JP2015173653A - Supply control method of watering in plant cultivation, and controller of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a supply method of watering and a controller of watering which control timing of watering and a watering amount for higher production in plant cultivation.SOLUTION: In a supply control method of watering in plant cultivation, above-ground part environment is detected by measuring the temperature and the humidity of an above-ground part intermittently or continuously, and furthermore underground part environment is detected by measuring a moisture content in soil intermittently or continuously, and timing of watering and a watering amount are controlled based on the detected above-ground part environment and underground part environment.

Description

  The present invention relates to an irrigation supply control method and an irrigation controller. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for supplying both environmentally controlled irrigation for both underground and aboveground parts of a plant for high production of plant cultivation, and an irrigation controller.

  Until now, plant cultivation has had problems such as withering, root rot, buttocks rot, tears, and disease resistance degradation, especially in the cultivation of fruit vegetables such as tomatoes. For this reason, attempts have been made to solve these problems by various methods such as breed improvement and cultivation techniques.

  However, in reality, no fundamental solution has been reached, and measures such as cultivation techniques that can solve these problems are required.

Here, many life support of the plant body is performed by photosynthesis which is a biochemical reaction that synthesizes carbohydrates by absorbing carbon dioxide (hereinafter referred to as CO ₂ ) and water using light as an energy source. . Light, CO ₂ and water are known as the three major elements of this photosynthesis. Specifically, light is mainly received by the leaves of the plant body, CO ₂ is absorbed in the pores scattered on the leaves of the plant body (mostly the back side of the leaves), and the water is soil As a solution, it is absorbed from the roots.

From this, in conventional plant cultivation, light and CO ₂ are simply the ground environment to which the leaves of the plant body and the pores scattered there belong, and water is the underground environment to which the root of the plant body belongs. Each has been treated individually. Therefore, the conventional irrigation method for plant cultivation is managed and executed based on the concept of excess or deficiency of soil moisture.

  For example, according to Non-Patent Document 1, it is reported that 95% or more of the water absorption amount of tomatoes cultivated in the facility was used for transpiration. “Transpiration” refers to a phenomenon in which water evaporates from a plant body to the atmosphere, and a phenomenon in which water vapor is released from the above-ground part of the plant to the atmosphere. Most of the transpiration occurs on the back side of the leaves, which is because the pores where transpiration occurs are concentrated on the back side, and this phenomenon is also observed on the front side of the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits.

Furthermore, according to Non-Patent Document 2, the management of humidity (hereinafter referred to as “saturation” as appropriate) is extremely important in terms of opening the pores, but the effect of CO ₂ fertilization is often confirmed in the facility cultivation in Japan. It is reported that the reason why it is not possible is that humidity control is not possible. Further, according to Non-Patent Document 2, the “saturation” suitable for opening the pores is ³ to 5 g / m ³ . Furthermore, the results of measurements at Japanese cultivation houses showed that the humidity in the house was quite low, especially in weather conditions where abnormal dry warnings were issued in winter, and the temperature and light intensity were in a satisfactory state. However, it is reported that there is a high possibility that the pores are closed due to the large saturation.

JP 2002-281842 A

Analysis of fruit ripening factors of tomato in institutional cultivation (Tokyo University of Agriculture 50 (4), 106-111 (2006)) Environmental and Cultivation Techniques Seen from the Development of Highly Productive Dutch Tomatoes (written by Hideo Ikeda, Center for Environmental Health Field Science, Chiba University) High-quality, high-yield production of 'Delaware' using leaf solar drip watering system (Shimane "Agricultural Technology Center News" No. 10 2010.12.)

Thus, the role of the pores is to absorb CO ₂ and perform an important function of transpiration. From the effect of this transpiration, the flow of water in the plant body occurs from the root to the leaf, and water is absorbed from the outside (soil) to the root of the plant body.

  However, in conventional plant cultivation, watering is performed with emphasis on excess and deficiency of soil moisture. In recent years, as in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2, management of the terrestrial environment has started to be noticed and implemented, but the excess or deficiency of soil moisture is not considered. In addition, the relation between moisture absorption resulting from soil moisture and transpiration due to the above-ground environment has not been sufficiently considered. As a result, problems such as withering, root rot, buttocks rot, tearing, and disease resistance deterioration are likely to occur, which hinders plant growth.

  Therefore, it can be said that grasping the open / closed state of the pores is important for the execution of the supply of soil moisture (including nutrient solution) in plant cultivation, but sufficient efforts have not been made in plant cultivation so far.

  In addition to the above non-patent literature, as a conventional irrigation method, there is a irrigation method in which a soil is supplied to soil by a concept of only a time axis and the soil moisture maintains a certain moisture value to some extent (patent) Reference 1). However, the irrigation method of Patent Document 1 is greatly affected by knowledge and cultivation experience of soil and plants, and management is focused not on plants but on underground environments such as soil moisture. It was to be. For this reason, it is difficult to control the proper timing and amount of irrigation.

  Further, Patent Document 1 discloses a irrigation method in which water is supplied to soil so as not to fall below a preset moisture value by a moisture sensor, and the soil moisture maintains a constant moisture value. However, in the irrigation method of Patent Document 1, factors that are influenced by knowledge and experience are alleviated, but greatly depend on the relationship between soil and plants. Furthermore, the emphasis of management was placed not on plants but only on the underground environment such as soil moisture. For this reason, it is difficult to control the proper timing and amount of irrigation.

  Furthermore, as a conventional irrigation method, an irrigation method for automatically determining the irrigation amount according to the solar radiation amount and the leaf area index (LAI) and supplying it to the soil and obtaining the basis of the irrigation amount in the leaf area has been performed. (Non-Patent Document 3). However, in the irrigation method of Non-Patent Document 3, although the irrigation amount can be limited to a predetermined amount, there is no specific quantitativeness regarding the physical properties of the soil, and the soil moisture state is unclear. Furthermore, in the irrigation method of Non-Patent Document 3, although a predetermined amount of irrigation is determined, the supply timing is only the above-ground environment. Furthermore, although considering the plant body, it is the ideal soil moisture requirement for some overviews. Therefore, in the irrigation method of Non-Patent Document 3, it is difficult to control an appropriate irrigation timing and irrigation amount.

  Thus, in any irrigation supply method and irrigation device in plant cultivation, since each of the underground environment and the above-ground environment to which the plant belongs is managed independently, it is appropriate for the plant body. It is not intended to control the timing and amount of irrigation, and an improvement for appropriate irrigation is desired.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and the problem is that a method for supplying irrigation in plant cultivation, which controls the timing and amount of irrigation for high production of plant cultivation, and It is to provide the controller. In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for supplying irrigation and a controller thereof in plant cultivation, which are both environmentally managed under the plant and above the ground.

  In the present invention, the following irrigation supply control method and irrigation controller are provided.

[1] In the irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation, the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part are measured intermittently or continuously to detect the above-ground environment, and further, the moisture content in the soil is measured intermittently or An irrigation supply control method for detecting an underground environment by continuously measuring, and controlling an irrigation timing and an irrigation amount based on the detected above-ground environment and the detected underground environment.

[2] Preliminary saturation of the above-ground environment is set in advance, and saturation is calculated from the temperature and humidity measured at the above-ground portion, and the calculated saturation is the desired saturation. The irrigation supply control method according to [1], wherein irrigation is performed at the time.

[3] The irrigation supply control method according to [2], wherein the desired saturation is 3 to 6 g / m ³ .

[4] A predetermined amount of moisture in the underground environment is set in advance, and irrigation is performed when the amount of moisture measured in the underground is equal to or less than the desired amount of moisture [2] or [3] The irrigation supply control method according to claim 1.

[5] The irrigation supply control method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the irrigation timing and the irrigation amount are controlled for each of the plurality of cultivation areas in a facility where a plurality of cultivation areas for plant cultivation are divided. .

[6] In the irrigation supply control controller for plant cultivation, the first detection means for the above-ground environment for intermittently or continuously measuring the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part, and the moisture content in the soil intermittently or Based on the second detection means of the underground environment for continuous measurement, the ground environment and the underground environment detected by the first detection means and the second detection means, and at an appropriate timing An irrigation controller comprising irrigation means for irrigating with an appropriate amount of irrigation.

[7] The initial saturation of the above-ground environment is set in advance, and the saturation is calculated from the temperature and humidity measured at the above-ground part, and the calculated saturation is the desired saturation. The irrigation controller according to [6], wherein irrigation is performed at the time.

[8] The irrigation controller according to [7], wherein the desired saturation is ³ to 6 g / m ³ .

[9] Preliminary moisture content in the underground environment is set in advance, and irrigation is performed when the moisture content measured in the underground portion is equal to or less than the desired moisture content [7] or [8] The irrigation controller described.

[10] The irrigation controller according to any one of [6] to [9], which controls irrigation timing and irrigation amount for each of a plurality of cultivation areas in a facility where a plurality of cultivation areas for plant cultivation are divided.

  In the irrigation supply control method and its controller in plant cultivation according to the present invention, the timing and amount of irrigation to a plant body are appropriately controlled to realize high production of plant cultivation. In particular, it is to manage both the environment of the underground part and the above-ground part of a plant body, to appropriately control the timing and amount of irrigation to the plant body, and to realize high production of plant cultivation.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the irrigation supply control method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view and a schematic diagram of the irrigation controller of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a facility for plant cultivation.

  The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings as appropriate, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. Various changes, modifications, improvements, and substitutions can be added based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the drawings show preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited by the modes shown in the drawings or the information shown in the drawings. In practicing or verifying the present invention, the same means as described in this specification or equivalent means can be applied, but preferred means are those described below.

[1] Irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation of the present invention:
The irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation according to the present invention detects the above-ground environment by intermittently or continuously measuring the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part, and further intermittently determines the moisture content in the soil. An irrigation supply control method for detecting an underground environment by continuously measuring and controlling the timing and amount of irrigation based on the detected above-ground environment and underground environment.

  The irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation of the present invention generally includes, as shown in FIG. 1, an “air temperature and humidity measurement step (S1)” for intermittently or continuously measuring the air temperature and humidity of the ground part, Based on the measurement results of the temperature and humidity measurement step (S1), the “terrestrial environment detection step (S2)” for detecting the terrestrial environment, and “soil” for intermittently or continuously measuring the amount of water in the soil. “Measurement step (S3)”, “Underground environment detection step (S4)” for detecting the underground environment based on the measurement results of the soil measurement step (S3), and the “aboveground environment detection step (S2)”. And “irrigation timing control step (S5)” for controlling the timing of irrigation based on the detection results of “underground environment detection step (S4)”, and “aboveground environment detection step (S2)”. Based on the underground environment detecting step (S4) "in the detection result, and a respective step of the" irrigation quantity control step (S6) "for controlling the irrigation of irrigation.

[1-1] Air temperature and humidity measurement step (S1):
In the irrigation supply control method for plant cultivation of the present invention, the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part are measured intermittently or continuously in the “temperature and humidity measurement step (S1)”. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, at least one sensor, preferably a plurality of sensors such as an air temperature sensor 3 a and a humidity sensor 3 b are set at a place where the ground portion 9 is to be measured. The process of this step may be realized by measuring the humidity. However, it is not limited to this example, For example, a well-known sensor etc. can be utilized for the said sensor.

  Here, the “ground part 9” means a part above the soil, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a part of the plant body 13 that appears from the soil and a part above the soil. Space is also included. When the plant body 13 is cultivated in the facility, the space above the soil means the space in the facility. “Measuring the temperature and humidity of the ground part 9“ intermittently ”” means that the temperature and humidity of the ground part 9 are measured at intervals rather than continuously. “To do” includes not only “regularly measuring at regular intervals” but also measuring “predetermined time”. For example, as an example of “regularly measuring at regular intervals”, there are those that regularly measure at regular intervals such as every hour, every three hours, every five hours, and the like. In addition, as an example of measuring at “predetermined time”, one measuring from 6:00 to 12:00 in the morning, or after measuring every hour from 6:00 to 12:00 in the morning, one hour from 3:00 to 6:00 What is measured every time is included. However, it is not limited to this example. “Measure the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part“ continuously ”” means to “continuously” measure the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part.

[1-2] Ground environment detection step (S2):
In the irrigation supply control method for plant cultivation of the present invention, the above-ground environment is detected in the “above-ground environment detection step (S2)”. The “terrestrial environment detection step (S2)” is a step of detecting the terrestrial environment based on the measurement result of the “temperature and humidity measurement step (S1)”. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the temperature and humidity of the “terrestrial environment 9” above the soil are measured, and the “terrestrial environment 9” above the soil is detected from the measurement result. Processing may be realized. However, it is not limited to this example.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, in the temperature and humidity measurement step (S1), the measured temperature and humidity data are collected in the “ground environment detection step (S2)”. Furthermore, in the “ground part environment detection step (S2)”, an expected temperature (predetermined temperature) is set in advance for the temperature of the ground part environment, and the measured ground part environment is measured with respect to the target temperature. It is preferable to be able to determine whether the temperature is high or low. If such a determination is possible, it is easy to adjust the temperature of the above-ground part to a temperature optimal for the growth of the plant body. Similarly, in the “terrestrial environment detection step (S2)”, an expected humidity (predetermined humidity) is set in advance for the humidity of the above-ground environment, and the measured above-ground environment is measured with respect to the intended humidity. It is preferable to be able to determine whether the humidity is high or low. If such a determination is possible, it is easy to adjust the humidity of the above-ground part to a temperature optimal for the growth of the plant body. In particular, when considering the “saturation” described later, it becomes easy to control to a desired saturation, and it becomes easy to control the timing of irrigation and the supply of the irrigation amount.

[1-3] Soil measurement step (S3):
In the irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation of the present invention, the water content in the soil is measured intermittently or continuously in the “soil measurement step (S3)”. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, at least one, preferably a plurality of sensors such as a moisture sensor 5a (moisture meter) are set at a location to be measured in the basement 11, and the moisture content of the soil is set by the sensor. The step may be realized by being measured. However, it is not limited to this example, For example, a well-known sensor etc. can be utilized for the said sensor.

  Here, “in the soil” means in the medium (soil) for cultivating the plant body, and the “in the soil” includes, for example, the surrounding soil such as the rhizome and root of the plant body, Soil surface is also widely included. However, when measuring the moisture content on the soil surface, it is desirable to further measure the moisture content in the soil. “Measure the amount of water in the soil“ intermittently ”” means that the amount of water in the soil is measured at intervals rather than continuously. Includes not only “regular measurement at regular intervals” but also measurement at “predetermined time”. For example, as an example of “regularly measuring at regular intervals”, there are those that regularly measure at regular intervals such as every hour, every three hours, every five hours, and the like. In addition, as an example of measuring at “predetermined time”, one measuring from 6:00 to 12:00 in the morning, or after measuring every hour from 6:00 to 12:00 in the morning, one hour from 3:00 to 6:00 What is measured every time is included. However, it is not limited to this example. “Measuring the amount of water in the soil“ continuously ”” means measuring the amount of water in the soil “continuously”.

  In the “temperature and humidity measurement step (S1)”, when the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part are measured, the “soil measurement step” is performed simultaneously with the timing of “the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part is measured”. In (S3) ", it is desirable to measure the amount of water in the soil. In the irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation of the present invention, the appropriate irrigation timing and irrigation amount are controlled while considering the underground environment and the above-ground environment to which the plant body belongs, and the underground environment and This is to perform appropriate irrigation by simultaneously measuring and detecting the above-ground environment.

[1-4] Underground environment detection step (S4):
In the irrigation supply control method for plant cultivation according to the present invention, the underground environment is detected in the “underground environment detection step (S4)”. The “underground environment detection step (S4)” is a step of detecting the underground environment based on the measurement result of the “soil measurement step (S3)”. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the moisture content of the “underground environment 11” in the soil is measured by the moisture sensor 5a, and the “underground environment” in the soil is detected from the measurement result of the moisture content. This step may be realized. However, it is not limited to this example.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, data on the amount of water measured in the “soil measurement step (S3)” is collected in the “underground environment detection step (S4)”. Further, in the “underground environment detection step (S4)”, an expected amount of moisture (predetermined amount of moisture) is set in advance for the amount of moisture in the underground, and the measured underground amount is measured with respect to the desired amount of moisture. It is preferable to be able to determine whether the moisture content in the local environment is large or small. If such a determination is possible, it is easy to adjust the moisture content in the underground part to the optimum moisture content for the growth of the plant body.

[1-5] Irrigation timing control step (S5):
In the irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the timing of irrigation based on the above-ground environment 9 and the underground environment 11 is the “irrigation timing control step of FIG. (S5) ". The “irrigation timing control step (S5)” controls (controls) the timing of irrigation based on the detection results of the “aboveground environment detection step (S2)” and the “underground environment detection step (S4)”. It is a step. The “irrigation timing” means the timing and time for supplying irrigation.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a personal computer or a controller main body 1a with a built-in CPU or the like based on the detection results of the “terrestrial environment detection step (S2)” and the “underground environment detection step (S4)” Determine the timing (time, time, etc.) of irrigation and determine the timing of irrigation. Furthermore, the irrigation supply pipe 7 for supplying irrigation, which is set in the soil, is provided with a signal receiving means 7a for receiving an instruction regarding the timing of irrigation from the irrigation controller main body 1a, and the like (signal). The irrigation may be supplied by the above. Specifically, after the “signal receiving means 7a” receives an instruction to turn ON or OFF the supply of irrigation from the irrigation controller main body 1a, the irrigation supply or irrigation is performed according to the “ON or OFF” instruction. The irrigation supply pipe 7 may be provided with a switching function so that the timing of irrigation can be controlled so that the supply of water is stopped. However, it is not limited to this example.

[1-6] Irrigation amount control step (S6):
In the irrigation supply control method for plant cultivation according to the present invention, the irrigation amount is controlled in the “irrigation amount control step (S6)” based on the ground environment and the underground environment. As shown in FIG. 1, the “irrigation amount control step (S6)” is performed based on the detection results of the “aboveground environment detection step (S2)” and the “underground environment detection step (S4)”. This is a step for controlling the amount of irrigation. The “irrigation amount” means the amount of water to be irrigated, that is, the amount of water when water is supplied to the soil.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the detection results of the “terrestrial environment detection step (S2)” and the “underground environment detection step (S4)”, and the timing of performing the irrigation of the “irrigation timing control step (S5)” Based on this determination, the personal computer or the controller main body 1a with a built-in CPU or the like determines the irrigation amount to be supplied. Furthermore, the irrigation supply pipe 7 for supplying irrigation set in the soil is provided with a signal receiving means 7a for receiving an instruction concerning the irrigation amount from the irrigation controller main body 1a, and the like. Irrigation may be supplied. Specifically, after the “signal receiving means 7a” receives an instruction to turn ON or OFF the supply of irrigation from the irrigation controller main body 1a, the irrigation supply or irrigation is performed according to the “ON or OFF” instruction. The irrigation supply pipe 7 may be provided with a switching function so that the amount of irrigation can be controlled so that the supply of water is stopped. However, it is not limited to this example.

  The “irrigation amount control step (S6)” is performed simultaneously with the “irrigation timing control step (S5)”. In the irrigation supply control method in the plant cultivation of the present invention, the appropriate irrigation timing and irrigation amount are controlled while considering the underground environment and the terrestrial environment to which the plant body belongs. This is to facilitate irrigation.

[1-7] Other configurations of the irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation of the present invention:
Furthermore, in the irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation of the present invention, the following configuration may be provided. When the following configuration is provided, the following configuration is included in the flow of each step from the “temperature and humidity measurement step (S1)” to the “irrigation amount control step (S6)” described above. The steps below may be provided to implement the following configuration as appropriate.

  In addition, the initial saturation of the above-ground environment is set in advance, and the saturation is calculated from the temperature and humidity measured at the above-ground part, and irrigation is performed when the calculated saturation reaches the desired saturation. Preferably it is done. The timing when the plant body absorbs moisture from the soil and the amount of water absorbed when the plant body absorbs moisture from the soil can be grasped, so the timing and amount of irrigation to the plant body can be controlled more appropriately. And high production of plant cultivation can be realized. Furthermore, it is preferable because irrigation can be supplied by managing both the above-ground environment and the underground environment.

Here, “saturation” means an index indicating how much room for water vapor can enter in air at a certain temperature and humidity, and the free water vapor capacity per 1 m ^{3 of} air is expressed in g. (G / m ³ ) (Source: Rural Digital Library) The above-mentioned “preliminarily setting the desired saturation of the ground environment” means setting the “saturation” expected in the ground environment in advance. For example, when setting the “satisfactory saturation” as described above, the saturation in a range of conditions that are favorable for the growth of the plant may be set as the “satisfactory saturation”. Among them, for example, the saturation applied to individual cultivated plants (plants) such as tomatoes, cucumbers and mandarin oranges may be referred to as “initial saturation”. “Calculating the saturation from the temperature and humidity measured on the ground” means calculating the actual saturation of the ground from the temperature and humidity measured on the ground. “When the calculated satiation becomes the expected satiation” means that the “actual satiation of the aerial part” calculated from the temperature and humidity measured at the aerial part is It means “when it comes to”. For example, when the above-mentioned “satisfactory saturation” is set to have a certain range, “when the calculated saturation becomes the desired saturation” was measured on the ground. It means that the “actual saturation of the above-ground part” calculated from the temperature and humidity falls within the range of the “desired saturation”.

  Here, the following Table 1 is illustrated as what shows the satiety of a plant body (source: nonpatent literature 2). In addition, among the saturation of the plant body shown in the said Table 1, the numerical value on a dotted line has shown that it is a numerical value of saturation preferable for a plant body. Further, “humidity” in the present specification means relative humidity.

  In addition, the "satisfaction of the above-ground environment is set in advance, and the saturation is calculated from the temperature and humidity measured on the ground, and when the calculated saturation becomes the desired saturation. The determination / judgment of “performing irrigation” is preferably performed in the “aboveground environment detection step (S2)”, “irrigation timing control step (S5)”, or “irrigation amount control step (S6)”. . By making the above determination in these steps, it is possible to supply irrigation according to the above-ground environment of the plant body.

Furthermore, the desired saturation is preferably ³ to 6 g / m ³ . When the expected saturation is within a predetermined range, the transpiration of the plant body is performed. As a result, the timing of irrigation and the amount of irrigation can be sufficiently controlled, and the growth of the plant can be promoted.

On the other hand, when the initial saturation is less than 3 g / m ³ , the growth of the plant may be inhibited when irrigation is supplied to the plant. For example, if the “actual saturation of the above-ground part” is less than 3 g / m ³ , the air is too moist for the plant (the humidity becomes too high), so there is no difference in water vapor pressure between the plant and the air. It is said that transpiration does not occur even if it is open, and absorption of CO ₂ is not promoted (Source: Rural Electronic Library). In such a case, even if irrigation is supplied to the soil, the plant does not absorb the amount of water in the soil, and the amount of water in the soil becomes too large, causing root rot, disease, etc. There is. On the other hand, when the relative humidity is low, the saturation becomes large (the initial saturation exceeds 6 g / m ³ ), that is, the transpiration of the plant tends to increase. It is said that the pores tend to close and the transpiration rate is significantly reduced. In such a case, even if irrigation is supplied to the soil, the plant does not absorb the amount of water in the soil, and the amount of water in the soil becomes too high, causing root rot and disease. is there.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to set the desired moisture content of the underground environment in advance and to perform irrigation when the moisture content measured in the underground section is equal to or lower than the expected moisture content. High production of plant cultivation because the amount of water required and the timing of watering can be grasped from the amount of water absorption necessary for the plant to absorb water from the soil and the amount of water actually measured. Can be realized. Furthermore, irrigation can be supplied by managing both the above-ground environment and the underground environment.

  The above-mentioned “preliminary setting of the moisture content of the underground environment” means “setting the expected moisture content” in the underground environment in advance. For example, the moisture content in a range of conditions that are favorable for the growth of the plant body may be set as the “predetermined moisture content”, and further applied to individual cultivated plants such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and tangerines. The amount of water to be used may be set as the “desired amount of water”. “When the amount of moisture measured in the underground portion is equal to or less than the desired amount of moisture” means when the amount of moisture measured in the underground portion becomes the above-mentioned “initial amount of moisture”. For example, when the above “desired amount of water” is set to have a certain range, “when the amount of water measured in the basement is below the expected amount of water” It means when the measured moisture content falls within the range of the “desired moisture content”. It should be noted that “when the amount of water measured in the basement exceeds the expected amount of water”, because there is too much water in the soil, there is no need to perform irrigation. It is preferable that it is detected that the water content exceeds the expected water content even when the water content measured in step 1 exceeds the desired water content. This is because, even in such a state, by detecting the underground environment, for example, it is possible to perform coordinated management between the ground part and the underground part, such as being able to adjust the temperature and humidity.

  In addition, the determination of “preliminarily setting the desired moisture content of the underground environment and performing irrigation when the moisture content measured in the underground portion falls below the desired moisture content” It is preferable to be performed in the “measurement step (S3)”, “irrigation timing control step (S5)”, or “irrigation amount control step (S6)”. By making the above determination in these steps, it is possible to supply irrigation according to the above-ground environment of the plant body.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to control the timing of irrigation and the amount of irrigation for each of a plurality of cultivation areas in a facility where a plurality of plant cultivation areas are divided. By being comprised in this way, management of the above-ground part environment and underground part environment according to every cultivation area in the same facility is attained, and the irrigation supply according to the growth of the plant body for every cultivation division can be performed.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 3, even in the same facility, the incident angle of sunlight and the incident time of sunlight may differ between the cultivation areas of A and B in the facility 15. Further, even in the same facility, the temperature near the cultivation area C (cultivation section) in the vicinity of the entrance 15a of the facility 15 and the moisture content in the soil, and the temperature near the cultivation area D away from the entrance of the facility, Humidity and the amount of moisture in the soil may vary. Furthermore, the facility 5 for cultivating a plant body can be used as an outer wall covered with a film such as a synthetic resin (for example, a greenhouse). Or the plant | facility for cultivating a plant body can see what uses materials other than a film as an outer wall. In these facilities 5, although the outside of the facility and the inside of the facility are separated by the outer wall, for example, the above-ground environment and the underground environment of the cultivation areas E1 and E2 in the facility 5 in the vicinity of the outer wall are in the vicinity of the outer wall. Susceptible to ground and underground environments outside the facility. And the above-ground environment and underground part environment of E1 and E2 of the cultivation area in the facility in the vicinity of the outer wall are, for example, the outer wall than the above-ground environment and underground part environment in the cultivation area F far from the outer wall in the facility. It tends to be easily affected by the ground environment and underground environment outside the facility in the vicinity. Therefore, even in the same facility, the above-ground environment is different for each cultivation area, and further, the underground environment may be different for each cultivation area in the same facility.

  Here, “in a facility where a plurality of plant cultivation areas are divided” means that the cultivation area where plant cultivation is performed in the same facility is divided into a plurality of areas. The “cultivation region is divided into a plurality of regions” is not particularly limited, and the cultivation locations may be arbitrarily selected and the classified cultivation locations may be used as the cultivation regions. In addition, each of the strips and strips separated from each other by the passage may be used as the cultivation region, and the cultivation location in the facility near the outer wall and the cultivation location other than the cultivation location are used as the cultivation regions, respectively. Also good. Moreover, it is good also considering the cultivation location near the entrance / exit of a facility, and the cultivation location distant from the entrance / exit of a facility as a cultivation area, respectively. Furthermore, it is good also as a cultivation area | region divided into multiple cultivation locations according to the kind of plant body. Furthermore, the cultivation area may be an area partitioned in a planter shape, an area divided into cultivation pod types, an area divided into independent cultivation pods, or the like.

  In addition, “control the timing and amount of irrigation for each of a plurality of cultivation areas” means to manage the above-ground environment and the underground environment for each of the plurality of cultivation areas, This means that the necessary amount of irrigation is supplied at an appropriate timing.

  In addition, in the case of “controlling the timing and amount of irrigation for each of a plurality of cultivation areas in a facility where a plurality of cultivation areas for plant cultivation are divided”, the “temperature and humidity measurement step (S1)” to Each step of “irrigation amount control step (S6)” is performed.

[2] Irrigation supply controller in plant cultivation of the present invention:
The irrigation supply control controller for plant cultivation according to the present invention is a controller using the irrigation supply control method for plant cultivation described so far. Therefore, since the contents explained in the irrigation supply control method in the plant cultivation described so far can be applied to the irrigation supply control controller in the plant cultivation of the present invention, the overlapping matters are referred to the explanation of the plant cultivation apparatus. I want.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the irrigation supply control controller 1 in the plant cultivation of the present invention is a first detection means 3 for the above-ground environment 9 for intermittently or continuously measuring the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part. And the second detection means 5 of the underground environment 11 for intermittently or continuously measuring the amount of water in the soil, and the above-ground environment 9 detected by the first detection means 3 and the second detection means 5. The irrigation controller 1 includes irrigation means 7 for performing irrigation at an appropriate timing and with an appropriate irrigation amount based on the underground environment 11. In the present specification, the irrigation supply control controller 1 may be referred to as the irrigation controller 1.

  Here, the irrigation supply controller 1 for plant cultivation of the present invention is generally composed of a first detection means 3 for the above-ground environment, a second detection means 5 for the underground environment, and a irrigation means 7.

[2-1] First detection means of the above-ground environment:
In the irrigation supply controller 1 of the present invention for cultivating plants, the “first detection means 3 for the above-ground part environment” measures the temperature and humidity of the above-mentioned part intermittently or continuously as shown in FIG. It is comprised as a detection means.

  Specifically, the “first detection means 3 for the above-ground environment” includes sensors such as an air temperature sensor 3a and a humidity sensor 3b. Furthermore, a personal computer or an irrigation controller main body 1a with a built-in CPU, a wired cable for transmitting measurement results to the personal computer or the controller main body 1a, and the like may be included. For example, a measurement result (measurement data) measured by a sensor such as an air temperature sensor 3a and a humidity sensor 3b may be transmitted to a personal computer, and data processing may be performed by the personal computer. In such a case, the processed data may be further transmitted from the personal computer and received by the irrigation controller main body 1a. Furthermore, instead of the wired cable, data transmission (communication) may be performed wirelessly. However, it is not limited to this example.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the “first detection means 3 for the above-ground environment” includes the “air temperature and humidity measurement step (S1)” and “the irrigation supply control method in the plant cultivation of the present invention described above” and “ The same measurement, data processing, and the like as in the above-ground part environment detection step (S2) "are performed. However, it is not limited to this example.

[2-2] Second detection means for underground environment:
In the irrigation supply controller in the plant cultivation of the present invention, the “second detection means 5 in the underground environment”, as shown in FIG. 2, intermittently or continuously measures the amount of water in the soil, Configured as detection means.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the “second underground environment detection means 5”, the “soil measurement step (S 3)” and “underground part” of the irrigation supply control method in the plant cultivation of the present invention described above are used. Measurement, data processing, and the like similar to those in the “environment detection step (S4)” are performed.

  Specifically, the “second underground environment detection means 5” includes a sensor such as a moisture sensor 5a (moisture meter) as shown in FIG. Furthermore, a personal computer or an irrigation controller main body 1a with a built-in CPU or the like, and a wired cable for transmitting a measurement result to the personal computer or the irrigation controller main body 1a or the like may be included. For example, the measurement result (measurement data) measured by the moisture sensor 5a (moisture meter) may be transmitted to a personal computer, and data processing or the like may be performed by the personal computer. In such a case, the processed data may be further transmitted from the personal computer to the irrigation controller main body 1a and received by the irrigation controller main body 1a. Furthermore, instead of the wired cable, data transmission (communication) may be performed wirelessly. However, it is not limited to this example.

[2-3] Irrigation means:
As shown in FIG. 2, the “irrigation means” in the irrigation supply control controller for plant cultivation of the present invention includes the above-ground environment 9 and the underground environment 11 detected by the first detection means 3 and the second detection means 5. Based on the above, it is configured as the irrigation means 7 for performing irrigation at an appropriate timing and with an appropriate irrigation amount. In the “irrigation means 7”, as shown in FIG. 1, in the “irrigation timing control step (S5)” and “irrigation amount control step (S6)” of the irrigation supply control method in the plant cultivation of the present invention described above. Processing similar to that performed is performed. Furthermore, when it is determined that it is necessary to supply irrigation based on the treatment, irrigation is supplied into the soil.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the “irrigation means 7” includes an irrigation supply pipe 7 for supplying irrigation, and the irrigation supply pipe 7 further includes a signal receiving means 7a. May be. By being configured in this way, the measurement results from the first detection means 3 and the second detection means 5 are processed into data, and the command from the personal computer that determines the irrigation supply, the irrigation supply time, and the irrigation supply amount ( Signal) or a command (signal) from the irrigation controller main body 1a. Therefore, irrigation can be easily supplied with the irrigation controller. Furthermore, in the “irrigation means 7”, the timing of performing irrigation based on the detection results of the “terrestrial environment detection step (S2)” and the “underground environment detection step (S4)” as shown in FIG. A personal computer or a controller main body 1a with a built-in CPU or the like may be included to determine the time and time) and determine the irrigation amount. However, it is not limited to this example.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, an irrigation supply pipe 7 capable of supplying irrigation is set in the soil as “irrigation means”. The “irrigation supply pipe 7” is provided with a signal receiving means 7a for receiving a command (signal) from the controller main body 1a that enables the supply of irrigation by ON or OFF. Then, when the signal receiving means 7a receives the irrigation time command (irrigation timing) and the irrigation amount command from the irrigation controller main body 1a, the irrigation timing and the irrigation amount are switched to ON or OFF. Can be controlled. However, it is not limited to this example.

[2-4] Other configurations of the irrigation supply controller in the plant cultivation of the present invention:
Furthermore, the irrigation supply control controller in the plant cultivation of the present invention was set in advance in the ground environment and measured in the above-ground part in the same manner as the irrigation supply control method in the plant cultivation of the present invention. It is preferable to calculate saturation from the temperature and humidity, and to perform irrigation when the calculated saturation reaches the desired saturation.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the irrigation supply control controller in the plant cultivation of the present invention has an initial saturation of ³ to 6 g / m ³ as in the irrigation supply control method in the plant cultivation of the present invention.

  Furthermore, the irrigation supply control controller in the plant cultivation of the present invention was set in advance in the basement environment, and was measured in the underground section in the same manner as the irrigation supply control method in the plant cultivation of the present invention. It is preferable to perform irrigation when the water content is equal to or lower than the desired water content.

  Further, the irrigation supply control controller in the plant cultivation of the present invention is similar to the irrigation supply control method in the plant cultivation of the present invention, in the facility where the cultivation areas of the plant cultivation are divided into a plurality of cultivation areas. It is preferable to control the timing and amount of irrigation.

[3] Method of using irrigation supply controller in plant cultivation of the present invention:
In the irrigation supply control controller in plant cultivation of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, an air temperature sensor 3 a and a humidity sensor 3 b are prepared and installed at a place where the ground portion 9 is to be measured. Further, the temperature sensor 3a and the humidity sensor 3b are set so that the measured data (temperature and humidity) can be transmitted to the controller main body 1a wirelessly. A plurality of temperature sensors 3a and humidity sensors 3b may be prepared and installed at desired locations.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2, at least one moisture sensor 5 a is prepared and installed at a location (for example, around the root of the plant body 13) where measurement is desired in the underground portion 11 (in the soil). Further, the moisture sensor 5a is set so that the measured data (water content in the underground portion) can be wirelessly transmitted to the controller main body 1a. Furthermore, it sets so that the "discharge port 7b (supply port)" which is one end of the irrigation supply pipe | tube 7 may be located in the location around the root of the plant body 13 and wants to irrigate in soil. Further, setting is performed in a state where the other end of the irrigation supply pipe 7 is connected to the water supply source. The irrigation supply pipe 7 is supplied with irrigation from the supply pipe by an ON or OFF switch, and the ON or OFF switching is performed by a command (ON-OFF transmission) from the irrigation controller main body 1a. Is provided with a signal receiving means 7a.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the temperature and humidity are measured intermittently or continuously by the temperature sensor 3a and the humidity sensor 3b. Then, after the measurement, the measured temperature and humidity data is received by the irrigation controller main body 1. Similarly, the amount of moisture in the soil is measured intermittently or continuously by the moisture sensor 5a. Then, after the measurement, the measured water amount is received by the irrigation controller main body 1a. The irrigation controller main body 1a detects the ground environment 9 and the underground environment 11 based on the above “measured temperature and humidity data” and “measured water content data”. By this detection, the irrigation controller main body 1a determines that the above-ground environment 9 of the plant body 13 is in the optimum temperature, optimum humidity, and optimum saturation state, and further, the underground environment 11 of the plant body 13 is in the optimum moisture amount. It is judged whether it is. Specifically, the above determination is made by setting the desired temperature, desired humidity, desired saturation, desired moisture amount, etc. in advance in the irrigation controller main body 1a. It is performed by comparing the “humidity”, the “desired saturation”, and the “desired moisture content” with the measured temperature, humidity, moisture content, calculated saturation, and the like.

  If the comparison shows that the transpiration of the plant body 13 is performed and the amount of water in the soil is insufficient, the irrigation controller body 1a supplies the irrigation supply pipe 7 with irrigation. A command (signal) to be performed is transmitted, the signal receiving means 7b provided in the irrigation supply pipe 7 receives the signal, the switch of the irrigation supply pipe 7 is turned on, and irrigation is supplied into the soil. Furthermore, when the transpiration of the plant body 13 is not performed, or when it is determined that the amount of water in the soil is sufficient, the irrigation from the irrigation controller main body 1a is irrigated from the irrigation supply pipe 7. A command (signal) to stop the supply is transmitted. The signal receiving means 7a provided in the irrigation supply pipe 7 receives the signal, the switch of the irrigation supply pipe 7 is turned off, and the supply of irrigation is stopped. A timer may be set in advance in the irrigation supply pipe 7 so that the irrigation supply time is adjusted simultaneously with the irrigation supply command from the irrigation controller main body 1a. Furthermore, the irrigation supply amount may be adjusted according to the irrigation time, with the irrigation amount at the time of being supplied from the irrigation supply pipe being constant, and the irrigation supply pipe can be adjusted. Thus, the irrigation supply command from the irrigation controller may be issued, and at the same time, the command for the irrigation amount may be issued.

  On the other hand, according to the above comparison, when it is determined that the transpiration of the plant body is not performed from the beginning or the amount of water in the soil is sufficient, the irrigation controller main body 1a supplies irrigation to the irrigation supply pipe 7. A command (signal) not to supply is transmitted, and the signal receiving means provided in the supply pipe receives the signal, and the supply pipe is kept OFF. Thereby, the supply of irrigation is not performed until the next irrigation supply command is issued.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be widely used for irrigation supply control of all plants and crops to be cultivated. In particular, it can be widely used for irrigation supply control of all plants and crops to be cultivated in a house or facility that cultivates plants and crops in general.

1: Irrigation controller (irrigation supply controller 1), 1a: irrigation controller body, 3: first detection means, 3a: temperature sensor, 3b: humidity sensor, 5: second detection means, 5a: moisture sensor, 7: Irrigation means (irrigation supply pipe), 7a: signal receiving means, 7b: discharge port (supply port), 9: aboveground environment (aboveground part), 11: underground environment (underground part), 13: plant body, 13a: Root (of plant), 15: Facility, 15a: Entrance / exit, A: Cultivation area, B: Cultivation area, D: Cultivation area, S1: Temperature and humidity measurement step, S2: Above-ground environment detection step , S3: Soil measurement step, S4: Underground environment detection step, S5: Irrigation timing control step, S6: Irrigation amount control step.

Claims (10)

In the irrigation supply control method in plant cultivation,
By detecting the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part intermittently or continuously, it detects the above-ground environment,
By measuring the amount of water in the soil intermittently or continuously, the underground environment is detected,
Control the timing and amount of irrigation based on the detected ground environment and the underground environment,
Irrigation supply control method. Preliminarily set the desired saturation of the above-ground environment, and calculate the saturation from the temperature and humidity measured in the above-ground part,
The irrigation supply control method according to claim 1, wherein irrigation is performed when the calculated saturation becomes the desired saturation. The irrigation supply control method according to claim 2, wherein the desired saturation is ³ to 6 g / m ³ .   The irrigation according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a predetermined amount of water in the underground environment is set in advance, and irrigation is performed when the amount of water measured in the underground portion is equal to or less than the predetermined amount of water. Supply control method.   The irrigation supply control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the irrigation timing and the irrigation amount are controlled for each of the plurality of cultivation regions in a facility where a plurality of plant cultivation regions are divided. In the irrigation supply control controller in plant cultivation,
A first detection means for the above-ground environment for intermittently or continuously measuring the temperature and humidity of the above-ground part,
A second means of detecting the underground environment for intermittently or continuously measuring the amount of water in the soil;
Irrigation means for performing irrigation at an appropriate timing and with an appropriate irrigation amount based on the above-ground environment and the underground environment detected by the first detection means and the second detection means,
Irrigation controller. Preliminarily set the desired saturation of the above-ground environment, and calculate the saturation from the temperature and humidity measured in the above-ground part,
The irrigation controller according to claim 6, wherein irrigation is performed when the calculated saturation becomes the desired saturation. The irrigation controller according to claim 7, wherein the initial saturation is ³ to 6 g / m ³ .   The irrigation controller according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a predetermined moisture amount in an underground environment is set in advance, and irrigation is performed when the moisture amount measured in the underground portion is equal to or less than the desired moisture amount.   The irrigation controller according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the irrigation timing and the irrigation amount are controlled for each of the plurality of cultivation areas in a facility where a plurality of cultivation areas for plant cultivation are divided.

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