therefore, one surface of the plate-like element functioning as a friction damping action surface and the first clamping element can slide stably. As a result, stable damping characteristics (performance) can be exhibited during operation of the friction damper.

As described above, one side of the plate-shaped element and one of the first clamping elements are used to form the friction damping surface, which can be expensive, and the sliding between the one side of the plate-shaped element and the first clamping element is stabilized. be able to. Therefore, the friction damper described above is inexpensive and can exhibit stable damping characteristics (performance).

An example of the object to which the friction damper is applied is shown, showing a structure in which a K-type brace is applied to a column-to-beam frame structure. 1 is a front view of a basic configuration of a friction damper; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2; FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view along IV-IV in FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the surface pressure of the friction acting surface; FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the surface pressure of the friction acting surface; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper of the first example (the cross section corresponding to FIG. 4); FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper of the second example (the cross section corresponding to FIG. 4); 5 is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper of the third example (the cross section corresponding to FIG. 4); FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a friction damper of a fourth example (the cross section corresponding to FIG. 4); FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper of the fifth example (the cross section corresponding to FIG. 4); FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper of the sixth example (the cross section corresponding to FIG. 4); FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper of the seventh example (the cross section corresponding to FIG. 3); FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper of the seventh example (the cross section corresponding to FIG. 4); FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the friction damper of the eighth example (the cross section corresponding to FIG. 4);

(1. Subject to application)
Friction dampers are applied to damping structures of buildings. Unlike a viscoelastic damper, which absorbs seismic energy due to shear deformation of a viscoelastic body, a friction damper absorbs seismic energy caused by an earthquake by friction caused by sliding motions of relatively moving members. Here, the friction damper is effective in that it does not depend on temperature or speed unlike the viscoelastic damper.

The friction damper can be applied to any part of the building structure. Friction dampers can be placed in column-beam frame structures, floor structures, between foundations and structures, and the like. Friction dampers include, for example, a structure that is connected to a brace in a beam-column frame structure, a structure that is connected to a joint of a beam-column frame, and the like. The friction dampers connected to the braces are of the brace type that constitutes part of the brace, the shear link type that connects the intersection of the K-type brace and the beam-to-column joint, and the toggle type that connects the middle of the brace to the beam-to-column frame. etc.

The brace type includes the intermediate part of the N-type brace that connects the beam-to-column joints located on the diagonal of the beam-to-column frame, the end part of the N-type brace, and the connection part of the intersection of the K-type brace and the column or beam. be

(2. Application example of friction damper 20)
In this example, the friction damper 20 will be described with reference to FIG. 1, taking as an example a case where the friction damper 20 is applied to a K-type brace among brace types. However, the friction damper 20 is substantially equally applicable to other structures.

As shown in FIG. 1, the structure 10 to which the friction damper 20 is applied has a post-beam frame. That is, the structure 10 includes a pair of pillars 11 and 12 and a pair of beams 13 and 14 that span the upper and lower ends of the pair of pillars 11 and 12 . Additionally, structure 10 includes a K-bracing. That is, the structure 10 includes a first brace 15 connecting the intermediate portion of the column 11 and the joint portion between the column 12 and the beam 13, and a second brace connecting the intermediate portion of the column 11 and the joint portion between the column 12 and the beam 14. A brace 16 is provided.

The friction damper 20 connects the intersection of the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 and the intermediate portion of the column 11 . Specifically, the friction damper 20 comprises a plate-like element 30 and a clamping element 40 . The plate-like element 30 is connected to one member of the two members that move relatively, and the clamping element 40 is connected to the other member of the two members that move relatively.

In FIG. 1 the plate element 30 is connected to the middle part of the column 11 and the clamping element 40 is connected to the end of the first brace 15 and the end of the second brace 16 . However, the plate element 30 may be connected to the end of the first brace 15 and the end of the second brace 16 and the clamping element 40 may be connected to the middle part of the column 11 .

The plate-like element 30 has a plate-like portion at least partially. The sandwiching element 40 has a structure that sandwiches the plate-like element 30 from both sides. The clamping element 40 comprises a first clamping element slidable on one side of the plate-like element 30 and a second clamping element slidable on the other side of the plate-like element 30 . The first clamping element and the second clamping element move together.

In other words, when vibrational energy occurs, the plate element 30 moves with the column 11 and the clamping element 40 moves with the end of the first brace 15 and the end of the second brace 16, thereby The shape element 30 and the clamping element 40 move relative to each other. Vibrational energy is absorbed by the friction between the plate-shaped element 30 and the clamping element 40 due to the sliding motion.

Here, the frictional force between the plate-shaped element 30 and the clamping element 40 is determined by the coefficient of friction on the sliding surface and the pressing force in the direction normal to the surface. The plate-shaped element 30 and the clamping element 40 are fastened by a fastening member (described later), and the pressing force in the planar direction is adjusted by adjusting the fastening force of the fastening member. That is, the frictional force is adjusted by the coefficient of friction on the sliding surface and the fastening force of the fastening member.

Friction damper 20 further comprises a fastening element 50 . The fastening element 50 fastens the clamping element 40 and clamps the plate-like element 30 with the clamping element 40 . The fastening element 50 is composed of, for example, a bolt and a nut.

(3. Basic Configuration of Friction Damper 20)
A basic configuration of the friction damper 20 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. FIG. The friction damper 20 comprises a plate-like element 30 , a clamping element 40 and a fastening element 50 .

The plate-like element 30 is connected to one of two members of the building structure that relatively move due to vibration. The plate-like element 30 has plate-like portions that can be sandwiched from both sides, as shown in FIG. The plate-like element 30 is, for example, T-shaped. The plate-like element 30 has a T-shaped top portion 31 and a T-shaped drooping portion 32 extending from the top portion 31 in the direction normal to the plane. However, the plate-like element 30 may have a flat plate shape, or may have any shape. The plate-like element 30 should have at least a portion corresponding to the T-shaped hanging portion 32 .

Here, the plate-like element 30 may be formed in a T shape by one member, or may be formed in a T shape by fixing a plurality of members. For example, the plate-shaped element 30 can be formed in a T shape by joining two L-shaped plate members.

A T-shaped top 31 of the plate-like element 30 is fixed, for example, to the middle part of the post 11 (shown in FIG. 1). For example, the plate-like element 30 and the column 11 are fixed by bolts, screws, nails, welding, or the like. Both sides of the T-shaped hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 constitute frictional surfaces. In this example, the plate-like element 30 has a slot 32 a parallel to the column 11 formed in the hanging portion 32 . In this example, the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 is formed with one elongated hole 32a. The elongated holes 32 a have the function of regulating the direction in which the clamping element 40 is moved relative to the plate-like element 30 .

The clamping element 40 is connected to the other member of the two members of the building structure that relatively move due to vibration. In this example, the clamping element 40 is connected, for example, to the ends of the first brace 15 (shown in FIG. 1) and the ends of the second brace 16 (shown in FIG. 1). The clamping element 40 moves relative to the plate-like element 30 . In this example, the clamping element 40 relatively moves in the vertical direction in FIGS.

The clamping element 40 includes a first clamping element 41 slidable on one side of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and a second clamping element 41 slidable on the other side of the hanging portion 32, as shown in FIGS. two clamping elements 42; That is, the surface of the first holding element 41 on the one side side of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 constitutes a friction action surface. Further, the surface of the second holding element 42 on the other surface side of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 constitutes a friction action surface. The first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 can be of any shape, such as rectangular, circular, or the like.

Here, although FIGS. 2 to 4 show the case where the clamping element 40 is composed of the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42, other elements may be provided. For example, clamping element 40 may comprise a member arranged over first clamping element 41 . For example, members arranged in an overlapping manner include flat plates, washers, and the like. Similarly, the clamping element 40 may comprise a member arranged over the second clamping element 42 .

Also, the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 move integrally. At least one of the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 is directly or indirectly connected to the end of the first brace 15 and the end of the second brace 16 . That is, the first clamping element 41 may be connected to the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 directly or indirectly via another member. Also, the second clamping element 42 may be connected to the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 directly or indirectly via another member. Furthermore, the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 may be connected to the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 directly or indirectly via another member. 2-4 show the case where the first clamping element 41 is directly connected to the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 .

Two through holes (round holes) are coaxially formed in each of the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 . The through holes are located at positions corresponding to the elongated holes 32 a of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 . The shaft portion of the bolt is inserted through the through hole. Alternatively, the first clamping element 41 may be two separate members each having one through hole. The same is true for the second clamping element 42 .

Furthermore, the friction damper 20 comprises a fastening element 50 . The fastening element 50 fastens the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 , and clamps the plate-like element 30 between the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 . The fastening force of the fastening element 50 matches the force with which the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 sandwich the plate-like element 30 . That is, the fastening element 50 can adjust the clamping force, that is, the pressing force generated on the friction action surface.

The fastening element 50 is configured by a bolt 51 and a nut 52, for example. In this example, the fastening element 50 is composed of a pair of bolts 51 and a pair of nuts 52 . Axial portions of the pair of bolts 51 are inserted through the through holes of the first clamping element 41 and the through holes of the second clamping element 42 as well as through the elongated holes 32 a of the plate-like element 30 . The head of the bolt 51 contacts one of the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 , and the nut 52 contacts the other of the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 . In this example, the head of the bolt 51 abuts the first clamping element 41 and the nut 52 abuts the second clamping element 42 as an example. However, the fastening element 50 may adopt a configuration other than the bolt 51 and the nut 52 as long as the fastening force can be adjusted.

The coefficient of friction between one surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the first clamping element 41 is greater than the coefficient of friction between the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-shaped element 30 and the second clamping element 42 . Here, in the first friction acting surface A between the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the first clamping element 41, either one of the two may function as a friction material (high friction material). That is, one surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 may function as a friction material, or the first clamping element 41 may function as a friction material. Friction material means a material that can effectively convert kinetic energy due to sliding into thermal energy due to friction.

As the friction material, materials used for brake pads of vehicles, such as resin mold materials and sintered materials, can be applied. Also, as the friction material, it is possible to apply a member obtained by applying a surface treatment to the sliding surface of a metal material such as steel or stainless steel. The surface treatment includes, for example, application of paint for functioning as a friction material.

On the other hand, on the second friction action surface B between the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the second clamping element 42, the coefficient of friction is smaller than that on the first clamping element 41 side. For example, the coefficient of friction on the first friction acting surface A between one surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the first clamping element 41 is the same as the coefficient of friction between the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-shaped element 30 and the second clamping element 42 . 2 times or more, preferably 2.5 times or more of the coefficient of friction of the second friction acting surface B. For example, the former member functioning as a high-friction material has a greater coefficient of friction with respect to a predetermined metal than the latter member functioning as a low-friction material with respect to the predetermined metal. The predetermined metal is, for example, a metal containing iron as a main component, such as steel, a surface-treated steel base material, stainless steel, or a surface-treated stainless steel base material. The surface treatment here includes, for example, treatment for enhancing wear resistance. The predetermined metal may be iron, which is used as a general reference.

That is, the frictional force generated on the second friction acting surface B between the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the second holding element 42 is reduced. In other words, the second friction acting surface B constitutes a low-friction sliding surface.

Here, in the second friction acting surface B between the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the second holding element 42, either one of the two may function as a low-friction material. That is, the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 may function as a low friction material, or the second holding element 42 may function as a low friction material. A low-friction material means a material having a small coefficient of friction (a material having a small sliding resistance) on the second friction acting surface B. As the low-friction material, it is also possible to apply a member obtained by applying a surface treatment to the sliding surface of a metal member such as steel or stainless steel.

Also, the second clamping element 42 may have the same external shape as the first clamping element 41 or may have a smaller external shape than the first clamping element 41 . The second clamping element 42 can be, for example, rectangular plate-shaped. Furthermore, the second clamping element 42 can also apply a washer with surface treatment as a low-friction material.

(4. Effect of Basic Structure of Friction Damper 20)
As described above, the frictional damping effect increases in the sliding between the one surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 having a large coefficient of friction and the first clamping element 41 . On the other hand, the frictional damping effect is small in the sliding between the second holding element 42 and the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 having a small coefficient of friction. Therefore, a sliding surface (first friction acting surface A) between one surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the first clamping element 41 functions as a friction damping surface. One surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and one of the first clamping elements 41 may function as a friction material.

The other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the second clamping element 42 need not function as friction damping surfaces. Therefore, the other side of the depending portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the second clamping element 42 can be made of low-cost materials. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction between the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the second clamping element 42 is small. Therefore, the sliding between the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-shaped element 30 and the second clamping element 42 has a small effect on the friction damping effect due to the sliding between the one surface of the hanging portion 32 and the first clamping element 41. can. Therefore, one surface of the plate-like element 30, which functions as a friction damping action surface, and the first clamping element 41 can slide stably. As a result, stable damping characteristics (performance) can be exhibited during operation of the friction damper 20 .

As described above, one side of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and one side of the first clamping element 41 are used to form the friction damping action surface which can be expensive, and one side of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 is used. and the sliding of the first clamping element 41 can be stabilized. Therefore, the friction damper 20 described above is inexpensive and can exhibit stable damping characteristics (performance).

(6. Surface pressure on frictional surface)
The surface pressure on the friction acting surface will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 and 6 differ in the size of the outer shape of the first clamping element 41 . In the first clamping element 41, the width in the cross section shown in FIG. 5 is W1, and the width in the cross section shown in FIG. 6 is W2 (<W1). The thickness of the first clamping element 41 is the same in FIGS. 5 and 6 .

The head of the bolt 51 exerts a pressing force on the first friction action surface A between one surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the first clamping element 41 . In this case, the range extending by an angle of 45° from the outer peripheral edge of the head of the bolt 51 is the maximum surface on which the pressing force acts. In the cross sections of FIGS. 5 and 6, P is the maximum width of the first friction acting surface A on which the pressing force can act.

In FIG. 5, the width W1 of the first clamping element 41 is greater than the width P of the maximum surface on which the pressing force can act. Therefore, since the pressing force acts on the entire range of P, the surface pressure is reduced. On the other hand, in FIG. 6, the width W2 of the first clamping element 41 is smaller than the maximum width P of the surface on which the pressing force can act. Therefore, the pressing force does not act on the entire range of P, and the pressing force acts only on the range of the width W2 of the first clamping element 41 . Therefore, the surface pressure increases.

As described above, in order to reduce the surface pressure of the first friction acting surface A, the outer shape of the first clamping element 41 should be made larger than the outer shape of the head of the bolt 51 . In particular, the contact pressure can be minimized by having the first clamping element 41 have an outer shape that extends beyond the range of 45° from the head of the bolt 51 .

Furthermore, by increasing the distance between the head of the bolt 51 and one surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30, the range that spreads from the head of the bolt 51 by an angle of 45° can be increased. That is, by increasing the thickness of the first holding element 41, the surface pressure can be further reduced.

Here, the same applies to the surface pressure on the second friction acting surface B between the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the second holding element 42 . That is, the outer shape of the second clamping element 42 should be larger than the outer shape of the nut 52 . In particular, the contact pressure can be minimized by having the second clamping element 42 have an outer shape that extends beyond the range of 45° from the head of the nut 52 .

However, the frictional force on the first frictional surface A is greater than the frictional force on the second frictional surface B. Therefore, the thicknesses of the first clamping element 41 and the second clamping element 42 may be set according to their respective frictional forces. That is, the distance between one surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the bolt 51 should be larger than the distance between the other surface of the hanging portion 32 of the plate-like element 30 and the nut 52 . Thereby, the surface pressure on each friction action surface can be made sufficiently small. It should be noted that the positions of the bolt 51 and the nut 52 can be exchanged, and in that case, the same is true.

(7. Specific Configuration of Friction Damper)
Configurations obtained by individually embodying the basic configuration of the friction damper 20 described above will be described below.

(7-1. Friction damper 100 of first example)
A friction damper 100 of a first example will be described with reference to FIG. The friction damper 100 comprises a plate-like element 130 , a clamping element 140 and a fastening element 150 . The plate-like element 130 is formed in a T shape, for example, from steel or stainless steel.

The plate-like element 130 has a T-shaped top portion 131 fixed to the pillar 11 and a hanging portion 132 extending from the top portion 131 in the surface normal direction. Both surfaces of the hanging portion 132 may be made of different materials or may be made of the same material. A long hole 132 a is formed in the hanging portion 132 .

The clamping element 140 comprises a first clamping element 141 , a second clamping element 142 , a first bracket 143 , an auxiliary plate 144 , a first washer 145 and a second washer 146 . The first holding element 141 is formed in the shape of a rectangular flat plate, and is slidably arranged on one surface of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-shaped element 130 . The first clamping element 141 is made of a material that functions as a friction material (high friction material). Furthermore, two through holes (round holes) are formed in the first clamping element 141 .

The second holding element 142 is formed in the shape of a rectangular flat plate, and is slidably arranged on the other side of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-shaped element 130 . The outer shape of the second clamping element 142 is formed slightly smaller than the outer shape of the first clamping element 141 . That is, the area of the sliding surface of the second holding element 142 with the other surface of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-shaped element 130 is the same as the sliding surface of the first holding element 141 with the one surface of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-shaped element 130 . smaller than the area of The second clamping element 142 is made of a material different from that of the first clamping element 141, such as steel or stainless steel. Two through holes (round holes) are formed in the second clamping element 142 .

Further, the sliding surface of the second holding element 142 with the hanging portion 132 is subjected to surface treatment to reduce the coefficient of friction. Specifically, the coefficient of friction of the first clamping element 141 with respect to the predetermined metal is relatively large, and the coefficient of friction of the second clamping element 142 with respect to the predetermined metal is relatively small. The predetermined metal is, for example, as described above. Furthermore, the first holding element 141 has a relatively large coefficient of friction with respect to the material of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-shaped element 130, and the second holding element 142 has a relatively large coefficient of friction with respect to the material of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-shaped element 130. to small. That is, the coefficient of friction between the first holding element 141 and one surface of the hanging portion 132 is greater than the coefficient of friction between the second holding element 142 and the other surface of the hanging portion 132 .

The first bracket 143 is made of metal such as steel or stainless steel. The first bracket 143 is formed of a member separate from the first clamping element 141 and the second clamping element 142 . The first bracket 143 is arranged to overlap the surface of the first clamping element 141 opposite to the hanging portion 132 . Furthermore, the first bracket 143 is non-adherently superimposed on the first clamping element 141 . Furthermore, the first bracket 143 is formed with two through holes (round holes). The first bracket 143 is connected to the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 (connected members).

The auxiliary plate 144 is arranged to overlap the surface of the first bracket 143 opposite to the first clamping element 141 . The auxiliary plate 144 has the same outer shape as the first clamping element 141 . The auxiliary plate 144 is made of metal such as steel or stainless steel. Two through holes (round holes) are formed in the auxiliary plate 144 .

The first washer 145 is stacked on the surface of the auxiliary plate 144 opposite to the first bracket 143 . The first washer 145 is formed in an annular plate shape. That is, on one side of the hanging portion 132, the first clamping element 141, the first bracket 143, the auxiliary plate 144 and the first washer 145 are arranged in an overlapping manner. A second washer 146 is disposed over the second clamping element 142 on the opposite side of the depending portion 132 . The second washer 146 is formed in an annular plate shape. That is, the second holding element 142 and the second washer 146 are stacked on the other surface of the hanging portion 132 .

The fastening element 150 is composed of a bolt 151 and a nut 152, for example. The head of the bolt 151 contacts the first washer 145 . A shaft portion of the bolt 151 is inserted through each through hole of the first washer 145, the auxiliary plate 144, the first bracket 143, and the first clamping element 141, and further through the elongated hole 132a of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-like element 130. and through the through holes of the second clamping element 142 and the second washer 146 . A nut 152 is screwed onto the shaft of the bolt 151 and comes into contact with the second washer 146 .

On one surface of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-shaped element 130, in addition to the first holding element 141, a first bracket 143, an auxiliary plate 144 and a first washer 145 are superimposed as separate members from the first holding element 141. are placed. Therefore, the distance between the head of the bolt 151 and one surface of the hanging portion 132 can be increased while making the first holding element 141 thin and compact. As a result, by making the first holding element 141 thin and small, the surface pressure on the first friction acting surface A can be reduced while achieving cost reduction.

Also, the first bracket 143 , the auxiliary plate 144 and the first washer 145 are integrated with the first clamping element 141 by the fastening force of the fastening element 150 . That is, the fastening element 150 clamps the first bracket 143 , the auxiliary plate 144 , the first washer 145 and the second washer 146 together with the first clamping element 141 and the second clamping element 142 . Therefore, since the first bracket 143, the auxiliary plate 144, the first washer 145 and the second washer 146 are independent members, they can be easily molded.

However, the first bracket 143 may be integrated with the first clamping element 141 by adhesion. In this case, the first clamping element 141 and the first bracket 143 can operate stably when the hanging portion 132 of the plate-like element 130 and the clamping element 140 slide. Therefore, the friction damping performance can be reliably exhibited.

Also, the auxiliary plate 144 can be the same member as the second clamping element 142 . That is, it is possible to reduce the types of parts. As a result, cost reduction can be achieved. Furthermore, the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 that are connected members are connected only to the first bracket 143 . That is, the member arranged on the other surface of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-like element 130 is not connected to the first brace 15 and the second brace 16, which are connected members. That is, the connecting structure is simple. Thereby, cost reduction can be achieved.

(7-2. Second example friction damper 200)
A friction damper 200 of a second example will be described with reference to FIG. In the friction damper 200 of the second example, the same components as those of the friction damper 100 (shown in FIG. 7) of the first example are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

The friction damper 200 of the second example comprises a plate-like element 130 , a clamping element 240 and a fastening element 150 . The friction damper 200 of the second example differs from the friction damper 100 of the first example in that the first bracket 243 is different and the auxiliary plate 144 is not provided. The first bracket 243 is thicker than the first bracket 143 in the first example because it does not include the auxiliary plate 144 . A first washer 145 abuts the first bracket 243 . In this case, since the auxiliary plate 144 is not provided, the number of parts can be reduced, and in this respect, the cost can be reduced.

(7-3. Friction damper 300 of third example)
A friction damper 300 of a third example will be described with reference to FIG. In the friction damper 300 of the third example, the same components as those of the friction damper 100 (shown in FIG. 7) of the first example are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

The friction damper 300 of the third example comprises a plate-like element 130 , a clamping element 340 and a fastening element 150 . The friction damper 300 of the third example differs from the friction damper 100 of the first example in that the first clamping element 341 also serves as the first bracket and does not include the auxiliary plate 144 . The first clamping element 341 doubles as the first clamping element 141 and the first bracket 143 in the first example.

That is, in the third example, the first clamping element 341 has a sliding portion 341a slidably provided on one surface of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-like element 130, and the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 concatenated. Here, the sliding portion 341a is formed by subjecting the sliding surface portion of the first clamping element 341 to the hanging portion 132 to surface treatment. For example, a coating that functions as a friction material (high friction material) is applied to the relevant portion of the first holding element 341 . Accordingly, in addition to not having the auxiliary plate 144, the first clamping element 341 also functions as the first bracket, so that the number of parts can be reduced and the cost can be further reduced.

(7-4. Friction damper 400 of fourth example)
A friction damper 400 of a fourth example will be described with reference to FIG. In the friction damper 400 of the fourth example, the same components as those of the friction damper 100 (shown in FIG. 7) of the first example are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

The friction damper 400 of the fourth example comprises a plate-like element 130 , a clamping element 440 and a fastening element 150 . The friction damper 400 of the fourth example differs from the friction damper 100 of the first example in that it further has a second bracket 447 . The second bracket 447 is made of metal such as steel or stainless steel. The second bracket 447 is formed of a member separate from the second clamping element 142 . The second bracket 447 is arranged to overlap the surface of the second clamping element 142 opposite to the hanging portion 132 . Further, the second bracket 447 is non-adherently superimposed on the second clamping element 142 . However, the second bracket 447 may be integrated with the second clamping element 142 by adhesion. Furthermore, two through holes (round holes) are formed in the second bracket 447 . The second bracket 447 is connected to the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 (connected members). Furthermore, the second bracket 447 can be the same member as the first bracket 143 .

The second washer 146 is disposed on the opposite side of the second bracket 447 from the second clamping element 142 . That is, the second holding element 142, the second bracket 447, and the second washer 146 are stacked on the other surface of the hanging portion 132. As shown in FIG.

The shaft portion of the bolt 151 that constitutes the fastening element 150 is inserted through each through-hole of the first washer 145, the auxiliary plate 144, the first bracket 143, and the first clamping element 141, and the hanging portion 132 of the plate-like element 130 , and through holes of the second clamping element 142, the second bracket 447, and the second washer 146. A nut 152 is screwed onto the shaft of the bolt 151 and comes into contact with the second washer 146 .

In this case, the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 are sandwiched between the first bracket 143 and the second bracket 447 . Therefore, when the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 move relative to the column 11 , the friction between the hanging portion 132 of the plate-like element 130 and the first clamping element 141 and the hanging portion of the plate-like element 130 . Friction between 132 and the second clamping element 142 can be effectively generated.

(7-5. Fifth example friction damper 500)
A friction damper 500 of a fifth example will be described with reference to FIG. In the friction damper 500 of the fifth example, the same components as those of the friction damper 200 of the second example (shown in FIG. 8) and the friction damper 400 of the fourth example (shown in FIG. 10) are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. do.

The friction damper 500 of the fifth example comprises a plate-like element 130 , a clamping element 540 and a fastening element 150 . The friction damper 500 of the fifth example differs from the friction damper 400 of the fourth example in that the first bracket 243 is different and the auxiliary plate 144 is not provided. This difference is the same as the difference between the friction damper 100 of the first example and the friction damper 200 of the second example. Furthermore, the second bracket 547 can be the same member as the first bracket 243 .

(7-6. Friction damper 600 of sixth example)
A friction damper 600 of a sixth example will be described with reference to FIG. In the friction damper 600 of the sixth example, the same components as those of the friction damper 200 of the second example (shown in FIG. 8) and the friction damper 400 of the fourth example (shown in FIG. 10) are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. do.

The friction damper 600 of the sixth example comprises a plate-like element 130 , a clamping element 640 and a fastening element 150 . The friction damper 600 of the sixth example differs from the friction damper 400 of the fourth example in that the first clamping element 341 also serves as the first bracket and does not include the auxiliary plate 144 . Furthermore, the friction damper 600 of the sixth example differs from the friction damper 400 of the fourth example in that the second clamping element 642 also serves as the second bracket.

The first clamping element 341 doubles as the first clamping element 141 and the first bracket 143 in the third example. The first pinching element 341 is similar to the first pinching element 341 in the friction damper 300 of the third example.

Furthermore, the second clamping element 642 doubles as the second clamping element 142 and the second bracket 447 in the third example. That is, in the sixth example, the second holding element 642 has a sliding portion 642a slidably provided on the other surface of the hanging portion 132 of the plate-like element 130, and the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 concatenated. Here, the sliding portion 642a is formed by subjecting the portion of the sliding surface of the second clamping element 642 to the hanging portion 132 to a surface treatment. For example, the portion of the second clamping element 642 is coated with a coating that functions as a low-friction material. As a result, the second clamping element 642 also functions as the second bracket, so that the number of parts can be reduced and the cost can be further reduced.

(7-7. Friction damper 700 of the seventh example)
A friction damper 700 of a seventh example will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. FIG. In the friction damper 700 of the seventh example, the same components as those of the friction damper 100 (shown in FIG. 7) of the first example are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

The friction damper 700 of the seventh example comprises a plate-like element 730 , a clamping element 740 and a fastening element 150 . The friction damper 700 of the seventh example differs from the friction damper 100 of the first example in the plate-shaped element 730 and the first clamping element 741 . In the first example, the first clamping element 141 functions as a friction material (high friction material), whereas in the seventh example the plate-like element 730 functions as a friction material (high friction material).

The plate-like element 730 includes a T-shaped top portion 731 fixed to the column 11, a hanging portion 732 extending from the top portion 731 in the surface normal direction, a sliding member 733 fixed to one surface of the hanging portion 732, and a fastening element 734 . The top portion 731 and the hanging portion 732 are formed in the same manner as the top portion 131 and the hanging portion 132 of the first example. That is, the hanging portion 732 is formed with a long hole 732a.

The sliding member 733 is made of a material that functions as a friction material (high friction material). Furthermore, the sliding member 733 is formed in the same shape as the hanging portion 732 . The sliding member 733 is formed with an elongated hole 733a similar to the elongated hole 732a of the hanging portion 732 . The other surface of the hanging portion 732 is surface-treated to reduce the coefficient of friction. A fastening element 734 then fastens the hanging portion 732 and the sliding member 733 . The fastening elements 734 are, for example, bolts and nuts, but other configurations can be used.

The first clamping element 741 also serves as a first bracket connected to the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 . The first holding element 741 is made of, for example, steel or stainless steel, and is made of the same material as one surface of the hanging portion 132 of the first example. The first clamping element 741 slides with the sliding member 733 of the plate-like element 730 .

Here, the sliding surface of the first holding element 741 with one surface of the plate-shaped element 730 (the surface of the sliding member 733) and the other surface of the plate-shaped element 730 of the second holding element 142 (other than the hanging portion 732) The sliding surface with respect to the surface) may be made of a different material, or may be made of the same material.

In the plate-shaped element 730, the sliding member 733 (one side of the sliding surface of the plate-shaped element 730) has a relatively large friction coefficient with respect to a predetermined metal, and the other side of the hanging portion 732 (the The other side of the sliding surface) has a relatively small coefficient of friction with respect to a predetermined metal. The predetermined metal is, for example, as described above. Furthermore, the sliding member 733 has a relatively large coefficient of friction with respect to the material of the first holding element 741 , and the other surface of the hanging portion 732 has a relatively small coefficient of friction with respect to the material of the second holding element 142 . That is, the coefficient of friction between the sliding member 733 and the first clamping element 741 is greater than the coefficient of friction between the other surface of the hanging portion 732 and the second clamping element 142 . Such a configuration also has the same effect as the first example.

(7-8. Friction damper 800 of the eighth example)
An eighth example friction damper 800 will be described with reference to FIG. In the friction damper 800 of the eighth example, the same components as those of the friction damper 300 (shown in FIG. 9) of the third example are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

The eighth example friction damper 800 comprises a plate-like element 830 , a clamping element 840 and a fastening element 150 . The friction damper 800 of the eighth example differs from the friction damper 300 of the third example in the plate-like element 830 and the first clamping element 841 . In the third example, the first clamping element 341 functions as a friction material (high friction material), while in the eighth example, the plate-like element 830 functions as a friction material (high friction material).

One surface of the hanging portion 832 of the plate-like element 830 has a high-friction sliding portion 832 a slidably provided on the first clamping element 841 . The high-friction sliding portion 832a is surface-treated so as to function as a friction material (high-friction material). For example, a high-friction sliding portion 832a on one side of the hanging portion 832 is coated with paint that functions as a friction material (high-friction material). On the other hand, the other surface of the hanging portion 832 has a low-friction sliding portion 832b slidably provided on the second clamping element 142. As shown in FIG. The low-friction sliding portion 832b is surface-treated to reduce the coefficient of friction. For example, the low-friction sliding portion 832b on the other surface of the hanging portion 832 is coated with a paint that functions as a low-friction material.

Also, the sliding surface of the first holding element 741 with one surface of the hanging portion 832 of the plate-shaped element 830 and the sliding surface of the second holding element 142 with the other surface of the hanging portion 832 of the plate-shaped element 730 are different. , may be made of different materials, or may be made of the same material. Such a configuration also has the same effect as the third example.

(7-9. Others)
In the friction damper 100 of the first example described above, a bracket (first bracket 143 ) connected to the first brace 15 and the second brace 16 is arranged on one side of the hanging portion 132 . Alternatively, a bracket (second bracket) may be arranged only on the other surface side of the hanging portion 132 . The same applies to the friction dampers 200, 300, 700 and 800 of the second, third, seventh and eighth examples.

10: structure, 11, 12: column, 13, 14: beam, 15: first brace, 16: second brace, 20, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800: friction damper, 30, 130, 730, 830: plate-shaped element, 31, 131, 731: top, 32, 132, 732, 832: hanging part, 32a, 132a, 732a: long hole, 40, 140, 240, 340, 440, 540, 640, 740, 840: clamping element, 41, 141, 341, 741, 841: first clamping element, 42, 142, 642: second clamping element, 50, 150: fastening element, 51, 151: bolt, 52, 152: nut, 143, 243: first bracket, 144: auxiliary plate, 145: first washer, 146: second washer, 341a: sliding part, 447, 547: second bracket, 642a: sliding Part 733: Sliding member 733a: Long hole 734: Fastening element A: First friction action surface B: Second friction action surface

Claims (23)

A friction damper applied to a damping structure of a building,
a plate-like element;
A clamp comprising a first clamping element slidable on one side of the plate-shaped element and a second clamping element slidable on the other side of the plate-shaped element and moving integrally with the first clamping element element and
a fastening element that fastens the first sandwiching element and the second sandwiching element and sandwiches the plate-like element between the first sandwiching element and the second sandwiching element;
with
a coefficient of friction between the one surface of the plate-shaped element and the first clamping element is greater than a coefficient of friction between the other surface of the plate-shaped element and the second clamping element;
sliding between the one surface of the plate-shaped element and the first clamping element produces a greater frictional damping effect than sliding between the other surface of the plate-shaped element and the second clamping element; damper. 2. The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein said first clamping element has a greater coefficient of friction with respect to a given metal than said second clamping element. The one surface and the other surface of the plate-shaped element are made of stainless steel,
3. The friction damper according to claim 2, wherein said first clamping element has a larger coefficient of friction with respect to the material of the sliding surface than said second clamping element. 4. The friction damper according to claim 2, wherein said one surface and said other surface of said plate-like element are made of different materials. the one surface and the other surface of the plate-like element are made of the same material,
4. The friction damper according to claim 2, wherein said first clamping element has a larger coefficient of friction with respect to the material of said one surface and said other surface of said plate-like element than said second clamping element. The clamping element further comprises:
formed by a member separate from the first clamping element and the second clamping element, disposed so as to overlap one of the first clamping element and the second clamping element, and formed with the first clamping element and the second clamping element 6. A friction damper according to any one of claims 2-5, comprising a first bracket that moves integrally and is connected to the connected member. the first bracket is non-adherently disposed on one of the first clamping element and the second clamping element;
7. The friction damper of claim 6, wherein said fastening element clamps said first bracket together with said first clamping element and said second clamping element. 7. The friction damper of claim 6, wherein said first bracket is glued to one of said first clamping element and said second clamping element. the first bracket is disposed over the first clamping element;
9. The friction damper according to claim 6, wherein the member arranged on the other surface of the plate-shaped element including the second clamping element is not connected to the connected member. The clamping element further comprises:
The first clamping element and the second clamping element are formed by a member separate from the first clamping element and the second clamping element, and are arranged to overlap the other of the first clamping element and the second clamping element, and 9. A friction damper according to any one of claims 6-8, comprising a second bracket that moves integrally and is connected to the connected member. 6. The friction damper according to claim 2, wherein one of said first clamping element and said second clamping element also serves as a first bracket connected to a member to be connected. 12. The friction damper according to claim 11, wherein one of said first clamping element and said second clamping element has a sliding surface with said plate-shaped element subjected to surface treatment. 13. The friction damper according to claim 11, wherein the other of said first holding element and said second holding element also serves as a second bracket connected to said connected member. 14. The friction damper according to claim 13, wherein the other of said first clamping element and said second clamping element has a sliding surface with said plate-shaped element subjected to surface treatment. The clamping element further comprises:
a washer disposed over the second clamping element;
15. A friction damper according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein said second clamping element has a surface that slides against said other surface of said plate-like element and is larger than said washer. 2. An area of a sliding surface of said second holding element that slides against said other surface of said plate-like element is smaller than an area of a sliding surface of said first holding element that slides against said one surface of said plate-like element. A friction damper according to any one of Clauses -15. 2. The friction damper according to claim 1, wherein said one surface of said plate-like element has a larger coefficient of friction against a predetermined metal than said other surface. A sliding surface of the first holding element that slides against the one surface of the plate-shaped element and a sliding surface of the second holding element that slides against the other surface of the plate-shaped element are made of stainless steel,
18. The friction damper according to claim 17, wherein said one surface of said plate-like element has a larger coefficient of friction with respect to the material of the sliding surface than said other surface of said plate-like element. A sliding surface of the first holding element that slides against the one surface of the plate-shaped element and a sliding surface of the second holding element that slides against the other surface of the plate-shaped element are made of different materials, 18. A friction damper according to claim 17 . A sliding surface of the first holding element that slides against the one surface of the plate-shaped element and a sliding surface of the second holding element that slides against the other surface of the plate-shaped element are made of the same material,
19. The friction damper according to claim 17 or 18, wherein said one surface of said plate-shaped element has a coefficient of friction larger than that of said other surface with respect to materials of sliding surfaces of said first clamping element and said second clamping element. The fastening element includes a bolt penetrating the first clamping element, the plate-like element and the second clamping element, and a nut screwed onto the bolt,
The distance between the one surface of the plate-shaped element and the head or nut of the bolt is greater than the distance between the other surface of the plate-shaped element and the head or nut of the bolt. 21. A friction damper according to any one of 20. 22. The friction damper of claim 21, wherein the first clamping element and the second clamping element have a larger profile than the bolt head and the nut. Claim 1-22, wherein the coefficient of friction between said one surface of said plate-shaped element and said first clamping element is at least twice the coefficient of friction between said other surface of said plate-shaped element and said second clamping element. The friction damper according to any one of 1.

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