JP2015137988A - reflection type optical sensor - Google Patents

reflection type optical sensor Download PDF

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JP2015137988A
JP2015137988A JP2014010959A JP2014010959A JP2015137988A JP 2015137988 A JP2015137988 A JP 2015137988A JP 2014010959 A JP2014010959 A JP 2014010959A JP 2014010959 A JP2014010959 A JP 2014010959A JP 2015137988 A JP2015137988 A JP 2015137988A
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light projecting
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達也 上野
Tatsuya Ueno
達也 上野
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Azbil Corp
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the possibility of incorrect determination and incorrect detection due to disturbance light.SOLUTION: A reflection type optical sensor includes: light projection and reception elements 1 that each comprise a surface light emitting LED including a current constriction structure and a double hetero structure, and emits light and receives return light; light projection circuits 2 that drive the light projection and reception elements 1; light reception circuits 3 that detect a voltage between the anode and cathode of the light projection and reception elements 1 and output voltage signals; a determination unit 4 that determines whether or not an object is present in a direction of the light emission by each of the light projection and reception elements 1 on the basis of a change in impedance of the light projection and reception elements 1; and a display unit 5 that displays a result of the determination by the determination unit 4.

Description

本発明は、物体からの反射光によって物体の有無を検出する反射型光センサに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a reflection type optical sensor that detects the presence or absence of an object using reflected light from the object.

従来の反射型光センサは、物体での反射によって生じる戻り光量の変化により、物体の有無を検出する（特許文献１参照）。また、特許文献１に開示された光センサでは、２つ以上の発光チップを１個のフォトダイオード内に組み込み、一方の発光チップを発光素子として用い、他方の発光チップを受光素子として用いることで、光センサの小型化を実現していた。   A conventional reflective optical sensor detects the presence or absence of an object based on a change in the amount of return light caused by reflection on the object (see Patent Document 1). In the optical sensor disclosed in Patent Document 1, two or more light emitting chips are incorporated in one photodiode, and one light emitting chip is used as a light emitting element, and the other light emitting chip is used as a light receiving element. The downsizing of the optical sensor was realized.

特開２００６−９３４５０号公報JP 2006-93450 A

従来の反射型光センサでは、受光素子としてフォトダイオードを用いているため、発光素子のスペクトルに対して受光素子の波長選択性のスペクトルが広いので、外乱光による誤判定・誤検出が生じるという問題点があった。   The conventional reflection type photosensor uses a photodiode as the light receiving element, and therefore the wavelength selectivity spectrum of the light receiving element is wide with respect to the spectrum of the light emitting element. There was a point.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、外乱光による誤判定・誤検出の可能性を低減することができる反射型光センサを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a reflective optical sensor that can reduce the possibility of erroneous determination / detection due to ambient light.

本発明の反射型光センサは、電流狭窄構造及びダブルヘテロ構造を備えた表面発光型のＬＥＤからなり、光を放射して戻り光を受光する投受光素子と、この投受光素子のインピーダンス変化に基づいて前記投受光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定する判定手段とを備えることを特徴とするものである。
また、本発明の反射型光センサの１構成例は、さらに、前記投受光素子に一定の電流を供給する投光回路と、前記投受光素子のアノード−カソード間電圧を検出する受光回路とを備え、前記判定手段は、前記受光回路から出力される電圧が所定の電圧しきい値を下回るときに、前記投受光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在すると判定することを特徴とするものである。
また、本発明の反射型光センサの１構成例は、さらに、前記投受光素子に一定の電圧を供給する投光回路と、前記投受光素子の出力電流を検出する受光回路とを備え、前記判定手段は、前記受光回路から出力される電流が所定の電流しきい値を上回るときに、前記投受光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在すると判定することを特徴とするものである。
また、本発明の反射型光センサの１構成例において、前記投受光素子は、複数設けられ、前記判定手段は、複数の投受光素子のインピーダンス変化に基づいて投受光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定すると共に、複数の投受光素子のインピーダンス変化に基づいて前記物体の向きを検出することを特徴とするものである。
また、本発明の反射型光センサの１構成例において、前記複数の投受光素子の発光期間は、全ての投受光素子が同時に発光する発光期間と、他の投受光素子が発光していないときに発光する発光期間とを含む。 The reflection type photosensor of the present invention comprises a surface light emitting type LED having a current confinement structure and a double heterostructure, emits light and receives return light, and changes in impedance of the light projecting and receiving element. And determining means for determining whether an object is present in the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element.
Moreover, one configuration example of the reflection type photosensor of the present invention further includes a light projecting circuit for supplying a constant current to the light projecting / receiving element, and a light receiving circuit for detecting an anode-cathode voltage of the light projecting / receiving element. And the determination means determines that an object is present in the light emitting direction of the light projecting / receiving element when a voltage output from the light receiving circuit falls below a predetermined voltage threshold value. .
Further, one configuration example of the reflection type photosensor of the present invention further includes a light projecting circuit for supplying a constant voltage to the light projecting / receiving element, and a light receiving circuit for detecting an output current of the light projecting / receiving element, The determination means determines that an object is present in the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element when the current output from the light receiving circuit exceeds a predetermined current threshold value.
Further, in one configuration example of the reflection type photosensor according to the present invention, a plurality of the light projecting / receiving elements are provided, and the determination unit is configured to detect an object in the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving elements based on impedance changes of the plurality of light projecting / receiving elements. Is detected, and the orientation of the object is detected based on impedance changes of a plurality of light projecting and receiving elements.
In one configuration example of the reflection type photosensor according to the present invention, the light emitting periods of the plurality of light projecting and receiving elements are a light emitting period in which all the light projecting and receiving elements emit light at the same time and other light projecting and receiving elements are not emitting light. Light emission period.

また、本発明の反射型光センサは、電流狭窄構造及びダブルヘテロ構造を備えた表面発光型のＬＥＤからなる複数の投光素子と、この投光素子から放射された光の戻り光を受光する、前記表面発光型のＬＥＤからなる複数の受光素子と、前記戻り光に基づいて前記投光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定する判定手段とを備え、前記複数の投光素子は、互いに投光面の方向が異なり、前記複数の受光素子は、互いに受光面の方向が異なり、対応する投光素子の投光面の方向と自素子の受光面の方向とが同一となるように、対応する投光素子と並べて配置されることを特徴とするものである。
また、本発明の反射型光センサの１構成例において、前記判定手段は、前記複数の受光素子のうち少なくとも１つで戻り光を受光したときに、前記投光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在すると判定することを特徴とするものである。
また、本発明の反射型光センサの１構成例において、前記複数の投光素子と前記複数の受光素子とは、同一プロセス、同一ウエハ上で製造されたものである。 The reflective optical sensor of the present invention receives a plurality of light emitting elements composed of surface-emitting LEDs having a current confinement structure and a double hetero structure, and light return light emitted from the light projecting elements. A plurality of light-receiving elements composed of the surface-emitting LEDs, and determination means for determining whether an object is present in the light emission direction of the light-projecting element based on the return light. The optical elements have different light emitting surface directions, and the plurality of light receiving elements have different light receiving surface directions, and the direction of the light emitting surface of the corresponding light emitting element is the same as the direction of the light receiving surface of the own element. Thus, it is arranged side by side with the corresponding light projecting element.
Further, in one configuration example of the reflection type photosensor according to the present invention, the determination means detects an object in the light emitting direction of the light projecting element when the return light is received by at least one of the plurality of light receiving elements. It is characterized by determining that it exists.
Moreover, in one structural example of the reflective optical sensor of the present invention, the plurality of light projecting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements are manufactured on the same process and on the same wafer.

本発明によれば、投受光素子として電流狭窄構造及びダブルヘテロ構造を備えた表面発光型のＬＥＤを用いることにより、波長選択性の高い受光特性を実現することができるので、外乱光による誤判定・誤検出の可能性を低減することができる。本発明では、１つのＬＥＤが投光素子と受光素子を兼ねているので、発光スペクトルと受光スペクトルを一致させることができ、外乱光の排除効果をより高めることができる。   According to the present invention, by using a surface-emitting LED having a current confinement structure and a double hetero structure as a light projecting / receiving element, a light receiving characteristic with high wavelength selectivity can be realized. -The possibility of false detection can be reduced. In the present invention, since one LED serves as both a light projecting element and a light receiving element, the emission spectrum and the light reception spectrum can be matched, and the effect of eliminating disturbance light can be further enhanced.

また、本発明では、投受光素子を複数設けることにより、物体の有無だけでなく、物体の向きを検出することができる。   In the present invention, by providing a plurality of light projecting / receiving elements, not only the presence / absence of an object but also the direction of the object can be detected.

また、本発明では、投光素子と受光素子を複数組設け、これら投光素子と受光素子に電流狭窄構造及びダブルヘテロ構造を備えた表面発光型のＬＥＤを用いることにより、外乱光による誤判定・誤検出の可能性を低減することができる。また、本発明では、１組の投光素子および受光素子の投光面および受光面の方向と、別の組の投光素子および受光素子の投光面および受光面の方向とが異なるようにしたので、投光面および受光面に対して物体が正対していない場合であっても、物体を検出することができる。   Further, in the present invention, a plurality of sets of light projecting elements and light receiving elements are provided, and by using a surface emitting LED having a current confinement structure and a double hetero structure for the light projecting elements and the light receiving elements, erroneous determination due to disturbance light -The possibility of false detection can be reduced. In the present invention, the direction of the light projecting surface and the light receiving surface of one set of light projecting elements and light receiving elements is different from the direction of the light projecting surface and the light receiving surface of another set of light projecting elements and light receiving elements. Therefore, even if the object is not directly facing the light projecting surface and the light receiving surface, the object can be detected.

また、本発明では、複数の投光素子と複数の受光素子として、同一プロセス、同一ウエハ上で製造されたものを用いることにより、外乱光の排除効果をより高めることができる。   Moreover, in this invention, the exclusion effect of disturbance light can be heightened more by using what was manufactured on the same process and the same wafer as a some light projection element and a some light receiving element.

本発明の第１の実施の形態に係る反射型光センサの構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the reflection type optical sensor which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施の形態に係る反射型光センサの構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the reflection type optical sensor which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施の形態に係る反射型光センサの構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the reflection type optical sensor which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施の形態に係る投受光素子の発光パターンを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the light emission pattern of the light projection / reception element which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施の形態における物体の向きの検出方法を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the detection method of the direction of the object in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

［第１の実施の形態］
以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。図１は本発明の第１の実施の形態に係る反射型光センサの構成を示すブロック図である。
本実施の形態の反射型光センサは、電流狭窄構造及びダブルヘテロ構造を備えた表面発光型のＬＥＤ（Resonant-Cavity Light Emitting Diode、以下、ＲＣＬＥＤとする）からなり、光を放射して戻り光を受光する投受光素子１と、投受光素子１を駆動する投光回路２と、投受光素子１のアノード−カソード間電圧を検出して電圧信号を出力する受光回路３と、投受光素子１のインピーダンス変化に基づいて投受光素子１の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定する判定部４と、判定部４の判定結果を表示する表示部５とを有する。 [First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a reflective photosensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
The reflective optical sensor according to the present embodiment includes a surface-emitting LED (Resonant-Cavity Light Emitting Diode, hereinafter referred to as RCLED) having a current confinement structure and a double heterostructure, and emits light to return light. A light emitting / receiving element 1 for receiving light, a light projecting circuit 2 for driving the light projecting / receiving element 1, a light receiving circuit 3 for detecting a voltage between the anode and cathode of the light projecting / receiving element 1 and outputting a voltage signal, and a light projecting / receiving element 1. The determination unit 4 determines whether or not an object exists in the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element 1 based on the impedance change, and the display unit 5 displays the determination result of the determination unit 4.

投光回路２は、投受光素子１に対して一定の電流を供給する。これにより、投受光素子１は、物体検知用の光を前方に放射する。投受光素子１の光放射方向に物体１０が存在すると、物体１０からの戻り光が投受光素子１に入射する。
受光回路３は、投受光素子１のアノード−カソード間電圧を検出して電圧信号を出力する。発光中の投受光素子１に物体１０からの戻り光が入射すると、投受光素子１のインピーダンスが減少し、アノード−カソード間電圧が減少する。 The light projecting circuit 2 supplies a constant current to the light projecting / receiving element 1. Thereby, the light projecting / receiving element 1 radiates light for object detection forward. When the object 10 exists in the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element 1, the return light from the object 10 enters the light projecting / receiving element 1.
The light receiving circuit 3 detects the voltage between the anode and the cathode of the light projecting / receiving element 1 and outputs a voltage signal. When the return light from the object 10 enters the light emitting / receiving element 1 that is emitting light, the impedance of the light projecting / receiving element 1 is reduced, and the voltage between the anode and the cathode is reduced.

判定部４は、投受光素子１のインピーダンス変化に基づいて投受光素子１の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定する。具体的には、判定部４は、受光回路３から出力される電圧が所定の電圧しきい値を下回る場合、投受光素子１の光放射方向に物体１０が存在すると判定する。投受光素子１の光放射方向に物体１０が存在しない場合、受光回路３から出力される電圧は電圧しきい値以上となる。一方、投受光素子１の光放射方向に物体１０が存在する場合、上記のとおり投受光素子１のインピーダンスが減少し、投受光素子１のアノード−カソード間電圧が減少するので、受光回路３から出力される電圧は電圧しきい値未満となる。表示部５は、判定部４の判定結果を表示する。   The determination unit 4 determines whether an object exists in the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element 1 based on the impedance change of the light projecting / receiving element 1. Specifically, the determination unit 4 determines that the object 10 exists in the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element 1 when the voltage output from the light receiving circuit 3 is below a predetermined voltage threshold. When the object 10 does not exist in the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element 1, the voltage output from the light receiving circuit 3 is equal to or higher than the voltage threshold value. On the other hand, when the object 10 is present in the light emitting direction of the light projecting / receiving element 1, the impedance of the light projecting / receiving element 1 is reduced as described above, and the voltage between the anode and cathode of the light projecting / receiving element 1 is reduced. The output voltage is less than the voltage threshold. The display unit 5 displays the determination result of the determination unit 4.

こうして、本実施の形態では、物体１０を検出することができる。上記のとおり、通常のフォトダイオードでは、発光素子のスペクトルに対してフォトダイオードの波長選択性のスペクトルが広いので、外乱光による誤判定・誤検出が生じる。これに対して、本実施の形態では、投受光素子１としてＲＣＬＥＤを用いている。ＲＣＬＥＤを用いることにより、波長選択性の高い受光特性を実現することができるので、ＲＣＬＥＤの出力光と異なる波長の外乱光を排除することができ、外乱光による誤判定・誤検出の可能性を低減することができる。   Thus, in the present embodiment, the object 10 can be detected. As described above, in the normal photodiode, the spectrum of the wavelength selectivity of the photodiode is wide with respect to the spectrum of the light emitting element, and therefore erroneous determination / detection due to ambient light occurs. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, RCLED is used as the light projecting / receiving element 1. By using RCLED, light receiving characteristics with high wavelength selectivity can be realized, so that disturbance light with a wavelength different from that of the output light of RCLED can be eliminated, and the possibility of misjudgment and erroneous detection due to disturbance light can be eliminated. Can be reduced.

また、ＲＣＬＥＤはＶＣＳＥＬ（Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser）と同様に戻り光が活性層に再注入することによって活性層のインピーダンスに変化が生じるために、半導体レーザの自己結合効果型レーザセンサと同様に投光素子が受光素子を兼ねることができる。本実施の形態では、１つのＲＣＬＥＤが投光素子と受光素子を兼ねているので、発光スペクトルと受光スペクトルを一致させることができ、外乱光の排除効果をより高めることができる。   In addition, RCLEDs, like VCSELs (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers), cause changes in the impedance of the active layer by reinjecting the return light into the active layer. The optical element can also serve as the light receiving element. In the present embodiment, since one RCLED serves as both the light projecting element and the light receiving element, the emission spectrum and the light reception spectrum can be matched, and the effect of eliminating disturbance light can be further enhanced.

発明者は、半導体レーザを用いた自己結合型の反射型光センサを提案した（特開２０１０−７１９２６号公報）。ただし、可視光のＶＣＳＥＬは温度特性が悪く、寿命が短いため可視光のセンサを構成することは困難である。これに対して、本実施の形態では、可視光の光センサを実現することができる。また、１つのＶＣＳＥＬで投光素子と受光素子を兼ねた場合、発振波長と物体までの距離の関係でＶＣＳＥＬのインピーダンスが不安定となるため、特開２０１０−７１９２６号公報で提案したように発振波長を変調して干渉信号を得る必要がある。これに対して、本実施の形態のＲＣＬＥＤの場合は、発光スペクトルがブロードで可干渉性が低いので、戻り光干渉によるＲＣＬＥＤの不安定化は生じない。   The inventor has proposed a self-coupled reflection type optical sensor using a semiconductor laser (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-71926). However, a visible light VCSEL has poor temperature characteristics and a short lifetime, so that it is difficult to construct a visible light sensor. On the other hand, in this embodiment, a visible light optical sensor can be realized. Further, when a single VCSEL serves as both a light projecting element and a light receiving element, the impedance of the VCSEL becomes unstable due to the relationship between the oscillation wavelength and the distance to the object, so that oscillation occurs as proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-71926. It is necessary to obtain an interference signal by modulating the wavelength. On the other hand, in the case of the RCLED of the present embodiment, the emission spectrum is broad and the coherence is low, so that the RCLED is not destabilized due to return light interference.

なお、本実施の形態では、投受光素子１に一定の電流を供給して、投受光素子１のアノード−カソード間電圧を検出することにより、投受光素子１のインピーダンスの変化を検出しているが、これに限るものではない。
投光回路２は、投受光素子１に一定の電圧を印加してもよい。この場合、発光中の投受光素子１に物体１０からの戻り光が入射すると、投受光素子１のインピーダンスが減少し、投受光素子１の出力電流が増加する。受光回路３は、投受光素子１の電流を検出して電流信号を出力すればよい。判定部４は、受光回路３から出力される電流が所定の電流しきい値を上回る場合、投受光素子１の光放射方向に物体１０が存在すると判定し、受光回路３から出力される電流が電流しきい値以下の場合、投受光素子１の光放射方向に物体１０が存在しないと判定する。 In the present embodiment, a change in impedance of the light projecting / receiving element 1 is detected by supplying a constant current to the light projecting / receiving element 1 and detecting the anode-cathode voltage of the light projecting / receiving element 1. However, it is not limited to this.
The light projecting circuit 2 may apply a constant voltage to the light projecting / receiving element 1. In this case, when the return light from the object 10 is incident on the light emitting / receiving element 1 that is emitting light, the impedance of the light projecting / receiving element 1 decreases, and the output current of the light projecting / receiving element 1 increases. The light receiving circuit 3 may detect the current of the light projecting / receiving element 1 and output a current signal. When the current output from the light receiving circuit 3 exceeds a predetermined current threshold value, the determination unit 4 determines that the object 10 exists in the light emitting direction of the light projecting / receiving element 1, and the current output from the light receiving circuit 3 is When the current threshold value or less, it is determined that the object 10 does not exist in the light emitting direction of the light projecting / receiving element 1.

［第２の実施の形態］
次に、本発明の第２の実施の形態について説明する。図２は本発明の第２の実施の形態に係る反射型光センサの構成を示すブロック図である。
本実施の形態の反射型光センサは、ＲＣＬＥＤからなる投光素子１１−１，１１−２と、投光素子１１−１，１１−２と同一種類のＲＣＬＥＤからなる受光素子１２−１，１２−２と、投光素子１１−１，１１−２を駆動する投光回路１３−１，１３−２と、受光素子１２−１，１２−２の出力電流を電圧に変換して出力する受光回路１４−１，１４−２と、戻り光量に基づいて投光素子１１−１，１１−２の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定する判定部１５と、判定部１５の判定結果を表示する表示部１６とを有する。 [Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a reflective photosensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
The reflection type optical sensor according to the present embodiment includes light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2 made of RCLED and light receiving elements 12-1 and 12 made of RCLED of the same type as the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2. -2, light projecting circuits 13-1 and 13-2 that drive the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2, and light reception that converts the output current of the light receiving elements 12-1 and 12-2 into a voltage and outputs the voltage. A determination unit 15 that determines whether or not an object exists in the light emission direction of the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2 based on the circuits 14-1 and 14-2 and the return light amount, and a determination by the determination unit 15 And a display unit 16 for displaying the result.

本実施の形態では、複数の投光素子１１−１，１１−２と、投光素子１１−１，１１−２と同数の受光素子１２−１，１２−２とを用いるが、投光素子１１−１の投光面の方向とこれに対応する受光素子１２−１の受光面の方向とが同一で、投光素子１１−２の投光面の方向とこれに対応する受光素子１２−２の受光面の方向とが同一で、かつ素子１１−１，１２−１の投光面および受光面の方向と素子１１−２，１２−２の投光面および受光面の方向とが異なるようになっている。   In the present embodiment, a plurality of light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2 and the same number of light receiving elements 12-1 and 12-2 as the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2 are used. The direction of the light projecting surface of 11-1 is the same as the direction of the light receiving surface of the light receiving element 12-1 corresponding thereto, and the direction of the light projecting surface of the light projecting element 11-2 and the light receiving element 12- corresponding thereto. 2 are the same in direction of the light receiving surface, and the direction of the light projecting surface and the light receiving surface of the elements 11-1 and 12-1 are different from the direction of the light projecting surface and the light receiving surface of the elements 11-2 and 12-2. It is like that.

投光回路１３−１，１３−２は、それぞれ投光素子１１−１，１１−２に対して一定の電流または一定の電圧を供給する。これにより、投光素子１１−１，１１−２は、物体検知用の光を前方に放射する。投光素子１１−１の投光面と正対する方向に物体１０が存在する場合、投光素子１１−１から放射された光が物体１０で反射されて受光素子１２−１に入射する。また、投光素子１１−２の投光面と正対する方向に物体１０が存在する場合、投光素子１１−２から放射された光が物体１０で反射されて受光素子１２−２に入射する。また、図２に示すように投光素子１１−１，１１−２の投光面と物体１０の面とが正対していない場合、投光素子１１−１から放射された光が物体１０で反射されて受光素子１２−２に入射し、投光素子１１−２から放射された光が物体１０で反射されて受光素子１２−１に入射する。   The light projecting circuits 13-1 and 13-2 supply a constant current or a constant voltage to the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2, respectively. Thereby, the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2 radiate light for object detection forward. When the object 10 exists in a direction facing the light projecting surface of the light projecting element 11-1, the light emitted from the light projecting element 11-1 is reflected by the object 10 and enters the light receiving element 12-1. Further, when the object 10 is present in a direction facing the light projecting surface of the light projecting element 11-2, the light emitted from the light projecting element 11-2 is reflected by the object 10 and enters the light receiving element 12-2. . As shown in FIG. 2, when the light projecting surfaces of the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2 do not face the surface of the object 10, the light emitted from the light projecting element 11-1 is the object 10. The light reflected and incident on the light receiving element 12-2 is reflected by the object 10 and incident on the light receiving element 12-1.

受光回路１４−１，１４−２は、それぞれ受光素子１２−１，１２−２の出力電流を電圧に変換して出力する。受光素子１２−１，１２−２が受光すると、受光回路１４−１，１４−２の出力電圧は上昇し、受光素子１２−１，１２−２が受光しない場合、受光回路１４−１，１４−２の出力電圧は低下する。   The light receiving circuits 14-1 and 14-2 convert the output currents of the light receiving elements 12-1 and 12-2 into voltages and output the voltages. When the light receiving elements 12-1 and 12-2 receive light, the output voltages of the light receiving circuits 14-1 and 14-2 rise. When the light receiving elements 12-1 and 12-2 do not receive light, the light receiving circuits 14-1 and 14 are received. -2 output voltage decreases.

判定部１５は、受光回路１４−１と受光回路１４−２のうちどちらか一方の出力電圧が所定の電圧しきい値を超えた場合、投光素子１１−１，１１−２の光放射方向に物体１０が存在すると判定する。表示部１６は、判定部１５の判定結果を表示する。   When the output voltage of one of the light receiving circuit 14-1 and the light receiving circuit 14-2 exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold value, the determination unit 15 emits light in the light emitting elements 11-1 and 11-2. It is determined that the object 10 exists. The display unit 16 displays the determination result of the determination unit 15.

なお、上記のとおり、投光素子１１−１，１１−２および受光素子１２−１，１２−２と物体１０との角度によって受光素子１２−１と受光素子１２−２の両方が受光する場合と、受光素子１２−１と受光素子１２−２のうちどちらか一方のみが受光する場合とがある。そこで、判定部１５は、全ての受光回路１４−１，１４−２の出力電圧が所定の電圧しきい値を超えた場合に、投光素子１１−１，１１−２の光放射方向に物体１０が存在すると判定するようにしてもよい。   As described above, when both the light receiving element 12-1 and the light receiving element 12-2 receive light depending on the angle between the light projecting elements 11-1, 11-2 and the light receiving elements 12-1, 12-2 and the object 10. In some cases, only one of the light receiving element 12-1 and the light receiving element 12-2 receives light. Therefore, when the output voltage of all the light receiving circuits 14-1 and 14-2 exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold, the determination unit 15 moves the object in the light emission direction of the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2. It may be determined that 10 exists.

以上のように、本実施の形態では、投光素子と受光素子を複数組設け、これら投光素子と受光素子にＲＣＬＥＤを用いる。ＲＣＬＥＤを用いることにより、波長選択性の高い受光特性を実現することができるので、ＲＣＬＥＤの出力光と異なる波長の外乱光を排除することができ、外乱光による誤判定・誤検出の可能性を低減することができる。また、本実施の形態では、投光素子と受光素子に同一種類のＲＣＬＥＤを用いるので、発光スペクトルと受光スペクトルを一致させることができ、外乱光の排除効果をより高めることができる。さらに、投光素子１１−１，１１−２および受光素子１２−１，１２−２に同一プロセス、同一ウエハ上で製造されたＲＣＬＥＤを用いることで、発光スペクトルと受光スペクトルの一致度をより高めることができる。   As described above, in this embodiment, a plurality of sets of light projecting elements and light receiving elements are provided, and RCLEDs are used for these light projecting elements and light receiving elements. By using RCLED, light receiving characteristics with high wavelength selectivity can be realized, so that disturbance light with a wavelength different from that of the output light of RCLED can be eliminated, and the possibility of misjudgment and erroneous detection due to disturbance light can be eliminated. Can be reduced. In the present embodiment, since the same type of RCLED is used for the light projecting element and the light receiving element, the emission spectrum and the light reception spectrum can be matched, and the effect of eliminating disturbance light can be further enhanced. Furthermore, by using RCLEDs manufactured on the same process and the same wafer for the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2 and the light receiving elements 12-1 and 12-2, the degree of coincidence between the emission spectrum and the light reception spectrum is further increased. be able to.

また、本実施の形態では、１組の投光素子１１−１および受光素子１２−１の投光面および受光面の方向と、別の組の投光素子１１−２および受光素子１２−２の投光面および受光面の方向とが異なるようにしたので、投光面および受光面に対して物体１０が正対していない場合であっても、物体１０を検出することができる。
なお、本実施の形態では、投光素子と受光素子を２組設けているが、３組以上設けるようにしてもよい。 Further, in the present embodiment, the direction of the light projecting surface and the light receiving surface of one set of light projecting element 11-1 and light receiving element 12-1, and another set of light projecting element 11-2 and light receiving element 12-2. Since the directions of the light projecting surface and the light receiving surface are different, the object 10 can be detected even when the object 10 is not facing the light projecting surface and the light receiving surface.
In this embodiment, two sets of light projecting elements and light receiving elements are provided, but three or more sets may be provided.

［第３の実施の形態］
次に、本発明の第３の実施の形態について説明する。図３は本発明の第３の実施の形態に係る反射型光センサの構成を示すブロック図であり、図１と同様の構成には同一の符号を付してある。
本実施の形態の反射型光センサは、ＲＣＬＥＤからなる投受光素子１−１，１−２と、投受光素子１−１，１−２を駆動する投光回路２−１，２−２と、投受光素子１−１，１−２のアノード−カソード間電圧を検出して電圧信号を出力する受光回路３−１，３−２と、投受光素子１−１，１−２のインピーダンス変化に基づいて投受光素子１−１，１−２の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定すると共に、投受光素子１−１，１−２のインピーダンス変化に基づいて物体の向きを検出する判定部４ａと、判定部４ａの判定結果を表示する表示部５とを有する。 [Third Embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a reflective photosensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as those in FIG.
The reflection type photosensor according to the present embodiment includes light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 made of RCLED, and light projecting circuits 2-1 and 2-2 for driving the light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2. Impedance change of light receiving circuits 3-1 and 3-2 for detecting the voltage between the anode and cathode of light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 and outputting a voltage signal, and light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 Is determined based on the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2, and the direction of the object is determined based on the impedance change of the light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2. It has the determination part 4a to detect, and the display part 5 which displays the determination result of the determination part 4a.

本実施の形態では、１つの投受光素子１−１の投受光面の方向と別の投受光素子１−２の投受光面の方向とが異なるようになっている。
投光回路２−１，２−２は、投受光素子１−１，１−２に対して一定の電流を供給する。これにより、投受光素子１−１，１−２は、物体検知用の光を前方に放射する。
受光回路３−１，３−２は、投受光素子１−１，１−２のアノード−カソード間電圧を検出して電圧信号を出力する。 In the present embodiment, the direction of the light projecting / receiving surface of one light projecting / receiving element 1-1 is different from the direction of the light projecting / receiving surface of another light projecting / receiving element 1-2.
The light projecting circuits 2-1 and 2-2 supply a constant current to the light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2. Thereby, the light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 radiate light for object detection forward.
The light receiving circuits 3-1 and 3-2 detect the voltage between the anode and the cathode of the light projecting and receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 and output a voltage signal.

判定部４ａは、投受光素子１−１，１−２のインピーダンス変化に基づいて投受光素子１−１，１−２の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定すると共に、物体の向きを検出する。図４（Ａ）、図４（Ｂ）は投受光素子１−１，１−２の発光パターンを説明する図である。図４（Ａ）、図４（Ｂ）の「ＯＮ」は発光を示し、「ＯＦＦ」は消灯を示している。このように、投受光素子１−１，１−２の発光期間は、全ての投受光素子が同時に発光する発光期間と、他の投受光素子が発光していないときに発光する発光期間とを含む。   The determination unit 4a determines whether or not an object exists in the light emission direction of the light projecting and receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 based on the impedance change of the light projecting and receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2. Detect orientation. 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the light emission patterns of the light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2. 4A and 4B, “ON” indicates light emission, and “OFF” indicates extinguishing. As described above, the light emitting periods of the light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 include the light emitting period during which all the light projecting / receiving elements emit light simultaneously and the light emitting period during which the other light projecting / receiving elements emit light. Including.

判定部４ａは、受光回路３−１，３−２から出力される電圧のうち少なくとも一方の電圧が所定の電圧しきい値を下回る場合、投受光素子１−１，１−２の光放射方向に物体１０が存在すると判定する。
図５（Ａ）に示すように、投受光素子１−１の投受光面と正対する方向に物体１０が存在する場合、投受光素子１−１から放射された光が物体１０で反射されて投受光素子１−１に入射する。一方、投受光素子１−２には物体１０からの反射光は入射しない。したがって、判定部４ａは、投受光素子１−１，１−２が同時に発光する期間において、受光回路３−１から出力される電圧が電圧しきい値未満で、受光回路３−２から出力される電圧が電圧しきい値以上である場合、物体１０が投受光素子１−１の方を向いていると判定する。 When at least one of the voltages output from the light receiving circuits 3-1 and 3-2 is lower than a predetermined voltage threshold, the determination unit 4a emits light in the light emitting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2. It is determined that the object 10 exists.
As shown in FIG. 5A, when the object 10 exists in a direction facing the light projecting / receiving surface of the light projecting / receiving element 1-1, the light emitted from the light projecting / receiving element 1-1 is reflected by the object 10. It enters the light projecting / receiving element 1-1. On the other hand, the reflected light from the object 10 does not enter the light projecting / receiving element 1-2. Therefore, the determination unit 4a outputs the light output from the light receiving circuit 3-2 when the light emitting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 emit light simultaneously and the voltage output from the light receiving circuit 3-1 is less than the voltage threshold value. When the voltage to be detected is equal to or higher than the voltage threshold value, it is determined that the object 10 faces the light projecting / receiving element 1-1.

図５（Ｂ）に示すように、投受光素子１−２の投受光面と正対する方向に物体１０が存在する場合、投受光素子１−２から放射された光が物体１０で反射されて投受光素子１−２に入射する。一方、投受光素子１−１には物体１０からの反射光は入射しない。したがって、判定部４ａは、投受光素子１−１，１−２が同時に発光する期間において、受光回路３−２から出力される電圧が電圧しきい値未満で、受光回路３−１から出力される電圧が電圧しきい値以上である場合、物体１０が投受光素子１−２の方を向いていると判定する。   As shown in FIG. 5B, when the object 10 exists in the direction facing the light projecting / receiving surface of the light projecting / receiving element 1-2, the light emitted from the light projecting / receiving element 1-2 is reflected by the object 10. It enters the light projecting / receiving element 1-2. On the other hand, the reflected light from the object 10 does not enter the light projecting / receiving element 1-1. Therefore, the determination unit 4a outputs the light output from the light receiving circuit 3-1 when the light emitting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 emit light simultaneously and the voltage output from the light receiving circuit 3-2 is less than the voltage threshold value. When the voltage to be detected is equal to or higher than the voltage threshold, it is determined that the object 10 faces the light projecting / receiving element 1-2.

図５（Ｃ）に示すように、投受光素子１−１，１−２の投受光面と物体１０の面とが正対していない場合、投受光素子１−１から放射された光が物体１０で反射されて投受光素子１−２に入射し、投受光素子１−２から放射された光が物体１０で反射されて投受光素子１−２に入射する。したがって、判定部４ａは、投受光素子１−１，１−２が同時に発光する期間において、受光回路３−１，３−２から出力される電圧が共に電圧しきい値未満である場合、物体１０が、投受光素子１−１の放射光の軸と投受光素子１−２の放射光の軸とがなす角（図５（Ｃ）のθ）を略２分する方向を向いていると判定する。   As shown in FIG. 5C, when the light projecting / receiving surfaces of the light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 and the surface of the object 10 are not facing each other, the light emitted from the light projecting / receiving element 1-1 is the object. The light reflected from 10 is incident on the light projecting / receiving element 1-2, and the light emitted from the light projecting / receiving element 1-2 is reflected on the object 10 and enters the light projecting / receiving element 1-2. Accordingly, the determination unit 4a determines that the object output when the voltages output from the light receiving circuits 3-1 and 3-2 are both less than the voltage threshold during the period in which the light projecting and receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2 emit light simultaneously. 10 is directed in a direction that substantially bisects an angle (θ in FIG. 5C) formed by the axis of the emitted light of the light projecting / receiving element 1-1 and the axis of the emitted light of the light projecting / receiving element 1-2. judge.

こうして、本実施の形態では、物体１０の有無だけでなく、物体１０の向きを検出することができる。
なお、第１の実施の形態で説明したとおり、投光回路２−１，２−２は、投受光素子１−１，１−２に一定の電圧を印加してもよい。この場合、第１の実施の形態で説明したとおり、受光回路３−１，３−２から出力される電流と所定の電流しきい値とを比較して、物体１０の有無を検出すればよい。 Thus, in this embodiment, not only the presence / absence of the object 10 but also the direction of the object 10 can be detected.
As described in the first embodiment, the light projecting circuits 2-1 and 2-2 may apply a constant voltage to the light projecting / receiving elements 1-1 and 1-2. In this case, as described in the first embodiment, the presence / absence of the object 10 may be detected by comparing the current output from the light receiving circuits 3-1 and 3-2 with a predetermined current threshold value. .

第１〜第３の実施の形態において、投受光素子１，１−１，１−２、投光素子１１−１，１１−２を連続的に発光させてもよいし、パルス発光させてもよい。   In the first to third embodiments, the light projecting / receiving elements 1, 1-1, 1-2 and the light projecting elements 11-1 and 11-2 may emit light continuously or pulse light. Good.

第１〜第３の実施の形態の判定部４，４ａ，１５は、例えばＣＰＵ、記憶装置およびインタフェースを備えたコンピュータによって実現することができる。ＣＰＵは、記憶装置に格納されたプログラムに従って第１〜第３の実施の形態で説明した処理を実行する。   The determination units 4, 4 a, 15 of the first to third embodiments can be realized by a computer including a CPU, a storage device, and an interface, for example. The CPU executes the processes described in the first to third embodiments in accordance with a program stored in the storage device.

本発明は、反射型光センサに適用することができる。   The present invention can be applied to a reflective optical sensor.

１，１−１，１−２…投受光素子、２，２−１，２−２，１３−１，１３−２…投光回路、３，３−１，３−２，１４−１，１４−２…受光回路、４，４ａ，１５…判定部、５，１６…表示部、１１−１，１１−２…投光素子、１２−１，１２−２…受光素子。   1, 1-1, 1-2... Projecting / receiving element, 2, 2-1, 2-2, 13-1, 13-2... Projecting circuit, 3, 3-1, 3-2, 14-1, 14-2 ... light receiving circuit, 4, 4a, 15 ... determination unit, 5, 16 ... display unit, 11-1, 11-2 ... light projecting element, 12-1, 12-2 ... light receiving element.

Claims (8)

電流狭窄構造及びダブルヘテロ構造を備えた表面発光型のＬＥＤからなり、光を放射して戻り光を受光する投受光素子と、
この投受光素子のインピーダンス変化に基づいて前記投受光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定する判定手段とを備えることを特徴とする反射型光センサ。 A light emitting / receiving element comprising a surface light emitting type LED having a current confinement structure and a double hetero structure, emitting light and receiving return light;
A reflection type optical sensor comprising: determination means for determining whether or not an object exists in the light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element based on a change in impedance of the light projecting / receiving element. 請求項１記載の反射型光センサにおいて、
さらに、前記投受光素子に一定の電流を供給する投光回路と、
前記投受光素子のアノード−カソード間電圧を検出する受光回路とを備え、
前記判定手段は、前記受光回路から出力される電圧が所定の電圧しきい値を下回るときに、前記投受光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在すると判定することを特徴とする反射型光センサ。 The reflective optical sensor according to claim 1,
A light projecting circuit for supplying a constant current to the light projecting / receiving element;
A light receiving circuit that detects an anode-cathode voltage of the light emitting / receiving element,
The reflection type optical sensor, wherein the determination unit determines that an object is present in a light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element when a voltage output from the light receiving circuit falls below a predetermined voltage threshold value. 請求項１記載の反射型光センサにおいて、
さらに、前記投受光素子に一定の電圧を供給する投光回路と、
前記投受光素子の出力電流を検出する受光回路とを備え、
前記判定手段は、前記受光回路から出力される電流が所定の電流しきい値を上回るときに、前記投受光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在すると判定することを特徴とする反射型光センサ。 The reflective optical sensor according to claim 1,
A light projecting circuit for supplying a constant voltage to the light projecting / receiving element;
A light receiving circuit for detecting an output current of the light emitting and receiving element,
The reflection type optical sensor, wherein the determination unit determines that an object is present in a light emission direction of the light projecting / receiving element when a current output from the light receiving circuit exceeds a predetermined current threshold value. 請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載の反射型光センサにおいて、
前記投受光素子は、複数設けられ、
前記判定手段は、複数の投受光素子のインピーダンス変化に基づいて投受光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定すると共に、複数の投受光素子のインピーダンス変化に基づいて前記物体の向きを検出することを特徴とする反射型光センサ。 The reflection type optical sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A plurality of the light projecting and receiving elements are provided,
The determination unit determines whether or not an object exists in the light emission direction of the light projecting and receiving elements based on impedance changes of the plurality of light projecting and receiving elements, and determines whether the object is based on impedance changes of the plurality of light projecting and receiving elements. A reflection-type optical sensor that detects a direction. 請求項４記載の反射型光センサにおいて、
前記複数の投受光素子の発光期間は、全ての投受光素子が同時に発光する発光期間と、他の投受光素子が発光していないときに発光する発光期間とを含むことを特徴とする反射型光センサ。 The reflective optical sensor according to claim 4,
The light emitting period of the plurality of light projecting / receiving elements includes a light emitting period in which all the light projecting / receiving elements emit light simultaneously and a light emitting period in which light is emitted when other light projecting / receiving elements are not emitting light. Optical sensor. 電流狭窄構造及びダブルヘテロ構造を備えた表面発光型のＬＥＤからなる複数の投光素子と、
この投光素子から放射された光の戻り光を受光する、前記表面発光型のＬＥＤからなる複数の受光素子と、
前記戻り光に基づいて前記投光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在するか否かを判定する判定手段とを備え、
前記複数の投光素子は、互いに投光面の方向が異なり、
前記複数の受光素子は、互いに受光面の方向が異なり、対応する投光素子の投光面の方向と自素子の受光面の方向とが同一となるように、対応する投光素子と並べて配置されることを特徴とする反射型光センサ。 A plurality of light emitting elements comprising surface-emitting LEDs having a current confinement structure and a double heterostructure;
A plurality of light receiving elements comprising the surface-emitting LEDs for receiving the return light of the light emitted from the light projecting element;
Determination means for determining whether an object exists in the light emission direction of the light projecting element based on the return light;
The plurality of light projecting elements have different light projecting surface directions,
The plurality of light receiving elements are arranged side by side with the corresponding light projecting elements so that the directions of the light receiving surfaces are different from each other, and the direction of the light projecting surface of the corresponding light projecting element is the same as the direction of the light receiving surface of the own element. A reflection type optical sensor. 請求項６記載の反射型光センサにおいて、
前記判定手段は、前記複数の受光素子のうち少なくとも１つで戻り光を受光したときに、前記投光素子の光放射方向に物体が存在すると判定することを特徴とする反射型光センサ。 The reflective optical sensor according to claim 6, wherein
The reflection type optical sensor, wherein the determination unit determines that an object is present in the light emission direction of the light projecting element when the return light is received by at least one of the plurality of light receiving elements. 請求項６または７記載の反射型光センサにおいて、
前記複数の投光素子と前記複数の受光素子とは、同一プロセス、同一ウエハ上で製造されたものであることを特徴とする反射型光センサ。 The reflection type optical sensor according to claim 6 or 7,
The plurality of light projecting elements and the plurality of light receiving elements are manufactured in the same process and on the same wafer.
JP2014010959A 2014-01-24 2014-01-24 reflection type optical sensor Pending JP2015137988A (en)

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