JP2015164734A - Treatment apparatus for pcb-contaminated substances other than nonferrous metals and other metals - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment apparatus for PCB-contaminated substances other than nonferrous and other metals, capable of removing various types of cleaning solvents after washing PCB-contaminated substances other than nonferrous and other metals such paper elements.SOLUTION: A treatment apparatus for PCB-contaminated substances other than nonferrous and other metals comprises: a washing device 13 washing PCB-contaminated substances 11 other than nonferrous and other metals with a cleaning solvent 12; a cleaning-solvent separator 14 separating the cleaning solvent 12 impregnated in treated PCB-contaminated substances 11A; a dryer 15 drying solvent-removed PCB-contaminated substances 11B; and an elution determination device 16 determining whether PCB is contained in dried PCB-contaminated substances 11C. The cleaning solvent separator 14 includes a press squeezing the cleaning solvent 12 while compressing the cleaning solvent 12; and a solvent recovery section recovering cleaning effluent, and the press includes a pressure section pressing the treated PCB-contaminated substances 11A; and a piston that can supply the cleaning solvent 12 to the treated PCB-contaminated substances 11A.

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals.

  Although PCB has been widely used as an insulating oil for transformers, capacitors, and the like, it is necessary to treat PCB due to its strong toxicity. For this reason, various decomposition methods for detoxifying the PCB have been proposed (see Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3).

Here, the PCB detoxification device processes only PCB, but the PCB contaminated container from which one PCB is extracted is subjected to a cleaning process with a cleaning liquid such as an organic solvent or a surfactant to render the container harmless. (Patent Document 4).
In addition, isopropyl alcohol (hereinafter also referred to as “IPA”) is used as an alcohol cleaning agent to remove PCBs from paper elements such as fluorescent lamp ballasts, transformers, condensers, etc., and the IPA containing the removed PCB is water. It was previously proposed to decompose PCB with a thermal decomposition processing apparatus (Patent Document 5).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-253895 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-253796 JP 2000-126588 A JP 2002-248455 A JP 2005-21830 A JP 2010-137156 A

However, although the cleaning method of Patent Document 5 can reliably remove PCB, a large amount of isopropyl alcohol as a cleaning solution and a high concentration of paper elements are stored.
Since isopropyl alcohol has a boiling point of 82.4 ° C., which is higher than that of ordinary organic solvents (n-hexane, acetone, etc.), there is a problem that it cannot be easily removed from the cleaning element.

  For example, a paper element containing such high-concentration isopropyl alcohol (IPA) requires strict management such as measures against its IPA odor when stored and managed.

  The paper element is high-quality paper and can be reused. However, when it contains a large amount of isopropyl alcohol, there are problems that the working environment related to reuse deteriorates and handling is difficult.

  Therefore, the present inventors have previously proposed a removal device that removes isopropyl alcohol from a paper element using washing water (Patent Document 6).

  However, in the proposal of Patent Document 6, as a result of using a large amount of washing water, it is necessary to treat the washing wastewater with a hydrothermal decomposition treatment apparatus, and there is a problem that a processing load is imposed on the hydrothermal decomposition treatment apparatus. is there.

  Therefore, it is anxious to remove a cleaning solvent such as isopropyl alcohol which does not have a load on the hydrothermal decomposition treatment apparatus.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention is a PCB contaminant other than non-ferrous metals that can remove various cleaning solvents after cleaning PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals such as paper elements that are PCB contaminants. It is an object of the present invention to provide a substance processing apparatus.

  The apparatus for treating PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals and metals according to the present invention is impregnated in a cleaning apparatus for cleaning PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals and metals with a cleaning solvent, and a PCB-contaminated product cleaned by the cleaning apparatus. Determining the presence or absence of PCB contained in the dried PCB contaminated processed product after drying, the cleaning solvent separating device for separating the cleaning solvent, the drying device for drying the solvent removed PCB contaminated processed product from which the solvent has been removed by the cleaning solvent separating device An elution determination device, and the cleaning solvent separation device includes a squeezer that compresses the cleaning solvent from the PCB-contaminated treated product, and a solvent recovery unit that recovers the squeezed cleaning waste liquid, The pressing machine is provided with a pressing unit that presses the PCB-contaminated processed product put into the compressor, and a piston that is provided in the pressing unit and can supply a cleaning solvent to the solvent-removed PCB-contaminated processed product. Characterized by comprising a.

  In addition, the processing apparatus for PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals and metals according to the present invention is impregnated in a cleaning apparatus for cleaning PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals and metals with a cleaning solvent, and a PCB contaminated material cleaned by the cleaning apparatus. A cleaning solvent separating device for separating the cleaning solvent, a drying device for drying the solvent-removed PCB-contaminated treated product from which the solvent has been removed by the cleaning solvent separating device, and the presence or absence of contained PCB in the dried PCB-contaminated treated product after drying. An elution determination device for determining, wherein the cleaning solvent separation device centrifuges and dehydrates the PCB-contaminated treated product introduced therein, and the PCB-contaminated treated product in the centrifuge Spraying means for spraying the cleaning solvent, and a solvent recovery unit for recovering the centrifuged cleaning solvent, and spraying the cleaning solvent by the spraying means and centrifuging by the centrifugal separator Repeat away Metropolitan alternately, characterized in that the solvent separated.

  In the processing apparatus for PCB contaminants other than the non-ferrous metals of the present invention, it is preferable to wash with isopropyl alcohol or hexane when separating with the cleaning solvent separator.

  According to the present invention, after washing PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals such as paper elements, which are PCB contaminants, various cleaning solvents are further separated and removed, so that cleaning water can be used as in the past. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the processing load in the conventional hydrothermal decomposition apparatus for washing water.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for treating PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to the third embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by this Example, Moreover, when there exists multiple Example, what comprises combining each Example is also included. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

An apparatus for treating PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals according to embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for treating PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals according to the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the processing apparatus for PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals and metals according to this embodiment is a solvent for cleaning PCB contaminants 11 other than non-ferrous metals and metals that have been subdivided (for example, pulverized and cut). 12, a cleaning device 13 for cleaning, a cleaning solvent separating device 14 for separating the cleaning solvent 12 impregnated in the cleaned PCB-contaminated treated product 11A after cleaning with the cleaning device 13, and a solvent for the cleaning solvent separating device 14 The solvent removal PCB contaminated product 11B from which the solvent has been removed is dried near the boiling point of the cleaning solvent (for example, 80 ° C.), and the elution determination device that determines the presence or absence of contained PCB in the dried PCB contaminated product 11C after drying 16.

  Here, the PCB contaminant in the present invention is a decomposed processed product such as a transformer and a capacitor using an insulating oil containing PCB. Among the processed products subdivided by a pulverizing means and a cutting means, non-ferrous, This refers to contaminants that are attached to or contain PCBs such as insulating paper, wood, wood waste, etc., cloth, cloth waste, sludge, etc. other than metal. Here, waste cloth and sludge are not components such as transformers, but PCBs such as those obtained by wiping off the treated material, work clothes, residues thereof, or sludge from the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus in the PCB treatment process. This is a contaminated product, and a PCB-contaminated product generated in a PCB processing facility is stored in, for example, a drum can. In addition, since these PCB contaminants cannot be processed as general wastes after PCB removal, it is necessary to finally perform solvent cleaning.

  The cleaning device 14 for cleaning the PCB contaminant 11 is a known PCB cleaning device in a PCB processing facility that is currently in operation. For example, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or the like is used as a cleaning solvent, and PCB is used as a cleaning liquid. The PCB is removed from the PCB contaminant 11 by immersing the contaminant 11 for a predetermined time or a predetermined number of times.

Since a large amount of IPA, which is a solvent, remains in the PCB contaminated processed product 11A cleaned and removed by the cleaning device 13, the cleaning solvent is separated by the cleaning solvent separation device 14 to remove the solvent.
The solvent removal / separation apparatus 14 will be described in detail in Example 2 and later.

  The solvent-removed PCB-contaminated processed product 11B is then dried by the drying device 15.

  In addition, the drying device 15 performs drying using, for example, an explosion-proof dryer or a microwave dryer. During this drying, evaporation of the solvent and evaporation of the trace amount of PCB are promoted.

The vapor phase composition in this dryer is preferably dried using either one or both of N ₂ gas and CO ₂ gas.
Here, nitrogen gas has an effect of maintaining inertness, and CO ₂ gas has an effect of dissolving PCB.
Therefore, it is preferable to use a mixed gas of both, because the inside of the drying apparatus is made an inert atmosphere and a further PCB cleaning effect is exhibited.

  The dried PCB-contaminated processed product 11C that has been subjected to predetermined drying by the drying device 15 is determined by the elution determination device 16 that determines whether PCB remains.

  In this elution determination device 16, the dried PCB contamination treated product 11C is immersed in the determination tank, the PCB remaining in the determination liquid is dissolved, and the concentration of PCB in the determination liquid is measured by the analysis means, thereby indirectly. The residual amount is measured.

  Here, examples of the determination liquid include hexane, isopropyl alcohol, or a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water, trichloroethane, and paraffin hydrocarbons.

  In this elution determination device 16, what is determined that the PCB is removed below the processing standard is an acceptable product 17A. When this acceptable product 17A is stored in a separate storage until it is discharged, since the IPA as the cleaning solvent 12 is removed, it does not contain a large amount of isopropyl alcohol, and the work environment related to reuse is reduced. , Handling becomes easy.

The rejected product 17B is cleaned again by the cleaning device 13 or when a very small amount of PCB remains, the cleaning solvent separation device 14 removes the cleaning solvent and reduces the remaining amount of PCB. It may be.
This is because PCB remains in the remaining cleaning solvent 12, and the concentration of PCB may be below the standard by further solvent cleaning at the time of solvent separation in the cleaning solvent separator 14. Because.

  Therefore, conventionally, all the rejected products 17B in the elution determination device 16 have to be re-cleaned in the cleaning device 13, but the processing of the rejected products 17B in the vicinity of a very small amount of the determination criterion is large. Even if the cleaning device 13 is not used, the concentration in the PCB can be reduced to a reference value or less by the processing in the cleaning solvent separator 14.

  In this embodiment, IPA is used as the cleaning solvent 12, but alcohol, acetone, toluene and the like can be used in addition to IPA.

A cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to the second embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cleaning solvent separation device 14A according to the present embodiment includes a pair of opposed rollers 21 and 21, a roller portion 22 that squeezes the cleaning solvent from the PCB contaminated processed product 11A, and the roller portion 22 Spraying means 23 for spraying a cleaning solvent (for example, IPA) 12 on PCB contaminated processed product 11A squeezed in step 1, receiving tray 24 for receiving solvent-removed PCB contaminated processed product 11B squeezed by roller unit 22, and squeezed cleaning solvent And a solvent recovery unit 26 for recovering the waste liquid 25 such as the sprayed cleaning solvent.
Reference numeral 28 denotes a conveying means for conveying the PCB contaminated processed product 11A.

Since the PCB-contaminated processed product 11A contains IPA as a cleaning solvent, the IPA is squeezed through the roller portion 22 composed of a pair of rollers 21 and 21.
At this time, after the IPA as the cleaning solvent 12 is sprayed from the cleaning solvent supply unit 27, the cleaning solvent 12 to be impregnated is squeezed out to perform the solvent removal process.
The solvent-removed PCB contaminated material 11B that has passed through the roller portion 22 is received by the tray 24. At this time, the waste liquid 25 can be recovered by the solvent recovery unit 26 by installing a mesh net 24 a on the bottom surface of the tray 24.

Moreover, it is preferable that the rollers 21 and 21 have the groove | channel 21a in the surface at the point which exhibits a solvent removal function.
In addition, the roller portion 22 is fixed with a fixed frame (not shown) in an inclined shape so that the squeezed cleaning solvent flows down to one end portion of the roller.
This facilitates collection of the waste liquid 25, which is the squeezed solvent, into the solvent recovery unit 26.
The solvent-removed PCB-contaminated processed product 11B from which the solvent has been squeezed out is transported to the graduation determination process after drying.

  On the other hand, since the squeezed solvent contains PCB, it is conveyed to a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus and hydrothermally decomposed here.

When separating with the cleaning solvent separation device 14A, it is preferable to use isopropyl alcohol or hexane as the cleaning solvent 12. Moreover, when using IPA, it is preferable to use the water dilution solvent which added water to IPA.
The dilution concentration of IPA in water is not particularly limited. For example, IPA 60 (IPA: 60% by volume (hereinafter referred to as “%”), H ₂ O: 40%), IPA 50 (IPA: 50%, H ₂ O: 50%) is preferable.

This is because when the 60% IPA aqueous solution is used, the flash point (11.7 ° C) of IPA rises and it is safer than ethanol (flash point: 12.8 ° C). It becomes the handling as. Further, by diluting with water, the odor of IPA is eliminated, and the workability is greatly improved as compared with the use of 100% IPA.
In addition, 60% IPA has a lower ability to dissolve oil and PCB than IPA 100%, but the workability in the subsequent drying process is facilitated.

A cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to the third embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, the cleaning solvent separation device 14B according to the present embodiment includes a press 33 having a mesh portion 33a and a mesh portion 33a, and a bottom portion that squeezes the cleaning solvent from the PCB-contaminated processed product 11A by the pressing portion 31. And a solvent recovery unit 34 for recovering the solvent waste liquid 25 squeezed more.

In the present embodiment, the cleaning solvent 12 is squeezed from the PCB contaminated processed product 11 </ b> A when the finely cut PCB contaminated processed product 11 </ b> A is pressed by the pressing portion 32 of the pressing machine 33.
In this case, the cleaning effect may be further exerted by pressing while supplying the cleaning solvent 12 into the piston 32a of the pressing portion.
In addition to the mesh portion 33a, the bottom surface of the pressing machine 33 may be punched metal in order to discharge the solvent waste liquid 25.

  At the time of pressing, the PCB contaminated processed product 11A is put into the pressing machine 33 so as to contain a large amount of cleaning solvent, and the cleaning solvent 12 is further supplied from the piston 32a and pressed by the pressing portion 32 from above. Even during the compression, the cleaning solvent squeezed by supplying the cleaning solvent 12 can be prevented from being reabsorbed and washed away.

The solvent-removed PCB-contaminated processed product 11B from which the solvent has been squeezed out is transported to the graduation determination process after drying.
On the other hand, since the squeezed solvent contains PCB, it is conveyed to a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus and hydrothermally decomposed here.

A cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 4, the cleaning solvent separation device 14C according to the present embodiment sucks the cleaning solvent from the endless belt 41 that conveys the PCB contaminated processed material 11A from one end to the other end and the back side of the endless belt 41. The solvent recovery unit 34 for sucking and recovering the cleaning solvent, the spraying means 23 for spraying the cleaning solvent 12 on the PCB contaminated processed product 11A being conveyed on the endless belt, and the solvent-removed PCB contaminated processed product 11B are received. A saucer 24.

When the PCB contaminated product 11A is a solid slurry such as paper or sludge, the solvent content of the slurry is sucked from the back side of the transport belt by suction means such as a suction pump P. .
At this time, the cleaning solvent 12 from the cleaning solvent supply unit 27 is supplied from the upper surface side of the conveying belt by the spraying means 23 so that the solvent in the solid slurry is suction filtered and impregnated into the pores inside the paper. It is possible to draw out residual solvent and PCB.

The solvent-removed PCB-contaminated processed product 11B from which the solvent has been squeezed out is transported to the graduation determination process after drying.
On the other hand, since the squeezed solvent contains PCB, it is conveyed to a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus and hydrothermally decomposed here.

A cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cleaning solvent separation apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 5, the cleaning solvent separation device 14D according to the present embodiment includes a centrifuge device 52 that centrifuges the PCB contaminated material 11A into the centrifuge tank 51, and centrifuges the centrifuge device 52. Further, a solvent supply for supplying the cleaning solvent 12 and a solvent recovery unit 34 for recovering the centrifuged cleaning waste liquid 25 are provided.

A PCB-contaminated product (not shown) is placed in the centrifuge tank 51 and sprayed with the cleaning solvent 12. Thereafter, centrifugal dehydration is performed to separate and remove the solvent waste liquid 25. The G value at the time of centrifugal dehydration is preferably about 2 to 5 G and rotated.
By repeating the spraying of the cleaning solvent 12 and the operation of centrifugal dehydration alternately about 2 to 5 times, the solvent separation is completed.

  Moreover, the inside of the centrifuge tank is heated by a heating means, sprayed with a preliminarily heated cleaning solvent 12, and desolvation operation at 40 to 60 ° C. improves the dissolving power in the cleaning solvent. The permeability and the detachability may be improved by reducing the viscosity of the solvent.

The solvent-removed PCB-contaminated processed product 11B from which the solvent has been squeezed out is transported to the graduation determination process after drying.
On the other hand, since the squeezed solvent contains PCB, it is conveyed to a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus and hydrothermally decomposed here.

11 PCB contamination other than non-ferrous metals and metals 11A PCB contamination treated product 11B Solvent removal PCB contamination treated product 12 Cleaning solvent 13 Cleaning device 14, 14A-14D Cleaning solvent separation device 15 Drying device 16 Elution determination device

Claims (3)

A cleaning device for cleaning PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals and metals with a cleaning solvent;
A cleaning solvent separation device for separating the cleaning solvent impregnated in the PCB-contaminated treated product cleaned by the cleaning device;
A drying device for drying the solvent-removed PCB-contaminated treated product from which the solvent has been removed by the cleaning solvent separating device;
An elution determination device for determining the presence or absence of contained PCB in the dried PCB-contaminated processed product after drying,
The washing solvent separating device squeezes the washing solvent from the PCB-contaminated processed material while compressing the washing solvent;
A solvent recovery unit for recovering the squeezed cleaning waste liquid,
The squeezer includes a pressing unit that presses the PCB-contaminated processed product put into the compressor, and a piston that is provided in the pressing unit and can supply a cleaning solvent to the solvent-removed PCB-contaminated processed product. An apparatus for treating PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals. A cleaning device for cleaning PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals and metals with a cleaning solvent;
A cleaning solvent separation device for separating the cleaning solvent impregnated in the PCB-contaminated treated product cleaned by the cleaning device;
A drying device for drying the solvent-removed PCB-contaminated treated product from which the solvent has been removed by the cleaning solvent separating device;
An elution determination device for determining the presence or absence of contained PCB in the dried PCB-contaminated processed product after drying,
A centrifugal separator for centrifuging and dewatering the PCB-contaminated treated product introduced into the cleaning solvent separator;
Spraying means for spraying a cleaning solvent onto the PCB-contaminated treated product in the centrifugal separator;
A solvent recovery unit for recovering the centrifuged cleaning solvent,
An apparatus for treating PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals, wherein the solvent is separated by alternately repeating spraying of the cleaning solvent by the spraying means and centrifugation by the centrifugal separator.   The apparatus for treating PCB contaminants other than non-ferrous metals and metals according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is washed with isopropyl alcohol or hexane when separated by the washing solvent separation apparatus.

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