JP2015159994A - Apparatus and method for cleaning hemodialysis apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and method for cleaning a hemodialysis apparatus in which a cleaning solution of not less than a volume of a cleaning solution introduction section can be introduced in a cleaning solution circulation channel, without increasing the volume of the cleaning solution introduction section to not less than the amount of a necessary cleaning solution.SOLUTION: A cleaning solution is circulated in a cleaning solution circulation channel comprising a closed circuit and the cleaning of each section is carried out. An ultrafiltration pump UFP is operated while not forming the cleaning solution circulation channel, and introduces the cleaning solution of a predetermined amount into a cleaning solution introduction section comprising a dialysis fluid recovery passage 24, an ultrafiltration passage 35 and a drainage passage 29 constituting the cleaning solution circulation channel. Next, the ultrafiltration pump is reversely operated while forming the cleaning solution circulation channel, and refluxes and extrudes the cleaning solution introduced into the cleaning solution introduction section from the cleaning solution introduction section to the cleaning solution circulation channel of a dialysis fluid supply passage side. Further, the ultrafiltration pump is operated while not forming the cleaning solution circulation channel, and additionally introduces a new cleaning solution to the cleaning solution introduction section. The cleaning solution can additionally be introduced in the cleaning solution introduction section by extruding the cleaning solution introduced into the cleaning solution introduction section from the cleaning solution introduction section, and thereby a required amount of cleaning solution can be introduced in the cleaning solution circulation channel without extending a length of the cleaning solution introduction section.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cleaning device and a cleaning method for a hemodialysis apparatus, and more specifically, a cleaning liquid having a predetermined concentration can be obtained by introducing a predetermined amount of cleaning liquid into a dialysate circuit of a hemodialysis apparatus at the start of cleaning. The present invention relates to a cleaning device and a cleaning method for a hemodialysis apparatus.

Conventionally, as a cleaning device for hemodialyzers, dialysate supply means for supplying a predetermined amount of fresh dialysate to a dialyzer via a dialysate supply passage, and supply of fresh dialysate to the dialysate supply means A liquid circuit, a dialysate recovery means for recovering the same amount of the used dialysate that has passed through the dialyzer through the dialysate recovery passage, and a used dialysate recovered by the dialysate recovery means A drainage passage that drains to the outside and a drainage passage that connects the dialysate recovery passage and the drainage passage, and passes the used dialysate flowing through the dialysate recovery passage to the drainage passage by the required drainage amount. The draining means for discharging, the cleaning liquid supply means for supplying the cleaning liquid to the dialysate recovery passage through the first cleaning liquid supply passage, and the drainage passage and the liquid supply circuit are connected to circulate the cleaning liquid at the time of cleaning. A cleaning fluid circulation path consisting of a closed circuit for And a circulation passage,
At the start of cleaning, the dewatering means is operated in a state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is not formed, and a predetermined amount of the cleaning liquid is supplied from the cleaning liquid supply means to the dialysate recovery path, the water removal path, and the cleaning liquid circulation path. An apparatus that is introduced into a cleaning liquid introduction section including a drainage passage is known (Patent Document 1).
The water removal means has a function of discharging the used dialysate flowing through the dialysate recovery passage to the drainage passage while measuring a required amount of water removal. If the cleaning liquid is introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section, the introduction amount of the cleaning liquid introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section can be managed, and therefore the concentration of the introduced cleaning liquid can be managed at a predetermined concentration.

Japanese Patent No. 4400790

By the way, even if the dewatering means is operated in the state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is formed, the cleaning liquid is introduced into the cleaning liquid circulation path from the external cleaning liquid supply means only by flowing the liquid in the cleaning liquid circulation path which is a closed circuit. Therefore, when the cleaning liquid is introduced into the cleaning liquid circulation path from the outside, it is necessary to operate the water removal means without forming the cleaning liquid circulation path.
That is, the cleaning liquid can be introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section constituted by the dialysate recovery passage, the water removal passage, and the drainage passage by operating the water removal means without forming the cleaning liquid circulation path. However, it cannot be introduced into other cleaning liquid circulation paths, for example, circulation paths that connect the drainage path and the liquid supply path.
As a result, the maximum amount of cleaning liquid that can be introduced depends on the volume of the cleaning liquid introduction section, and in order to introduce a necessary amount of cleaning liquid, it is necessary to set the volume of the cleaning liquid introduction section to be equal to or greater than the required amount of cleaning liquid. is there. Therefore, conventionally, by increasing the volume of the cleaning liquid introduction section in the drainage passage, that is, drainage between the connection point between the drainage passage and the drainage passage and the connection point between the drainage passage and the circulation passage. By increasing the length of the passage, the volume of the cleaning liquid introduction section is increased, and the length of the drainage passage is correspondingly increased.
In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a hemodialysis apparatus that can introduce a cleaning liquid larger than the volume of the cleaning liquid introduction section into the cleaning liquid circulation path without increasing the volume of the cleaning liquid introduction section beyond the amount of the necessary cleaning liquid. An apparatus for cleaning an apparatus and a cleaning method are provided.

That is, the cleaning device for a hemodialysis apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a dialysate supply means for supplying a predetermined amount of fresh dialysate to the dialyzer via the dialysate supply passage, and a fresh dial in the dialysate supply means. A liquid supply circuit for supplying a dialysate, a dialysate recovery means for recovering the same amount of the used dialysate that has passed through the dialyzer through the dialysate recovery passage, and recovery by the dialysate recovery means Provided in a drainage passage for discharging the used dialysate to the outside, and a water removal passage connecting the dialysate recovery passage and the drainage passage. A drainage means for discharging the drainage amount into the drainage passage, a cleaning liquid supply means for supplying a cleaning liquid to the dialysate recovery passage through the first cleaning liquid supply passage, and the drainage passage and the liquid supply circuit are connected to each other. Cleaning consisting of a closed circuit for circulating the cleaning liquid during cleaning And a circulating passage to form a liquid circulation path,
At the start of cleaning, the dewatering means is operated in a state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is not formed, and a predetermined amount of the cleaning liquid is supplied from the cleaning liquid supply means to the dialysate recovery path, the water removal path, and the cleaning liquid circulation path. In the hemodialysis machine cleaning apparatus introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section consisting of the drainage passage,
The dewatering means is operated in a state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is not formed at the start of cleaning, and a first cleaning liquid introduction operation for introducing a predetermined amount of cleaning liquid from the cleaning liquid supply means into the cleaning liquid introduction section, and the cleaning liquid circulation A cleaning liquid backflow operation in which the cleaning liquid that is reversely operated in a state in which the path is formed and is introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section by the first cleaning liquid introduction operation flows back to the cleaning liquid circulation path on the dialysate supply passage side from the cleaning liquid introduction section; Further, the second cleaning liquid introduction operation is performed in a state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is not formed, and an additional cleaning liquid is additionally introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section from the cleaning liquid supply means.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cleaning a hemodialysis apparatus according to the present invention, comprising: a dialysate supply means for supplying a predetermined amount of fresh dialysate to a dialyzer via a dialysate supply passage; A liquid supply circuit for supplying a dialysate, a dialysate recovery means for recovering the same amount of the used dialysate that has passed through the dialyzer through the dialysate recovery passage, and recovery by the dialysate recovery means Provided in a drainage passage for discharging the used dialysate to the outside, and a water removal passage connecting the dialysate recovery passage and the drainage passage. A drainage means for discharging the drainage amount into the drainage passage, a cleaning liquid supply means for supplying a cleaning liquid to the dialysate recovery passage through the first cleaning liquid supply passage, and the drainage passage and the liquid supply circuit are connected to each other. Cleaning liquid consisting of a closed circuit for circulating cleaning liquid during cleaning And a circulating passage to form a ring path,
At the start of cleaning, the dewatering means is operated in a state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is not formed, and a predetermined amount of the cleaning liquid is supplied from the cleaning liquid supply means to the dialysate recovery path, the water removal path, and the cleaning liquid circulation path. In the cleaning method of the hemodialysis apparatus introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section consisting of the drainage passage,
At the start of cleaning, a first cleaning liquid introduction operation for introducing a predetermined amount of cleaning liquid from the cleaning liquid supply means into the cleaning liquid introduction section without forming the cleaning liquid circulation path, and the first cleaning liquid with the cleaning liquid circulation path formed. A cleaning liquid back-flow operation in which the cleaning liquid introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section by the introduction operation flows back to the cleaning liquid circulation path on the dialysate supply passage side from the cleaning liquid introduction section, and the cleaning liquid supply means without forming the cleaning liquid circulation path. The second cleaning liquid introduction operation for additionally introducing the additional cleaning liquid into the cleaning liquid introduction section is sequentially performed.

According to the cleaning apparatus and the cleaning method of the hemodialysis apparatus of the present invention, at the start of cleaning, first, the first cleaning liquid introduction operation is performed to introduce a predetermined amount of the cleaning liquid from the cleaning liquid supply means without forming the cleaning liquid circulation path. Can be introduced into the section.
Next, the cleaning liquid introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section by the first cleaning liquid introduction operation in the state in which the cleaning liquid circulation path is formed by the cleaning liquid backflow operation is transferred to the cleaning liquid circulation path on the dialysate supply passage side from the cleaning liquid introduction section. It can be made to flow backward. That is, in the state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is formed, the liquid in the cleaning liquid circulation path only circulates in the cleaning liquid circulation path, so that a part of the cleaning liquid introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section can be obtained by backflowing the liquid in the cleaning liquid circulation path. Alternatively, the whole can be pushed out to the washing liquid circulation path on the dialysate supply passage side from the washing liquid introduction section. In other words, purified water that is not the cleaning liquid in the circulation passage can be introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section from the circulation passage side connected to the drainage passage constituting the cleaning liquid introduction section.
And after that, if additional cleaning liquid is additionally introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section from the cleaning liquid supply means without forming the cleaning liquid circulation path by the second cleaning liquid introduction operation, without increasing the volume of the cleaning liquid introduction section, An amount of cleaning liquid larger than the volume of the cleaning liquid introduction section can be introduced into the cleaning liquid circulation path.
Therefore, since it is possible to introduce a cleaning liquid having a volume larger than that without increasing the length of the drainage passage, it is possible to reduce the overall length of the circuit of the hemodialysis apparatus and to reduce the size of the circuit. Become.

The circuit diagram which shows the position Example of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the state which introduce | transduces the washing | cleaning liquid into the washing | cleaning-liquid circulation path | route using the dialysis-liquid supply chambers 21a and 22a of the dialysate chambers 21 and 22. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the state which has moved the washing | cleaning liquid of the dialysate supply chambers 21a and 22a to the dialysate collection | recovery chambers 21b and 22b side. Explanatory drawing which shows the state which has introduce | transduced the washing | cleaning liquid into the washing | cleaning-liquid circulation path | route using the dialysate supply chamber 21a of one of the dialysate chambers 21 and 22. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the state which introduce | transduces the washing | cleaning liquid into the washing | cleaning-liquid introduction area in a washing | cleaning-liquid circulation path | route using the water removal pump UFP. Explanatory drawing which shows the state which pushes back the washing | cleaning liquid introduced into the washing | cleaning-liquid introduction area by reversely operating the water removal pump UFP to the washing | cleaning-liquid circulation path | route of the dialysate supply path side rather than this washing | cleaning-liquid introduction area.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the illustrated embodiment. FIG. 1 shows a circuit of a hemodialysis apparatus 1 for performing dialysis treatment. The hemodialysis apparatus 1 is controlled by a control means (not shown).
The hemodialysis apparatus 1 is connected to a dialyzer 2 that performs dialysis between blood and dialysate by diffusion, ultrafiltration, and osmotic pressure, a blood circuit 3 connected to the dialyzer 2, and a dialyzer 2 The dialysate circuit 4 is provided.
In addition, the hemodialysis apparatus 1 of this embodiment can prepare a dialysate, and includes an A liquid tank 5A and a B liquid tank 5B that store the A liquid and the B liquid, which are stock solutions of the dialysate.

  The blood circuit 3 is composed of an arterial passage 11 connected to a patient's blood vessel and supplying blood to the dialyzer 2, and a venous passage 12 for returning blood from the dialyzer 2 to the patient. It is composed of a tube made of resin (for example, polyvinyl chloride) having flexibility. The artery side passage 11 is provided with a blood pump 13 for feeding blood.

The dialysate circuit 4 includes a dialysate supply means 15 for supplying a predetermined amount of fresh dialysate to the dialyzer 2, and a dialysate for recovering the same amount of used dialysate that has passed through the dialyzer 2 as the predetermined amount. And a recovery means 16.
In the present embodiment, the dialysate supply means 15 and the dialysate recovery means 16 are provided with two identical first dialysate chambers 21 and second dialysate chambers 22. A partition wall such as a piston partitions the dialysate supply chambers 21a and 22a for supplying fresh dialysate and dialysate recovery chambers 21b and 22b for recovering used dialysate. The dialysate supply chambers 21a and 22a constitute a part of the dialysate supply means 15, and the dialysate recovery chambers 21b and 22b constitute a part of the dialysate recovery means 16, respectively.
The supply chambers 21a and 22a of the two dialysate chambers 21 and 22 and the dialyzer 2 are connected by a dialysate supply passage 23 through which fresh dialysate flows, and the dialyzer 2 and the two dialysate chambers are connected. The dialysate recovery chambers 21b and 22b of 21 and 22 are connected by a dialysate recovery passage 24 through which used dialysate flows.

A liquid supply circuit 25 is connected to the supply chambers 21a and 22a of the two dialysate chambers 21 and 22, and the liquid supply circuit 25 is connected to a water supply passage (not shown) for supplying purified water. 26 and dialysate stock solution passages 27A and 27B communicated with the A liquid tank 5A and the B liquid tank 5B, respectively. The downstream side of the liquid supply circuit 25 branches in two directions and is connected to the supply chambers 21a and 22a. The branched passages are provided with liquid supply valves V5a and V7a that are opened and closed by the control of the control means, respectively. It has been.
As a result, the dialysate can be prepared by mixing the water and the dialysate stock solution in the supply chambers 21a and 22a.
On the other hand, the dialysate recovery chambers 21b and 22b are connected to a dialysate waste fluid passage 29 for discharging the used dialysate to a drainage tank (not shown), and the upstream portion of the dialysate waste fluid passage 29 has two directions. And are connected to the dialysate collection chambers 21b and 22b, respectively, and drainage valves V6b and V8b that are opened and closed under the control of the control means are provided at the branch portions.

The upstream portion of the dialysate supply passage 23 branches in two directions and is connected to the supply chambers 21a and 22a of the first and second dialysate chambers 21 and 22, respectively. Supply valves V5b and V7b that are opened and closed under the control of are provided.
Further, the downstream portion of the dialysate supply passage 23 can be connected to the dialyzer 2 via the connector 23a, and is detached from the dialyzer 2 when the dialysate circuit 4 is washed.
Further, the dialysate supply passage 23 is provided with a cut filter CF that removes harmful components of the dialysate, and an on-off valve V9b that is opened and closed by the control of the control means, and the dialysate recovery passage 24 also has the control means. There is provided an on-off valve V19 that is opened / closed by the above control.

Connected to the primary side of the cut filter CF is a bypass passage 31 for communicating the dialysate supply passage 23 and the dialysate recovery passage 24 downstream of the on-off valve V19. There is provided an on-off valve V9a that is opened and closed by the control.
During the dialysis treatment, the on-off valves V9b and V19 are opened and the on-off valve V9a is closed. For example, when a concentration defect is detected by a concentration sensor (not shown), the on-off valves V9b and V19 are opened. By closing and opening the on-off valve V9a, the defective dialysate can be sent to the dialysate recovery passage 24 via the bypass passage 31 without passing through the dialyzer 2.

The downstream portion of the dialysate recovery passage 24 branches in two directions and is connected to the dialysate recovery chambers 21b and 22b of the first and second dialysate chambers 21 and 22, respectively. Recovery valves V6a and V8a that are opened and closed by control are provided.
On the other hand, the upstream portion of the dialysate recovery passage 24 can be connected to the dialyzer 2 via a connector 24a, and when the dialysate circuit 4 is washed, the dialysate 2 is separated from the dialysate 2 and The connector 23a of the supply passage 23 is connected.
The dialysate recovery passage 24 is provided with a dialysate pump P2 for sending dialysate and a deaeration tank AS2 in series. A branch passage 32 is provided in parallel therewith, and the needle valve NV5 and the leakage are provided here. Blood sensor BLD is arranged in series.

When hemodialysis is performed, fresh dialysate is supplied from one of the first and second dialysate chambers 21, 22, for example, the dialysate supply chamber 21 a of the first dialysate chamber 21. Prepared. At this time, the on-off valves V55 and V1 are opened, the liquid supply valve V5b is closed, and the liquid supply valve V5a is opened. In this state, the pump P1 is activated and purified water is supplied to the dialysate supply chamber 21a via the water supply passage 26.
Further, the on-off valve V43 is opened and the pump P3 is activated to supply the A liquid in the A liquid tank 5A to the dialysate supply chamber 21a via the raw solution passage 27A. Further, the on-off valve V29 is opened and the pump P4 is opened. Is started, and the B liquid in the B liquid tank 5B is supplied to the dialysate supply chamber 21a via the raw solution passage 27B.
The operation timing of each of the pumps P1, P3, and P4 is controlled by the control means so that fresh dialysate is prepared by mixing water and the stock solution of dialysate in the supply chamber 21a. Become.
At this time, the drain valve V6b is opened and the drain valve V6a is closed. When the pumps P1, P3, and P4 are operated and liquid is introduced into the supply chamber 21a, the drain valve V6b is introduced. Accordingly, the partition wall partitioning the inside of the first dialysate chamber 21 is moved, so that the used dialysate that has already been collected in the dialysate collection chamber 21b is released to the outside through the drainage passage 29 by the same amount. It will be discharged.

When the dialysate is prepared by the first dialysate chamber 21, the dialysate in the supply chamber 22a of the second dialysate chamber 22 is activated by the start of the dialysate pump P2 provided in the dialysate recovery passage 24. It is supplied to the dialyzer 2 through the dialysate supply passage 23. At this time, the valves V7b, V9b, V19 and V8a are opened, and the valves V7a, V9a and V8b are closed.
When the volume of the supply chamber 22a is reduced, fresh dialysate is supplied from the supply chamber 22a to the dialyzer 2, and at the same time, the volume of the other dialysate recovery chamber 22b is increased. The same amount of used dialysate supplied to 2 is recovered.
At this time, a part of the used dialysate flowing through the dialysate recovery passage 24 flows through the needle valve NV5 and the blood leakage sensor BLD in the branch passage 32, and blood leaked into the dialysate by the blood leakage sensor BLD. Whether or not is detected.

  Further, a water removal passage 35 is provided between the downstream portion of the dialysate recovery passage 24 and the drainage passage 29, and the dialysate recovery passage 24 is circulated through the water removal passage 35. A water removal pump UFP is provided as a water removal means for discharging the already dialysate into the drainage passage 29 by a required amount of water removal. With this water removal pump UFP, it is possible to discharge waste from the blood in an amount corresponding to the water removal amount during dialysis.

Next, in order to wash the dialysate circuit 4, the drainage passage 29 and the water supply passage 26 constituting the liquid supply circuit 25 are connected by a circulation passage 38. By configuring the first cleaning liquid circulation path to be a closed circuit, the cleaning liquid can be circulated and cleaned inside.
That is, the first cleaning liquid circulation path includes the circulation path 38, the water supply path 26 that constitutes the liquid supply circuit 25, the supply chambers 21a and 22a of the dialysate chambers 21 and 22 that constitute the dialysate supply means 17, and the dialysate supply path. 23, connectors 23a, 24a and bypass passage 31, dialysate recovery passage 24 and branch passage 32, dialysate recovery chambers 21b and 22b of dialysate chambers 21 and 22 constituting dialysate recovery means 16, drainage passage 35 and drainage A liquid passage 29 is used.
The connection point X1 between the circulation passage 38 and the drainage passage 29 is provided downstream of the connection point between the drainage passage 29 and the water removal passage 35, and the drainage liquid downstream of the connection point X1. An opening / closing valve V35 is provided in the passage 29, and an opening / closing valve V34 is provided in the circulation passage 38.

One end of a first cleaning liquid supply passage 41 is connected to the dialysate recovery passage 24, and the other end of the first cleaning liquid supply passage 41 is a cleaning liquid tank as a cleaning liquid supply means for supplying the cleaning liquid via the cleaning liquid supply passage. 43. In the cleaning liquid tank 43, a stock solution of a cleaning liquid having a high concentration is stored.
The connection point X2 between the dialysate recovery passage 24 and the first cleaning fluid supply passage 41 is downstream of the connection point between the dialysate recovery passage 24 and the bypass passage 31, and between the dialysate recovery passage 24 and the branch passage 32. It is set upstream from the branch point.
Further, in this embodiment, one end of the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44 is connected to the connection point X3 between the first cleaning liquid supply passage 41 and the cleaning liquid supply passage 42, and the other end of the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44 is connected to the above-described supply. By connecting to the water supply passage 26 constituting the liquid circuit 25, the first cleaning liquid supply passage 41 and the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44 can form a second cleaning liquid circulation path that is a closed circuit. is there.
That is, the second cleaning liquid circulation path includes the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44, the water supply passage 26 constituting the liquid supply circuit 25, the supply chambers 21a and 22a of the dialysate chambers 21 and 22 constituting the dialysate supply means 17, the dialysis The liquid supply passage 23, the connectors 23 a and 24 a, the bypass passage 31, the dialysate recovery passage 24, and the first cleaning liquid supply passage 41 are configured.

Hereinafter, the operation | movement at the time of washing | cleaning of the hemodialysis apparatus 1 which has the said structure is demonstrated.
When the dialysis treatment is completed, the dialysate supply passage 23 and the dialysate recovery passage 24 are separated from the dialyzer 2 and are connected to each other by the connectors 23a and 24a. In this state, the pumps P1, P2 and UFP are started at a required timing by a control means (not shown) and a required valve is opened / closed so that purified water is supplied into the first cleaning liquid circulation path and the second cleaning liquid circulation path. be introduced. Note that the dialysate stock solution passages 27A and 27B are also cleaned when the dialysis circuit 4 is cleaned. However, since it is well known in the art, the description thereof will be omitted.
The cleaning liquid is introduced from the cleaning liquid tank 43 to the on-off valve V12 provided at the connection point X3 of the cleaning liquid supply passage 42, and the cleaning liquid can be immediately introduced into the second cleaning liquid circulation path by opening the on-off valve V12. It is like that.
In the present embodiment, for example, 380 ml of the cleaning liquid is introduced into the first cleaning liquid circulation path and the second cleaning liquid circulation path and stirred with the purified water therein to obtain a dialysate having a predetermined concentration. The maximum volume of each of the supply chambers 21a and 22a of the first and second dialysate chambers 21 and 22 is 100 ml, and 300 ml of the wash solution is introduced into the wash solution circulation path, and the remaining volume is left by the dewatering pump UFP. 80 ml of the cleaning liquid is introduced into the cleaning liquid circulation path.

In the state in which purified water is introduced into the both cleaning liquid circulation paths, the partition walls of the first and second dialysate chambers 21 and 22 are moved to the right in FIG. 1, whereby the supply chambers 21a and 22a The volume is 0, and each dialysate collection chamber 21b, 22b has a maximum volume of 100 ml.
At the start of the introduction of the first cleaning liquid, the required valve opening operation is performed by the control means. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the valve V56 of the cleaning liquid supply passage 42, the on-off valve V12 provided at the connection point X3, the valves NV6 and V10 provided in the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44, and the valves V5a and V7a of the liquid supply circuit 25. The valves V6b, V8b, V35 of the drainage passage 29 are opened. All other valves are closed. In this state, since the valve V35 of the drainage passage 29 is opened, neither the first cleaning liquid circulation path nor the second cleaning liquid circulation path constitutes a closed circuit, and therefore the cleaning liquid circulation A path is not formed.
When the pump P1 is started in this state, the cleaning liquid introduced up to the on-off valve V12 provided at the connection point X3 passes through the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44 and the liquid supply circuit 25 to the dialysate chambers 21 and 22. The liquid is introduced into the supply chambers 21 a and 22 a, and at the same time, the liquid in the dialysate recovery chambers 21 b and 22 b is discharged to the outside through the drainage passage 29.
If the volume in the supply chambers 21a and 22a reaches a maximum of 100 ml, no more cleaning liquid is introduced into the second cleaning liquid supply path 44 from the cleaning liquid supply path 42. Therefore, in this state, the second liquid is not supplied. A total of 200 ml of the cleaning liquid is introduced from the connection point X3 of the cleaning liquid supply passage 44 to the supply chambers 21a and 22a.

When the volume in the supply chambers 21a and 22a is maximized, the pump P1 is stopped and all the valves are closed. Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the valves V5b, V7b and V9b of the dialysate supply passage 23, the valves V19, V6a and V8a of the dialysate recovery passage 24 are opened, and the dialysate pump P2 is activated. The In this state, since the valve V35 of the drainage passage 29 is closed, the first cleaning liquid circulation path and the second cleaning liquid circulation path are closed circuits, and thus a cleaning liquid circulation path is formed.
When the dialysate pump P2 is activated, the liquid in the supply chambers 21a and 22a is moved to the dialysate recovery chambers 21b and 22b via the dialysate supply passage 23 and the dialysate recovery passage 24, and each supply chamber is supplied. The volume in 21a and 22a becomes zero.

Thereafter, in the next step shown in FIG. 4, the liquid moved from the dialysate supply chambers 21 a and 22 a to the one dialysate recovery chamber 21 b is discharged to the outside through the dialysate drainage passage 29. Will come to be. Accordingly, when the liquid in the dialysate supply chambers 21a and 22a is moved into the dialysate recovery chamber 21b and the cleaning liquid is introduced into the dialysate recovery chamber 21b, the cleaning liquid is externally used in the next step. Therefore, a cleaning solution having a required concentration cannot be obtained.
However, as described above, when the volume in each dialysate supply chamber 21a, 22a becomes zero, that is, when each dialysate recovery chamber 21b, 22b is full, each dialysate recovery chamber 21b, 22b. No cleaning liquid is introduced into the.
That is, the dialysate supply passage 23 and the dialysate recovery passage 24 have sufficiently large capacities, and particularly when the cut filter CF is provided in the dialysate supply passage 23, the cut filter CF has a large capacity. The liquid in the chambers 21a and 22a does not reach the dialysate collection chambers 21b and 22b by the operation shown in FIG. 3 described above.

When the volume of each of the supply chambers 21a and 22a becomes 0 by the operation shown in FIG. 3, the same operation as the first operation is performed, but this time, it is only necessary to introduce 100 ml of cleaning liquid, so only one of the supply chambers 21a. The cleaning liquid is introduced into the.
That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the valve V56 of the cleaning liquid supply passage 42, the on-off valve V12 provided at the connection point X3, the valves NV6 and V10 provided in the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44, the valve V5a of the liquid supply circuit 25, the exhaust The valves V6b and V35 of the liquid passage 29 are opened. All other valves are closed.
When the pump P1 is started in this state, the cleaning liquid introduced up to the connection point X3 passes through the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44 and the liquid supply circuit 25 again in the supply chamber 21a of one first dialysate chamber 21. At the same time, the purified water in the dialysate recovery chamber 21 b is discharged to the outside through the drainage passage 29.
If the volume in the supply chamber 21a is 100 ml at the maximum, no more cleaning liquid is introduced into the second cleaning liquid supply path 44 from the cleaning liquid supply path 42. Therefore, in this state, the second cleaning liquid supply path That is, 100 ml of cleaning liquid is additionally introduced from the connection point X3 of 44 to the supply chamber 21a, and the total amount of cleaning liquid introduced is 300 ml.

Since the measurement by the dialysate chambers 21 and 22 is performed in units of 100 ml, introduction of the remaining 80 ml of the washing solution cannot be performed by the dialysate chambers 21 and 22.
Therefore, next, the cleaning liquid is introduced while measuring the introduction amount by the water removal pump UFP.
At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, the valve V56 of the cleaning liquid supply passage 42, the on-off valve V12 provided at the connection point X3, and the valve V35 of the drainage passage 29 are opened. All other valves are closed. In this state, the first cleaning liquid circulation path and the second cleaning liquid circulation path do not constitute a closed circuit, and no annular path is formed.
When the water removal pump UFP is operated in this state, the cleaning liquid introduced up to the on-off valve V12 provided at the connection point X3 is the first cleaning liquid supply passage 41, the dialysate recovery passage 24, the bypass passage 32, and the water removal passage. 35 and the drainage passage 29.

At this time, the maximum cleaning liquid introduction section into which the cleaning liquid can be introduced is the drainage liquid from the connection point X3 through the first cleaning liquid supply passage 41, the recovery passage 24, the bypass passage 32, the water removal passage 35, and the drainage passage 29. This is the range between the passage 29 and the connection point X1 of the circulation passage 38. Even if the cleaning liquid is introduced into the drainage passage 29 beyond the connection point X1, the cleaning liquid introduced into the drainage passage 29 beyond the connection point X1 is simply discharged to the outside. Can not be used.
Therefore, conventionally, in order to increase the introduction amount of the cleaning liquid that can be introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section, it is necessary to shift the connection point X1 to the downstream side of the drainage passage 29 to increase the volume of the cleaning liquid introduction section. The length of the drainage passage 29 was long.

However, in this embodiment, 80 ml of the cleaning liquid introduced while being metered by the dewatering pump UFP is introduced in two portions, for example, 50 ml and 30 ml.
That is, in the above-described first cleaning liquid introduction operation by the water removal pump UFP, 50 ml of the cleaning liquid is introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section. The cleaning liquid at this time is introduced, for example, to the dialysate recovery passage 24 before the water removal passage 35.
In this state, the open / closed state of each valve is switched, and the cleaning liquid introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section by the first cleaning liquid introduction operation is supplied to the dialysate from the cleaning liquid introduction section by the reverse rotation of the dewatering pump UFP. A cleaning liquid backflow operation is performed to flow back to the cleaning liquid circulation path on the passage 23 side.

In this cleaning liquid backflow operation, as shown in FIG. 6, the valve V8b of the drainage passage 29, the valve V9a of the bypass passage 31, and the valve V7b of the supply passage 23 are opened. All other valves are closed. At this time, the valve V35 of the drainage passage 29 is closed to form the cleaning liquid circulation path.
In this state, the dewatering pump UFP is rotated in the reverse direction, and the purified water in the dialysate recovery chamber 22b of the second dialysate chamber 22 is discharged into the drainage passage 29, dialysate recovery passage 24, branch passage 32, bypass passage 31, The fluid flows into the supply chamber 22 a of the second dialysate chamber 22 through the supply passage 23. As a result, the cleaning liquid introduced into the dialysate recovery passage 24 on the side of the water removal pump UFP from the connection point X2 exceeds the connection point X2 in the cleaning liquid circulation path on the dialysate supply passage side from the cleaning liquid introduction section. It flows backward to a certain bypass passage 31 and supply passage 23 side.
If at least 50 ml of purified water in the dialysate recovery chamber 22b is caused to flow backward by the water removal pump UFP, all of the cleaning liquid on the side of the cleaning liquid introduction section from the connection point X2 is discharged to the bypass passage 31 and the supply passage 23 side. Become so.

In this state, a second cleaning liquid introduction operation similar to the first cleaning liquid introduction operation is executed (see FIG. 5). In this second cleaning liquid introduction operation, 30 ml of the cleaning liquid is supplied to the cleaning liquid introduction section by the water removal pump UFP. Will be introduced. As a result, a total of 380 ml of cleaning liquid is introduced into both cleaning liquid circulation paths.
The subsequent cleaning process is not different from the conventional cleaning process. Both cleaning liquid circulation paths are alternately formed, and the purified water and the cleaning liquid are circulated and stirred and mixed in each cleaning liquid circulation path. Each part is cleaned.
As described above, in this embodiment, after the cleaning liquid introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section flows back to the cleaning liquid circulation path on the dialysate supply passage 23 side than the cleaning liquid introduction section and is replaced with purified water, the cleaning liquid is added to the cleaning liquid introduction section again. Since it can be introduced, it is possible to introduce a cleaning liquid larger than the volume into the cleaning liquid circulation path without lengthening the cleaning liquid introduction section.

In the above embodiment, the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44 is provided to supply the cleaning liquid from the cleaning liquid tank 43 to the dialysate supply chambers 21a and 22a so that the dialysate can be quickly introduced into the cleaning liquid circulation path. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the second cleaning liquid supply passage 44 may be omitted, and the cleaning liquid may be introduced into the cleaning liquid circulation passage while being measured by the water removal pump UFP. However, in this case, the maximum cleaning liquid introduction section into which the cleaning liquid can be introduced is from the connection point X2 between the first cleaning liquid supply path 41 and the dialysate recovery path 24 to the recovery path 24, the bypass path 32, the water removal path 35, and the drainage path. The range is between the drainage passage 29 and the connection point X1 of the circulation passage 38 via the liquid passage 29.
Further, in the above embodiment, the water removal pump UFP that can be rotated in the forward and reverse directions is used as the water removal means, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a circuit that can switch the water removal pump UFP that can rotate in one direction and the flow path. The water removal means may be constituted by the above.
Further, in the above embodiment, the dialysate supply means 15 and the dialysate recovery means 16 are constituted by the supply chambers 21a and 22a of the dialysate chambers 21 and 22 and the recovery chambers 21b and 22b. is not. As long as a predetermined amount of fresh dialysate can be supplied to the dialyzer and the same amount of used dialysate can be recovered, the dialysate supply means and the dialysate recovery means of any configuration can be used. There may be.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hemodialysis apparatus 2 Dialyzer 15 Dialysate supply means 16 Dialysate recovery means 21 1st dialysate chamber 22 2nd dialysate chamber 21a, 22a Dialysate supply chamber 21b, 22b Dialysate recovery chamber 23 Dialysate supply passage 24 Dialysis Liquid recovery passage 25 Liquid supply circuit 26 Water supply passage 29 Drainage passage 35 Water removal passage 38 Circulation passage 41 First cleaning liquid supply passage 42 Cleaning liquid passage 43 Cleaning liquid tank 44 Second cleaning liquid supply passage UPF Water removal pump

Claims (4)

A dialysate supply means for supplying a predetermined amount of fresh dialysate to the dialyzer via the dialysate supply passage, a liquid supply circuit for supplying fresh dialysate to the dialysate supply means, and the dialyzer. A dialysate recovery means for recovering the same amount of the used dialysate through the dialysate recovery passage, a drainage passage for discharging the used dialysate recovered by the dialysate recovery means, and the above A water removal means provided in a water removal passage connecting the dialysate recovery passage and the drainage passage, and discharging the used dialysate flowing through the dialysate recovery passage to the drainage passage by a required amount of water removal; A cleaning liquid circulation path comprising a closed circuit for circulating the cleaning liquid at the time of cleaning by connecting the cleaning liquid supply means for supplying the cleaning liquid to the recovery path via the first cleaning liquid supply path, and the drainage path and the liquid supply circuit. A circulation passage to form,
At the start of cleaning, the dewatering means is operated in a state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is not formed, and a predetermined amount of the cleaning liquid is supplied from the cleaning liquid supply means to the dialysate recovery path, the water removal path, and the cleaning liquid circulation path. In the hemodialysis machine cleaning apparatus introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section consisting of the drainage passage,
The dewatering means is operated in a state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is not formed at the start of cleaning, and a first cleaning liquid introduction operation for introducing a predetermined amount of cleaning liquid from the cleaning liquid supply means into the cleaning liquid introduction section, and the cleaning liquid circulation A cleaning liquid backflow operation in which the cleaning liquid that is reversely operated in a state in which the path is formed and is introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section by the first cleaning liquid introduction operation flows back to the cleaning liquid circulation path on the dialysate supply passage side from the cleaning liquid introduction section; In addition, the cleaning of the hemodialysis apparatus is performed in a state in which the cleaning liquid circulation path is not formed, and a second cleaning liquid introduction operation for additionally introducing an additional cleaning liquid from the cleaning liquid supply means into the cleaning liquid introduction section is performed. apparatus. The cleaning device of the hemodialyzer comprises a dialysate chamber that is partitioned into two chambers, a dialysate supply chamber and a dialysate recovery chamber, by a partition wall, and one dialysate supply chamber serves as the dialysate supply means. The other dialysate recovery chamber constitutes the dialysate recovery means, and at the same time as fresh dialysate is supplied from the dialysate supply chamber to the dialyzer by reducing the volume of one dialysate supply chamber. The used dialysate that has passed through the dialyzer is recovered by increasing the volume of the other dialysate recovery chamber linked to
The cleaning liquid supply means can supply the cleaning liquid to the liquid supply passage through a second cleaning liquid supply passage communicated with the first cleaning liquid supply passage, and the first cleaning liquid supply passage and the second cleaning liquid supply passage. The cleaning liquid circulation path consisting of a closed circuit for circulating the cleaning liquid is formed at the time of cleaning, and the cleaning liquid from the second cleaning liquid supply path is not supplied to the liquid supply path at the start of cleaning without forming the cleaning liquid circulation path. The dialysate supply chamber is measured by the volume of the dialysate supply chamber and introduced, and at the same time, the liquid in the dialysate recovery chamber is discharged from the drainage passage to the outside. The hemodialysis apparatus cleaning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a hemodialysis apparatus.   The dewatering means is a dewatering pump provided in the dewatering passage and capable of forward and reverse rotation. The dewatering pump is rotated forwardly to perform the cleaning liquid introduction operation, and the dewatering pump is reversely rotated. The washing apparatus for a hemodialyzer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the washing liquid backflow operation is performed by performing the washing operation. A dialysate supply means for supplying a predetermined amount of fresh dialysate to the dialyzer via the dialysate supply passage, a liquid supply circuit for supplying fresh dialysate to the dialysate supply means, and the dialyzer. A dialysate recovery means for recovering the same amount of the used dialysate through the dialysate recovery passage, a drainage passage for discharging the used dialysate recovered by the dialysate recovery means, and the above A water removal means provided in a water removal passage connecting the dialysate recovery passage and the drainage passage, and discharging the used dialysate flowing through the dialysate recovery passage to the drainage passage by a required amount of water removal; A cleaning liquid circulation path comprising a closed circuit for circulating the cleaning liquid at the time of cleaning by connecting the cleaning liquid supply means for supplying the cleaning liquid to the recovery path via the first cleaning liquid supply path, and the drainage path and the liquid supply circuit. A circulation passage to form,
At the start of cleaning, the dewatering means is operated in a state where the cleaning liquid circulation path is not formed, and a predetermined amount of the cleaning liquid is supplied from the cleaning liquid supply means to the dialysate recovery path, the water removal path, and the cleaning liquid circulation path. In the cleaning method of the hemodialysis apparatus introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section consisting of the drainage passage,
At the start of cleaning, a first cleaning liquid introduction operation for introducing a predetermined amount of cleaning liquid from the cleaning liquid supply means into the cleaning liquid introduction section without forming the cleaning liquid circulation path, and the first cleaning liquid with the cleaning liquid circulation path formed. A cleaning liquid back-flow operation in which the cleaning liquid introduced into the cleaning liquid introduction section by the introduction operation flows back to the cleaning liquid circulation path on the dialysate supply passage side from the cleaning liquid introduction section, and the cleaning liquid supply means without forming the cleaning liquid circulation path. A method for cleaning a hemodialysis apparatus, comprising sequentially performing a second cleaning liquid introduction operation for additionally introducing an additional cleaning liquid into the cleaning liquid introduction section.

Images