JP2015169204A - Small-type hydraulic generating equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a practical small-type hydraulic generating equipment capable of generating electricity efficiently in less-expensive cost under utilization of a slight step at a small river.SOLUTION: This invention relates to induction ducts 5 having a structure in which they are applied over a step upstream segment and a step downstream segment under utilization of a slight step at a small river, duct spoons 17 for efficiently transmitting flowing water energy to water turbine runners 16 are installed at a narrow outlet of the step downstream segment, approximate lower half part of the water turbine runners 16 is immersed in the duct spoons 17 so as to rotate the water turbine runners 16. Parallel-cross bridge tables 8 having a function capable of optionally adjusting heights of the water turbine runners 16 and the induction ducts 5 in response to a water level of the river and raising channels are arranged between water intake port bottom parts of the induction ducts 5 and the upstream bottom parts of the river step in preparation for the lowering of the water level of the river in a dry season, the water level of the river upstream is raised to utilize a head drop up to the water turbine effectively. In addition, in regard to flowing dusts at the river, a dust removing screen 18 is installed at the upstream side of the induction ducts.

Description

  The present invention provides a small hydroelectric power generation apparatus that can be installed efficiently and inexpensively by utilizing a slight level difference between a waterway for agriculture, a waterway for fire prevention in a city, and other small rivers in the mountains.

  For power generation using the river level difference, a water channel is provided in the upstream and downstream of the level difference in the river, and a vertical water turbine is provided in the upstream level water channel to provide river water in the level channel. Some use the weight as a suction force, but if this method is used, the river water level will drop to the extent that it does not fill the conduit, such as in the dry season, even if the opening of the outlet is narrowed to fill the conduit. A problem that does not lead to an increase in the output of the turbine. In addition, there is a problem of damage to the lower bearing, which is a disadvantage of a small vertical type water turbine that cannot use a thrust bearing in terms of price and manufacturing against muddy water after heavy rain. (Patent Document 1)

  In addition, there is a water collecting device that uses a bowl-shaped water conveyance device as a water turbine, but this water conveyance device cannot sufficiently increase the energy density of river water, and therefore the turbine output cannot be increased. There is. In addition, since the upper water turbine is used, the height of the river must be higher than the diameter of the water turbine, and there is a problem that the level of the river that can be used is limited. (Patent Document 2)

  As a power generation device that responds to fluctuations in river water level, there is one that builds a stand on the river, suspends the water wheel with a wire, and raises and lowers the water wheel according to the water level of the river. The problem is that only a part of the velocity energy can be taken in and the efficiency as a power generator is poor. In addition, there is a problem that the water wheel needs to be adjusted frequently according to the water level of a rapidly changing small river. (Patent Document 3)

  Similarly, as a power generation device that responds to fluctuations in river water level, there is a method of connecting the upper and lower two water surfaces with water conduits, providing a float on the lower water surface, and supporting the water turbine, rotor and lower part of the water conduit with the buoyancy, This method has a problem that the buoyancy of the float must be further increased when the water conduit is full. Moreover, the diameter of the rotating body directly connected to the water wheel shaft cannot be made large, and therefore an intermediate speed increasing device must be provided in the transmission device to the generator, resulting in an inefficient power generation device. (Patent Document 4)

  JP2007-64141A   JP2013-83173A   JP2013-151871A   Utility Model 3-6067

  In view of the above problems, the present invention is a power generation device that is installed at a step in a small river, can generate power efficiently, and can be manufactured and installed at low cost. The aim is to provide a small hydroelectric generator that can be used.

  In order to make an efficient power generator (turbine), a guide duct having an inverted trapezoidal shape with a wide square water intake at the upstream side of the step and a narrow narrow outlet at the downstream side of the step is provided. The duct is a two-part structure of a duct base with a built-in rectifying plate and a duct lid, and is an internal pressure-resistant duct.

  In addition, a duct spoon with a shape that covers the water turbine runner from the lower side and closes both sides is attached to the constriction outlet at the tip of the induction duct, and the lower half of the water turbine runner rotates in this, The distance from the water turbine runner is narrowed toward the tip of the duct spoon, and the greatest feature is that the flow velocity energy and pressure energy at the constriction outlet are efficiently transmitted to the water turbine runner. River water that has finished transmitting energy is discharged from the tip of the duct spoon.

  Because the guide ducts are installed on the upstream and downstream sides of the river level, the turbines can be moved downstream from the river level, so the turbine bearings can be used against temporary water increases such as typhoons and heavy rains. Characterized by a structure that is difficult to flood.

In addition, the water wheel is a horizontal shaft type, and the wheel shaft is supported in the air by a suspension stand, so that it is difficult to flood.

  In order to cope with the seasonal drop in the river water level (the drought season), the raised channel provided at the lower part of the intake duct of the guide duct above the river level not only supports the guide duct in a rotatable manner, but is also necessary. Depending on the structure, it is characterized by a structure that can increase the height of the two steps and three steps to raise the water level upstream of the river step.

  In order to cope with the seasonal rise in river water level (water-filling season), hydraulic pipes that are installed on two sides of the river with two girder-shaped crossing piers through two lead bolts embedded on both sides of the river. It is characterized by vertically moving the cross-girder-shaped transfer platform with a jack, etc., and when it is at an arbitrary height, insert a pillow cradle near the lead bolt, and tighten and fix with a nut of the lead bolt, A suspension wheel attached to a cross-girder-like gantry is equipped with a water wheel, a narrowing outlet of a guide duct, a duct spoon, and the like, which can move up and down together with the cross-girder-like gantry according to the water level of the river.

  In order to deal with river inflow waste, a horizontal screen with equilateral mountain-shaped steel or round bars, round pipes, etc. attached at a clearance of 20 to 30 mm is provided on the support frame of the horizontal ladder, and upstream of the induction duct. It can be installed diagonally across the river width, and the upstream side is attached to the upstream part of the guide duct installation side bank, and the downstream side is attached downstream from the intake port of the induction duct on the step.

  Since production costs, construction costs, maintenance costs, etc. are low, the steel materials and parts used are all characterized by a skeleton structure that can be manufactured and assembled with JIS standard general-purpose products.

  Because the inverted trapezoidal induction duct installed in the river flow direction and the duct spoon provided at the constriction outlet, the flowing water energy raised by the induction duct can be efficiently transmitted to the turbine runner with the duct spoon. Will increase. That is, the size of the water turbine can be made compact compared to other water turbines with the same output.

  By providing a duct spoon shaped to cover the water turbine runner from below, the open water surface downstream of the step is allowed to the top of the duct spoon, so that the potential energy of the step can be utilized to the maximum. In other words, it is possible to use a river with a slight step of about 20 to 30 cm.

  By installing a guide duct from the upstream side to the downstream side of the river step, the turbine can be kept away from the river step by the length of the guide duct even when there is a momentary increase in the river level. The life of the bearing can be extended.

  Since a raised channel is provided between the bottom of the intake duct intake and the river bottom at the top of the step, the water level at the upstream of the river step can be raised during the dry season to increase the potential energy of the river water. A slight decrease can be compensated.

  The water wheel suspended on the crossing of a cross-shaped cross-girder that is passed to both banks of the river, the narrowing outlet of the induction duct and the duct spoon can be moved up and down according to the increase and decrease of the river water level. In this case, the turbine bearing is not submerged, and a suitable irradiation angle between the turbine and the induction duct can be maintained, so that a stable output and a longer life of the turbine bearing can be achieved.

  Since it is attached diagonally across the width of the river upstream of the intake duct before the intake duct, river waste captured by the horizontal screen is naturally guided downstream along the horizontal screen and passes through the intake duct intake. At that time, it is pushed away from the dust discharge port to the downstream of the step, so that it is possible to prevent water turbine trouble due to dust.

  The installation of this small hydroelectric generator does not require major river improvement or civil engineering work on the river.

  All of the steel materials and parts used are made of JIS standard general-purpose products, and the skeleton structure makes it easy to maintain and manage, as well as lower production costs, construction costs, and more versatility.

  Most of the components that make up this small hydroelectric power generator have a structure that can be housed in a river bank, so that even after installation, the surrounding landscape remains unnoticeable.

  It is the whole top view which constitutes the present invention.   It is a side view of the drought period constituting the present invention   It is a side view of the full water period which constitutes the present invention.   It is the whole front view which constitutes the present invention.   It is a schematic diagram of the induction duct used for the present invention.   It is a schematic diagram of the simple waterwheel used for the present invention.   FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dust screen used in the present invention.

  The small hydroelectric power generation apparatus of the present invention hangs an induction duct that increases the energy density of river water at the upstream and downstream of the steps using the steps of the small river, and efficiently supplies the flowing water energy to the turbine runner at the narrowed outlet. It is characterized by a horizontal axis type water turbine that rotates by immersing near the lower half of a water turbine runner with a plurality of curved blades in it. Spoon is the biggest feature that it is installed on a suspension base attached to a cross-shaped crossing platform that can be moved up and down passed on both banks of the river, and can move up and down according to the water level of the river, Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an overall plan view of the small hydroelectric generator of the present invention.
River water flowing in from the direction S of the arrow on the left side of the drawing is removed by the dust screen 18 to remove river waste of a size harmful to the turbine runner. The oversized garbage that cannot pass (sorted) through the dust screen is discharged to the dust discharge port 22 along the dust screen and is discharged to the downstream of the river level B. River water that has passed through the dust screen flows into the induction duct 5, increases the water pressure and flow velocity, and is guided from the constriction outlet 7 to the duct spoon 17.

In FIG. 2, since the high-speed flowing water led to the duct spoon 17 is gradually narrowed by the turbine runner and the duct spoon, the flow velocity energy is gradually transmitted to the curved blade of the turbine runner 16 to rotate the turbine. . River water, which has used up most of its energy, is discharged onto the water surface downstream from the tip of the duct spoon, ending its role.
This turbine installed on the basis of the water level downstream of the step in the dry season does not need to be raised until the open water surface F downstream of the step reaches the top end 29 of the duct spoon. Can be operated.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, if the intake height of the intake duct 6 of the induction duct is less than the suction height for temporary water increases such as typhoons and heavy rains, most of the water increase energy disappears as the rotational force of the turbine and remains. Is discharged downstream of the step from the dust discharge port 22.
In FIG. 3, even if the temporary water increase further increases and exceeds the intake height of the intake of the induction duct, the river water does not reach the bearings of the water turbine and falls on the water surface downstream of the step in the induction duct. To do.

  In the water turbine operation in the spring to autumn river flooding period of FIG. 3, the efficiency of the water turbine decreases when the river increases and the open water surface J downstream of the step becomes higher than the top 29 of the duct spoon. Therefore, it is necessary to always operate the top end 29 of the duct spoon at a position higher than the open water surface J downstream of the step. Since the horizontal axis 26 of the induction duct, the duct spoon 17, the water wheel bearing 13, etc. are attached to the suspension base 12 attached to the transfer stand 8, they are also raised by raising the transfer stand on both sides of the river. It will be.

  In FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, the upward movement of the cross-girder platform is performed by loosening the nuts of two lead bolts 10 on both sides of the river and moving the cross-girder platform vertically with a temporary hydraulic jack 9 or the like. When the duct spoon top 29 is sufficiently raised from the open water surface J downstream of the step (considering subsequent water increase), several pillow bases 11 are inserted between the lead bolt 10 and the concrete foundation 3 as shown in FIG. When the insertion base 8 becomes horizontal at an arbitrary height, the nut of the lead bolt is tightened to fix the transfer base at this position.

  Here, in order to operate the water turbine most efficiently, it is necessary to adjust the water wheel position and the irradiation angle of the induction duct. Since the irradiation angle of the induction duct with respect to the turbine runner is slightly different between the drought period of FIG. 2 and the high water period of FIG. 3, a suitable irradiation angle is obtained by adjusting the duct suspension bolt 2 and the duct spoon adjustment bolt 28. Determine (driving position).

  The operation of the water turbine in the transition period from the river flooding period to the drought period is the reverse of the procedure shown in [0031]. In other words, loosen the nuts of two lead bolts 10 on both banks of the river, insert a temporary hydraulic jack 9 between the bridge 8 and the concrete foundation 3, jack up once, remove the pillow pedestal, Move down to the height of and tighten the lead bolt nut to secure it.

Here, the transfer base is moved up and down using an inexpensive temporary jack because of the installation cost. However, it is also possible to move up and down alone by incorporating a screw jack, a connecting rod and an operation handle.

Industrial availability

A conventional so-called small hydroelectric generator is an expensive apparatus with a small output. This is partly due to the fact that the users did not go beyond the scope of public organizations, school materials or the hobby of rich people. The present invention is different from such an impractical power generation device, and aims to manufacture and construct a small hydraulic power generation device that is practical, inexpensive, and versatile. The small hydroelectric power generation apparatus of the present invention may be an illumination power source for agricultural house cultivation, a power source for a crime prevention light on a riverside road, a power source for an electric vehicle charging device, a power source for a future hydrogen generator, and the like.

1 Duct suspension base A Step upstream river bottom 2 Duct suspension bolt B River step 3 Concrete foundation C Step downstream river bottom 4 Anchor bolt D River revetment 5 Guidance duct E River revetment top 6 Duct intake F Drying level 7 Duct constriction exit J Full water Seasonal water level 8 Cross-girder-shaped pedestal S Flow direction 9 Temporary jack 10 Lead bolt Fig. 1 Overall plan view 11 Pillow base Fig. 2 Side view during drought 12 Suspension stand Fig. 3 Side view during full season 13 Turbine bearing Fig. 4 Overall front view 14 Turbine pulley 15 Timing belt Fig. 5 Guide duct schematic diagram 16 Turbine runner Fig. 5- (a) Guide duct three-dimensional schematic diagram 17 Duct spoon Fig. 5- (b) Guide duct plan view 18 Dust removal screen Fig. 5- (c) Side view of guide duct 19 Screen fixing channel FIG. 5- (d) Cross section of guide duct 20 Duct suspension wire 21 Clean suspension wire Fig. 6 Simplified water wheel schematic diagram 22 Garbage outlet Fig. 6- (a) Turbine runner front view 23 Raising channel Fig. 6 (b) Turbine runner side view 24 Hook angle 25 Generator Fig. 7 Outline of dust removal screen Fig. 26 Duct horizontal axis Fig. 7- (a) Screen mounting base 27 Connection angle Fig. 7- (b) Dust-removing screen normal 28 Duct spoon adjustment bolt Fig. 7- (c) Dust-removing screen side 29 Duct spoon top end 30 Rectification Plate 31 Duct lid 32 Duct base 33 Curved blade 34 Opening stopper

Claims (6)

  A guide duct that collects river water by using the level difference of the water channel, a cross-girder-like gantry crossed on both banks downstream of the step, a suspension base attached to the cross-girder-type gantry, a simple water wheel attached to the suspension base, and rotation A small hydroelectric generator comprising a transmission device and a generator.   The induction duct according to claim 1 is an inverted trapezoidal internal pressure-resistant duct that can be divided into two vertically divided trapezoidal intakes on the upstream side of the step, and has a hook angle at the bottom of the intake. It is characterized in that the guide duct can be rotated by being hooked on a raised channel provided on the riverbed upstream of the step. A small hydroelectric generator having an induction duct, wherein a narrowing outlet of the induction duct having a horizontal rectangle downstream of the step has a duct spoon containing a runner of a water turbine.   The cross-girder-like gantry according to claim 1 is a cross-girder-like gantry that is passed to both banks downstream of the level difference of the water channel, can be moved up and down, and can be fixed at an arbitrary height. A small hydroelectric power generation device having a cross-girder-like crossing stand, characterized in that the height adjustment device and suspension stand can be fixed.   The suspension base according to claim 1 is attached to the cross-girder-type crossing base and has a structure capable of antagonizing high-speed flowing water from the narrowing outlet of the induction duct, the connection angle with the induction duct, and the height of the duct spoon A small hydroelectric generator having a suspension base, characterized by comprising an adjusting device, a simple water wheel, a rotation transmission device and a generator.   The water turbine runner according to claim 1 penetrates through the center part of the drum cover and the drum-shaped drum lid that fixes the cylindrical drum and the blade from both sides, and dozens of curved blades and the cylindrical drum that supports them. A small hydroelectric generator characterized in that it is a horizontal axis type water turbine comprising an axle, and the axle rotates in the atmosphere.   A small hydroelectric generator comprising a horizontal dust screen installed on the upstream side of the intake port of the induction duct according to claim 1 obliquely across the water channel.

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