JP2015113278A - Method for producing diamond fine particle having excellent water dispersibility, and diamond fine particle-water dispersion - Google Patents
Method for producing diamond fine particle having excellent water dispersibility, and diamond fine particle-water dispersion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法、及びダイヤモンド微粒子水分散体に関し、詳しくは不活性ガス雰囲気下で加熱処理して得られる水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法、及び前記方法によって得られるダイヤモンド微粒子水分散体に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for producing diamond fine particles excellent in water dispersibility, and a diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion, and more specifically, a method for producing diamond fine particles excellent in water dispersibility obtained by heat treatment under an inert gas atmosphere, And a diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion obtained by the above method.
従来から、ダイヤモンド微粒子、特に爆射法によるダイヤモンド微粒子はコアがＳＰ３ダイヤモンド、シェルがＳＰ２グラファイト構造から成るコア・シェル構造を有しており、シェル構造に−ＣＯＯＨ、−ＯＨ等の水性の官能基を有しており、ダイヤモンド微粒子の１〜２重量％の低濃度領域では水に比較的分散するが、３〜１０重量％の高濃度領域では水に均一に分散せず沈殿するので、高濃度の水分散液体の加工領域では問題を抱えていた。 Conventionally, diamond fine particles, particularly diamond particles produced by the explosion method, have a core / shell structure in which the core is made of SP3 diamond and the shell is made of SP2 graphite structure. In the low concentration region of 1 to 2% by weight of the diamond fine particles, it is relatively dispersed in water, but in the high concentration region of 3 to 10% by weight it precipitates without being uniformly dispersed in water. There was a problem in the processing area of water dispersion liquid.
従って、本発明の目的は、高濃度で水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法を提供することにあり、さらに前記ダイヤモンド微粒子水分散体を使用した研磨用スラリー、繊維及びフイルム表面等に塗布して硬度や耐摩耗性を与えるダイヤモンド微粒子水分散体を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing diamond fine particles having a high concentration and excellent water dispersibility, and further applied to polishing slurries, fibers, film surfaces, etc. using the diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion. Thus, it is an object to provide a diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion which gives hardness and wear resistance.
上記目的に鑑み鋭意研究の結果、本発明者らは、ダイヤモンド微粒子を不活性ガス雰囲気下で７００〜９００℃の範囲で熱処理を施し高濃度の水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子を製造し、前記ダイヤモンド微粒子の有する高い硬度、耐磨耗性、高い熱伝導率、高い屈折率等を利用することにより、溶媒を使用しないで高濃度の水分散の状態で研磨用スラリーとして、また繊維及びフイルム表面等に水分散型熱硬化樹脂、ＵＶ効果樹脂等と組合せ、塗布して使用出来ることを見出し、本発明に想到した。 As a result of diligent research in view of the above object, the inventors of the present invention manufactured diamond fine particles excellent in high-concentration water dispersibility by subjecting the diamond fine particles to heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere in the range of 700 to 900 ° C. By utilizing the high hardness, wear resistance, high thermal conductivity, high refractive index, etc. possessed by diamond fine particles, it can be used as a polishing slurry in the state of high-concentration water dispersion without using a solvent, and on the surface of fibers and films. The present invention has been found out that it can be used in combination with a water-dispersed thermosetting resin, UV effect resin, etc.
すなわち、本発明の方法は、ダイヤモンド微粒子を不活性ガス雰囲気下で７００〜９００℃の範囲で熱処理を施すことにより水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子を製造する方法である。 That is, the method of the present invention is a method for producing diamond fine particles having excellent water dispersibility by subjecting the diamond fine particles to a heat treatment in the range of 700 to 900 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere.
前記不活性ガス雰囲気下での熱処理温度が７５０〜８５０℃の範囲で施すのが好ましい。 It is preferable that the heat treatment temperature in the inert gas atmosphere is in the range of 750 to 850 ° C.
前記不活性ガスが窒素、アルゴン、炭酸ガス、及びアルゴンと水素の組合せであるのが好ましい。 The inert gas is preferably nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, or a combination of argon and hydrogen.
前記熱処理時間が３０分以上であるのが好ましい。 The heat treatment time is preferably 30 minutes or longer.
前記爆射法で得られたダイヤモンド微粒子は、２．５５〜３．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３の比重を有するのが好ましい。The diamond fine particles obtained by the explosion method preferably have a specific gravity of 2.55 to 3.48 g / cm 3 .
前記ダイヤモンド水分散液のゼータ電位が２０ｍＶ以上であるのが好ましい。 The zeta potential of the diamond aqueous dispersion is preferably 20 mV or more.
前記ダイヤモンド微粒子は、爆射法で得られたものであるのが好ましい。 The diamond fine particles are preferably obtained by an explosion method.
前記ダイヤモンド微粒子は、研磨用ダイヤモンドスラリーに好ましい。 The diamond fine particles are preferable for polishing diamond slurry.
前記ダイヤモンド微粒子は、ダイヤモンド水分散体に好ましい。 The diamond fine particles are preferable for a diamond aqueous dispersion.
本発明の水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法は、ダイヤモンド微粒子の水への分散が非常に良好で、このダイヤモンド微粒子水分散体を使用した研磨用スラリーは水への分散性が良いので、研摩効率、生産性が高く、ダイヤモンド微粒子の使用量が少なくて済み、傷の発生量も劇的に減少するという特徴を有する。また繊維及びフイルム表面等に、凝集の少ないダイヤモンド微粒子を均一に塗布して、優れた硬度や耐摩耗性を与える繊維及びフイルムを提供することができる。いずれにしろ水に良く分散したダイヤモンド微粒子水分散体は、その用途は特に限定されず、すべての用途で有効に用いられる。 The method for producing diamond fine particles having excellent water dispersibility according to the present invention has very good dispersion of diamond fine particles in water, and the polishing slurry using this diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion has good dispersibility in water. It has the characteristics that polishing efficiency and productivity are high, the amount of diamond fine particles used is small, and the amount of scratches is dramatically reduced. Further, it is possible to provide a fiber and a film that give excellent hardness and wear resistance by uniformly applying diamond fine particles with little aggregation to the surface of the fiber and the film. In any case, the diamond fine particle water dispersion well dispersed in water is not particularly limited in use, and can be effectively used in all uses.
本発明は高濃度で水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法であって、ダイヤモンド微粒子を不活性ガス雰囲気下で高温熱処理を施すことにより水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子が得られる。 The present invention is a method for producing diamond fine particles having a high concentration and excellent water dispersibility, and diamond fine particles having excellent water dispersibility can be obtained by subjecting diamond fine particles to high-temperature heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere.
［１］ダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法
本発明のダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法の好ましい実施の形態について詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。[1] Method for Producing Diamond Fine Particles Preferred embodiments of the method for producing diamond fine particles of the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
（１）ダイヤモンド微粒子の合成
ダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法は、爆薬を不活性ガスで満たした容器に充填し、その容器ごと耐圧性容器中に設置し、前記爆薬を爆発させ空冷又は水冷で冷却する爆射法である。前記爆薬は、有機系爆薬を使用する。爆薬を充填するための容器は、不活性ガスを満たした状態を保持できる程度に密閉できるものであれば特にどのような材質及び構造であってもよい。(1) Synthesis of diamond fine particles Diamond fine particles are manufactured by filling a container filled with an inert gas with an explosive, placing the container in a pressure resistant container, exploding the explosive, and cooling with air or water cooling. It is a shooting method. As the explosive, an organic explosive is used. The container for filling the explosive may be of any material and structure as long as it can be sealed to such an extent that it can maintain a state filled with an inert gas.
爆薬３は、図１に示すように、不活性ガスで満たした容器２に充填した状態で、耐圧性容器１の内部に吊材４で吊設して設置する。吊設する位置は、得られるダイヤモンド微粒子の収率ができるだけ高くなるように、容器の形状、爆薬の種類・量等によって、適宜調節する。図１に示すような球状の耐圧性容器１の場合、前記耐圧性容器１のほぼ中央部に位置するように吊設するのが好ましい。前記吊材４として、銅線等の金属線を使用することにより、爆薬に取り付けた電気雷管への電流を供給するための導線として使用することができる。 As shown in FIG. 1, the explosive 3 is hung and installed in a pressure resistant container 1 with a suspension member 4 in a state where the container 2 is filled with an inert gas. The position of the suspension is appropriately adjusted according to the shape of the container, the type and amount of the explosive, etc., so that the yield of the obtained diamond fine particles is as high as possible. In the case of a spherical pressure-resistant container 1 as shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable to suspend the pressure-resistant container 1 so as to be positioned substantially at the center. By using a metal wire such as a copper wire as the suspension member 4, it can be used as a conducting wire for supplying a current to the electric detonator attached to the explosive.
爆薬３を、不活性ガスで満たした容器２に充填して爆発させることによって、爆発時に発生する圧力を効果的に高めることができると共に、不活性ガスで爆薬３の周囲が満たされているため、精製するダイヤモンド微粒子の酸化が効率的に抑止される。使用する不活性ガスとしては、炭素原子に対して不活性なものが好ましく、窒素、アルゴン、二酸化炭素、ヘリウム等のガスが好ましい。前記容器内を満たす不活性ガスの圧力は、常圧でかまわないが、常圧よりも高い圧力としてもよい。なお、ダイヤモンド微粒子表面に存在する親水性官能基の量を増やすという観点で、使用する爆薬の種類、耐圧製容器の形状等の条件によっては、容器２内の酸素濃度がゼロであるよりも、１容量％以下の範囲で微量含有しているのが好ましい場合がある。 By filling the explosive 3 in the container 2 filled with an inert gas and causing it to explode, the pressure generated during the explosion can be effectively increased, and the periphery of the explosive 3 is filled with the inert gas. The oxidation of the fine diamond particles to be purified is effectively suppressed. The inert gas used is preferably inert to carbon atoms, and gases such as nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and helium are preferred. The pressure of the inert gas filling the container may be normal pressure, but may be higher than normal pressure. In addition, from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of hydrophilic functional groups present on the surface of the diamond fine particles, depending on conditions such as the type of explosive used and the shape of the pressure-resistant container, the oxygen concentration in the container 2 is less than zero. It may be preferable to contain a trace amount in the range of 1% by volume or less.
前記有機系爆薬由来の炭素から生成されるダイヤモンド微粒子は、爆発後の高温の状態から室温に冷却される過程で、１２００℃付近から室温に冷却されるスピードが遅いと生成されたダイヤモンド微粒子が容易にグラファイトへ相転換する。従って、前記相転移を抑止しダイヤモンド微粒子の純度及び収率を高めるため、耐圧性容器内をすみやかに冷却するのが好ましい。耐圧性容器内の冷却は、自然冷却でも可能であるが、より効率よく冷却するために、例えば、耐圧製容器の外壁に風を送る等の方法により、耐圧製容器自体を周囲から冷却するのが好ましい。 Diamond fine particles generated from carbon derived from organic explosives are easily produced when the cooling speed from about 1200 ° C. to room temperature is slow in the process of cooling from high temperature after explosion to room temperature. Phase change to graphite. Therefore, in order to suppress the phase transition and increase the purity and yield of the diamond fine particles, it is preferable to cool the pressure-resistant container promptly. The pressure-resistant container can be cooled by natural cooling, but in order to cool more efficiently, the pressure-resistant container itself is cooled from the surroundings by, for example, sending air to the outer wall of the pressure-resistant container. Is preferred.
爆発によって得られた生成物は、前記耐圧性容器１の内壁を水で洗い流して、水分散物として回収する。生成物の回収は、１回の爆発を実施した後で行っても良いが、２回以上の爆発を連続して実施した後でまとめて回収した方が効率的である。このように連続して２回以上の爆発を繰り返し実施することにより、作業性が向上すると共に、ダイヤモンド微粒子の収率が向上する。連続して２回以上爆発を実施した場合、１回目の爆発で耐圧性容器内の酸素が消費されるので、２回目以降の爆発においてダイヤモンド微粒子の酸化が抑止されるという効果も得られる。 The product obtained by the explosion is recovered as an aqueous dispersion by washing the inner wall of the pressure-resistant container 1 with water. The product may be recovered after performing one explosion, but it is more efficient to collect the products after performing two or more explosions in succession. By repeating the explosion twice or more continuously in this way, workability is improved and the yield of diamond fine particles is improved. When explosions are carried out twice or more in succession, oxygen in the pressure-resistant container is consumed by the first explosion, so that the effect of suppressing the oxidation of diamond fine particles in the second and subsequent explosions can also be obtained.
連続して２回以上の爆発を実施する場合、１回目の爆発後、耐圧製容器を冷却し、不活性ガスで満たした容器２に充填した爆薬３を新たに設置し、２回目以降の爆発を実施する。このとき、不活性ガスで満たした容器２に充填した爆薬３を爆発の回数分だけあらかじめ準備しておき、爆発及び冷却を繰り返し実施する。このように、不活性ガスで満たした容器２に充填した爆薬３をあらかじめ準備して空冷式爆射法を実施することにより、２回目以降の爆発のために耐圧性容器１の上蓋７を開けて爆薬を仕込む際に外気（酸素）が耐圧性容器１内に混入しても、爆薬３の周囲は容器２に満たされた不活性ガスが存在するため、外気混入による酸素濃度上昇の影響、すなわち、生成するダイヤモンド微粒子の酸化をごく小さいものにすることができ、その結果ダイヤモンド微粒子の収率が向上する。 When two or more explosions are carried out in succession, after the first explosion, the pressure-resistant container is cooled, the explosive 3 filled in the container 2 filled with inert gas is newly installed, and the second and subsequent explosions To implement. At this time, the explosive 3 filled in the container 2 filled with the inert gas is prepared in advance for the number of explosions, and the explosion and cooling are repeatedly performed. Thus, by preparing the explosive 3 filled in the container 2 filled with the inert gas in advance and performing the air-cooled explosion method, the upper lid 7 of the pressure-resistant container 1 is opened for the second and subsequent explosions. Even if outside air (oxygen) is mixed in the pressure-resistant container 1 when charging the explosive, since the inert gas filled in the container 2 exists around the explosive 3, the influence of the increase in oxygen concentration due to the outside air mixing, That is, the oxidation of the diamond fine particles to be generated can be made extremely small, and as a result, the yield of the diamond fine particles is improved.
新たな爆薬３を耐圧製容器１に設置するために耐圧性容器１の上蓋７を解放したときに、耐圧製容器１内へ流入する空気をできるだけ少なくするため、耐圧性容器１に設けたガス流入口（図示せず。）から耐圧製容器１内に不活性ガスを流入させ、耐圧性容器１内を大気圧よりも高圧にした状態で爆薬３の設置作業を行ってもよい。ただし、生成したダイヤモンド微粒子の粉末が飛散してしまわない程度の、少量の不活性ガスを流入させるようにする必要がある。 A gas provided in the pressure-resistant container 1 in order to minimize the amount of air flowing into the pressure-resistant container 1 when the upper lid 7 of the pressure-resistant container 1 is released in order to install a new explosive 3 in the pressure-resistant container 1. The installation work of the explosive 3 may be performed in a state where an inert gas is allowed to flow into the pressure-resistant container 1 from an inflow port (not shown) and the pressure-resistant container 1 is at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. However, it is necessary to allow a small amount of inert gas to flow in so that the generated fine diamond particle powder does not scatter.
爆薬３を充填するための容器２は、前述のように不活性ガスを満たした状態を保持できる材質及び構造のものが好ましい。材質としては、樹脂、金属、ガラス、セラミック等が挙げられるが、生成したダイヤモンド微粒子を回収する際に分離が容易であるという観点から、樹脂又は金属が好ましい。樹脂としては、特に限定されず、広くどのようなものでも使用することができるが、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ＰＥＴ等が好ましい。金属としては、アルミニウム、ステンレス、銅、金等のものが使用できる。構造としては、容易に破壊される程度の壁厚及び／又は形状を有しているのが好ましく、例えば図２に示すように、箱状（図２（ａ））、カプセル状（図２（ｂ））、袋状（図２（ｃ））等が好ましい。容器の大きさは、作業時にハンドリングしやすい大きさであれば特に限定されない。 The container 2 for filling the explosive 3 is preferably made of a material and a structure capable of maintaining a state filled with an inert gas as described above. Examples of the material include resin, metal, glass, ceramic and the like. From the viewpoint of easy separation when the produced diamond fine particles are collected, resin or metal is preferable. The resin is not particularly limited, and any resin can be used widely, but polyethylene, polypropylene, PET, and the like are preferable. A metal such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, or gold can be used. The structure preferably has a wall thickness and / or shape that can be easily broken. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a box shape (FIG. 2A), a capsule shape (FIG. 2 ( b)), a bag shape (FIG. 2C) and the like are preferable. The size of the container is not particularly limited as long as it is easy to handle during work.
前記耐圧性容器の内部は、酸素を含まない状態又は微量の酸素（１容量％以下）を含んだ状態にするのが好ましい。そのためには、前記耐圧性容器の内部の空気をあらかじめ前述の不活性ガスで置換した状態で１回目の爆発を実施するのが好ましい。不活性ガスで充填する場合、酸素の含有量が１０容量％以下であるのが好ましく、５容量％以下であるのがより好ましく、１容量％以下であるのが最も好ましい。前述したように爆発を複数回連続して行う場合、２回目以降の爆発時にも不活性ガスでの置換を行っても良いが、本発明の方法で爆射を実施する場合は、爆薬は不活性ガスに満たされた容器内に充填されているので、２回目以降の不活性ガスの置換は省略してもかまわない。 The inside of the pressure-resistant container is preferably in a state not containing oxygen or a state containing a small amount of oxygen (1% by volume or less). For this purpose, it is preferable to perform the first explosion in a state where the air inside the pressure-resistant container is previously replaced with the above-described inert gas. When filling with an inert gas, the oxygen content is preferably 10% by volume or less, more preferably 5% by volume or less, and most preferably 1% by volume or less. As described above, when the explosion is continuously performed a plurality of times, the replacement with the inert gas may be performed at the second and subsequent explosions. However, when the explosion is performed by the method of the present invention, no explosive is used. Since the container filled with the active gas is filled, the replacement of the inert gas for the second and subsequent times may be omitted.
前記耐圧性容器は、前記爆薬１ｋｇに対して５〜５００ｍ３の容積を有するのが好ましい。５ｍ３より小さい場合、爆発時に高温高圧になりすぎるため、効率よく熱を発散させることが困難な場合があり、５００ｍ３より大きくなると爆発による生成物を回収するのに手間がかかり収率が低下する。The pressure resistant container preferably has a volume of 5 to 500 m 3 with respect to 1 kg of the explosive. If it is smaller than 5 m 3 , it may be difficult to efficiently dissipate heat because it becomes too hot and high pressure at the time of explosion, and if it exceeds 500 m 3 , it takes time and effort to recover the product from the explosion and the yield decreases. To do.
本発明には、高性能爆薬として知られている公知の有機系爆薬を用いることができる。有機系爆薬としては、トリニトロトルエン（ＴＮＴ）、トリニトロベンゼン（ＴＮＢ）、トリメチレントリニトラミン（ＲＤＸ）、テトラメチレンテトラニトラミン（ＨＭＸ）、テトラニトロメチルアニリン（テトリル）、トリアミノトリニトロベンゼン（ＴＡＴＢ）、ジアミノトリニトロベンゼン（ＤＡＴＢ）、ヘキサニトロスチルベン（ＨＮＳ）、ヘキサニトロアゾベンゼン（ＨＮＡＢ）、ヘキサニトロジフェニルアミン（ＨＮＤＰ）、ピクリン酸、ピクリン酸アンモニウム、ベンゾトリアゾール（ＴＡＣＯＴ）、エチレンジニトラミン（ＥＤＮＡ）、ニトログアニジン（ＮＱ）、ペンタエリスリトールテトラナイトレート（ペンスリット）、ベンゾトリフルオキサン（ＢＴＦ）等が挙げられ、これらを単独又は混合して使用する。特に、ＲＤＸ（６０％）とＴＮＴ（４０％）との混合爆薬であるコンポジションＢ、ＨＭＸ（７５％）とＴＮＴ（２５％）との混合爆薬であるオクトール等を使用するのが好ましい。 In the present invention, known organic explosives known as high performance explosives can be used. Organic explosives include trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrobenzene (TNB), trimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), tetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), tetranitromethylaniline (tetolyl), triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) ), Diaminotrinitrobenzene (DATB), hexanitrostilbene (HNS), hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB), hexanitrodiphenylamine (HNDP), picric acid, ammonium picrate, benzotriazole (TACOT), ethylenedinitramine (EDNA) , Nitroguanidine (NQ), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (pen slit), benzotrifluoroxane (BTF) and the like, and these are used alone or in combination. In particular, it is preferable to use Composition B which is a mixed explosive of RDX (60%) and TNT (40%), octol which is a mixed explosive of HMX (75%) and TNT (25%), and the like.
これらの有機系爆薬は、炭素原子含有率が１５質量％以上、好ましくは２０〜３５質量％、密度が１．５ｇ／ｃｃ以上、好ましくは１．６ｇ／ｃｃ以上、爆速は７０００ｍ／ｓ以上、好ましくは７５００ｍ／ｓ以上であり、酸素バランスが負、好ましくは−０．２〜−０．６であり、爆轟圧が１８ＧＰａ以上、好ましくは２０〜３０ＧＰａ、爆轟温度が３０００Ｋ以上、好ましくは３０００〜４０００Ｋである。そのため、爆薬中の炭素原子を効率よくダイヤモンド微粒子に転換することができ、また酸素バランスが負であることから爆発時にダイヤモンド微粒子が酸化されて収率を低下させることがない。 These organic explosives have a carbon atom content of 15% by mass or more, preferably 20 to 35% by mass, a density of 1.5 g / cc or more, preferably 1.6 g / cc or more, an explosion speed of 7000 m / s or more, Preferably it is 7500 m / s or more, oxygen balance is negative, preferably -0.2 to -0.6, detonation pressure is 18 GPa or more, preferably 20 to 30 GPa, detonation temperature is 3000 K or more, preferably It is 3000-4000K. Therefore, carbon atoms in the explosive can be efficiently converted into diamond fine particles, and since the oxygen balance is negative, the diamond fine particles are not oxidized during the explosion and the yield is not reduced.
有機系爆薬として、ＲＤＸとＴＮＴとの混合物であるコンポジションＢを用いた場合には、溶填により、所望の形状に成型することができる。有機系爆薬として、粉状体の爆薬（例えば、平均粒径が１００μｍ程度のもの）を用いる場合には、高分子等の有機系結合剤と併用することによって、所定形状に成型して用いるのが好ましい。この有機系結合剤としては、コンポジット系推進薬のバインダ成分として知られているポリブタジエン系（ポリブタジエン）、ポリウレタン系（ポリウレタン）、ポリエーテル系（ポリエチレングリコール）等の高分子物質を用いてもよいし、それ自身の燃焼熱が大きなポリマーとして知られているグリシジルアジドポリマー（ＧＡＰ）、ポリニトラトメチルメチルオキタセン、ポリグリシジルナイトレート等、又はワックスを用いてもよい。この有機系結合剤の割合は１〜４０質量％、粉状体の有機系爆薬の割合が６０〜９９質量％程度であるのが好ましい。 When composition B, which is a mixture of RDX and TNT, is used as the organic explosive, it can be molded into a desired shape by melting. When using an explosive in the form of a powder (for example, having an average particle size of about 100 μm) as an organic explosive, it can be used by molding it into a predetermined shape by using it together with an organic binder such as a polymer. Is preferred. As the organic binder, a polymer material such as polybutadiene (polybutadiene), polyurethane (polyurethane), polyether (polyethylene glycol), etc., known as a binder component of a composite propellant may be used. Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), polynitratomethylmethyl octacene, polyglycidyl nitrate, etc., which are known as polymers having high combustion heat, or wax may be used. The ratio of the organic binder is preferably 1 to 40% by mass, and the ratio of the powdered organic explosive is preferably about 60 to 99% by mass.
（２）爆発生成物の精製
回収した爆発生成物は、ナノオーダーサイズのダイヤモンド微粒子の表面をグラファイト系炭素が覆ったコア／シェル構造を有しており、黒く着色している。この未精製のダイヤモンド微粒子は、２．４〜２．６ｇ／ｃｍ３程度の密度を有し、メジアン径（動的光散乱法）は５０〜５００ｎｍ程度である。この未精製のダイヤモンド微粒子を後述の方法で酸化処理することにより、グラファイト系炭素のシェル層を除去し、ダイヤモンド微粒子を得ることができる。酸化処理により精製したダイヤモンド微粒子は、２〜１０ｎｍ程度の一次粒子からなるメジアン径５〜２５０ｎｍ程度の二次粒子である。(2) Purification of explosive product The recovered explosive product has a core / shell structure in which the surface of nano-sized diamond fine particles is covered with graphite-based carbon, and is colored black. The unrefined diamond fine particles have a density of about 2.4 to 2.6 g / cm 3 and a median diameter (dynamic light scattering method) of about 50 to 500 nm. By oxidizing the unpurified diamond fine particles by the method described later, the graphite carbon shell layer can be removed to obtain diamond fine particles. The diamond fine particles purified by the oxidation treatment are secondary particles having a median diameter of about 5 to 250 nm composed of primary particles of about 2 to 10 nm.
未精製のダイヤモンド微粒子の酸化処理方法としては、（ａ）硝酸等の共存下で高温高圧処理する方法（酸化処理Ａ）、（ｂ）水及び／又はアルコールからなる超臨界流体中で処理する方法（酸化処理Ｂ）、（ｃ）水及び／又はアルコールからなる溶媒に酸素を共存させて、前記溶媒の標準沸点以上の温度及び０．１ＭＰａ（ゲージ圧）以上の圧力で処理する方法（酸化処理Ｃ）、又は（ｄ）３８０〜４５０℃で酸素を含む気体により処理する方法（酸化処理Ｄ）が挙げられる。これらの酸化処理は、単独で行ってもよいし、組合せて行っても良い。酸化処理を組合せる場合は、爆射法で得られた未精製のダイヤモンド微粒子にまず酸化処理Ａを施し、さらに酸化処理Ｂ〜Ｃのいずれかを施すのが好ましい。 As an oxidation treatment method for unrefined diamond fine particles, (a) a method of high-temperature and high-pressure treatment in the presence of nitric acid or the like (oxidation treatment A), (b) a method of treatment in a supercritical fluid comprising water and / or alcohol (Oxidation treatment B), (c) A method in which oxygen is allowed to coexist in a solvent comprising water and / or alcohol, and the treatment is performed at a temperature not lower than the normal boiling point of the solvent and a pressure not lower than 0.1 MPa (gauge pressure). C) or (d) A method of treating with a gas containing oxygen at 380 to 450 ° C. (oxidation treatment D). These oxidation treatments may be performed alone or in combination. When the oxidation treatment is combined, it is preferable that the unpurified diamond fine particles obtained by the explosion method are first subjected to the oxidation treatment A and further subjected to any of the oxidation treatments B to C.
爆射法で得られた未精製のダイヤモンド微粒子に酸化処理Ａを施すことによりグラファイト相の一部が除去されたダイヤモンド微粒子（グラファイト‐ダイヤモンド微粒子）が得られ、このグラファイト‐ダイヤモンド微粒子に酸化処理Ｂ〜Ｃのいずれかの処理を施すことにより前記グラファイト層をさらに除去することができる。 Oxidation treatment A is applied to the unrefined diamond fine particles obtained by the explosion method to obtain diamond fine particles from which a part of the graphite phase has been removed (graphite-diamond fine particles). The graphite layer can be further removed by performing any one of the processes of ~ C.
酸化処理したダイヤモンド微粒子の密度は、ダイヤモンド微粒子中のダイヤモンドとグラファイトとの量によって決まる。すなわち、未精製のダイヤモンド微粒子に施す酸化処理の程度によって、ダイヤモンド微粒子中のダイヤモンドとグラファイトとの量を変え、ダイヤモンド微粒子の密度を調節することができる。グラファイト系炭素（グラファイトの密度：２．２５ｇ／ｃｍ３）の残存量が少なくなればなるほどダイヤモンドの密度（３．５０ｇ／ｃｍ３）に近づく。従って、精製度が高くグラファイト系炭素の残存量が少ないほど密度が高くなる。The density of the oxidized diamond fine particles is determined by the amount of diamond and graphite in the diamond fine particles. That is, the density of diamond fine particles can be adjusted by changing the amount of diamond and graphite in the diamond fine particles according to the degree of oxidation treatment performed on the unpurified diamond fine particles. (Density of Graphite: 2.25g / cm 3) graphitic carbon approaches the density of the remaining amount is small, the more an Diamond (3.50g / cm 3). Therefore, the higher the degree of purification and the smaller the residual amount of graphite carbon, the higher the density.
本発明で用いるダイヤモンド微粒子の比重は２．５５ｇ／ｃｍ３（ダイヤモンド２４体積％）以上３．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３（ダイヤモンド９８体積％）であるのが好ましい。３．０ｇ／ｃｍ３（ダイヤモンド８４体積％）以上３．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３（ダイヤモンド９８体積％）以下であるのが最も好ましい。なおダイヤモンド微粒子中のダイヤモンドの体積％は、前記ダイヤモンドの比重３．５０ｇ／ｃｍ３及びグラファイトの比重２．２５ｇ／ｃｍ３を用いて、ダイヤモンド微粒子の比重から算出した。The specific gravity of the diamond fine particles used in the present invention is preferably 2.55 g / cm 3 (diamond 24% by volume) or more and 3.48 g / cm 3 (diamond 98% by volume). Most preferably, it is 3.0 g / cm 3 (diamond 84% by volume) or more and 3.48 g / cm 3 (diamond 98% by volume) or less. The volume% of diamond in the diamond fine particles was calculated from the specific gravity of the diamond fine particles using the specific gravity of the diamond of 3.50 g / cm 3 and the specific gravity of graphite of 2.25 g / cm 3 .
（３）粒子の比重測定法
本発明で用いるダイヤモンド微粒子の真比重は以下の操作により測定できる。
１．試料を比重ビンに入れ、蓋をした状態で秤量し重量を求める。
２．蒸留水を試料の少し上位まで入れ、煮沸法で気泡を完全に除去する。
３．２５℃蒸留水を入れ、恒温槽（２５℃）に１０分間入れて、基線まで満たす。
４．恒温槽から比重ビンを取り出し、外側の水分を良く拭き取った後秤量し重量を測る。
５．比重ビンをよく洗浄し、２５℃の蒸留水のみを入れ、恒温槽（２５℃）に１０分間入れて、基線まで満たし、４と同様に重量を測定する。
６．上記操作で得た値から以下の式（１）により真比重ρを求める。
ρ＝［（Ｗ―Ｐ）・ｄｗ］／［（Ｗ１―Ｐ）−（Ｗ２―Ｐ）］ ・・・（１）
（ここで、Ｗ：比重ビン＋試料の重量、
Ｗ１：比重ビンに蒸留水のみを満たしたときの重量、
Ｗ２：比重ビンに試料と蒸留水を満たし、完全に気泡を満たした（空気を除いた）時の重量、
Ｐ：比重ビンの重量、及び
ｄｗ：測定時の温度における水の比重である。）(3) Particle Specific Gravity Measurement Method The true specific gravity of the diamond fine particles used in the present invention can be measured by the following operation.
1. Place the sample in a specific gravity bottle and weigh it with the lid on to determine the weight.
2. Add distilled water to the top of the sample and remove bubbles completely by boiling.
3. Add distilled water at 25 ° C., put in a thermostatic bath (25 ° C.) for 10 minutes, and fill to the baseline.
4). Take out the specific gravity bottle from the thermostatic bath, wipe off the moisture on the outside well, weigh and weigh.
5. Thoroughly wash the specific gravity bottle, put only distilled water at 25 ° C., put it in a constant temperature bath (25 ° C.) for 10 minutes, fill up to the baseline, and measure the weight in the same way as 4.
6). From the value obtained by the above operation, the true specific gravity ρ is obtained by the following equation (1).
ρ = [(W−P) · dw] / [(W1−P) − (W2−P)] (1)
(W: specific gravity bin + sample weight,
W1: Weight when specific gravity bottle is filled only with distilled water,
W2: Weight when the specific gravity bottle is filled with the sample and distilled water and completely filled with air bubbles (excluding air),
P: weight of specific gravity bottle, and dw: specific gravity of water at the temperature at the time of measurement. )
本発明は高濃度で水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法であって、上述のダイヤモンド微粒子を不活性ガス雰囲気、特に窒素、アルゴン、炭酸ガス、及びアルゴンと水素の組合せた不活性ガス雰囲気下で７００〜９００℃の範囲で熱処理を施すことにより水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子が得られる。熱処理温度が７５０〜８５０℃の範囲で施すことで、より高濃度で水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子が得られる。 The present invention is a method for producing diamond fine particles having a high concentration and excellent water dispersibility, wherein the diamond fine particles are treated with an inert gas atmosphere, particularly nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and an inert gas atmosphere in which argon and hydrogen are combined. Diamond fine particles having excellent water dispersibility can be obtained by performing heat treatment in the range of 700 to 900 ° C. below. By performing the heat treatment at a temperature in the range of 750 to 850 ° C., diamond fine particles having a higher concentration and excellent water dispersibility can be obtained.
上記温度範囲での熱処理時間は、３０分以上、好ましくは４５分以上実施するのが好ましい。熱処理時間の上限は特に限定されないが、６時間程度で、処理時間と効果の関係から２時間程度が好ましい。 The heat treatment time in the above temperature range is preferably 30 minutes or longer, preferably 45 minutes or longer. The upper limit of the heat treatment time is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 6 hours, and preferably about 2 hours from the relationship between the treatment time and the effect.
上記温度範囲、熱処理時間で得られたダイヤモンド微粒子が、２．５５〜３．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３の比重を有する事が好ましい。ダイヤモンド微粒子の比重が２．５５ｇ／ｃｍ３未満、すなわち酸化処理を行わない場合であっても、その表面にカルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、水酸基等の官能基を有しているが、さらに酸化処理を施すことによって、それらの数を増加させることができるが、相対的にダイヤモンドの占める量が少ないので、硬度、優れた熱伝導率、大きな屈折率と言ったダイヤモンドの有する優れた特性が失われる。また過剰に酸化処理を施した場合、ダイヤモンド微粒子のシェル部分のグラファイト系炭素がほとんど除去されるため、逆にカルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、水酸基等の官能基が少なくなってしまう。その結果、水、アルコール等の親水的な溶剤への分散性が低下することがあるので、比重は３．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３を越えない程度であるのが好ましい。また必要に応じて水への分散性を高める効果を有する官能基−ＯＨ，−ＣＯＯＨ等で表面修飾を行うのが好ましい。なおダイヤモンド微粒子中のダイヤモンドの体積％は、ダイヤモンドの比重３．５０ｇ／ｃｍ３及びグラファイトの比重２．２５ｇ／ｃｍ３を用いて、ダイヤモンド微粒子の比重から算出した値である。The diamond fine particles obtained in the above temperature range and heat treatment time preferably have a specific gravity of 2.55 to 3.48 g / cm 3 . Even if the specific gravity of the diamond fine particles is less than 2.55 g / cm 3 , that is, when oxidation treatment is not performed, the surface has functional groups such as carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, and hydroxyl groups. The number of diamonds can be increased, but the relatively small amount of diamond occupies the diamond, so the excellent properties of diamond such as hardness, excellent thermal conductivity, and large refractive index are lost. . Further, when the oxidation treatment is excessively performed, the graphite-based carbon in the shell portion of the diamond fine particles is almost removed, so that the functional groups such as carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group, and hydroxyl group are decreased. As a result, the dispersibility in hydrophilic solvents such as water and alcohol may be lowered, so that the specific gravity is preferably not more than 3.48 g / cm 3 . Further, it is preferable to perform surface modification with a functional group —OH, —COOH or the like having an effect of enhancing the dispersibility in water as required. The volume percent of diamond in the diamond fine particles is a value calculated from the specific gravity of the diamond fine particles using a specific gravity of diamond of 3.50 g / cm 3 and a specific gravity of graphite of 2.25 g / cm 3 .
このようにして得られるダイヤモンド微粒子水分散液のゼータ電位が２０ｍＶ以上になる。上限は特に限定されないが、５０ｍＶ程度である。ダイヤモンド微粒子水分散液のゼータ電位がプラスで大きければ大きい程水分散性が良い。 The zeta potential of the diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion thus obtained is 20 mV or more. The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is about 50 mV. The higher the zeta potential of the diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion is plus, the better the water dispersibility.
その理由は次のように考えられる。すなわち、ゼータ電位は界面の性質を評価する上で重要な値で、特にコロイドの分散・凝集性、相互作用、表面改質を評価する上での指標となる。コロイド粒子は構成分子／原子間のファンデルワールス力を総和した引力を持ち、これは常にコロイド粒子を凝集させようとする作用を与える。一方、コロイド粒子は溶媒中で対イオンによる電気二重層まとっており、粒子同士がある程度接近すると互いの二重層が重なり、浸透圧による斥力が生じる。この斥力が粒子間ファンデルワールス力に打ち勝てば、コロイド粒子が分散することによると考えられる。 The reason is considered as follows. That is, the zeta potential is an important value for evaluating the properties of the interface, and is particularly an index for evaluating the dispersibility / aggregation property, interaction, and surface modification of the colloid. The colloidal particles have an attractive force that is the sum of van der Waals forces between constituent molecules / atoms, which always acts to aggregate the colloidal particles. On the other hand, colloidal particles are formed into an electric double layer by counter ions in a solvent, and when the particles approach each other to some extent, the double layers overlap each other and repulsive force due to osmotic pressure occurs. If this repulsive force overcomes the van der Waals force between particles, it is considered that colloidal particles are dispersed.
本発明の水分散性に優れたダイヤモンド微粒子の製造方法は、ダイヤモンド微粒子の水への分散が高濃度で非常に良好で、このダイヤモンド微粒子水分散体を使用した研磨用スラリーは分散性が良く研摩効率、生産性に優れていて、ダイヤモンド微粒子の使用量が少なく、傷の発生量も劇的に減少するという特徴を有する。また繊維及びフイルム表面等に、凝集の少ないダイヤモンド微粒子を均一に塗布して、優れた硬度や耐摩耗性を与える繊維及びフイルムを提供することができる。 The method for producing diamond fine particles having excellent water dispersibility according to the present invention has a very good dispersion of diamond fine particles in water, and the slurry for polishing using this diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion has good dispersibility and polishing. It is excellent in efficiency and productivity, has a feature that the amount of diamond fine particles used is small, and the amount of scratches is dramatically reduced. Further, it is possible to provide a fiber and a film that give excellent hardness and wear resistance by uniformly applying diamond fine particles with little aggregation to the surface of the fiber and the film.
本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はそれらに限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
実施例１
（１）ダイヤモンド微粒子の作製
ＴＮＴ（トリニトロトルエン）とＲＤＸ（シクロトリメチレントリニトロアミン）を６０／４０の比で含む０．６５ｋｇの爆発物を３ｍ３の爆発チャンバー内で爆発させて生成するＢＤを保存するための雰囲気を形成した後、同様の条件で２回目の爆発を起こしＢＤを合成した。爆発生成物が膨張し熱平衡に達した後、１５ｍｍの断面を有する超音速ラバルノズルを通して３５秒間ガス混合物をチャンバーより流出させた。チャンバー壁との熱交換及びガスにより行われた仕事（断熱膨張及び気化）のため、生成物の冷却速度は２８０℃／分であった。サイクロンで捕獲した生成物（黒色の粉末、ＢＤ）の比重は２．５５ｇ／ｃｍ３、メジアン径（動的光散乱法）は２２０ｎｍであった。このＢＤは比重から計算して、７６体積％のグラファイト系炭素と２４体積％のダイヤモンド微粒子からなっていると推定された。Example 1
(1) Production of diamond fine particles BD produced by detonating 0.65 kg of explosives containing TNT (trinitrotoluene) and RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitroamine) at a ratio of 60/40 in a 3 m 3 explosion chamber. After forming an atmosphere for storing the BD, a second explosion occurred under the same conditions to synthesize BD. After the explosion product expanded and reached thermal equilibrium, the gas mixture was allowed to flow out of the chamber for 35 seconds through a supersonic Laval nozzle having a 15 mm cross section. Due to the heat exchange with the chamber walls and the work done by the gas (adiabatic expansion and vaporization), the product cooling rate was 280 ° C./min. The specific gravity of the product (black powder, BD) captured by the cyclone was 2.55 g / cm 3 , and the median diameter (dynamic light scattering method) was 220 nm. This BD was calculated from specific gravity, and was estimated to be composed of 76% by volume of graphite-based carbon and 24% by volume of diamond fine particles.
このＢＤを６０質量％硝酸水溶液と混合し、１６０℃、１４気圧、２０分の条件で酸化性分解処理を行った後、１３０℃、１３気圧、１時間で酸化性エッチング処理を行った。酸化性エッチング処理により、ＢＤからグラファイトが一部除去された粒子が得られた。この粒子を、アンモニアを用いて、２１０℃、２０気圧、２０分還流し中和処理した後、自然沈降させデカンテーションにより３５質量％硝酸での洗浄を行い、さらにデカンテーションにより３回水洗し、遠心分離により脱水し、１２０℃で加熱乾燥し、グラファイト相を有するダイヤモンド微粒子の粉末を得た。このダイヤモンド微粒子の粉末の比重は３．３８ｇ／ｃｍ３であり、メジアン径は５．５μｍ（動的光散乱法）であった。比重から計算して、９０体積％のダイヤモンドと１０体積％のグラファイト系炭素からなっていると推定された。This BD was mixed with a 60% by mass nitric acid aqueous solution and subjected to an oxidative decomposition treatment under the conditions of 160 ° C., 14 atm and 20 minutes. Particles from which graphite was partially removed from BD were obtained by oxidative etching treatment. The particles were refluxed with ammonia at 210 ° C., 20 atm for 20 minutes, neutralized, then naturally settled, washed with 35 mass% nitric acid by decantation, and further washed with water three times by decantation. The powder was dehydrated by centrifugation and heat-dried at 120 ° C. to obtain diamond fine particle powder having a graphite phase. The specific gravity of the diamond fine particle powder was 3.38 g / cm 3 , and the median diameter was 5.5 μm (dynamic light scattering method). Calculated from the specific gravity, it was estimated to be composed of 90% by volume of diamond and 10% by volume of graphite-based carbon.
（２）窒素ガス雰囲気下での熱処理
得られたダイヤモンド微粒子の粉末を容器に各１ｇ、７本取り、窒素ガスを毎分１リットル流しながら、６００，７００，７５０，８００，８５０，９００，１０００℃の各温度で３時間、加熱処理した。比較のため未処理品も入れた。この窒素雰囲気下で加熱処理したダイヤモンド微粒子粉末及びダイヤモンド微粒子未処理粉末を、蒸留水に３，７，１０重量％添加し、２８ＫＨｚ、３０分超音波にかけて分散し、ダイヤモンド微粒子粉末の沈降状態を追跡した。その結果、上記濃度で、６００℃及び１０００℃で加熱処理したもの、及び未処理品は６０分で全てのダイヤモンド微粒子が沈殿した。これに対し、７００℃と９００℃で加熱処理したものは、６０分経過後、分散液の上端が僅かに希薄化したが、沈殿は見られなかった。７５０，８００，８５０℃で加熱処理したものは６０分経過後も殆ど沈殿せず、きれいに分散していた。特に８００℃で加熱処理したものは均一に分散しており、沈殿は見られなかった。この評価結果を表１に示す。(2) Heat treatment under nitrogen gas atmosphere Each of the obtained diamond fine particle powders, 1 g, 7 pieces, was taken into a container and nitrogen gas was allowed to flow at 1 liter per minute, while 600, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 1000 Heat treatment was carried out at each temperature of 3 ° C. for 3 hours. Untreated products were also included for comparison. The diamond fine particle powder and the diamond fine particle untreated powder heat-treated in a nitrogen atmosphere are added to distilled water at 3, 7, and 10% by weight and dispersed by applying ultrasonic waves at 28 KHz for 30 minutes, and the sedimentation state of the diamond fine particle powder is traced. did. As a result, all the diamond fine particles were precipitated in 60 minutes in the heat treatment at 600 ° C. and 1000 ° C. and the untreated product at the above concentrations. In contrast, in the case of heat treatment at 700 ° C. and 900 ° C., the upper end of the dispersion was slightly diluted after 60 minutes, but no precipitation was observed. Those heat-treated at 750, 800, and 850 ° C. were hardly precipitated even after 60 minutes and were neatly dispersed. In particular, the heat treatment at 800 ° C. was uniformly dispersed and no precipitation was observed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
なお、ＢＤを酸化処理した比重は３．３８ｇ／ｃｍ３であり、メジアン径は５．５μｍ（動的光散乱法）、ダイヤモンド微粒子の粉末（比重から計算して、９０体積％のダイヤモンドと１０体積％のグラファイト系炭素からなると推定）を容器に各１ｇ、３本取り、窒素ガスを毎分１リットル流しながら、６００，８００，１０００℃の各温度で３時間、加熱処理した。比較のため加熱未処理品も入れた。この窒素雰囲気下で加熱処理したダイヤモンド微粒子粉末及びダイヤモンド微粒子加熱未処理粉末を、蒸留水に７重量％試験管に添加し、２８ＫＨｚ、３０分超音波にかけて分散し、ダイヤモンド微粒子粉末の沈降状態を追跡した。超音波で分散した直後のダイヤモンド微粒子水分散液の分散上端の位置の変化をもって沈降速度の目安とした。数値が小さいほど沈降速度が速い事を意味する。この結果より８００℃の窒素雰囲気下で加熱処理したダイヤモンド微粒子粉末の水分散性が極めて良いことが理解される。その結果を表２に示す。The specific gravity of the oxidized BD was 3.38 g / cm 3 , the median diameter was 5.5 μm (dynamic light scattering method), diamond fine particle powder (calculated from the specific gravity, 10% by volume of diamond and 10% (Estimated to be composed of volume% graphite-based carbon) 3 g were taken into a container, and heat-treated at 600, 800, and 1000 ° C. for 3 hours while flowing 1 liter of nitrogen gas per minute. A non-heated product was also included for comparison. The diamond fine particle powder heat-treated under the nitrogen atmosphere and the diamond fine particle heated untreated powder are added to distilled water at 7 wt% in a test tube, and dispersed by applying ultrasonic waves at 28 KHz for 30 minutes to track the sedimentation state of the diamond fine particle powder. did. The change in the position of the dispersion upper end of the diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion immediately after being dispersed by ultrasonic waves was used as a measure of the sedimentation speed. The smaller the value, the faster the sedimentation speed. From this result, it is understood that the water dispersibility of the diamond fine particle powder heat-treated in a nitrogen atmosphere at 800 ° C. is very good. The results are shown in Table 2.
実施例２
（３）窒素ガス以外の不活性ガス雰囲気下での熱処理
実施例１で使用の精製ダイヤモンド微粒子を使用して、不活性ガスとして、窒素ガスに代えてアルゴン、炭酸ガス、及びアルゴンと水素の組合せにした以外全く同じ条件で加熱処理して、蒸留水に添加して、ダイヤモンド微粒子粉末の沈降状態を追跡したが、同じ結果が得られた。Example 2
(3) Heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere other than nitrogen gas Using the refined diamond fine particles used in Example 1, argon, carbon dioxide, and a combination of argon and hydrogen as the inert gas instead of nitrogen gas Heat treatment was carried out under exactly the same conditions except that the sample was added to distilled water, and the sedimentation state of the diamond fine particle powder was followed. The same result was obtained.
実施例３
（４）精製条件を変えた密度の異なるダイヤモンド微粒子の熱処理
実施例１で作製のダイヤモンド微粒子生成物（黒色の粉末、ＢＤ）の比重は２．５５ｇ／ｃｍ３、メジアン径（動的光散乱法）は２２０ｎｍであった。このＢＤをジルコニアを用いて粉砕し、メジアン径５０ｎｍのＢＤを得た。このメジアン径５０ｎｍ、比重２．５５ｇ／ｃｍ３のＢＤと、このＢＤを酸化性分解処理を行って得た、比重３．０、３．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３の試料を得た。比重は２．５５ｇ／ｃｍ３、メジアン径（動的光散乱法）５０ｎｍのダイヤモンド微粒子は、比重から計算して、７６体積％のグラファイト系炭素と２４体積％のダイヤモンドからなっていると推定される。同様に、比重３．０の試料は、１６体積％のグラファイト系炭素と８４体積％のダイヤモンドからなっており、比重３．４８ｇ／ｃｍ３の試料は、２体積％のグラファイト系炭素と９８体積％のダイヤモンドからなっていると推定される。Example 3
(4) Heat treatment of diamond fine particles having different densities with different purification conditions The specific gravity of the diamond fine particle product (black powder, BD) produced in Example 1 is 2.55 g / cm 3 , and the median diameter (dynamic light scattering method) ) Was 220 nm. This BD was pulverized using zirconia to obtain a BD having a median diameter of 50 nm. The median size 50 nm, and BD specific gravity 2.55 g / cm 3, the BD obtained by performing oxidative decomposition treatment, to obtain a sample of a specific gravity 3.0,3.48g / cm 3. Diamond particles with a specific gravity of 2.55 g / cm 3 and a median diameter (dynamic light scattering method) of 50 nm are estimated to be composed of 76% by volume of graphite-based carbon and 24% by volume of diamond, as calculated from the specific gravity. The Similarly, a sample with a specific gravity of 3.0 consists of 16% by volume of graphite-based carbon and 84% by volume of diamond, and a sample with a specific gravity of 3.48 g / cm 3 has 2% by volume of graphite-based carbon and 98% by volume. % Diamonds
得られた密度の異なったダイヤモンド微粒子の各々の粉末を容器に各１ｇ、各７本（合計２１本）取り、窒素ガスを毎分１リットル流しながら、６００，７００，７５０，８００，８５０，９００，１０００℃の各温度で３時間、加熱処理した。比較のため加熱未処理品（３本）も入れた。この窒素雰囲気下で加熱処理したダイヤモンド微粒子及びダイヤモンド微粒子未処理粉末を、蒸留水に５重量％添加し、２８ＫＨｚ、３０分超音波にかけて分散し、６０分後のダイヤモンド微粒子水分散液の沈降状態を追跡した。その結果、上記密度のものは、上記濃度で、６００℃及び１０００℃で加熱処理したもの、及び未処理品は６０分で全てのダイヤモンド微粒子が沈殿した。これに対し、７００℃と９００℃で加熱処理したものは、６０分経過後、分散液の上端が僅かに希薄化したが、沈殿は見られなかった。７５０，８００，８５０℃で加熱処理したものは６０分経過後も殆ど沈殿せず、きれいに分散していた。特に８００℃で加熱処理したものは均一に分散しており、沈殿は見られなかった。この評価結果を表２に示す。 1 g of each of the obtained fine particles of diamond fine particles having different densities and 7 (each 21 in total) are taken into a container, and while flowing nitrogen gas at 1 liter per minute, 600, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900 , And heat treatment at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours. A non-heated product (3 pieces) was also added for comparison. 5% by weight of diamond fine particles and diamond fine particle untreated powder heat-treated in this nitrogen atmosphere are added to distilled water and dispersed by applying ultrasonic waves at 28 KHz for 30 minutes, and the sedimentation state of the diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion after 60 minutes is observed. Tracked. As a result, all the diamond fine particles were precipitated in 60 minutes in the above-mentioned density, which were heat-treated at 600 ° C. and 1000 ° C., and in the untreated product. In contrast, in the case of heat treatment at 700 ° C. and 900 ° C., the upper end of the dispersion was slightly diluted after 60 minutes, but no precipitation was observed. Those heat-treated at 750, 800, and 850 ° C. were hardly precipitated even after 60 minutes and were neatly dispersed. In particular, the heat treatment at 800 ° C. was uniformly dispersed and no precipitation was observed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
実施例４
（５）ゼータ―電位の異なったダイヤモンド微粒子の水分散性
実施例１で作製のダイヤモンド微粒子生成物（黒色の粉末、ＢＤ）の比重は２．５５ｇ／ｃｍ３、メジアン径（動的光散乱法）は２２０ｎｍであった。このＢＤをジルコニアを用いて粉砕し、メジアン径５０ｎｍのＢＤを得た。このメジアン径５０ｎｍ、比重２．５５ｇ／ｃｍ３のＢＤを酸化性分解処理を行って、比重３．３８ｇ／ｃｍ３の試料を得た。比重が３．３８ｇ／ｃｍ３、メジアン径５０ｎｍのダイヤモンド微粒子は、比重から計算して、１０体積％のグラファイト系炭素と９０体積％のダイヤモンドからなっていると推定される。Example 4
(5) Water dispersibility of diamond fine particles having different zeta potentials The specific gravity of the diamond fine particle product (black powder, BD) produced in Example 1 is 2.55 g / cm 3 , and the median diameter (dynamic light scattering method). ) Was 220 nm. This BD was pulverized using zirconia to obtain a BD having a median diameter of 50 nm. The median size 50 nm, a BD specific gravity 2.55 g / cm 3 performs oxidative decomposition treatment, to obtain a sample having a specific gravity of 3.38 g / cm 3. Diamond fine particles having a specific gravity of 3.38 g / cm 3 and a median diameter of 50 nm are estimated to be composed of 10% by volume of graphite-based carbon and 90% by volume of diamond, as calculated from the specific gravity.
得られたダイヤモンド微粒子の粉末を容器に各１ｇ、各７本取り、窒素ガスを毎分１リットル流しながら、６００，７００，７５０，８００，８５０，９００，１０００℃の各温度で３時間、加熱処理した。比較のため加熱未処理品も入れた。この窒素雰囲気下で加熱処理したダイヤモンド微粒子粉末及びダイヤモンド微粒子未処理粉末を、蒸留水に７重量％添加し、２８ＫＨｚ、３０分超音波をかけて分散し、ダイヤモンド微粒子水分散溶液のゼータ―電位を測定し、６０分後のダイヤモンド微粒子水分散液の沈降状態を追跡した。その結果、上記密度のものは、上記濃度で、６００℃及び１０００℃で加熱処理したもの、及び未処理品は６０分で全てのダイヤモンド微粒子が沈殿した。これに対し、７００℃と９００℃で加熱処理したものは、６０分経過後、分散液の上端が僅かに希薄化したが、沈殿は見られなかった。７５０，８００，８５０℃で加熱処理したものは６０分経過後も殆ど沈殿せず、きれいに分散していた。特に８００℃で加熱処理したものは均一に分散しており、沈殿は見られなかった。この評価結果を表３に示す。以上の結果から、ダイヤモンド微粒子水分散液のゼータ―電位は２０ｍＶ以上であれば、水分散性が良いことが理解される。 Take 1 g of each of the obtained diamond fine particles powder into a container, 7 each, and heat at a temperature of 600, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 1000 ° C. for 3 hours while flowing 1 liter of nitrogen gas per minute. Processed. A non-heated product was also included for comparison. The diamond fine particle powder and the diamond fine particle untreated powder heat-treated in this nitrogen atmosphere are added to distilled water at 7 wt%, and dispersed by applying ultrasonic waves at 28 KHz for 30 minutes. Measurements were made, and the sedimentation state of the diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion after 60 minutes was followed. As a result, all the diamond fine particles were precipitated in 60 minutes in the above-mentioned density, which were heat-treated at 600 ° C. and 1000 ° C., and in the untreated product. In contrast, in the case of heat treatment at 700 ° C. and 900 ° C., the upper end of the dispersion was slightly diluted after 60 minutes, but no precipitation was observed. Those heat-treated at 750, 800, and 850 ° C. were hardly precipitated even after 60 minutes and were neatly dispersed. In particular, the heat treatment at 800 ° C. was uniformly dispersed and no precipitation was observed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. From the above results, it is understood that the water dispersibility is good when the zeta potential of the diamond fine particle aqueous dispersion is 20 mV or more.
図１に、ダイヤモンド粒子の製造工程の一例を示す。爆薬３は、容器２に充填した状態で、耐圧性容器１の内部に吊材４で吊設して設置する。なお耐圧性容器１の上蓋７とノズル５を併せて記載した。
図２に、図１の容器２に爆薬を装填する容器２の形状の１例を示す。図２（ａ）は箱状、図２（ｂ）はカプセル状、図２（ｃ）は袋状の形状を示す。In FIG. 1, an example of the manufacturing process of a diamond particle is shown. The explosive 3 is installed in a state where it is filled in the container 2 by suspending it with a suspension material 4 inside the pressure-resistant container 1. In addition, the upper lid 7 and the
FIG. 2 shows an example of the shape of the container 2 in which the explosive is loaded into the container 2 of FIG. 2A shows a box shape, FIG. 2B shows a capsule shape, and FIG. 2C shows a bag shape.
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