JP2015157929A - Bamboo tube fuel and bamboo tube fuel fabrication device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology fabricating fuel utilizing woody and herbaceous biomass produced from maintenance activities of Satoyama landscapes with a simple and easy method while reducing a carbon footprint as much as possible.SOLUTION: A bamboo tube fuel fabrication device 40 fabricates bamboo tube fuel 1 in which woody and herbaceous biomass 12 is filled inside of a bamboo tube 10, and comprises: a hopper unit 42 charging the woody and herbaceous biomass 12; an agitation unit 44 provided within the hopper unit 42 and for agitating the woody and herbaceous biomass 12; a fuel filling unit 50 connected with the hopper unit 42 and comprising a spiral screw 46 to convey the woody and herbaceous biomass 12 from the hopper unit 42 inside of a guide pipe 48; and a control unit 54 controlling power means of the agitation unit 44 and the spiral screw 46 respectively and independently.

Description

  The present invention relates to a bamboo cylinder fuel and an apparatus capable of easily producing the bamboo cylinder fuel.

  In the hilly and mountainous area, there are about 90,000 facilities that may use boilers, mainly hot bathing facilities and public facilities. The boilers installed at these facilities are all boilers that use fossil fuels such as heavy oil or kerosene. Heavy oil boilers and the like have been introduced into a large number of facilities even in hilly and mountainous areas from the viewpoint of efficiency and ease of handling.

  However, boilers using fuel oil, kerosene, etc. as a fuel are affected by soaring crude oil prices and have problems such as high costs and unstable prices due to crude oil price fluctuations. Therefore, there is a need for alternative energy to replace fossil fuels.

  Under such circumstances, in recent years, woody biomass has been attracting attention in the hilly and mountainous areas where Satochi Satoyama is located, in order to avoid the effects of soaring crude oil prices and price fluctuations. Woody biomass refers to woody or woody biomass. Examples of the woody biomass include forest land residual materials, residual materials from lumber mills, construction waste materials, building demolition materials, wood chips, wood sawdust, and the like. Since there are many thinned wood and undeveloped miscellaneous forests in the hilly and mountainous areas, various studies have been conducted as boiler fuel as a means of effective use of woody biomass resulting from the conservation activities of these satochi satoyama.

  For example, in JP 2010-242999 A, wood biomass is pulverized by a roller mill using a boiler exhaust gas and air as carrier gases at a oxygen concentration of 2% to 11% in the form of pellets or other molded fuel. The biomass is conveyed to the biomass fuel nozzle of the biomass-burning burner together with the carrier gas, and is directly burned by mixing with air or an oxygen concentration equal to or higher than air (20% or more) at the tip of the biomass fuel nozzle, Separately, a wood biomass direct pulverization combustion method is disclosed in which pulverized coal is burned in a coal burner to safely and stably burn molded fuel such as biomass pellets having excellent storability as an auxiliary fuel (Patent Document 1). .

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-101474 discloses that wood biomass fuel is made into wood pellets, the wood biomass fuel combustion device is a fluidized bed combustion device, and the solid content in the combustion exhaust gas is separated by a cyclone device. The woody biomass-fired micro gas turbine power generator according to claim 1 is disclosed (Patent Document 2), wherein the woody biomass fired micro gas turbine power generator is configured to be returned to the fluidized bed combustion apparatus.

JP 2010-242999 A JP 2008-101474 A

  Although woody biomass is attracting attention as a recyclable energy alternative to fossil fuels, woody biomass fuels cannot withstand long-term combustion because they have a large surface area and an increased combustion rate. Therefore, it is necessary to use wood pellets obtained by compression-forming wood pellets.

  These wood pellets are produced by pressing wood powder (sawdust-like material) under pressure in a steel frame with a dedicated device called a pelletizer, but most of the devices are in the US, Germany, Denmark, etc. Equipment imported from For this reason, wood pellets are classified as expensive fuels in Japan, and there are problems such as emissions of a large amount of carbon dioxide in the production of wood pellets, so the fact is that wood biomass is not widely used as boiler fuel. It is. In particular, the biomass produced by Satochi-Satoyama conservation activities is not limited to trees, but includes a variety of herbs.

  Therefore, the present invention converts the vegetative biomass resulting from the conservation activities of Satochi Satoyama into a fuel by a simple method while reducing carbon dioxide emissions as much as possible. The purpose is to provide a technology that makes effective use of bamboo harvested for maintenance and can be easily converted into fuel.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has made a bamboo cylinder fuel by filling the bamboo cylinder with vegetation biomass and using the bamboo cylinder as a container, and a bamboo cylinder fuel suitable for producing the bamboo cylinder fuel. It was found that the production apparatus can easily produce fuel without the need to produce pellets and solve the above problems.

  That is, the present invention provides a bamboo cylinder fuel in which a bamboo cylinder is filled with vegetative biomass.

  The present invention also provides an apparatus for producing bamboo cylinder fuel by filling the bamboo cylinder with vegetation biomass, a hopper part for introducing the vegetation biomass, and installed in the hopper part. An agitation part for agitating the biomass, a fuel filling part connected to the hopper part, and having a spiral screw for conveying the grassy biomass from the hopper part inside the guide pipe, and the agitation part The present invention provides a bamboo cylinder fuel production apparatus comprising a control unit for independently controlling the power means of the spiral screw.

  According to the present invention, it is easy to effectively use the vegetation biomass resulting from the conservation activities of the satochi satoyama and the bamboo that comes out with the maintenance and conservation activities of the abandoned bamboo forest that is a challenge in the satochi satoyama conservation, A fuel can be produced, and bamboo, which has been unsuitable as a fuel so far, can be easily and inexpensively used as a fuel for replacing straw.

It is sectional drawing of the bamboo cylinder fuel 1 of this embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the two-layer type bamboo cylinder fuel 2 which is other embodiment of the bamboo cylinder fuel 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the three-layered type | formula bamboo cylinder fuel 3 which is other embodiment of the bamboo cylinder fuel 1. FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view of the side view of the bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus 40. It is a top view of the bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus 40. It is a perspective view of the bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus 40. It is a figure for demonstrating the exit side of the guide pipe. It is a figure for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the bamboo cylinder 10 used for the bamboo cylinder fuel 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining the sectioning of a node portion 18 of the bamboo tube 10. It is a figure for demonstrating the method to fill the bamboo cylinder 10 with the vegetation biomass 12 from the bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus 40. FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of the combustion test in the boiler of a bamboo cylinder fuel.

  First, the bamboo cylinder fuel 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the bamboo cylinder fuel 1 of the present embodiment. The bamboo cylinder fuel 1 of the present embodiment includes a bamboo cylinder 10 and a vegetation biomass 12 filled in the inside (hollow part). The opening 14 of the bamboo cylinder 10 has a plug 16 so that the vegetation biomass 12 does not fall out. It is fixed with.

  The bamboo used as the raw material of the bamboo cylinder 10 is not limited in its type, but requires a space that can be filled with vegetative biomass inside the bamboo cylinder. For example, Mosouchiku (Moso bamboo), Madake (Namboku / Matake), Hachiku ( It is preferable to use bamboo having an outer diameter of 65 mm or more, such as light bamboo. Further, since the combustion time at the time of combustion varies depending on the type of the bamboo cylinder 10, it is also possible to adjust the combustion time of the fuel by selecting the type or combining two or more kinds of bamboo cylinders.

  The length of the bamboo cylinder 10 can be appropriately determined according to the capacity of the combustion chamber of the boiler, the ease of carrying, the position of the bamboo node, etc., but when used as an alternative fuel for firewood in a firewood boiler, It is preferable to set to 70 to 100 cm, particularly about 90 cm.

  Since the bamboo tube 10 is filled with the vegetative biomass 12, the one node portion 18a located at the position closest to the cut surface is left, and the other node portions can be cut and penetrated between the nodes. Preferred (18b). The knot cutting can be performed by using a commercially available knot cutting tool, for example, using a wave cutter drill for knot cutting. In addition, if the bamboo cylinder which does not cut out is burned, there is a risk that the air in the sealed space may expand and burst due to heat, so the cutting out is essential.

  The vegetative biomass 12 is preferably a crushed material of vegetation, and is preferably crushed or pulverized by a crusher such as a chipper or a cutting machine such as a shredder. The vegetation used as the raw material of the vegetative biomass 12 is not particularly limited as long as it is vegetative, grass husk, pine cone, or other cellulosic biomass that grows naturally in the forest or miscellaneous forest. Plants and trees can also be used. It is also possible to adjust the calorific value at the time of combustion by changing the type of the vegetative biomass 12. As an example, Table 1 shows the analysis result of the type of true calorific value of vegetation biomass when cedar is taken as 100. The size of the crushed material is not particularly limited as long as it is within the range of the fuel filling unit 50 of the bamboo tube fuel manufacturing apparatus 40 described later, but it is usually desirable that the maximum dimension of the crushed material be 10 mm or less.

  The moisture content of the vegetative biomass 12 is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and even more preferably 30% or less. In general, since the average moisture content of grassy biomass is 45 to 75%, those having a moisture content of 50% or less can be used as they are without requiring any drying treatment. On the other hand, those having a water content of 50% or more are either naturally dried until they become 50% or less, or mixed with grassy biomass having a low water content to adjust the water content to 50% or less.

  Here, the moisture content refers to the ratio of the moisture contained in the substance. The moisture content includes a “dry moisture reference moisture content” and a “humid moisture reference moisture content”. Here, the “dry moisture reference moisture content” is referred to as the moisture content. The formula for calculating the moisture content is shown below.

  The plug 16 is not particularly limited as long as it has flammability and can close the opening 14 to such an extent that the filler does not leak out. For example, the opening 14 has a diameter of 1 to 2 cm from the diameter of the bamboo cylinder. Use a large cardboard paper and a bamboo with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the bamboo cylinder, cut into a circle of about 2 to 3 cm, place a corrugated paper in the opening 14, place a round bamboo on it, and push it into the bamboo cylinder. It can be closed by inserting and fixing a bamboo branch or the like.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a two-layered bamboo cylinder fuel 2 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The two-ply type bamboo cylinder fuel 2 is the one in which the bamboo cylinder fuel 1 is inserted into the second bamboo cylinder 20 having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the bamboo cylinder 10 in place of the stopper 16 and is nested and accommodated. It is. In this case, the bamboo cylinder 10 in the inner layer portion and the bamboo cylinder 20 in the outer layer portion may use the same type of bamboo, or may use different types of bamboo in combination.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a three-layered bamboo cylinder fuel 3 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The three-layer bamboo cylinder fuel 3 is obtained by nesting the two-layer bamboo cylinder fuel 2 in a third bamboo cylinder 30 having an inner diameter larger than that of the second bamboo cylinder 20. In the case of a three-layered bamboo cylinder fuel, each layer may be composed of the same kind of bamboo, or different types of bamboo may be used for each layer.

  The merit of the bamboo cylinder fuel 1 having a multilayer structure is that the plug 14 for preventing leakage of the vegetative biomass 12 is not necessary, and that the burning time when the bamboo cylinder fuel is burned is adjusted. Bamboo cylinders are porous bodies with heat insulation performance, and if they are nested to form a multilayer structure, the bamboo cylinders of each layer do not burn simultaneously but have the property of igniting step by step. Therefore, as the bamboo cylinder fuel has a multilayer structure, the combustion time becomes longer, and when the combustion times of the bamboo cylinder fuels 1 to 3 in FIGS. 1 to 3 are compared, bamboo cylinder fuel 1 <bamboo cylinder fuel 2 <bamboo cylinder fuel 3.

  Next, the bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. 4-7 is a figure for demonstrating the bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus 40 which fills the bamboo cylinder 10 with the vegetative biomass 12 and manufactures the bamboo cylinder fuel 1. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a side view of the bamboo cylinder fuel production apparatus 40, FIG. 5 is a top view of the bamboo cylinder fuel production apparatus 40, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the bamboo cylinder fuel production apparatus 40. FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the outlet side of the guide pipe 48.

  The bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a hopper part 42, a stirring part 44, a fuel filling part 50, and a control part 54.

  The hopper portion 42 has a cylindrical shape, and has an opening serving as a receiving port for the crushed vegetative biomass 12 at the upper portion, and is responsible for feeding the biomass into the fuel filling portion 50 by the stirring portion 44 provided therein. A movable bridge restraining means 56 for preventing the grassy biomass 12 from bridging is provided. The capacity, diameter, or height of the hopper portion 42 can be set as appropriate. However, when the bamboo cylinder fuel production device 40 is placed on a light truck bed and working on the ground, the height of the guide pipe 48 of the fuel filling portion 50 is increased. It is preferable that the height is set to an appropriate height that can reduce the work load.

  The agitation unit 44 is for transferring the vegetation biomass 12 to the fuel filling unit 50 while agitating the vegetation biomass 12. The four stirring rods 44b are radially attached to the bottom surface of the conical rotating disk 44a, and are rotatably connected to a motor-equipped gear 60a fixed to the lower portion of the hopper 42.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a part of the screw portion 46 is exposed on the bottom surface of the hopper portion 42, and the vegetative biomass 12 is pushed out to the exposed portion by the rotation of the stirring portion 44, and from here to the fuel filling portion 50. Be transported. The bridge suppression means 56 is installed at the upper part of the exposed part of the screw part 46 so as to be able to rotate 360 °, and a bridge is formed in the exposed part of the screw part 46 by pressing the grassy biomass 12 from above by the weight of the bridge suppression means 56. The vegetative biomass 12 can be transferred without doing so. In addition, the holding part 49 for carrying the bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus 40 can also be provided in the side surface of the hopper part 42. FIG.

  In the fuel filling unit 50, a spiral screw 46 for conveying the grassy biomass 12 is disposed inside the guide pipe 48. One end of the spiral screw 46 is connected to a motor-equipped gear 60b. When the motor-equipped gear 60b is rotated, the spiral screw 46 is rotated, and the grassy biomass 12 is an open end portion of the cylindrical guide pipe 48 (FIG. 4). , In the right direction of FIG. 5). When the hopper portion 42 is cylindrical, the guide pipe 48 incorporating the spiral screw 46 is desirably provided in the vicinity of the bottom of the cylinder so as to extend in the tangential direction of the cylinder, as shown in FIGS.

  The spiral screw 46 is installed over the entire length of the guide pipe 48. From the viewpoint of preventing clogging of the vegetative biomass 12, the spiral screw 46 is preferably a non-axial spiral screw (having a hollow shaft core). For example, a non-axial spiral screw 46 having a length of 1,400 mm and a diameter of 43 mm can be installed in a guide pipe 48 having an inner diameter of 50 mm. When the protruding portion of the guide pipe 48 from the hopper portion 42 is 880 mm, the bamboo cylinder 10 having a length of about 900 mm and an inner diameter of 60 mm or more can be inserted.

  As shown in FIG. 7, it is preferable to attach a mark 58 to the tip portion of the guide pipe 48 so that the end of filling can be predicted. The type of the mark 58 is not limited, but for example, it is preferable to make the mark colored in two stages, from 100 to 50 mm from the tip to yellow 58a and from 50 to 0 mm to red 58b. This mark can be used as a standard for ending filling the bamboo cylinder 10 with the vegetative biomass 12.

  The control unit 54 includes a controller 62 for independently controlling the two motors 60a and 60b of the stirring unit 44 and the screw unit 46, respectively, and a foot switch 64 for performing start / stop control at the foot. The controller 62 is housed in a metal box so as not to get wet by rain or the like, and a lamp (not shown) is attached to the door so that the start / stop state can be visually confirmed.

  Next, a method for manufacturing the bamboo cylinder fuel 1 will be described. FIGS. 8 and 9 are diagrams for explaining a method of manufacturing the bamboo cylinder 10 used for the bamboo cylinder fuel 1, and FIG. 10 explains a method of filling the bamboo cylinder 10 with the vegetative biomass 12 from the bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus 40. It is a figure for doing.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the bamboo 70 as a raw material of the bamboo cylinder 10 is cut down, and further, a part 70a (cutting range) from the cutting position to the front of the node with branches and leaves, and a part 70b with branches and leaves ( Cutting to chip range). Then, a portion 70a from the cutting position to the front of the node with the branches and leaves is cut at an interval of about 90 cm from the end to prepare a plurality of bamboo cylinders 10a to 10j.

  The portion 70b with bamboo cylinders or branches and leaves having a cut surface diameter of less than 65 mm is cut to an appropriate size, and then crushed or crushed by a crusher such as a chipper or a cutting machine such as a shredder. Used as a raw material.

  As shown in FIG. 9, since the prepared bamboo cylinder 10 has a node portion formed therein, the node portion is extracted using a wave cutter drill 80. Thereby, the wall of a node part penetrates and the penetration node part 18b is formed. In addition, the node portion 18a closest to the end in the bamboo tube 10 leaves the node portion as it is. In addition, if the position of the node is 10 cm or more away from any cut surface and can be used as the inner layer material of the two-layered bamboo cylinder fuel 2 or the three-tank type bamboo cylinder fuel 3, all the nodes are removed. Good.

  As shown in FIG. 10, bamboo chips obtained using the bamboo discharged when preparing the above-mentioned bamboo cylinder 10, vegetation such as tree branches and leaves, cuts of herbs such as weeds, rice husks, Plant biomass 12 such as pine cones (pine cones) is introduced into the hopper section 42 of the bamboo cylinder fuel production apparatus 40. When the foot switch 64 is depressed to turn on the switch, the agitation unit 44 and the spiral screw 46 (not shown) rotate and the vegetative biomass 12 is conveyed to the fuel filling unit 50.

  At this time, the operator inserts the bamboo cylinder 10 that has been subjected to the cut-out process from the tip of the guide pipe 48 to the back, and moves the bamboo cylinder 10 in a direction of gradually pulling out while filling the bamboo cylinder 10 with the grassy biomass 12. When the bamboo cylinder 10 is gradually pulled out from the guide pipe 48 by filling, and the mark 58 attached to the tip of the guide pipe 48 appears to be exposed, the foot switch 64 is released to turn off the switch. The operation of the apparatus is stopped, and the filled bamboo cylinder 10 is completely pulled out from the tip of the guide pipe 48.

  Thereafter, if necessary, the opening 14 is closed with a plug 16 to form a single-layered bamboo cylinder fuel (FIG. 1), or the second bamboo cylinder 20 (FIG. 2) or this and the third bamboo cylinder 30 (FIG. 1). In 3), the bamboo cylinder fuel 1 is housed in a nested state to produce a bamboo cylinder fuel having a multilayer structure.

  The bamboo cylinder fuel 1 can adjust fuel time by changing the kind of bamboo cylinder raw material and the kind of vegetative biomass 12 suitably. As an example, Table 2 shows the result of manufacturing bamboo cylinder fuel having the following configuration and measuring the combustion time. In addition, as a boiler, the boiler for normal wood fuel can be used conveniently.

  When producing a bamboo cylinder fuel with a combustion time of 2 to 3 hours, a single layer structure (see FIG. 1) selected from the group consisting of Munetake bamboo, true bamboo, and broken bamboo is used as a material for the bamboo cylinder 10 and filled. It is preferable to use a mixture of vegetation and rice husk as the raw material for vegetative biomass.

  When producing bamboo cylinder fuels with a combustion time of 3 to 4 hours, use bamboo shoots and true bamboo in a two-layer structure (see Fig. 2) as bamboo cylinder 10 raw materials, and use vegetation as vegetative biomass raw materials to be filled. It is preferable.

  When producing bamboo cylinder fuel with a burning time of 4 to 6 hours, as a bamboo cylinder 10 raw material, Sosetsu bamboo is used in a two-layer structure (see FIG. 2) or a three-layer structure (see FIG. 3), and is filled with vegetative biomass material It is preferable to use pine needles.

  Bamboo harvested from an abandoned bamboo forest is cut to an average length of 90 cm, and the bamboo cylinder fuel production device is used to make a bamboo cylinder with one end part and the other part removed. The bamboo cylinder fuel was manufactured and the combustion test was carried out with a boiler. Table 3 shows the composition of the bamboo cylinder fuel used in the combustion test.

  An example of the result of a combustion test in a boiler is shown in FIG. The vertical axis in FIG. 11 indicates the combustion temperature, and the horizontal axis indicates the combustion time. The maximum temperature at the center of the boiler was about 850 ° C., and the overall combustion time of the bamboo cylinder fuel exceeded 4 hours. In addition, when dioxin inspection was conducted in conjunction with the combustion test, dioxin was not detected in this experiment. As a result, it has been found that bamboo cylinder fuel has sufficient performance to be put into practical use as boiler fuel.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Bamboo cylinder fuel 2 ... Two-layer type bamboo cylinder fuel 3 ... Three-layer type bamboo cylinder fuel 10 ... Bamboo cylinder 12 ... Plant wood biomass 14 ... Opening part 16 ... Plug 18 ... Node part 20 ... Second bamboo cylinder 30 ... Third bamboo cylinder 40 ... Bamboo cylinder fuel production device 42 ... Hopper part 44 ... Stirring part 44a ... Rotary disk 44b ... Stirring rod 46 ... Spiral screw 48 ... Guide pipe 49 ... Grasping part 50 ... Fuel filling part 54 ... Control part 56 ... Bridge suppression means 58 ... Mark 60a, 60b ... Gear with motor 62 ... Controller 64 ... Foot switch 70 ... Bamboo 80 ... Wave cutter drill

Claims (8)

  Bamboo cylinder fuel with vegetation biomass filled inside the cylinder. The vegetative biomass is crushed vegetation,
The bamboo cylinder fuel according to claim 1.   The bamboo cylinder fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vegetative biomass is one or more grass-essential biomass selected from the group consisting of leaves, branches, rice husks, and pine cones. Nested in a bamboo cylinder with the same shape and large diameter,
The bamboo cylinder fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The moisture content of the vegetative biomass is 50% or less,
The bamboo cylinder fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4. An apparatus for producing a bamboo cylinder fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A hopper for charging vegetative biomass;
An agitation part installed in the hopper part for agitating the vegetative biomass;
A fuel filling unit that is connected to the hopper and includes a spiral screw inside the guide pipe for conveying the vegetative biomass from the hopper;
A control unit for independently controlling the power unit of the stirring unit and the spiral screw;
Bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing device.   Furthermore, the bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus of Claim 6 provided with the bridge | bridging suppression means for preventing bridging of the said grassy biomass in the said hopper part.   The bamboo cylinder fuel manufacturing apparatus of Claim 6 or 7 provided with the mark used as the standard which the filling of the said grassy biomass is complete | finished in the edge part of the said cylindrical pipe.