JP2015129873A - Program and information processing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new program and a new information processing apparatus.SOLUTION: An arithmetic unit executes processing including the steps of: determining a visible area of a window for a predetermined application; performing image-processing on image data to be displayed in the visible area, to determine a mask display area; generating a mask image to be overlapped with the mask display area; and displaying the mask image in the foreground.

Description

The present invention relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method. Or this invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition (composition of matter). In particular, the present invention relates to, for example, a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a driving method thereof, or a manufacturing method thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to a program or an information processing apparatus, for example.

A technique for reducing power consumption by reducing a refresh rate when displaying a still image on a display unit is known.

JP 2011-186449 A

An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel program. Another object is to provide a novel information processing device. Another object is to suppress the occurrence of flicker associated with display update.

Note that the description of these problems does not disturb the existence of other problems. Note that one embodiment of the present invention does not have to solve all of these problems. Issues other than these will be apparent from the description of the specification, drawings, claims, etc., and other issues can be extracted from the descriptions of the specification, drawings, claims, etc. It is.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a first step for initialization, a second step for permitting interrupt processing, and a first image (also referred to as a mask image) are displayed in a first display area (also referred to as a mask display area). The third step to be displayed at the foremost side so as to overlap, the fifth step when the end command is supplied, the fourth step proceeding to the third step otherwise, and the fifth step ending And a program to be executed by a computing unit.

Then, the interrupt processing proceeds to the seventh step when a predetermined event is supplied, and proceeds to the ninth step otherwise, and the second display area (the window of the predetermined application is used). Is subtracted from the third display area (also referred to as an area used by another application window displayed in front of the application) to obtain a fourth display area (also referred to as an application visible area). A seventh step of determining, and a first display area (mask display) by subtracting a fifth display area (also referred to as an area determined based on image data) from a fourth display area (also referred to as a visible area); An eighth step of determining an area (also referred to as an area) and a first image (also referred to as a mask image) overlapping the first display area (also referred to as a mask display area). Comprising a ninth step of generating, a tenth step of returning from the interrupt process, the.

According to one aspect of the present invention, in the seventh step, the area used by the window of another application displayed before the application is subtracted from the area used by the window of the application that displays the document. This is the program for determining the display area (also referred to as the visible area of the application).

In one embodiment of the present invention, the eighth step subtracts a region where the gradation value of the image data exceeds a predetermined threshold value from the fourth display region (also referred to as a visible region) to obtain the first display region ( This program determines the mask display area.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the ninth step generates the first image (also referred to as a mask image) that overlaps the first display area (also referred to as a mask display area) using the texture data. It is a program.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the third step overlaps the first image display region (also referred to as a mask display region) with the first image (also referred to as a mask display region) in a state where the event can be transmitted. The above program is displayed in the forefront.

The program according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first step of determining a visible region of a window of a predetermined application, and a second step of determining a mask display region by performing image processing on image data displayed in the visible region. Then, the arithmetic unit is caused to execute a process including a third step of generating a mask image that overlaps the mask display area and a fourth step of displaying the mask image in the forefront.

As a result, a texture image having a paper pattern, for example, can be displayed in an overlapping manner in, for example, a document display area of a predetermined application. As a result, a new program can be provided.

Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, when the third step is supplied with a predetermined event or displays a moving image, the third step is refreshed more frequently than in other cases, and the first image (mask The program according to any one of the above, wherein the image is also displayed on the foremost side so as to overlap a first display area (also referred to as a mask display area).

The program according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a step of updating the display at a different frequency depending on the presence or absence of a visible region for displaying a moving image or the type of supplied event. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the flicker accompanying the update of a display can be suppressed. As a result, a new program can be provided.

Another embodiment of the present invention is an input device that supplies a predetermined event, an arithmetic device that is supplied with the event and supplies a primary image signal and a primary control signal, a primary image signal and a primary control signal, And a display device that displays an image signal at a frequency based on the primary control signal.

Then, when the event is supplied or when displaying a moving image, the arithmetic device stores a program including a step of supplying a primary control signal for refreshing at a higher frequency than in other cases, and An arithmetic unit that executes the program.

The information processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes an arithmetic device that updates a display at a different frequency according to the presence or absence of a visible region for displaying a moving image or a type of event that is supplied, and a display device that updates the display. It consists of. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the flicker accompanying the update of a display can be suppressed. As a result, a new program can be provided.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel program can be provided. Alternatively, a new information processing apparatus can be provided. Alternatively, occurrence of flicker accompanying display update can be suppressed. Note that the description of these effects does not disturb the existence of other effects. Note that one embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have all of these effects. It should be noted that the effects other than these are naturally obvious from the description of the specification, drawings, claims, etc., and it is possible to extract the other effects from the descriptions of the specification, drawings, claims, etc. It is.

The flowchart explaining the structure of the program which concerns on embodiment. The schematic diagram explaining the image displayed on information processing apparatus as a result of the arithmetic unit performing a process according to the program according to the embodiment. The schematic diagram explaining the area | region determined as a result of the arithmetic unit performing a process according to the program which concerns on embodiment. The schematic diagram explaining the mask image produced | generated as a result of a computing device performing a process according to the program which concerns on embodiment. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an information processing device according to an embodiment. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a display portion of the information processing device according to the embodiment. FIG. 3A and 3B illustrate a structure of a transistor that can be used for a display portion of an information processing device according to an embodiment. 8A and 8B illustrate an external appearance of an electronic device according to an embodiment.

A program according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a step of determining a visible area of a window of a predetermined application, a step of determining a mask display area by performing image processing on image data displayed in the visible area, and a mask overlapping with the mask display area A processing unit is caused to execute a process including a step of generating an image and a step of displaying a mask image in the foreground.

As a result, a texture image having a paper pattern, for example, can be displayed in an overlapping manner in, for example, a document display area of a predetermined application. As a result, a new program can be provided. Alternatively, a new information processing apparatus can be provided.

Embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that modes and details can be variously changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments below. Note that in structures of the invention described below, the same portions or portions having similar functions are denoted by the same reference numerals in different drawings, and description thereof is not repeated.

(Embodiment 1)
In this embodiment, a structure of a program according to one embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating the configuration of a program according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating image data displayed on the information processing apparatus. FIG. 2B shows the result of superimposing the mask image data and the image data generated by causing the arithmetic unit to execute the processing of the program of one embodiment of the present invention for the image data shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram to explain.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a region determined by the arithmetic device. FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram for explaining the visible region determined by causing the arithmetic device to execute the processing of the program of one embodiment of the present invention for the image data illustrated in FIG. FIG. 3B illustrates an area in which the gradation value exceeds a predetermined threshold, which is determined by causing the arithmetic device to execute the processing of the program of one embodiment of the present invention for the image data in the visible area illustrated in FIG. FIG.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the mask image data determined by the arithmetic unit. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating mask image data generated by causing the arithmetic device to execute the processing of the program of one embodiment of the present invention for the image data illustrated in FIG.

<Example of Program Configuration 1. >
The program described in the present embodiment causes an arithmetic device to execute processing including the following first step to tenth step.

In the first step, initialization is performed (FIG. 1A (S1)).

In the second step, interrupt processing is permitted (S2).

In the third step, the mask image is displayed on the foremost side so as to overlap the mask display area (S3).

In the fourth step, if the end instruction is supplied, the process proceeds to the fifth step, otherwise the process proceeds to the third step (S4).

In the fifth step, the process ends (S5).

The interrupt process includes the following sixth to tenth steps.

In the sixth step, if a predetermined event is supplied, the process proceeds to the seventh step, and otherwise, the process proceeds to the ninth step (FIG. 1B (T6)).

In the seventh step, the visible area of the application is determined by subtracting the area used by the window of the other application displayed in front of the application from the area used by the window of the predetermined application (T7).

In the eighth step, the mask display area is determined by subtracting the area determined based on the image data from the visible area (T8).

In the ninth step, a mask image overlapping the mask display area is generated (T9).

In the tenth step, the process returns from the interrupt process (T10).

The program includes a step (T6) of determining a visible area of a window of a predetermined application, a step (T7) of determining a mask display area by performing image processing on image data to be displayed in the visible area, a mask display area, The arithmetic unit is caused to execute a process including a step (T9) of generating an overlapping mask image and a step (S4) of displaying the mask image in the forefront.

As a result, a texture image having a paper pattern, for example, can be displayed in an overlapping manner in, for example, a document display area of a predetermined application. As a result, a new program can be provided.

<Overall configuration>
The illustrated program has a first step to a tenth step (see FIG. 1). The main process includes the first to fifth steps, and the interrupt process includes the sixth to tenth steps.

<< First Step >>
The main processing will be described. In the first step, the arithmetic unit is initialized. For example, the counter value may be set to a predetermined value, the mask image may be set to the predetermined image and / or the mask display area may be set to the predetermined area, or an image used for operation may be displayed (FIG. 1 (S1)). reference). Specifically, the counter value can be set to zero.

<< Second Step >>
In the second step, interrupt processing is permitted to the arithmetic device. An arithmetic unit that is permitted to perform interrupt processing can perform interrupt processing in parallel with main processing (see FIG. 1 (S2)).

The arithmetic unit that has returned from the interrupt process to the main process can reflect the result obtained by the interrupt process in the main process.

Note that when the counter value is an initial value, the arithmetic unit performs interrupt processing, and when returning from the interrupt processing, the counter value may be a value other than the initial value. Thereby, interrupt processing can be performed after starting the program.

《Third step》
In the third step, the arithmetic unit is caused to execute a process of displaying the mask image closest to the mask display area (see FIG. 1 (S3)). Thus, the mask image can be displayed in place of the image arranged behind the mask image. Alternatively, the image arranged behind the mask image and the mask image can be mixed or combined and displayed. For example, it is possible to display an image generated by performing an AND logical product or a multiply logical product of two images or an alpha blend process.

For example, predetermined mask image data read at the time of initialization can be displayed in a predetermined area, or mask image data generated by interrupt processing can be displayed in a mask display area determined by interrupt processing. . Note that a process for acquiring or generating mask image data is referred to as a mask process.

Specifically, an image including texture data imitating a paper pattern and color can be used as a mask image. Further, an image in which characters are arranged on a plain background, in other words, an image displaying a document can be used as an image arranged behind a mask image. In addition, a paper pattern and color and a document image can be combined and displayed. As a result, it is possible to display a document that appears on paper on the display unit of the information processing apparatus.

In addition, in a state where the event can be transmitted, it is possible to cause the arithmetic device to execute a process for displaying the mask image on the foremost side so as to overlap the mask display area. Thereby, the mask image can be displayed in the foreground without interfering with the operation of the application arranged behind the mask image. Note that the state of an image that is excluded from the targets to which the operation command is associated based on the coordinate information included in the operation command is referred to as an image state that can transmit the event. Specifically, an operation command is associated with the application arranged second from the front without being associated with the application displayed at the front, and an event can be supplied to the application arranged second from the front.

<< Fourth Step >>
In the fourth step, if the end instruction is supplied, the process proceeds to the fifth step, and otherwise the process proceeds to the third step (see FIG. 1 (S4)). Note that an end command may be received during interrupt processing, and the program may be terminated when returning from interrupt processing.

<< 5th step >>
In the fifth step, the arithmetic unit is caused to end the program (see FIG. 1 (S5)). The mask image display is terminated together with the program.

<< Sixth Step >>
The interrupt process will be described. In the sixth step, if a predetermined event is supplied, the process proceeds to the seventh step, and otherwise, the process proceeds to the tenth step (see FIG. 1 (T6)). An event that causes a change in image data having a predetermined attribute can be set as a predetermined event.

For example, in a graphical user interface (GUI) that employs a window system, an event performed on a window used by application software having a predetermined attribute can be set as a predetermined event.

Specifically, an event for newly creating or deleting a window, an event for moving a window, an event for changing the size of a window, or the like can be set as a predetermined event. Or the event which scrolls an image etc. can be made into a predetermined event.

Note that application software for displaying documents including characters can be designated as predetermined application software. Specifically, a word processor, spreadsheet software, document browsing software, electronic book browsing software, web browser, mail client, or the like can be designated as a predetermined application.

<< Seventh Step >>
In the seventh step, the arithmetic device determines the visible region of the predetermined application (see FIG. 1 (T7)). For example, by subtracting the area used by the window of another application displayed in front of the application from the area used by the window W1, window W2, and window W5 of the application displaying the document, the visibility of the application displaying the document is displayed. The arithmetic unit is caused to execute processing for determining the region VIS1, the visible region VIS2, and the visible region VIS5.

In the present embodiment, application software for displaying documents including characters is predetermined application software, specifically word processor, spreadsheet software, document browsing software, electronic book browsing software, A case where a web browser or a mail client is designated will be described as an example. In addition, an application that uses each window supplies information regarding the arrangement and size of each window.

An example of image data displayed on the information processing apparatus is shown in FIG.

The image data includes five windows, windows W1 to W5. Note that the windows W1 to W5 are overlapped in order from the near side to the far side, and the far side window is hidden in the display of the near side window. Specifically, the windows W2 to W5 are arranged on the back side of the window W1, and a part of the windows W2 to W5 is hidden by the window W1.

The window W1 is used for a word processor, and a character string and an illustration IMG11 are displayed.

The window W2 is used for a web browser, and a character string, an illustration IMG21 and an illustration IMG22 are displayed.

Window W3 is used for photo display software.

The window W4 is used for moving image browsing software, and a moving image is displayed.

The window W5 is used for an e-mail client and displays a character string.

Accordingly, the window W1, the window W2, and the window W5 are used for a predetermined application. As described above, the window W1 is arranged so as to overlap a part of the windows W2 to W5.

Thus, the visible area VIS1 used by the window W1, the visible area VIS2 obtained by subtracting the area used by the window W1 from the area used by the window W2, and the visible area obtained by subtracting the area used by the window W1 from the area used by the window W5. VIS5 is determined as a visible area of a predetermined application (see FIG. 3A).

When subtracting the area used by the window arranged on the near side from the area used by the window arranged on the far side, the whole window arranged on the near side may be subtracted.

Alternatively, when the window includes a content portion and a frame portion surrounding the content portion, the content portion arranged on the front side may be subtracted from the content portion arranged on the back side to form a window area arranged on the back side. .

Alternatively, the window region including the frame portion arranged on the near side may be subtracted from the content portion arranged on the far side to obtain the window region arranged on the far side (see FIG. 3A).

Information relating to the arrangement and size of each window supplied by the application that uses each window can be used to cause the computing device to determine the visible area of the predetermined application.

<< Eighth Step >>
In the eighth step, the arithmetic device determines the mask display area (see FIG. 1 (T8)). For example, the arithmetic unit is caused to execute a process of subtracting an area where the gradation value of the image data exceeds a predetermined threshold from the visible area and determining the mask display area.

In the present embodiment, the layout of the illustration included in the image data is specified based on the image data, and the mask display area is determined by subtracting the specified illustration from the visible area.

Specifically, the obtained image data is subjected to image processing to detect a contour, and a region where an illustration is displayed is determined. Thereby, the area | region where illustration IMG11, illustration IMG21, and illustration IMG22 are displayed can be determined.

The mask display area MASK1 is determined by subtracting the area where the illustration IMG11 is displayed from the visible area VIS1, and the mask display area MASK2 is determined by subtracting the area where the illustrations IMG21 and IMG22 are displayed from the visible area VIS2. Is determined as the mask display area MASK5 (see FIGS. 3 and 4). The mask display area is an area including the mask display area MASK1, the mask display area MASK2, and the mask display area MASK5.

<< Ninth Step >>
In the ninth step, a mask image is generated (see FIG. 1 (T9)). For example, the processing device is caused to execute processing for generating a mask image that overlaps the mask display areas MASK1, MASK2, and MASK5 using the texture data.

The mask image has a shape overlapping the mask display area. In particular, the shape is preferably the same as the shape of the mask display area. The mask image can be an image of a pattern, color or a combination thereof. Specifically, an image having the same shape as the mask display area may be generated using texture data imitating a paper pattern and color.

<< Tenth Step >>
In the tenth step, the process returns from the interrupt process (see FIG. 1 (T10)).

Note that this embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments described in this specification as appropriate.

(Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment, a structure of an information processing device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the information processing device 50 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of the display portion 32 of one embodiment of the present invention. 6A-1 and 6A-2 are block diagrams illustrating the arrangement of the pixels and the driver circuit of the display portion 32. FIG. 6B-1 and 6B-2 are circuit diagrams illustrating pixel circuits that can be used for pixels.

<Configuration example 1 of information processing apparatus>>
The information processing device 50 described in the present embodiment includes an input device 22 that supplies a predetermined operation command (also referred to as an event), and an arithmetic device 10 that is supplied with the event and supplies the primary image signal V1 and the primary control signal C1. And a display device 30 that is supplied with the primary image signal V1 and the primary control signal C1 and displays the primary image signal V1 at a frequency based on the primary control signal C1 (see FIG. 5).

When the event is supplied or when the image including the visible region of the application that displays the moving image is displayed, the arithmetic unit 10 supplies the primary control signal C1 for refreshing more frequently than in other cases. The memory | storage part 12 which memorize | stores the program containing the step to perform, and the calculating part 11 which performs a program are provided.

The information processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes an arithmetic device that updates a display at a different frequency according to the presence or absence of a visible region for displaying a moving image or a type of event that is supplied, and a display device that updates the display. It consists of. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the flicker accompanying the update of a display can be suppressed. As a result, a new program can be provided.

Note that the arithmetic device 10 may include a transmission path 14 and an input / output interface 15.

The input / output device 20 may include a display device 30 and an input device 22.

The display device 30 may include a control unit 31 and a display unit 32.

The display unit 32 may include a pixel unit 32D, a G drive circuit 32GD, an S drive circuit 32SD, and a light supply unit 32L.

The pixel unit 32D may include a pixel 32P, the pixel 32P may include a pixel circuit 32PC, and the pixel circuit 32PC may include a display element 32DV.

Below, each element which comprises the information processing apparatus 50 is demonstrated. Note that these configurations cannot be clearly separated, and one configuration may serve as another configuration or may include a part of another configuration.

For example, a touch panel in which a touch sensor is superimposed on a display panel is a touch sensor and a display panel.

<Overall configuration>
The information processing apparatus 50 is supplied with an operation command and supplies the primary control signal C1 and the primary image signal V1, and the input / output to which the operation command is supplied and the primary control signal C1 and the primary image signal V1 are supplied. Device 20. The input / output device 20 includes an input device 22 that supplies an operation command and a display device 30 that is supplied with the primary control signal C1 and the primary image signal V1 (see FIG. 5).

The display device 30 is supplied with the primary control signal C1 and the primary image signal V1, and supplies the secondary control signal C2 and the secondary image signal V2, and the control unit 31 that supplies the secondary control signal C2 and the secondary image signal V2. The display unit 32 is provided.

The display unit 32 includes a G drive circuit 32GD that is supplied with the secondary control signal C2 and supplies the G signal, an S drive circuit 32SD that is supplied with the secondary image signal V2 and supplies the S signal, and a pixel unit 32D. .

The display unit 32 may include a light supply unit 32L to which a control signal is supplied. The control unit 31 may supply a signal that can control the light supply unit 32L.

The input / output device 20 and the arithmetic device 10 including the input device 22 and the display device 30 are supplied with a power supply potential or the like.

<< 1. Arithmetic unit 10 >>
The computing device 10 includes a computing unit 11, a storage unit 12, an input / output interface 15, and a transmission path 14 (see FIG. 5).

The arithmetic unit 10 is supplied with an operation command and supplies a primary control signal C1 and a primary image signal V1.

For example, the arithmetic device 10 supplies a primary image signal V1 including image information used for operation of the information processing device 50, and the input / output device 20 is supplied with the primary image signal V1. Then, the display device 30 displays an image used for operation.

<< 1.1 Calculation Unit 11 >>
The calculation unit 11 executes a program stored in the storage unit 12. For example, the program described in the first embodiment is executed.

Further, the third step of the program described and described in the first embodiment can be modified as follows.

In the third step, when a predetermined operation command (also referred to as an event) is supplied or when an image including a visible area of an application for displaying a moving image is displayed, refreshing is performed more frequently than in other cases. The mask image is displayed on the foremost side so as to overlap the mask display area.

The above program is configured to include a step of updating the display at a different frequency according to the presence or absence of a visible region for displaying a moving image or the type of supplied event. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the flicker accompanying the update of a display can be suppressed. As a result, a new program can be provided.

<< 1.2 storage unit 12 >>
The storage unit 12 stores a program to be executed by the calculation unit 11. Note that the program described and described in the first embodiment can be applied to a program that causes the calculation unit 11 to process the program.

<< 1.3 I / O interface 15 / transmission path 14 >>
The input / output interface 15 supplies information and information is supplied.

The transmission line 14 supplies information and information is supplied. Information is supplied to the calculation unit 11, the storage unit 12, and the input / output interface 15. The calculation unit 11, the storage unit 12, and the input / output interface 15 can supply information, and the transmission path 14 is supplied with information.

<< 2. I / O device 20 >>
The input / output device 20 supplies an operation command or the like, for example, and is supplied with a primary image signal V1 or a primary control signal C1. The input device 22 for supplying an operation command and the like and the display device 30 to which the primary image signal V1 or the primary control signal C1 or the like is supplied can be applied to the input / output device 20.

<< 2.1 Input Device 22 >>
The input device 22 can supply a predetermined operation command (also referred to as an event). An operation command that causes a change in image data having a predetermined attribute can be a predetermined operation command.

For example, in a graphical user interface (GUI) that employs a window system, an event performed on a window used by application software having a predetermined attribute can be set as a predetermined event.

Specifically, an event for newly creating or deleting a window, an event for moving a window, an event for changing the size of a window, or the like can be set as a predetermined event. Or the event which scrolls an image etc. can be made into a predetermined event.

Note that application software for displaying documents including characters can be designated as predetermined application software. Specifically, a word processor, spreadsheet software, document browsing software, electronic book browsing software, web browser, mail client, or the like can be designated as a predetermined application.

The input device 22 can supply an operation command. For example, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, a touch pad, a mouse, a joystick, a trackball, a data glove, a sensor or an imaging device that detects a gesture or a viewpoint movement can be used as the input device 22. When a graphical user interface is used, the operation command includes coordinate information of a display unit on which an image that associates the operation command is displayed.

The computing device 10 associates the operation command with the image information displayed at the coordinates of the display unit based on the coordinate information included in the operation command. Thereby, for example, a person using the information processing apparatus can supply an operation command for selecting and processing one from a plurality of pieces of image information displayed on the display unit.

Information supplied from the input device 22 by the user includes, for example, a drag command for changing the display position of the image displayed on the display unit, and a swipe to send the displayed image to display the next image. Supplied with commands, scrolling commands to send strip images sequentially, commands to select specific images, commands to pinch in and pinch out to change the display size of the images, and handwritten characters Command to do.

<< 2.2 display device 30 >>
The display device 30 displays an image on the display unit 32 based on the primary control signal C1 and the primary image signal V1.

The primary image signal V1 includes, for example, chromaticity information in addition to image gradation information (also referred to as luminance information).

The primary control signal C1 includes, for example, a signal for controlling timing for starting selection of a scanning line of the display device 30 and the like.

<< 2.2.1 Control Unit 31 >>
The control unit 31 generates and supplies a signal for controlling the display unit 32, for example, a secondary image signal V2 and / or a secondary control signal C2.

<< 2.2.1.1 Secondary image signal >>
The controller 31 is supplied with the primary image signal V1 and generates a secondary image signal V2. The secondary image signal V2 includes image information.

For example, the control unit 31 may generate the secondary image signal V2 whose amplitude is the difference from the reference potential Vsc of the primary image signal V1 and whose polarity is inverted every frame.

<< 2.2.1.2 Secondary control signal >>
The secondary control signal C2 is for controlling a first drive circuit (also referred to as G drive circuit 32GD) and / or a second drive circuit (also referred to as S drive circuit 32SD) of the display section 32. Can be included.

For example, the secondary control signal C2 can include a synchronization signal such as a vertical synchronization signal and / or a horizontal synchronization signal. The secondary control signal C2 can include a start pulse signal SP, a latch signal LP, a pulse width control signal PWC, a clock signal CK, and the like.

Specifically, the secondary control signal C2 may include a start pulse signal SP for the S drive circuit that controls the operation of the S drive circuit 32SD, a clock signal CK for the S drive circuit, a latch signal LP, and the like.

Further, the secondary control signal C2 can include a start pulse signal SP for the G drive circuit that controls the operation of the G drive circuit 32GD, a clock signal CK for the G drive circuit, a pulse width control signal PWC, and the like.

<< 2.2.1.3 Image signal polarity >>
The control unit 31 may include a polarity determination circuit that inverts the polarity of the image signal for each frame.

For example, the control unit 31 may invert the polarity of the secondary image signal V2 according to the timing notified by the polarity determination circuit, and supply the secondary image signal V2 with the polarity inverted.

Note that the display unit 32 may invert the polarity of the secondary image signal V2 in accordance with a command from the control unit 31.

The polarity determination circuit may include a counter and a signal generation circuit, and the signal generation circuit may notify the timing based on a synchronization signal counted by the counter.

For example, the counter specifies the number of frame periods by counting the pulses of the horizontal synchronization signal, and the signal generation circuit notifies the timing. As a result, the polarity of the secondary image signal V2 can be inverted every a plurality of consecutive frame periods.

<< 2.2.2 Display 32 >>
The display unit 32 includes a pixel unit 32D. Further, a first driver circuit (also referred to as a G driver circuit 32GD) and a second driver circuit (also referred to as an S driver circuit 32SD) may be included.

A plurality of scanning lines G extending in the column direction, a plurality of signal lines S extending in the row direction, and a pixel 32P electrically connected to one of the scanning lines G and electrically connected to one of the signal lines S Is disposed in the pixel portion 32D. The plurality of pixels 32P are arranged in a matrix.

Note that the type and number of wirings provided in the pixel portion 32D are determined based on the number, configuration, and arrangement of the pixels 32P.

For example, when the pixels 32P are arranged in a matrix of x columns × y rows in the pixel portion 32D, the signal lines S1 to Sx and the scanning lines G1 to Gy are arranged in the pixel portion 32D (FIG. 6 ( (See A-1)).

One scanning line (G1 to Gy) can supply a G signal during a period selected by the G drive circuit 32GD, and one signal line (S1 through Sx) can be supplied during a period S selected by the S drive circuit 32SD. A signal can be supplied.

Further, the pixel unit 32D may be driven by being divided into a plurality of regions. For example, FIG. 6A-2 illustrates a structure in which driving is performed by being divided into a first region 32Da, a second region 32Db, and a third region 32Dc.

<< 2.2.2.1G drive circuit 32GD >>
The G drive circuit 32GD selects one scanning line from a plurality of scanning lines in order, and supplies a G signal to the selected scanning line. Note that the G signal is also referred to as a first drive signal.

The selected scanning line supplies a G signal to the pixel 32P electrically connected to the scanning line. Thereby, the G signal is supplied to the pixel circuit 32PC in the pixel 32P.

The G drive circuit 32GD can operate by switching the frequency of selecting one scanning line and supplying the G signal. For example, the G drive circuit 32GD operates in a first mode in which the G signal is supplied at a predetermined frequency and a second mode in which the G signal is supplied at a frequency higher than that in the first mode.

Specifically, the G driving circuit 32GD operating in the first mode has a frequency of 30 Hz (30 times per second) or more, preferably 60 Hz (60 times per second) or more and less than 960 Hz (960 times per second). Then, one scanning line is selected and the G signal is supplied.

The G driving circuit 32GD operating in the second mode has a frequency of 11.6 μHz (once a day) or more and less than 0.1 Hz (0.1 times per second), preferably 0.28 mHz (1 per hour). One scan line is selected at a frequency of more than 1 Hz (once per second) and the G signal is supplied.

Examples of the method in which the G drive circuit 32GD operates by switching between the first mode and the second mode include a method using the secondary control signal C2 including the mode switching signal or the secondary control signal C2. A method using a start pulse for the G drive circuit can be mentioned. Whichever method is used, the operation of the G drive circuit 32GD can be switched from the first mode to the second mode.

Specifically, the frequency of supplying the start pulse for the G drive circuit included in the secondary control signal C2 can be controlled using the control unit 31.

Note that in the case where the pixel portion 32D is divided into a plurality of regions and a G drive circuit is provided in each region, each G drive circuit may be operated in different modes (see FIG. 6A-2). .

For example, the G drive circuit provided in the first area is operated in the first mode, the moving image is displayed in the first area, and the G drive circuit provided in the second area is set in the second mode. The still image may be displayed in the second area.

Alternatively, some of the plurality of G drive circuits may be operated and other drive circuits may be stopped. Thereby, power consumption can be reduced.

<< 2.2.2.2S drive circuit 32SD >>
The S drive circuit 32SD sequentially selects one signal line from the plurality of signal lines, and supplies the S signal to the selected signal line. Note that the S signal is also referred to as a second drive signal.

Note that the signal line supplied with the S signal supplies the S signal to the pixel 32P connected to the signal line. In particular, the S signal is written in the pixel circuit 32PC in the pixel 32P to which the G signal is supplied.

<< 2.2.2.3 Pixel Unit 32D >>
The pixel unit 32D includes a plurality of pixels 32P that are not shown.

The pixel 32P includes a display element 32DV and a pixel circuit 32PC including the display element 32DV (see FIG. 5).

The pixel circuit 32PC holds the supplied S signal and displays part of the image information on the display element 32DV.

Note that a configuration selected in accordance with the type or driving method of the display element 32DV to be used can be used for the pixel circuit 32PC.

<< 2.2.2.3.1 Pixel Circuit 1 >>
An example of a structure of the pixel circuit 32PC that can be selected when the liquid crystal element 32LC is used as the display element 32DV is illustrated in FIG.

The pixel circuit 32PC includes a transistor 32T including a gate electrode to which a G signal is supplied and a first electrode to which an S signal is supplied, and a first electrode that is electrically connected to the second electrode of the transistor 32T. And a liquid crystal element 32LC including a second electrode to which a common potential is supplied.

The pixel circuit 32PC includes a transistor 32T that controls the supply of the S signal to the display element 32DV.

The gate of the transistor 32T is electrically connected to any one of the scanning line G1 to the scanning line Gy. One of the source and the drain of the transistor 32T is electrically connected to one of the signal lines S1 to Sx, and the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 32T is electrically connected to the first electrode of the display element 32DV. It is connected.

The pixel 32P can use the transistor 32T as a switching element that controls the supply of the S signal to the pixel 32P. A plurality of transistors may be used for the pixel 32P as one switching element. The plurality of transistors may be connected in parallel to be used as one switching element, or may be connected in series or may be a connection in which series and parallel are combined.

The pixel 32P includes other circuit elements such as a transistor, a diode, a resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor, as well as a capacitor 32C for holding a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode of the liquid crystal element 32LC as necessary. You may have. A predetermined common potential Vcom is supplied to the second electrode of the display element 32DV.

The capacity of the capacitor 32C may be adjusted as appropriate. For example, when the S signal is held for a relatively long period (specifically, 1/60 sec or more), the capacitive element 32C is provided. Further, the capacitance of the pixel circuit 32PC may be adjusted using a configuration other than the capacitive element 32C. For example, the capacitor element may be substantially formed by a configuration in which the first electrode and the second electrode of the liquid crystal element 32LC are provided to overlap each other.

<< 2.2.2.3.2 Pixel Circuit 2 >>
An example of a structure of a pixel circuit 32PC that can be selected when an EL (Electroluminescence) element or an EL element 32EL is used for the display element 32DV is illustrated in FIG.

The pixel circuit 32PCEL includes a gate electrode to which a G signal is supplied, a first electrode to which an S signal is supplied, and a second electrode that is electrically connected to the first electrode of the capacitor 32C. The first transistor 32T1 is included. In addition, the gate electrode electrically connected to the second electrode of the first transistor 32T1, the first electrode electrically connected to the second electrode of the capacitor 32C, and the first electrode of the EL element 32EL. A second transistor 32T2 having a second electrode electrically connected to the first electrode. Further, a power supply potential is supplied to the second electrode of the capacitor 32C and the first electrode of the second transistor 32T2, and a common potential is supplied to the second electrode of the EL element 32EL. Note that the potential difference between the power supply potential and the common potential is larger than the light emission start voltage of the EL element 32EL.

<< 2.2.2.3.3 Transistor >>
In the pixel circuit 32PC1, the transistor 32T controls whether or not to apply the potential of the signal line S to the first electrode of the liquid crystal element 32LC. In the pixel circuit 32PC2, the first transistor 32T1 controls whether or not the potential of the signal line S is applied to the first electrode of the EL element 32EL.

Note that as the transistor suitable for the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor can be used. For the details of the transistor including an oxide semiconductor, the description in Embodiment 3 can be referred to.

In a transistor to which an oxide semiconductor film is applied, a leakage current (off-state current) between a source and a drain in an off state can be extremely low as compared with a conventional transistor using silicon. By using a transistor with extremely small off-state current for the pixel portion 32D, it is possible to reduce the frame frequency while suppressing the occurrence of flicker.

<< 2.2.2.3.4 Display element >>
The display element 32DV is not limited to the liquid crystal element 32LC and the EL element 32EL, and various display elements such as electronic ink using electrophoresis, a shutter-type MEMS display element, and an optical interference-type MEMS display element can be applied.

For example, the polarization transmittance of the liquid crystal element 32LC can be controlled by the potential of the S signal, thereby displaying a gradation.

<< 2.2.3 Light Supply Unit 32L >>
The light supply unit 32L includes a light source. For example, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), an EL element, or the like can be used as the light source.

The control unit 31 supplies a control signal, and the light supply unit 32L is supplied with the control signal to control the light source.

The light supply unit 32L can supply light to the pixel unit 32D, for example. Specifically, the light supply unit 32L can be used as a backlight.

For example, when a transmissive liquid crystal element is applied to the display element 32DV, the light supply unit 32L can be provided in the display unit 32.

For example, when a self-luminous display element such as an EL element or an LED is used, or when a reflective display element such as a reflective liquid crystal element or electronic ink is used for the display element 32DV, the display unit 32 is a light supply unit. 32L may not be provided.

Note that this embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments described in this specification as appropriate.

(Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, the structure of a transistor that can be used for the information processing device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

For example, the information processing apparatus 50 described in Embodiment 2 can be used. Specifically, the display device 30 can be used for a pixel portion of the display portion 32.

7A to 7C are a top view and cross-sectional views of the transistor 151. FIG. 7A is a top view of the transistor 151, FIG. 7B corresponds to a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line A-B in FIG. 7A, and FIG. This corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a cross-sectional surface taken along dashed-dotted line CD in FIG. Note that in FIG. 7A, some components are not illustrated for clarity.

Note that in this embodiment, the first electrode indicates one of a source electrode and a drain electrode of a transistor, and the second electrode indicates the other.

The transistor 151 includes a gate electrode 104a provided over the substrate 102, a first insulating film 108 including an insulating film 106 and an insulating film 107 formed over the substrate 102 and the gate electrode 104a, and a first insulating film 108. The oxide semiconductor film 110 overlaps with the gate electrode 104a, and the first electrode 112a and the second electrode 112b in contact with the oxide semiconductor film 110 are provided.

In addition, the second insulating film 120 including the insulating films 114, 116, and 118 over the first insulating film 108, the oxide semiconductor film 110, the first electrode 112 a, and the second electrode 112 b, and the second insulating film A gate electrode 122 c formed over the film 120.

The gate electrode 122c is connected to the gate electrode 104a in the opening 142e provided in the first insulating film 108 and the second insulating film 120. In addition, a conductive film 122a functioning as a pixel electrode is formed over the insulating film 118, and the conductive film 122a is connected to the second electrode 112b in an opening 142a provided in the second insulating film 120.

Note that the first insulating film 108 functions as a first gate insulating film of the transistor 151, and the second insulating film 120 functions as a second gate insulating film of the transistor 151. The conductive film 122a functions as a pixel electrode.

In the transistor 151 described in this embodiment, the oxide semiconductor film 110 is provided between the gate electrode 104a and the gate electrode 122c with the first insulating film 108 and the second insulating film 120 interposed therebetween in the channel width direction. ing. 7A, the gate electrode 104a overlaps with the side surface of the oxide semiconductor film 110 with the first insulating film 108 interposed therebetween in the top surface shape.

The first insulating film 108 and the second insulating film 120 have a plurality of openings. Typically, as illustrated in FIG. 7B, an opening 142a from which part of the second electrode 112b is exposed is provided. Further, as shown in FIG. 7C, an opening 142e is provided.

In the opening 142a, the second electrode 112b and the conductive film 122a are connected to each other.

In addition, the gate electrode 104a and the gate electrode 122c are connected in the opening 142e.

When the gate electrode 104a and the gate electrode 122c are included and the gate electrode 104a and the gate electrode 122c have the same potential, carriers flow in a wide range of the oxide semiconductor film 110. Thereby, the amount of carriers moving through the transistor 151 increases.

As a result, the on-state current of the transistor 151 is increased, and the field effect mobility is increased. Typically, the field effect mobility is 10 cm ² / V · s or more, further 20 cm ² / V · s or more. Note that the field-effect mobility here is not an approximate value of mobility as a physical property value of the oxide semiconductor film but an index of current driving force in the saturation region of the transistor and is an apparent field-effect mobility. .

Note that the channel length (also referred to as L length) of the transistor is greater than or equal to 0.5 μm and less than or equal to 6.5 μm, preferably greater than 1 μm and less than 6 μm, more preferably greater than 1 μm and less than 4 μm, more preferably greater than 1 μm and less than 3.5 μm. More preferably, the field effect mobility is remarkably increased by setting it to be larger than 1 μm and 2.5 μm or less. In addition, when the channel length is as small as 0.5 μm or more and 6.5 μm or less, the channel width can be reduced.

In addition, since each of the gate electrode 104a and the gate electrode 122c has a function of shielding an electric field from the outside, electric charges such as charged particles provided between the substrate 102 and the gate electrode 104a and on the gate electrode 122c can be obtained. The oxide semiconductor film 110 is not affected. As a result, deterioration of the stress test (for example, a negative bias potential applied to the gate electrode -GBT (Gate Bias-Temperature) stress test) is suppressed, and fluctuations in the rising current of the on-current at different drain voltages are suppressed. be able to.

Note that the BT stress test is a kind of accelerated test, and a change in characteristics (that is, a secular change) of a transistor caused by long-term use can be evaluated in a short time. In particular, the amount of change in the threshold voltage of the transistor before and after the BT stress test is an important index for examining reliability. Before and after the BT stress test, the smaller the variation amount of the threshold voltage, the higher the reliability of the transistor.

Hereinafter, individual elements included in the substrate 102 and the transistor 151 will be described.

<< Substrate 102 >>
As the substrate 102, a glass material such as aluminosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, or barium borosilicate glass is used. For mass production, it is preferable to use a mother glass of the eighth generation (2160 mm × 2460 mm), the ninth generation (2400 mm × 2800 mm, or 2450 mm × 3050 mm), the tenth generation (2950 mm × 3400 mm), or the like. Since the mother glass has a high processing temperature and contracts significantly when the processing time is long, when mass production is performed using the mother glass, the heat treatment in the manufacturing process is preferably 600 ° C. or less, more preferably 450 ° C. or less. Further, it is desirable that the temperature is 350 ° C. or lower.

<< Gate electrode 104a >>
As a material used for the gate electrode 104a, a metal element selected from aluminum, chromium, copper, tantalum, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, an alloy including the above-described metal element, an alloy combining the above-described metal elements, or the like Can be used. The material used for the gate electrode 104a may have a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including two or more layers. For example, a two-layer structure in which a titanium film is stacked on an aluminum film, a two-layer structure in which a titanium film is stacked on a titanium nitride film, a two-layer structure in which a tungsten film is stacked on a titanium nitride film, a tantalum nitride film, or a tungsten nitride film There are a two-layer structure in which a tungsten film is stacked thereon, a titanium film, and a three-layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked on the titanium film and a titanium film is further formed thereon. Alternatively, aluminum may be a film of an element selected from titanium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, neodymium, and scandium, or an alloy film or a nitride film in combination of a plurality of elements. As a material used for the gate electrode 104a, for example, a sputtering method can be used.

<< First Insulating Film 108 >>
The first insulating film 108 exemplifies a two-layer structure of the insulating film 106 and the insulating film 107. Note that the structure of the first insulating film 108 is not limited thereto, and may be, for example, a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including three or more layers.

As the insulating film 106, for example, a silicon nitride oxide film, a silicon nitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or the like may be used, and the insulating film 106 is provided as a stacked layer or a single layer using a PE-CVD apparatus. In the case where the insulating film 106 has a stacked structure, the first silicon nitride film is a silicon nitride film with few defects, and the second silicon nitride film is formed over the first silicon nitride film with a hydrogen release amount and ammonia. It is preferable to provide a silicon nitride film with a small emission amount. As a result, hydrogen and nitrogen contained in the insulating film 106 can be prevented from moving or diffusing into the oxide semiconductor film 110 formed later.

As the insulating film 107, a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or the like may be used, and the insulating film 107 is provided as a stacked layer or a single layer using a PE-CVD apparatus.

The first insulating film 108 has a stacked structure in which, for example, a silicon nitride film having a thickness of 400 nm is formed as the insulating film 106, and then a silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 50 nm is formed as the insulating film 107. Can be used. The silicon nitride film and the silicon oxynitride film are preferably formed continuously in a vacuum because contamination of impurities is suppressed. Note that the first insulating film 108 in a position overlapping with the gate electrode 104 a functions as a gate insulating film of the transistor 151. In addition, silicon nitride oxide is an insulating material in which the nitrogen content is higher than the oxygen content, and silicon oxynitride is an insulating material in which the oxygen content is higher than the nitrogen content.

<< Oxide Semiconductor Film 110 >>
The oxide semiconductor film 110 is preferably an oxide semiconductor. As the oxide semiconductor, at least indium (In), zinc (Zn), and M (Al, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Sn, La, Ce) are used. Or a film represented by an In-M-Zn oxide containing a metal such as Hf). Or it is preferable that both In and Zn are included. In addition, in order to reduce variation in electrical characteristics of the transistor including the oxide semiconductor, a stabilizer is preferably included together with the transistor.

Examples of the stabilizer include gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), hafnium (Hf), aluminum (Al), and zirconium (Zr). Other stabilizers include lanthanoids such as lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb). ), Dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), and the like.

Examples of the oxide semiconductor included in the oxide semiconductor film 110 include an In—Ga—Zn-based oxide, an In—Al—Zn-based oxide, an In—Sn—Zn-based oxide, and an In—Hf—Zn-based oxide. In-La-Zn-based oxide, In-Ce-Zn-based oxide, In-Pr-Zn-based oxide, In-Nd-Zn-based oxide, In-Sm-Zn-based oxide, In-Eu- Zn-based oxide, In-Gd-Zn-based oxide, In-Tb-Zn-based oxide, In-Dy-Zn-based oxide, In-Ho-Zn-based oxide, In-Er-Zn-based oxide, In-Tm-Zn-based oxide, In-Yb-Zn-based oxide, In-Lu-Zn-based oxide, In-Sn-Ga-Zn-based oxide, In-Hf-Ga-Zn-based oxide, In -Al-Ga-Zn-based oxide, In-Sn-Al-Zn-based oxide, In-Sn- f-Zn-based oxide can be used In-Hf-Al-Zn-based oxide.

Note that here, an In—Ga—Zn-based oxide means an oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn as its main components, and there is no limitation on the ratio of In, Ga, and Zn. Moreover, metal elements other than In, Ga, and Zn may be contained.

As a method for forming the oxide semiconductor film 110, a sputtering method, an MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy) method, a CVD method, a pulse laser deposition method, an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method, or the like can be used as appropriate. In particular, when the oxide semiconductor film 110 is formed, a sputtering method is preferable because a dense film is formed.

When the oxide semiconductor film is formed as the oxide semiconductor film 110, it is preferable to reduce the concentration of hydrogen contained in the film as much as possible. In order to reduce the hydrogen concentration, for example, when film formation is performed using a sputtering method, it is necessary not only to evacuate the film formation chamber to a high vacuum but also to increase the purity of the sputtering gas. As the oxygen gas or argon gas used as the sputtering gas, a gas having a dew point of −40 ° C. or lower, preferably −80 ° C. or lower, more preferably −100 ° C. or lower, more preferably −120 ° C. or lower is used. Thus, moisture and the like can be prevented from being taken into the oxide semiconductor film as much as possible.

In order to remove moisture remaining in the deposition chamber, an adsorption-type vacuum pump such as a cryopump, an ion pump, or a titanium sublimation pump is preferably used. Further, a turbo molecular pump provided with a cold trap may be used. The film formation chamber evacuated using a cryopump has a high exhaust capability such as a compound containing hydrogen atoms (more preferably a compound containing carbon atoms) such as hydrogen molecules and water (H ₂ O). The concentration of impurities contained in the film formed in the film chamber can be reduced.

In the case where an oxide semiconductor film is formed as the oxide semiconductor film 110 by a sputtering method, the relative density (filling rate) of the metal oxide target used for film formation is 90% to 100%, preferably 95% or more. 100% or less. By using a metal oxide target having a high relative density, a film to be formed can be a dense film.

Note that formation of an oxide semiconductor film as the oxide semiconductor film 110 with the substrate 102 held at a high temperature is also effective in reducing the concentration of impurities that can be contained in the oxide semiconductor film. The temperature for heating the substrate 102 may be 150 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower, and preferably the substrate temperature is 200 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower.

Next, it is preferable to perform the first heat treatment. The first heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of 250 ° C. to 650 ° C., preferably 300 ° C. to 500 ° C., in an inert gas atmosphere, an atmosphere containing an oxidizing gas of 10 ppm or more, or a reduced pressure state. The atmosphere of the first heat treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing 10 ppm or more of an oxidizing gas in order to supplement desorbed oxygen after heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere. By the first heat treatment, crystallinity of the oxide semiconductor used for the oxide semiconductor film 110 can be increased and impurities such as hydrogen and water can be removed from the first insulating film 108 and the oxide semiconductor film 110. Note that the first heating step may be performed before the oxide semiconductor film 110 is processed into an island shape.

<< First electrode, second electrode >>
As a material of the conductive film 112 that can be used for the first electrode 112a and the second electrode 112b, a single metal made of aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, or tungsten is used. Alternatively, an alloy containing this as a main component can be used as a single layer structure or a stacked structure. In particular, it preferably contains one or more elements selected from aluminum, chromium, copper, tantalum, titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten. For example, a two-layer structure in which a titanium film is laminated on an aluminum film, a two-layer structure in which a titanium film is laminated on a tungsten film, a two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated on a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film, a titanium film, or nitriding A titanium film, a three-layer structure in which an aluminum film or a copper film is laminated on the titanium film or the titanium nitride film, and a titanium film or a titanium nitride film is further formed thereon; a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film; and There is a three-layer structure in which an aluminum film or a copper film is stacked over a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film, and a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film is further formed thereon. Note that a transparent conductive material containing indium oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide may be used. Further, the conductive film can be formed using, for example, a sputtering method.

<< Insulating films 114 and 116 >>
The second insulating film 120 illustrates a three-layer structure of insulating films 114, 116, and 118. Note that the structure of the second insulating film 120 is not limited thereto, and may be, for example, a single-layer structure, a two-layer structure, or a four-layer structure.

As the insulating films 114 and 116, an inorganic insulating material containing oxygen can be used in order to improve interface characteristics with the oxide semiconductor used as the oxide semiconductor film 110. As the inorganic insulating material containing oxygen, for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or the like can be given. The insulating films 114 and 116 can be formed using, for example, a PE-CVD method.

The thickness of the insulating film 114 can be 5 nm to 150 nm, preferably 5 nm to 50 nm, preferably 10 nm to 30 nm. The thickness of the insulating film 116 can be greater than or equal to 30 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 150 nm and less than or equal to 400 nm.

In addition, since the insulating films 114 and 116 can be formed using the same kind of insulating film, the interface between the insulating film 114 and the insulating film 116 may not be clearly confirmed. Therefore, in this embodiment mode, the interface between the insulating film 114 and the insulating film 116 is indicated by a broken line. Note that although a two-layer structure of the insulating film 114 and the insulating film 116 has been described in this embodiment mode, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a single-layer structure of the insulating film 114, a single-layer structure of the insulating film 116, Or it is good also as a laminated structure of three or more layers.

The insulating film 118 is a film formed of a material that prevents external impurities such as water, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and the like from diffusing into the oxide semiconductor film 110, and further contains hydrogen.

As an example of the insulating film 118, a silicon nitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, or the like with a thickness of 150 nm to 400 nm can be used. In this embodiment, a 150-nm-thick silicon nitride film is used as the insulating film 118.

In addition, the silicon nitride film is preferably formed at a high temperature in order to improve blocking properties from impurities and the like, for example, a substrate temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and a substrate strain point or lower, more preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower. It is preferable to form a film by heating at a temperature of. In the case where the film is formed at a high temperature, oxygen may be desorbed from the oxide semiconductor used as the oxide semiconductor film 110 and a carrier concentration may increase. Therefore, the temperature is set such that such a phenomenon does not occur.

<< Conductive Film 122a, Gate Electrode 122c >>
As the conductive film that can be used for the conductive film 122a and the gate electrode 122c, an oxide containing indium may be used. For example, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide (hereinafter referred to as ITO), indium A light-transmitting conductive material such as zinc oxide or indium tin oxide to which silicon oxide is added can be used. As a conductive film that can be used for the conductive films 122a and 122b, for example, a sputtering method can be used.

Note that the structures, methods, and the like described in this embodiment can be combined as appropriate with any of the structures, methods, and the like described in the other embodiments.

(Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment, the structure of the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 8 illustrates a structure of an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8A is an external view of a television system of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8B is an external view of an information processing device of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8C is an external view of a mobile phone of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8D is an external view of an information processing device of one embodiment of the present invention.

<Electronic equipment>
Each of the electronic devices exemplified in the present embodiment has a step (T6) of determining a visible region of a window of a predetermined application, and a step of determining a mask display region by performing image processing on image data displayed in the visible region ( A storage unit that stores a program that causes the arithmetic device to execute a process including: T7), a step (T9) for generating a mask image overlapping the mask display region, and a step (S4) for displaying the mask image in the forefront. Have.

As a result, a texture image having a paper pattern, for example, can be displayed in an overlapping manner in, for example, a document display area of a predetermined application.

《Television system》
The television system includes a television device 7100 to which an operation command is supplied and a controller 7109 that supplies the operation command.

The television device 7100 includes an arithmetic device, an input / output device, and a housing 7101.

The input / output device includes a display portion 7103 that is supplied with image information and displays the image information.

The arithmetic unit is supplied with operation instructions and supplies image information.

The housing 7101 houses the display portion 7103 and the arithmetic device.

The controller 7109 includes an operation unit 4110 that allows a user to select an operation command, and a display unit 7107 that displays information related to the operation. The controller 7109 can supply an operation command wirelessly or by wire using infrared rays or radio waves.

《Information processing device》
The information processing device 7200 includes an arithmetic device, an input / output device, and a housing 7201.

The input / output device includes a display portion 7203 that receives image information and displays the image information, and an operation portion that supplies an operation command.

The arithmetic device supplies image information and is supplied with an operation command.

The external device connection unit 7205 supplies information and is supplied with information from the outside.

A housing 7202 houses the display portion 7203, and the housing 7201 houses an arithmetic device.

The operation unit includes, for example, a keyboard 7204, a touch sensor 7206, and the like.

"mobile phone"
A cellular phone 7400 includes an arithmetic device, an input / output device, and a housing 7401.

The input / output device includes a display unit to which image information is supplied and a touch panel 7403 that also serves as a touch sensor that supplies operation commands, a speaker 7405 that is supplied with audio signals and supplies audio, and a microphone that is supplied with audio and supplies audio signals. 7406 and an operation switch 7402.

The arithmetic device supplies image information and audio signals and is supplied with operation instructions.

A housing 7401 houses an arithmetic device, an input / output device, and the like.

《Information processing device》
The information processing device 7450 includes an arithmetic device, an input / output device, and a housing 7401.

The input / output device includes a display unit to which image information is supplied and a touch panel 7453 that also serves as a touch sensor that supplies operation commands, speakers 7455L and 7455R that are supplied with audio signals and supply audio, and supplied with audio and supply audio signals. A microphone 7456 and an operation switch 7452.

The arithmetic device supplies image information and audio signals and is supplied with operation instructions.

A housing 7401 houses an arithmetic device, an input / output device, and the like.

Note that this embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments described in this specification as appropriate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Arithmetic Unit 11 Arithmetic Unit 12 Storage Unit 14 Transmission Line 15 Input / Output Interface 20 Input / Output Device 22 Input Device 30 Display Device 31 Control Unit 32 Display Unit 32C Capacitance Element 32D Pixel Unit 32Da Region 32Db Region 32Dc Region 32DV Display Element 32EL EL Element 32SD S drive circuit 32GD G drive circuit 32L Light supply unit 32LC Liquid crystal element 32P Pixel 32PC Pixel circuit 32PC1 Pixel circuit 32PC2 Pixel circuit 32PCEL Pixel circuit 32T Transistor 32T1 Transistor 32T2 Transistor 50 Information processing device 102 Substrate 104a Gate electrode 106 Insulating film 107 Insulating film 108 insulating film 110 oxide semiconductor film 112 conductive film 112a electrode 112b electrode 114 insulating film 116 insulating film 118 insulating film 120 insulating film 122a conductive film 122b conductive 122c Gate electrode 142a Opening 142e Opening 151 Transistor 4110 Operation part 7100 Television apparatus 7101 Case 7103 Display part 7107 Display part 7109 Controller 7200 Information processing apparatus 7201 Case 7202 Case 7203 Display part 7204 Keyboard 7205 External device connection part 7206 Touch sensor 7400 Mobile phone 7401 Case 7402 Operation switch 7403 Touch panel 7405 Speaker 7406 Microphone 7450 Information processing device 7453 Operation switch 7453 Touch panel 7455L Speaker 7456 Microphone MASK1 Mask display area MASK2 Mask display area MASK5 Mask display area VIS1 Visible area VIS2 Visible area VIS5 Visible area

Claims (7)

A first step of initialization;
A second step of allowing interrupt processing;
A third step of displaying the first image in the first display area;
A fourth step of selecting to proceed to a fifth step if an end command is supplied, and to proceed to a third step if the end command is not supplied;
And a fifth step to finish,
The first image has a masked image,
In the third step, the first image is displayed in the foreground,
The interrupt process is
A sixth step of selecting to proceed to a seventh step if a predetermined event is supplied, and to proceed to a ninth step if the predetermined event is not supplied;
A seventh step of determining the fourth display area by subtracting the third display area from the second display area;
An eighth step of determining the first display area by subtracting the fifth display area from the fourth display area;
A ninth step of generating the first image displayed in the first display area;
A tenth step of returning from the interrupt processing,
The second display area is an area where the first application intends to display a window;
The third display area is an area where the second application intends to display a window,
The window of the second application is displayed in front of the window of the first application,
The fourth display area is an area where a window of the first application is displayed,
The fifth display area is an area determined on the basis of image data displayed in the window of the first application, and the first to fifth steps are programs executed in a calculation unit.   In the seventh step, the fourth display area is determined by subtracting an area used by a window of another application displayed in front of the application from an area used by an application window displaying the document. The program according to claim 1.   The said 8th step determines the said 1st display area by subtracting the area | region where the gradation value of image data exceeds a predetermined threshold value from the said 4th display area. Program.   The program according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ninth step generates the first image overlapping the first display area using texture data.   5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the third step displays the first image on the foremost side so as to overlap the first display area in a state where the event can be transmitted. 6. program.   When the third step is supplied with a predetermined event or when a moving image is displayed, the third step is refreshed more frequently than in other cases, and the first image is the most in the first display area. The program according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is displayed in front. An input device for supplying a predetermined event;
An arithmetic unit which is supplied with the event and supplies a primary image signal and a primary control signal;
A display device that is supplied with the primary image signal and the primary control signal and displays the primary image signal at a frequency based on the primary control signal;
The arithmetic unit is:
A storage unit for storing a program including a step of supplying a primary control signal for refreshing more frequently than other cases when the event is supplied or an image including a moving image is displayed;
An information processing apparatus comprising: an arithmetic unit that executes the program.

Images