JP2015114040A - Evaluation apparatus and evaluation method for waste incineration plant combustion control device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an evaluation apparatus and an evaluation method capable of subjectively evaluating whether it is appropriate to adjust control parameters in a case of adjusting the control parameters and automatically controlling combustion using an automatic combustion control device with views of controlling combustion stability in a waste incineration plant combusting waste.SOLUTION: Provided is an apparatus for evaluating adjustment of control parameters in a waste incineration plant combustion control device. The evaluation apparatus acquires a measured value of a combustion process in a waste incineration plant from the combustion control device if the control parameters are adjusted, obtains resultant values relating to a plurality of evaluation determination items preset as combustion state evaluation indexes from the combustion process measured value, and compares the resultant values with preset evaluation criteria, thereby evaluating whether it is appropriate to adjust the control parameters.

Description

  The waste incinerator is, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a waste input port on the upstream side of the furnace body on the waste supply side, and an ash dropping port for ash after incineration in the lower side on the downstream side, An exhaust gas outlet (furnace outlet) is provided at the upper part on the downstream side, and a grate for conveying waste from the upstream side to the downstream side is provided at the bottom of the furnace. Combustion air is supplied from below the grate, and the furnace The inner upper portion receives cooling air for protecting the ceiling portion by reducing the temperature in the vicinity of the furnace body ceiling portion.

  Such a waste incinerator is operated and controlled under the control of a control unit based on the amount and properties of incineration of waste to stabilize the combustion in the furnace and to make the exhaust gas discharged outside the furnace harmless. Has been.

  In the operation management of the waste incinerator, in order to stabilize the combustion, the amount of incineration in the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator is controlled to below the regulation value while ensuring the incineration amount as planned. It is most important to do. When manually operating an incinerator, the amount of combustion air, grate feed rate, cooling air, and other operating variables change according to the judgment of the incinerator operator, even when the combustion condition changes with the quality of the waste. I am letting. Thus, in the case of manual operation, it is necessary to constantly monitor the state change of the incinerator, which increases the burden on the operator. In addition, since the amount of operation varies depending on the individual difference of the operator and the combustion state may change, for example, a system that can be switched to an automatic combustion control device instead of manual operation has been introduced as in Patent Document 2. Yes.

  The operation and management of the waste incinerator is not only manually operated by the operator, but also by computer control by an automatic combustion control device, so that the combustion performance is enhanced and the combustion stability is improved.

  The automatic combustion control device performs control based on the in-furnace combustion model, and automatically changes each operation amount at each operation end in accordance with the combustion state. Examples of the operation amount include a combustion air amount, a cooling air amount, a waste supply device feed rate, and a grate feed rate.

  The automatic combustion control apparatus determines an operation amount for each operation end from a state amount (combustion state information, combustion process value information) in the furnace by a predetermined control algorithm (PID control or fuzzy calculation or the like). Specifically, rules and relational expressions have been created for the relationship between the state quantity in the furnace and the operation quantity at each operation end, and the operation end is automatically changed according to the state change of the incinerator according to these rules. It is like that.

  In the automatic combustion control device, when the target waste incineration amount (weight) of the waste (garbage) to be put into the incinerator is set, the waste quality is calculated, and based on this, the standard value for each operation end is determined. Control and correct according to the in-furnace situation during incineration. That is, the automatic combustion control device controls the incinerator by having the following functions (1) to (3).

<Main functions of automatic combustion control system>
(1) Waste quality calculation: Depending on the target waste incineration amount setting, other input heat amount (heat amount of combustion air, etc.), heat amount discharged from the furnace, and heat amount recovered and recovered as steam Calculate the lower heating value of the waste based on the value. This calculation is called garbage quality calculation.

  (2) Manipulation control for long-term fluctuations: Based on the target waste incineration amount and the target waste low heating value (target waste quality calculation value), each based on the reference value of each operation end calculated based on a predetermined relational expression Controls the amount of operation at the operation end. By controlling the grate feed rate and the combustion air amount to the reference values, control is performed according to long-term fluctuations such as seasonal fluctuations in waste quality and fluctuations in incineration.

  (3) Control for short-term fluctuation: Control according to the in-furnace situation is performed while controlling the operation amount at each operation end to the reference value. At that time, in order to monitor the data about each process value that fluctuates due to combustion and suppress the fluctuation amount within a predetermined range, it is corrected by increasing or decreasing various reference values with a predetermined control algorithm according to the fluctuation of each process value To do. The correction calculation result is output as an optimum control value. Basically, when the furnace is stable, it is operated under the control of (2) above, and stabilization of combustion is performed under the correction of (3) for process amount fluctuations due to short-term fluctuations, etc. Do.

  The purpose of controlling the automatic combustion control device in this way is to reduce the burden on the operator, suppress the combustion fluctuation of the waste, stabilize the combustion, and stabilize the amount of heat generated from the furnace to stabilize the heat such as steam. The purpose is to stabilize the recovered amount and promote effective use of heat.

JP2004092941 JP-A-11-325438

  As described above, the automatic combustion control device has adjustment rules and relational expressions to change the operation amount at each operation end in response to changes in waste quality and incineration amount, which are long-term fluctuations. Is set, and the relational expression has a variable (control parameter) whose setting can be changed.

  At the start of operation (operation) after construction of an incinerator equipped with such an automatic combustion control device, in order to control the initial setting of long-term fluctuations, according to the planned or planned waste quality and incineration amount, Adjustment of control parameters at each operation end is performed. Adjustment of the control parameters is performed by a professional engineer or a skilled operator setting appropriate values while looking at past results, the combustion state in the furnace, and the like.

  Even if the incinerator operates under such adjustment settings, there are changes in the quality of the incinerator, changes in incineration operating conditions, aging of the incinerator, etc. As a tuning of the combustion control device, the variable (referred to as a control parameter) whose setting can be changed is adjusted in accordance with the dust quality at that time so that the incinerator can be stably operated.

  In the adjustment of the above-mentioned variable in such an automatic combustion control device, it is performed by an incinerator operator to determine how much the variable is changed and whether the change is effective when it is changed. . In this way, it is the operator's experience to determine how the state of combustion, especially the stability of combustion, has changed when the variable is changed, and to determine whether the change is effective. There will be individual differences in the evaluation of stability depending on the ability and ability. Therefore, when a variable is changed, it is necessary to judge whether the changed variable is appropriate without an individual difference in the evaluation by an objective index. There was no device for evaluating the combustion state and the degree of combustion stability.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention uses an automatic combustion control device for the purpose of controlling combustion stabilization in a waste incinerator that incinerates waste. Evaluation device and evaluation of the control device for automatic combustion in a waste incinerator that can judge the quality by objectively quantifying and evaluating the combustion control state when using the automatic combustion control device after setting the parameters It is an object to provide a method.

  According to the present invention, the above-described problems are solved by the following evaluation apparatus and evaluation method.

<First invention>
The evaluation apparatus for the combustion control device of the waste incinerator according to the first invention is based on the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value of the waste incinerator, and the predetermined incineration amount setting value or the waste quality setting value. If the operation amount reference value at the operation end of the incinerator is set in advance using the relational expression between the incinerator and the operation amount reference value, and if at least one of the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value is changed, the change Corresponding to the set value, the manipulated variable reference value is changed by adjusting the control parameter as the correction coefficient included in the above relational expression, and the waste incinerator is operated under the changed manipulated variable reference value. After obtaining the combustion process measurement value as the combustion state quantity in the incinerator, the modified manipulated variable reference value is corrected based on a predetermined control algorithm according to the fluctuation of the combustion process measurement value, The operation amount at the end is used as the corrected operation amount reference value. A device connected to a combustion control device of a waste incinerator to be controlled, and for evaluating the adjustment of the control parameter in the combustion control device, and when the control parameter is adjusted, A combustion process measurement value in the incinerator is acquired, a result value related to a plurality of evaluation judgment items predetermined as an evaluation index of the combustion state is obtained from the combustion process measurement value, and the result value is set in advance. It is characterized by evaluating the suitability of the adjustment of the control parameter as compared with a criterion.

<Second invention>
The evaluation method for the combustion control device of the waste incinerator according to the second invention is based on the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value of the waste incinerator, and a predetermined incineration amount setting value or a waste quality setting value. If the operation amount reference value at the operation end of the incinerator is set in advance using the relational expression between the incinerator and the operation amount reference value, and if at least one of the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value is changed, the change Corresponding to the set value, the manipulated variable reference value is changed by adjusting the control parameter as the correction coefficient included in the above relational expression, and the waste incinerator is operated under the changed manipulated variable reference value. After obtaining the combustion process measurement value as the combustion state quantity in the incinerator, the modified manipulated variable reference value is corrected based on a predetermined control algorithm according to the fluctuation of the combustion process measurement value, The operation amount at the end is used as the corrected operation amount reference value. A method for evaluating the adjustment of the control parameter in the combustion control device of the waste incinerator to be controlled in a similar manner, and when the control parameter is adjusted, the combustion process measurement value in the waste incinerator is obtained from the combustion control device. And obtaining a result value related to a plurality of evaluation determination items predetermined as an evaluation index of the combustion state from the combustion process measurement value, and comparing the result value with a predetermined evaluation determination criterion, the control parameter It is characterized by evaluating the suitability of the adjustment.

  According to the first invention and the second invention, the unified evaluation is obtained by obtaining a result value related to each evaluation determination item from the combustion process measurement value and comparing the result value with a predetermined evaluation determination criterion. Appropriateness of adjustment of the control parameter is objectively evaluated based on the criterion.

  In the first invention and the second invention, the operation amount reference value of the plurality of operation ends includes the combustion air amount, the cooling air amount, and the grate feed rate, and the combustion process measurement value includes the actual waste incineration amount, It is preferable to include the temperature and the concentration of exhaust gas components. In the first invention and the second invention, the evaluation determination items preferably include a gas temperature and a concentration of each gas component at a predetermined portion in the furnace.

  In the present invention, as described above, a result value related to a plurality of evaluation determination items is obtained from combustion process measurement values that can be acquired by actual measurement of the in-furnace situation, and the result values are compared with preset evaluation determination criteria. Therefore, the following effects are obtained.

(I) By connecting the evaluation device to the automatic combustion control device, in-furnace state (combustion state) data can be collected from the control device, and the quality of the combustion control state can be quantified and displayed.
(Ii) Conventionally, there has been an individual difference in the evaluation of the stability of combustion, etc., which has been evaluated by the ability of the operator, but with the evaluation criteria standardized by using the evaluation apparatus and the evaluation method of the present invention. Can be judged.
(Iii) By evaluating the combustion control state numerically for each of a plurality of items, a specific inappropriate item can be immediately determined. Thereby, since the object at the time of readjusting the control parameter of the automatic combustion control device is specified, the readjustment efficiency can be improved.
(Iv) Conventionally, when adjusting the control parameters of the automatic combustion control device to optimize the automatic combustion control, it has been necessary to evaluate by a technician or a skilled operator having a specific skill with comprehensive judgment ability. However, by utilizing the evaluation apparatus and the evaluation method of the present invention, it becomes possible to make sequential adjustments by a general operator of each business office that does not have a specific skill and skill, and uniformity of evaluation becomes possible. In addition, operational stability can be secured.
(V) By incorporating the evaluation device into a mobile personal computer, it is possible to evaluate the evaluation device simply by connecting this evaluation device to the automatic combustion control device of each incineration facility. Evaluation operations at business sites are possible.

It is a schematic block diagram of the waste incinerator, combustion control apparatus, and evaluation apparatus in embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a combustion control apparatus and an evaluation apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows the control action by a combustion control apparatus. It is a table | surface which shows the evaluation determination item for evaluating the propriety of adjustment of a control parameter, the evaluation determination criteria, a combustion process value, and a result value. It is a graph which shows the evaluation result of the suitability of adjustment of a control parameter, (A) is a graph regarding evaluation of a combustion state, (B) is a graph regarding evaluation of combustion stability.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a waste incinerator, a combustion control device, and an evaluation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  A waste incinerator (waste incinerator) shown in FIG. 1 is a grate-type incinerator having a grate 4, a waste inlet 2, a furnace 1 in which waste is burned, and a downstream of a furnace outlet 7 of the furnace 1. It has the boiler 9 provided with the heat exchanger 9a installed in the side and the steam drum 9b.

  Garbage thrown in from the garbage inlet 2 is sent to the grate 4 by the garbage supply device 3. The grate 4 reciprocates, and the agitation and movement of dust are performed by the reciprocation. Garbage on the grate 4 is burned after being blown by blowing the combustion air supplied to the wind box below the grate 4 by the combustion air blower 6 to produce exhaust gas and ash. . Ashes fall from the ash drop opening 5 and are discharged out of the furnace.

  The total amount of combustion air supplied from below the grate 4 into the furnace is adjusted by a combustion air damper 14 provided in the immediate vicinity of the combustion air blower 6, and the amount of combustion air supplied to each wind box is adjusted. The amount is adjusted by combustion air dampers 14a, 14b, 14c, and 14d under the grate provided in each pipe that supplies combustion air to each wind box. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the combustion air is supplied by dividing the bottom of the grate 4 by four wind boxes in the garbage transport direction. However, the structure is appropriately changed according to the scale and purpose of the waste incinerator. It goes without saying that this is possible and is not limited to four wind boxes.

  Further, cooling air is blown from the cooling air blow-in port 10 provided in the furnace wall by the cooling air blower 11 to completely burn the unburned components in the combustion gas, and the furnace wall temperature is excessively increased. Prevent it from rising. The amount of cooling air supplied from the cooling air inlet 10 into the furnace is adjusted by a cooling air damper 15 provided in the immediate vicinity of the cooling air blower 11.

  The combustible gas generated in the dust drying process and the main combustion process on the upstream side of the grate 4 and the combustion exhaust gas generated in the downstream post-combustion process are combined in the gas mixing section provided on the furnace outlet 7 side of the furnace 1. Then, the mixture is stirred and mixed again, and secondary combustion air is supplied to perform secondary combustion. A boiler 9 having a heat exchanger 9a and a steam drum 9b is installed on the downstream side of the secondary combustion section, and the combustion gas is exhausted from the chimney 8 after the thermal energy is recovered.

  An intermediate ceiling 16 is provided in the furnace 1 at an upper position in the height direction of the furnace 1. By providing the intermediate ceiling 16 in the furnace, the gas in the furnace is divided into a gas containing a large amount of combustible gas generated in the dust drying process and the main combustion process on the upstream side of the grate 4 and a post-combustion process on the downstream side. The generated combustion exhaust gas can be divided into two and discharged. Specifically, the combustion exhaust gas flows through a flue (main flue) below the intermediate ceiling 16, and the gas containing a large amount of combustible gas passes through the flue (sub flue) above the intermediate ceiling 16. Flowing. Then, the combustion exhaust gas and the gas containing a large amount of the combustible gas are joined together in the gas mixing section, so that the stirring and mixing of the gas in the gas mixing section is further promoted, and the combustion in the secondary combustion section is more stable. And further suppressing the generation of dioxins in the combustion process and preventing the generation of unburned waste.

  Moreover, as can be seen in FIG. 1, thermometers for measuring the gas temperature in the furnace are provided at a plurality of positions in the furnace 1. Specifically, in the height direction of the furnace 1, the combustion chamber gas thermometer 17 is positioned at an intermediate position between the grate 4 and the cooling air inlet 10, and the main flue gas thermometer 18 is positioned below the furnace outlet 7. A furnace outlet lower gas thermometer 19 is provided at a lower position of the furnace outlet 7, a furnace outlet middle gas thermometer 21 is provided at a middle position of the furnace outlet 7, and a furnace outlet gas thermometer 20 is provided at a downstream position of the furnace outlet 7.

As seen in FIG. 1, the boiler 9 is provided with a boiler outlet oxygen concentration meter 22 for measuring the concentration of oxygen (O ₂ ) in the exhaust gas on the outlet side of the boiler 9. A gas concentration meter 23 for measuring the concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) in the exhaust gas is provided at the inlet of the chimney 8, and the pipe connecting the outlet of the boiler 9 and the chimney 8 is An exhaust gas flow meter 24 for measuring the amount of exhaust gas is provided.

  The combustion control device 30 according to the present embodiment operates based on a predetermined operation amount reference value setting relational expression, which will be described later, based on the operation amount (combustion air amount, cooling air amount, dust supply device feed rate) at each operation end. And grate feed rate). The operation amount reference value setting relational expression is a relational expression between the waste incineration amount setting value or the waste quality setting value and the operation amount reference value (the target value of the operation amount), and includes a control parameter as a correction coefficient. As will be described later, the control parameter is adjusted by the operation amount reference value adjusting means 32 described later in accordance with the waste incineration amount set value and the waste quality set value. The adjusted control parameter corresponds to the manipulated variable reference value adjusting means 32 corresponding to the changed setting value when at least one of the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value is changed. It is changed by. As a result of changing the control parameter in this way, a preset operation amount reference value is changed.

  An evaluation device 40 is connected to the combustion control device 30, and the evaluation device 40 evaluates the adjustment of the control parameter by the combustion control device 30 as will be described later. The evaluation device 40 is constituted by a mobile computer such as a notebook personal computer.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating configurations of the combustion control device 30 and the evaluation device 40. The combustion control device 30 includes a waste quality calculation means 31 for calculating a waste quality (low heating value of waste) according to a waste incineration amount set value, and an operation amount by adjusting a control parameter included in an operation amount reference value setting relational expression. An operation amount reference value adjusting means 32 for adjusting the reference value, and an operation amount for correcting the operation amount reference value adjusted by the operation amount reference value adjusting means 32 based on a predetermined control algorithm (PID control, fuzzy calculation, etc.) Reference value correction means 33, waste quality calculation means 31, operation amount reference value adjustment means 32, first storage means 34 for storing data referred to by operation amount reference value correction means 33, and follow operation amount reference value In this way, there is an operation amount adjusting means 35 for adjusting each operation amount.

  The first storage means 34, in addition to a predetermined manipulated variable reference value setting relational expression and control algorithm, sets a preset incineration amount set value and a combustion process measurement value acquired as a combustion state quantity in the furnace. I remember it.

  The operation amount adjusting means 35 adjusts the operation amount at each operation end, that is, the combustion air amount, the cooling air amount, the dust supply device feed rate, and the grate feed rate, respectively. Combustion air amount adjustment means 36, cooling amount air amount adjustment means 37, waste supply device feed speed adjustment means 38, and grate feed, which adjust each operation amount so as to follow the operation amount reference value corrected by 33) A speed adjusting means 39 is provided. Here, the adjustment of the combustion air amount and the cooling air amount is performed by controlling the respective opening degrees of the combustion air damper 14 and the cooling air damper 15. Further, when the operation amount reference value is not corrected by the operation amount reference value correction unit 33, the operation amount adjustment unit 35 adjusts each operation amount based on the uncorrected operation amount reference value.

  The control operation of the combustion control device 30 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a control operation by the combustion control device 30. First, the target waste incineration amount is set by the operator as a waste incineration amount set value (S1). The waste incineration amount set value is stored in the first storage means 34. Next, according to the waste incineration amount setting value stored in the first storage unit 34, the waste quality calculation unit 31 inputs the amount of heat input other than the waste (such as the amount of heat of the combustion air) or the amount of heat discharged from the furnace. Then, based on the planned value of the amount of heat recovered as heat and recovered as steam, the waste quality (low heating value of waste) is calculated and set as a waste quality set value (S2). The waste quality setting value is stored in the first storage means 34.

  Next, the control parameters included in the operation amount reference value setting relational expression stored in the first storage unit 34 are adjusted by the operator (S3). At the start of operation (operation) after construction of the incinerator, adjustment (setting) of control parameters should be made in accordance with the waste quality and incineration amount planned or planned for the control over the initial setting of long-term fluctuations. Is called. In addition, after the operation of the waste incinerator, if there is a change in waste quality, changes in incineration operating conditions, secular changes in the incinerator, in other words, at least one of the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value. When the set value is changed, the control parameter is adjusted (changed) by the operator in accordance with the garbage quality at that time. Adjustment of the control parameter is performed by a professional engineer or a skilled operator setting an appropriate value while viewing past results, the combustion state in the furnace, and the like.

  As described above, after the control parameter is adjusted, the operation amount reference value adjustment means 32 is based on the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value stored in the first storage means 34, and the first storage means 34. Each operation amount reference value is calculated with reference to the operation amount reference value setting relational expression stored in (S4). At this time, when the control parameter is changed in S3, the operation amount reference value setting relational expression including the changed control parameter is referred to. That is, the operation amount reference value is changed. Thus, after the manipulated variable reference value is set or changed, the manipulated variable at each operation end is controlled so as to follow the manipulated variable reference value, and the waste incinerator is operated.

  During the operation of the furnace 1, the combustion process measurement values (for example, the measurement values by the thermometers 17 to 21, the concentration meters 22 and 23, and the exhaust gas flow meter 24, the amount of garbage cut out) are measured. Changes in process measurement values are monitored (S5). When the fluctuation amount of the combustion process measurement value deviates from the predetermined range, the manipulated variable reference value correction means 33 is operated based on the manipulated variable reference according to the fluctuation amount based on the control algorithm stored in the first storage means 34. A correction amount of the value (changed operation amount reference value if changed) is calculated (S6), and the operation amount reference value is corrected (S7). When neither the incineration amount setting value nor the waste quality setting value has been changed, the operation amount reference value correcting unit 33 does not correct the operation amount reference value. Then, the operation amount adjusting means 35 controls each operation amount based on the corrected operation amount reference value (S8).

  Next, the configuration of the evaluation device 40 will be described. When the control parameter of the manipulated variable reference value setting relational expression is adjusted (set and changed) by the manipulated variable reference value adjusting means 32 of the combustion control device 30, the evaluation device 40 evaluates the suitability of adjustment of the control parameter. It is a device for. Specifically, the evaluation device 40 obtains a result value related to a plurality of predetermined evaluation determination items from the combustion process measurement value stored in the combustion control device 30, and the result value is determined in advance. The suitability of the adjustment of the control parameter is evaluated by comparing with the evaluation judgment reference value.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the evaluation device 40 acquires a combustion process measurement value from the combustion control device 30 and calculates a result value, which will be described later, related to a plurality of predetermined evaluation determination items from the combustion process measurement value. The result value calculation means 41, the second storage means 42 for storing the later-described evaluation determination reference values preset in relation to each of the plurality of evaluation determination items, and the result value calculated by the result value calculation means 41 An adjustment parameter evaluation unit 43 that evaluates the suitability of adjustment of the control parameter in comparison with the evaluation determination reference value stored in the second storage unit 42, and a display unit 44 that displays an evaluation result by the adjustment parameter evaluation unit 43 Have. In this embodiment, the adjustment parameter evaluation means 43 calculates the difference between the combustion process measurement value and the evaluation determination reference value for each evaluation determination item, and sets the control parameter according to the magnitude of the absolute value of the difference. Evaluate the suitability of adjustment in five stages.

  Based on FIG. 4, the evaluation of the suitability of control parameter adjustment by the evaluation device 40 will be described. FIG. 4 is a table showing evaluation determination items, evaluation determination reference values, combustion process measurement values, and result values for evaluating the suitability of control parameter adjustment.

The “evaluation determination item” is a predetermined item for determining whether or not the adjustment of the control parameter is appropriate. In the present embodiment, a plurality of evaluation determination items are set for each of the evaluation determination items regarding the combustion state in the furnace and the combustion stability. Specifically, as shown in FIG. No. 1 to No. 9 are set, and No. is given as an item relating to the evaluation of combustion stability. 10 to 17 are set. No. concerning evaluation of combustion state in the furnace. 1-9 items, waste throughput, dust ignition state, the combustion chamber temperature, the combustion completion point, gray matter, air volume, gas mixed, CO concentration, a nine items of the NO _X concentration, the combustion state in the furnace It is an item for evaluating whether it is in an appropriate state. In addition, No. related to the evaluation of the stability of combustion. Items 10 to 17 are 8 items of furnace outlet temperature, amount of garbage cut out, dust layer thickness, O ₂ concentration, evaporation amount, CO concentration, exhaust gas amount, and temperature pattern. This is an item for evaluating the stability of combustion.

  The “evaluation determination reference value” is a reference value set for determining whether or not the control parameter adjustment is appropriate, and is set with a predetermined threshold value or a predetermined range. The “combustion process measurement value” is an actual measurement value acquired with respect to the state of operation of the waste incinerator, and may be a calculation value calculated based on the actual measurement value in addition to the actual measurement value itself. The “result value” is a value that is compared with the evaluation determination reference value for determining whether the control parameter adjustment is appropriate, and is calculated based on the combustion process measurement value itself or the combustion process measurement value. Value.

  Hereinafter, for each evaluation determination item, the corresponding evaluation determination reference value, combustion process measurement value, and result value will be described.

[No. 1: Waste treatment amount]
The evaluation judgment reference value is the target incineration amount reference value (t / h), the combustion process measurement value is the waste extraction amount average value (t / h), and the result value is the incineration amount result value (t / h). The average value of the amount of garbage cut out, which is a measurement value of the combustion process, is calculated from past results in consideration of the residence time until the dust introduced from the dust inlet 2 reaches the grate 4. The average value of the amount of waste cut out is used as the incineration amount result value as it is.

[No. 2: Garbage ignition state]
If the garbage is properly ignited and combustion is properly started, the combustion chamber gas temperature is in a predetermined range. The suitability of the dust ignition state is determined based on the combustion chamber gas temperature. The evaluation criterion value is the combustion chamber gas temperature first reference value (° C.), the combustion process measurement value is the combustion chamber gas average temperature (° C.), and the result value is the combustion chamber gas temperature first result value (° C.). The combustion chamber gas average temperature, which is the combustion process measurement value, is obtained from the measurement value of the combustion chamber gas thermometer 17. The combustion chamber gas average temperature is directly used as the combustion chamber gas temperature first result value.

[No. 3: Combustion chamber temperature]
The evaluation criterion value is the combustion chamber gas temperature second reference value (° C.), the combustion process measurement value is the combustion chamber gas average temperature (° C.), and the result value is the combustion chamber gas temperature second result value (° C.). The combustion chamber gas average temperature, which is the combustion process measurement value, is obtained from the measurement value of the combustion chamber gas thermometer 17. The combustion chamber gas average temperature is directly used as the combustion chamber gas temperature second result value.

[No. 4: Combustion completion point]
If the garbage is combusted properly, the main flue gas temperature will be in the predetermined range. The suitability of the combustion completion point is determined based on the main flue gas gas temperature. The evaluation standard value is the main flue gas temperature first reference value (° C), the combustion process measurement value is the main flue gas average temperature (° C), and the result value is the main flue gas temperature first result value (° C) . The main flue gas average temperature, which is a combustion process measurement value, is obtained from the measurement value of the main flue gas thermometer 18. The main flue gas average temperature is directly used as the main flue gas temperature first result value.

[No. 5: Ash quality]
If the garbage is combusted properly and the ash of combustion residue is appropriate, the main flue gas temperature is within a predetermined range. The suitability of ash is judged based on the main flue gas gas temperature. The evaluation standard value is the main flue gas temperature second reference value (° C), the combustion process measurement value is the main flue gas average temperature (° C), and the result value is the main flue gas temperature second result value (° C) . The main flue gas average temperature, which is a combustion process measurement value, is obtained from the measurement value of the main flue gas thermometer 18. The main flue gas average temperature is used as it is as the second main flue gas temperature result value.

[No. 6: Air volume]
If the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber is an amount necessary and sufficient for combustion, the exhaust gas O ₂ concentration is in a predetermined range. The suitability of the air amount is determined based on the exhaust gas O ₂ concentration. The evaluation judgment reference value is the exhaust gas O ₂ concentration reference value (%), the combustion process measurement value is the exhaust gas O ₂ average concentration (%), and the result value is the exhaust gas O ₂ concentration result value (%). The exhaust gas O ₂ average concentration, which is a combustion process measurement value, is obtained from the measurement value of the boiler outlet oxygen concentration meter 22. The exhaust gas O ₂ average concentration is directly used as the O ₂ concentration result value.

[No. 7: Gas mixing properties]
If the mixing of the main flue gas and the sub flue gas is appropriate, the temperature difference between the gas temperature in the middle and lower part of the furnace outlet is within a predetermined range. The suitability of the gas mixing property is determined based on this temperature difference. Evaluation judgment reference value is furnace outlet temperature difference reference value (℃), combustion process value is furnace outlet lower average temperature (℃) and furnace outlet middle average temperature (℃), and result value is furnace outlet temperature difference result value (℃) is there. The furnace outlet lower average temperature and the furnace outlet middle average temperature, which are measured values of the combustion process, are obtained from the measured values of the furnace outlet lower gas thermometer 19 and the furnace outlet middle gas thermometer 21, respectively. The furnace outlet temperature difference result value is calculated as the difference between the furnace outlet lower average temperature and the furnace outlet middle average temperature.

[No. 8: CO concentration]
If the garbage is properly burned, the exhaust gas CO concentration falls within a predetermined range. The evaluation criterion value is the CO concentration reference value (%), the combustion process measurement value is the exhaust gas CO average concentration (%), and the result value is the CO concentration result value (%). The exhaust gas CO average concentration which is the combustion process measurement value is obtained from the measurement value of the gas concentration meter 23. The exhaust gas CO average concentration is directly used as the CO concentration result value.

[No. 9: NO _X concentration]
If the combustion of waste is properly carried out exhaust gas NO _X concentration becomes a predetermined range. The evaluation determination reference value is the NO _X concentration reference value (%), the combustion process measurement value is the exhaust gas NO _X average concentration (%), and the result value is the NO _X concentration result value (%). The exhaust gas NO _X average concentration, which is a combustion process measurement value, is obtained from the measurement value of the gas concentration meter 23. The exhaust gas NO _X average concentration is used as the NO _X concentration result value as it is.

[No. 10: Furnace outlet temperature]
The evaluation judgment reference value is the furnace outlet temperature reference value (° C.), the combustion process value is the furnace outlet average temperature (° C.), and the result value is the furnace outlet temperature result value (° C.). The furnace outlet average temperature, which is a measurement value of the combustion process, is obtained from the measurement value of the furnace outlet gas thermometer 20. The furnace outlet average temperature is used as the furnace outlet temperature result value as it is.

[No. 11: Garbage cutting amount]
The amount of waste supplied to the incinerator is evaluated as the amount of waste cut out. The evaluation judgment reference value is the waste cut amount reference value (t / h), the combustion process measurement value is the waste cut amount average value (t / h), and the result value is the waste cut amount result value (t / h). . The average value of the amount of garbage cut out, which is a measurement value of the combustion process, is calculated from past results in consideration of the residence time until the waste input from the garbage input 2 reaches the grate 4. The average value of the amount of garbage cut is used as the result of the amount of garbage cut as it is.

[No. 12: Garbage layer thickness]
Evaluate the variation of the thickness of the dust layer on the grate. The evaluation judgment reference value is the waste layer thickness reference value (mm), the combustion process measurement value is the waste cutting amount average value (t / h), and the result value is the waste layer thickness result value (mm). The average value of the amount of garbage cut out, which is a measurement value of the combustion process, is calculated from past results in consideration of the residence time until the dust introduced from the dust inlet 2 reaches the grate 4. The waste layer thickness result value is calculated by dividing the average value of the amount of cut out by the grate feed rate and the dust density.

[No. 13: O ₂ concentration]
The evaluation judgment reference value is the exhaust gas O ₂ concentration reference value (%), the combustion process measurement value is the exhaust gas O ₂ average concentration (%), and the result value is the exhaust gas O ₂ concentration result value (%). The exhaust gas O ₂ average concentration, which is a combustion process measurement value, is obtained from the measurement value of the boiler outlet oxygen concentration meter 22. The exhaust gas O ₂ average concentration is directly used as the exhaust gas O ₂ concentration result value.

[No. 14: Evaporation amount]
The amount of steam generated in the boiler is evaluated as the amount of evaporation. The evaluation reference value is the waste heat value (Hu) reference value (kcal / kg), the combustion process measurement value is the waste heat value (Hu) smooth value (kcal / kg), and the result value is the waste heat value (Hu) The result value (%). The Hu smooth value, which is a combustion process measurement value, is calculated by performing a smoothing process after calculating the waste heat generation amount by heat balance calculation based on the waste cutting amount average value and the exhaust gas amount. The average value of the amount of garbage cut out is calculated from the past results in consideration of the residence time until the garbage thrown in from the dust inlet 2 reaches the grate 4. Further, the exhaust gas amount is obtained from the measured value of the exhaust gas flow meter 24. The Hu smooth value is directly used as the Hu result value.

[No. 15: CO concentration]
The evaluation criterion value is the CO concentration peak value (threshold value) (%), the combustion process measurement value is the exhaust gas CO concentration (%), and the result value is the CO concentration peak result value (%). The exhaust gas CO concentration, which is a combustion process measurement value, is obtained from the measurement value of the gas concentration meter 23. The CO concentration peak result value is obtained from the maximum value of the measured value of the exhaust gas CO concentration.

[No. 16: Amount of exhaust gas]
The evaluation judgment reference value is the exhaust gas amount reference value (m ³ / h), the combustion process measurement value is the exhaust gas amount (m ³ / h), and the result value is the exhaust gas amount result value (m ³ / h). The amount of exhaust gas that is a combustion process measurement value is obtained from the measurement value of the exhaust gas flow meter 24. The exhaust gas amount is used as the exhaust gas amount result value as it is.

[No. 17: Temperature pattern]
“Temperature pattern” means the fluctuation of the difference between the furnace outlet temperature and the main flue gas temperature, and the ratio between the average value and the standard deviation of the difference between the furnace outlet temperature and the main flue gas temperature within the set time Is calculated by the following equation (1) as a temperature pattern calculated value, and the smaller the temperature pattern calculated value is, the higher the stability of the temperature pattern is evaluated. The evaluation judgment reference value is a temperature pattern reference value, the combustion process measurement value is a temperature pattern measurement value, the main flue gas temperature is measured by the main flue gas thermometer 18, and the furnace outlet temperature is measured by the furnace outlet gas thermometer 20. A temperature pattern measurement value is calculated. The result value is a temperature pattern result value. The temperature pattern measurement value is directly used as the temperature pattern result value.
Calculated temperature pattern value = (standard deviation / average value) x 100 (1)

  As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, for example, the evaluation result of the suitability of the adjustment of the control parameter by the adjustment parameter evaluation unit 43 of the evaluation device 40 indicates the stage evaluation result for each evaluation determination item. Is displayed on the display means 44 of the evaluation device 40 by a graph or the like. Here, FIG. 5A is a graph relating to the evaluation of the combustion state, and FIG. 5B is a graph relating to the evaluation of the combustion stability.

  In this embodiment, the suitability of control parameter adjustment is evaluated in five stages according to the magnitude of the difference between the evaluation criterion value and the result value, and the difference between the evaluation criterion value and the result value is The smaller the level, the higher the evaluation stage. In the present embodiment, the control parameter is set in advance so that it is evaluated that the adjustment of the control parameter is appropriate (good) as long as it is 3 or more out of 5 levels.

As shown in FIG. 5 (A), evaluation of each evaluation judgment item relating to the combustion state is as follows: the waste treatment amount is “5”, the waste ignition state is “4”, the combustion chamber temperature is “4”, and the combustion is completed. The point is “5”, the ash is “4”, the air amount is “4”, the gas mixing property is “5”, the CO concentration is “5”, and the NO _X concentration is “5”. That is, an evaluation of “3” or higher is obtained for all evaluation determination items, and it is determined that the adjustment of the control parameter is appropriate for the combustion state. As a result, the operator can easily recognize that there is no need to adjust the control parameter again.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5 (B), each evaluation judgment item relating to the combustion stability includes the furnace outlet temperature of “5”, the amount of dust cut out of “5”, the dust layer thickness of “4”, The O ₂ concentration is “2”, the evaporation amount is “3”, the CO concentration is “5”, the exhaust gas amount is “3”, and the temperature pattern is “1”. That is, the evaluation for the two items of the O ₂ concentration and the temperature pattern is lower than “3”. Therefore, the operator can easily recognize that it is necessary to adjust the control parameter again so that the evaluation of these two items is “3” or more by visually recognizing the display result of the display means 44. Can do.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, a result value related to a plurality of evaluation determination items is obtained from a combustion process measurement value that can be obtained by actual measurement of the in-furnace situation, and the result value is set as a predetermined evaluation determination reference value. Since the suitability of control parameter adjustment is evaluated by comparison, the following effects can be obtained.

(I) By connecting the evaluation device 40 to the combustion control device 30, the in-furnace state (combustion state) data can be collected from the combustion control device 30, and the quality of the combustion control state can be quantified and displayed.
(Ii) Conventionally, there is an individual difference in the evaluation of the stability of combustion, etc., which has been evaluated by the ability of the operator, but the evaluation determination unified by using the evaluation device 40 and the evaluation method of the present embodiment An objective pass / fail judgment based on the standard is possible.
(Iii) By evaluating the combustion control state numerically for each of a plurality of items, a specific inappropriate item can be immediately determined. Thereby, since the object at the time of readjusting the control parameter of the combustion control device 30 is specified, the readjustment efficiency can be improved.
(Iv) Conventionally, when adjusting the control parameters of the combustion control device 30 to optimize the automatic combustion control, it has been necessary to evaluate by a technician or a skilled operator having a specific skill with comprehensive judgment ability. However, by utilizing the evaluation device 40 and the evaluation method of the present embodiment, it becomes possible to make a sequential adjustment by a general operator of each business site that does not have a specific skill and skill, and the uniformity of evaluation is possible In addition, more stable operation can be secured.
(V) By incorporating the evaluation device 40 into the mobile personal computer, the evaluation device 40 can be evaluated simply by connecting the evaluation device 40 to the combustion control device 30 of each waste incineration facility. This enables evaluation operations at multiple establishments.

30 Combustion control device 40 Evaluation device

Claims (6)

Based on the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value of the waste incinerator, the operation amount reference value at the operation end of the incinerator is determined by the predetermined relationship between the incineration amount setting value or the waste quality setting value and the operation amount reference value. Set in advance,
When at least one of the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value is changed, the control parameter as the correction coefficient included in the above relational expression is adjusted in accordance with the changed setting value. Change the operation amount reference value with
After obtaining the combustion process measurement value as the combustion state quantity in the incinerator during operation of the waste incinerator under the changed manipulated variable reference value, it was determined in advance according to the fluctuation of the combustion process measurement value It is connected to a combustion control device of a waste incinerator that corrects the changed manipulated variable reference value based on a control algorithm and controls the manipulated variable at the operating end to be a corrected manipulated value reference value. An apparatus for evaluating control parameter adjustment,
When the above control parameters are adjusted, the combustion process measurement value in the waste incinerator is acquired from the combustion control device, and related to a plurality of evaluation judgment items predetermined as evaluation indicators of the combustion state from the combustion process measurement value. An evaluation apparatus for a combustion control apparatus for a waste incinerator, wherein a result value to be obtained is obtained and the suitability of adjustment of the control parameter is evaluated by comparing the result value with a preset evaluation criterion.   The operation amount reference value at multiple operation ends includes the combustion air amount, cooling air amount, and grate feed rate, and the combustion process measurement value includes the actual waste incineration amount, furnace temperature, and exhaust gas component concentration The evaluation apparatus for the combustion control apparatus of the waste incinerator according to claim 1.   The evaluation apparatus for a combustion control apparatus for a waste incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the evaluation determination items include a gas temperature at a predetermined portion in the furnace and a concentration of each gas component. Based on the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value of the waste incinerator, the operation amount reference value at the operation end of the incinerator is determined by the predetermined relationship between the incineration amount setting value or the waste quality setting value and the operation amount reference value. Set in advance,
When at least one of the incineration amount setting value and the waste quality setting value is changed, the control parameter as the correction coefficient included in the above relational expression is adjusted in accordance with the changed setting value. Change the operation amount reference value with
After obtaining the combustion process measurement value as the combustion state quantity in the incinerator during operation of the waste incinerator under the changed manipulated variable reference value, it was determined in advance according to the fluctuation of the combustion process measurement value Evaluation of the adjustment of the control parameter in the combustion control device of the waste incinerator that corrects the changed manipulated variable reference value based on the control algorithm and controls the manipulated variable at the operating end to be the corrected manipulated variable reference value. A way to do,
When the control parameter is adjusted, a combustion process measurement value in the waste incinerator is acquired from the combustion control device, and the measurement process value is related to a plurality of evaluation determination items predetermined as an evaluation index of the combustion state. An evaluation method for a combustion control apparatus for a waste incinerator, wherein a result value is obtained, and the suitability of adjustment of the control parameter is evaluated by comparing the result value with a preset evaluation criterion.   The operation amount reference value at multiple operation ends includes the combustion air amount, cooling air amount, and grate feed rate, and the combustion process measurement value includes the actual waste incineration amount, furnace temperature, and exhaust gas component concentration The evaluation method for the combustion control apparatus of the waste incinerator according to claim 4.   The evaluation method for the combustion control device for a waste incinerator according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the evaluation determination items include a gas temperature at a predetermined portion in the furnace and a concentration of each gas component.

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