JP2015051680A - Vehicular air conditioner and control method for the same - Google Patents
Vehicular air conditioner and control method for the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015051680A JP2015051680A JP2013184789A JP2013184789A JP2015051680A JP 2015051680 A JP2015051680 A JP 2015051680A JP 2013184789 A JP2013184789 A JP 2013184789A JP 2013184789 A JP2013184789 A JP 2013184789A JP 2015051680 A JP2015051680 A JP 2015051680A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
- B60H1/039—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant from air leaving the interior of the vehicle, i.e. heat recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、全熱交換器を搭載した車両用空気調和装置、及び、その制御方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner equipped with a total heat exchanger, and a control method therefor.
従来の車両用空気調和装置においては、換気用の外気の熱負荷を低減する目的で、全熱交換器を搭載している車両用空気調和装置が知られている(例えば、特許文献1〜3参照)。
このような全熱交換器は、外気のエンタルピーと車内空気のエンタルピーを比較し、外気を車内に導入した際に熱負荷となる場合には、導入外気と車内からの排気との間で熱交換し、排気からの排熱回収を行って空調装置の外気負荷を低減する省エネルギー効果を奏することができる。また、例えば冷房時に外気のエンタルピーが車内空気のエンタルピーより低い場合には、全熱交換器をバイパスさせ、外気を直接車内に供給することで外気冷房を行い、省エネルギー効果を発揮することも可能である。
In a conventional vehicle air conditioner, a vehicle air conditioner equipped with a total heat exchanger is known for the purpose of reducing the heat load of outside air for ventilation (for example,
Such a total heat exchanger compares the enthalpy of the outside air with the enthalpy of the air inside the vehicle, and when heat is introduced when the outside air is introduced into the vehicle, heat exchange is performed between the introduced outside air and the exhaust from the inside of the vehicle. In addition, it is possible to achieve an energy saving effect of reducing exhaust air load of the air conditioner by performing exhaust heat recovery from the exhaust. For example, if the enthalpy of the outside air is lower than the enthalpy of the inside air during cooling, it is possible to bypass the total heat exchanger and cool the outside air by directly supplying the outside air into the inside of the vehicle. is there.
一般的に鉄道車両は車体の隙間から車内に風やゴミが流入しないように、車内の空気圧力を車外の大気圧よりも上げるように制御されている。車内空気圧力は外気導入ファンと排気ファンの風量の関係で、成り行きで決まっているため、車内圧力を優先してファン制御を行うと車内の換気に必要な外気導入量が確保できなくなるという問題がある。また、車内圧力の維持のため必要以上に外気導入量を増やすと外気負荷が増大して省エネルギー性を損なうという問題がある。 In general, a railway vehicle is controlled so that the air pressure inside the vehicle is higher than the atmospheric pressure outside the vehicle so that wind and dust do not flow into the vehicle through a gap between the vehicle bodies. Since the air pressure inside the vehicle is determined by the relationship between the air flow rate of the outside air introduction fan and the exhaust fan, there is a problem that if the fan control is given priority over the inside pressure, it will not be possible to secure the amount of outside air necessary for ventilation inside the vehicle. is there. Further, if the amount of outside air introduced is increased more than necessary to maintain the pressure inside the vehicle, there is a problem that the outside air load increases and the energy saving performance is impaired.
この発明は、上記のような問題を解決するためになされたものであり、車内の圧力制御を行うと同時に適切な外気導入量を確保し、適正車内空気圧力と省エネルギー性能を両立した車両用空気調和装置、及び、その制御方法を得ることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is designed to solve the above-described problems. The vehicle air that controls the pressure inside the vehicle and at the same time secures an appropriate outside air introduction amount, and achieves both an appropriate inside air pressure and energy saving performance. It aims at obtaining a harmony device and its control method.
本発明に係る車両用空気調和装置は、外気を車内に供給する外気導入ファンと、車内空気を車外に排気する回転数を可変とした排気ファンと、前記外気導入ファンが送風する外気と前記排気ファンが送風する排気とを熱交換する全熱交換器と、車内の空気圧力を検出する車内圧力センサと、車外の空気圧力を検出する車外圧力センサと、を備えた車両用空気調和装置であって、前記車内圧力センサと前記車外圧力センサとの圧力差を算出し、前記車内の空気圧力が前記車外の空気圧力に比べて設定された値だけ大きくなるように、前記排気ファンの回転数を制御する。 An air conditioner for a vehicle according to the present invention includes an outside air introduction fan that supplies outside air to the inside of the vehicle, an exhaust fan that has a variable number of revolutions that exhausts the inside air to the outside of the vehicle, the outside air that is blown by the outside air introduction fan, and the exhaust. A vehicle air conditioner comprising a total heat exchanger for exchanging heat with exhaust air blown by a fan, an in-vehicle pressure sensor for detecting air pressure inside the vehicle, and an outside pressure sensor for detecting air pressure outside the vehicle. Calculating the pressure difference between the vehicle interior pressure sensor and the vehicle exterior pressure sensor, and adjusting the rotational speed of the exhaust fan so that the air pressure inside the vehicle is larger than the air pressure outside the vehicle by a set value. Control.
本発明に係る車両用空気調和装置、及び、その制御方法によれば、車内圧力センサと車外圧力センサとの圧力差に基づいて全熱交換器の排気ファンの回転数を制御するので、必要外気量を確保するとともに車両内外差圧を確保し、車両内への外気やゴミの侵入を阻止することができる。また、全熱交換器で車内空気から排熱回収を行うことで外気負荷を低減し空調装置の省エネルギーにも寄与することが可能となる。 According to the vehicle air conditioner and the control method therefor according to the present invention, the rotational speed of the exhaust fan of the total heat exchanger is controlled based on the pressure difference between the vehicle pressure sensor and the vehicle pressure sensor. In addition to securing the amount, it is possible to secure a differential pressure inside and outside the vehicle, and to prevent outside air and dust from entering the vehicle. Further, exhaust heat recovery from the air inside the vehicle with the total heat exchanger can reduce the external air load and contribute to energy saving of the air conditioner.
実施の形態1.
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る車両用空気調和装置を示す概略図である。
図2は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る車両用空気調和装置内の機器配置及び空気の流れを示す概略図である。
本実施の形態に係る車両用空気調和装置1は、内部に室内熱交換器2と、室内送風ファン3と、外気導入ファン4と、排気ファン5と、全熱交換器6と、室外熱交換器7と、室外送風ファン8と、圧縮機9と、膨張弁17とにより主に構成されている。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a vehicle air conditioner according to
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of equipment and the flow of air in the vehicle air conditioner according to
The
圧縮機9、室内熱交換器2、室外熱交換器7は、冷媒配管で接続され、冷凍サイクル装置を形成している。
全熱交換器6に接続される風路には、外気(OA)を車内に供給する外気導入ファン4と、車内の空気(RA)を車外に排気する排気ファン5が設けられている。
外気導入ファン4と、排気ファン5は、それぞれモータ回転数を制御可能なインバータ回路を備えている。
The
An air passage connected to the
Each of the outside
次に、本実施の形態に係る車両用空気調和装置1の作動について説明する。
車内からの還気(RA)は、室内熱交換器2を通り、熱交換して所定の温湿度に調整され、室内送風ファン3を介して車内に給気(SA)として供給される。
このとき、車内の温度が設定値となるように圧縮機9の回転数、膨張弁(図示しない)の開度、室内送風ファン3の回転数、室外送風ファン8の回転数等が制御装置20により制御される。
Next, the operation of the
Return air (RA) from the inside of the vehicle passes through the
At this time, the
図3は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る制御装置のブロック図である。
制御装置20は、図3に示すように、外気温湿度を検出する外気温湿度センサ12、車両内の乗客数を把握する重量センサ10、車内空気の温湿度を検出する車内温湿度センサ11、車両用空気調和装置1の吸込空気温湿度センサ13などの検知情報により必要空調能力の演算を行い、上記各アクチュエータを制御する。
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the control apparatus according to
As shown in FIG. 3, the
また、全熱交換器6に外気導入ファン4により搬送された外気(OA)は、車内空気からの排気(EA)と熱交換し、車内からの還気(RA)と合流して室内熱交換器2を通り車内に給気(SA)として供給される。
そして、制御装置20は、図3に示すように、重量センサ10、車内の空気圧力を検出する車内圧力センサ14、車外の空気圧力を検出する車外圧力センサ15、導入外気量を検出する外気風量センサ16により後述のように全熱交換器6の外気導入ファン4と排気ファン5とを制御する。
Also, the outside air (OA) conveyed to the
As shown in FIG. 3, the
次に、車両用空気調和装置1の換気機能の制御について説明する。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る車両用空気調和装置の外気導入ファンと排気ファンの制御フロー図である。
全熱交換器6に外気(OA)と車内の空気(RA)をそれぞれ供給する外気導入ファン4と排気ファン5は、まず車両の乗車人数に応じた最低換気量を確保するように回転数制御が行われる。
そこで、制御装置20は、車両に設置した重量センサ10により車両の重量を測定し(ステップ1)、車両あたりの搭乗者の人数を演算する(ステップ2)。
Next, control of the ventilation function of the
FIG. 4 is a control flow diagram of the outside air introduction fan and the exhaust fan of the vehicle air conditioner according to
The outside
Therefore, the
次に、車両あたりの人数から外気導入量を演算する(ステップ3)。
この演算は、車内の二酸化炭素濃度や臭気レベル等の観点から1人あたりの必要外気導入量を設定し(例えば0.5m3/min・人)、人数をかけて算出する。
算出した外気導入量となるような外気導入ファン4の必要回転数をファンの風量特性から算出し、インバーターによるファンモータの回転数制御を行う(ステップ4)。
次に、車両内の空気圧力を車内圧力センサ14で測定するとともに、車両外の空気圧力を車外圧力センサ15で測定し、それらの差圧を演算する(ステップ5)。
Next, the outside air introduction amount is calculated from the number of persons per vehicle (step 3).
This calculation is performed by setting the necessary outside air introduction amount per person (for example, 0.5 m 3 / min · person) and taking the number of people from the viewpoint of the carbon dioxide concentration in the vehicle, the odor level, and the like.
The necessary rotation speed of the outside
Next, the air pressure inside the vehicle is measured by the
そして、制御装置20は、車両内の空気圧力が車両外より所定値(例えば車両外に対して車両内圧力を10Pa高く設定)高くなるように排気ファン5の回転数を制御する(ステップ6)。すなわち、車両内外差圧を測定しながら外気導入ファン4の回転数に対して排気ファン5の回転数を小さくした運転を行う。
Then, the
なお、ステップ3で外気導入量を1人あたりの必要外気量に人数をかけて算出したが、車内の二酸化炭素濃度を二酸化炭素センサで測定し、外気導入量を算出してもよい。
また、ステップ4で外気導入ファン4の必要回転数をファンの風量特性から算出したが、外気風量センサ16を外気導入口の近辺に設置し、算出した外気導入量になるように外気導入ファン4の回転数制御を行うことも可能である。
In
In
このような制御ステップにより全熱交換器6に供給する外気量と排気量を調整することにより、乗車人数に応じた必要外気量を確保するとともに車両内外差圧を確保し、車両内への外気やゴミの侵入を阻止する。そして、全熱交換器6で車内空気から排熱回収を行うことで外気負荷を低減し空調装置の省エネルギーにも寄与することが可能となる。
By adjusting the amount of outside air and the amount of exhaust air supplied to the
実施の形態2.
図5は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る車両用空気調和装置内の機器配置及び空気の流れを示す概略図である。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1に係る外気導入ファン4の設置を取りやめ、室内送風ファン3にて外気を全熱交換器6に導入する構成となっている。
すなわち、室内送風ファン3にて外気導入ファン4の機能を兼用し、車両用空気調和装置1の機器構成を単純化したものである。
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of equipment and the flow of air in the vehicle air conditioner according to
In the present embodiment, the installation of the outside
That is, the
また、車両用空気調和装置1に設けられた外気導入口に外気量調整ダンパー30と外気風量センサ16を設け、車内空気の還気口に還気量調整ダンパー31を設けている。
このように外気量調整ダンパー30と還気量調整ダンパー31、及び外気風量センサ16を設けることで外気導入量と還気量のバランスを制御し、車内に供給される外気導入量を確実に確保する。
In addition, an outside air
Thus, by providing the outside air
本実施の形態の場合、図4におけるステップ4にて、外気量調整ダンパー30と還気量調整ダンパー31とを開度制御し、必要な外気導入量を外気風量センサ16で測定することで外気導入量を確保する。
そして、その他のステップは、実施の形態1と同様の制御を行い、車内の空気圧力制御を行う。
In the case of the present embodiment, in
In the other steps, the same control as that in the first embodiment is performed to control the air pressure in the vehicle.
このような制御ステップにより全熱交換器6に供給する外気量と排気量を調整することにより、実施の形態1と同様に乗車人数に応じた必要外気量を確保するとともに車両内外差圧を確保し、車両内への外気やゴミの侵入を阻止する。そして、全熱交換器6で車内空気から排熱回収を行うことで外気負荷を低減し空調装置の省エネルギーにも寄与することが可能となる。また、外気導入ファン4を設置しないことで車両用空気調和装置1の機器構成を単純化することができる。
By adjusting the amount of outside air and the amount of exhaust supplied to the
実施の形態3.
図6は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る車両用空気調和装置内の機器配置及び空気の流れを示す概略図である。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1に係る排気ファン5の設置を取りやめ、室外送風ファン8にて車内からの排気を全熱交換器6に導入する構成となっている。
すなわち、室外送風ファン8にて排気ファン5の機能を兼用し、車両用空気調和装置1の機器構成を単純化したものである。
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of equipment and the flow of air in the vehicle air conditioner according to
In the present embodiment, the installation of the
That is, the
また、車両用空気調和装置1に設けられた排気口に排気量調整ダンパー32を設けている。
このように排気量調整ダンパー32を設けることで排気量を制御し、車内の空気圧力を確実に制御する。
Further, an exhaust
By providing the exhaust
本実施の形態の場合、図4におけるステップ6にて、排気量調整ダンパー32を開度制御し、車両内の空気圧力が車両外より所定値高くなるように排気量を確保する。
そして、その他のステップは、実施の形態1と同様の制御を行い、車内の空気圧力制御を行う。
In the case of the present embodiment, in
In the other steps, the same control as that in the first embodiment is performed to control the air pressure in the vehicle.
このような制御ステップにより全熱交換器6に供給する外気量と排気量を調整することにより、実施の形態1と同様に乗車人数に応じた必要外気量を確保するとともに車両内外差圧を確保し、車両内への外気やゴミの侵入を阻止する。そして、全熱交換器6で車内空気から排熱回収を行うことで外気負荷を低減し空調装置の省エネルギーにも寄与することが可能となる。また、排気ファン5を設置しないことで車両用空気調和装置1の機器構成を単純化することができる。
By adjusting the amount of outside air and the amount of exhaust supplied to the
1 車両用空気調和装置、2 室内熱交換器、3 室内送風ファン、4 外気導入ファン、5 排気ファン、6 全熱交換器、7 室外熱交換器、8 室外送風ファン、9 圧縮機、10 重量センサ、11 車内温湿度センサ、12 車外温湿度センサ、13 吸込空気温湿度センサ、14 車内圧力センサ、15 車外圧力センサ、16 外気風量センサ、17 膨張弁、20 制御装置、30 外気量調整ダンパー、31 還気量調整ダンパー、32 排気量調整ダンパー。
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (10)
前記車内圧力センサと前記車外圧力センサとの圧力差を算出し、前記車内の空気圧力が前記車外の空気圧力に比べて設定された値だけ大きくなるように、前記排気ファンの回転数を制御することを特徴とする車両用空気調和装置。 An external air introduction fan that supplies outside air to the inside of the vehicle, an exhaust fan that has a variable number of revolutions that exhausts the inside air to the outside of the vehicle, and the outside air that is blown by the outside air introduction fan and the exhaust that is blown by the exhaust fan A vehicle air conditioner comprising: a heat exchanger; an in-vehicle pressure sensor that detects an air pressure inside the vehicle; and an external pressure sensor that detects an air pressure outside the vehicle,
The pressure difference between the vehicle interior pressure sensor and the vehicle exterior pressure sensor is calculated, and the rotational speed of the exhaust fan is controlled so that the air pressure inside the vehicle is increased by a set value compared to the air pressure outside the vehicle. A vehicle air conditioner characterized by the above.
前記車内圧力センサと前記車外圧力センサとの圧力差を算出し、前記車内の空気圧力が前記車外の空気圧力に比べて設定された値だけ大きくなるように、前記排気ファンの回転数を制御することを特徴とする車両用空気調和装置。 An indoor blower fan that joins outside air and vehicle interior air to pass through the indoor heat exchanger and supplies the air to the vehicle interior, an exhaust fan with variable speed for exhausting the vehicle interior air to the outside of the vehicle, and the outside air blown by the room air blower fan And a total heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the exhaust blown by the exhaust fan, an in-vehicle pressure sensor for detecting air pressure inside the vehicle, and an external pressure sensor for detecting air pressure outside the vehicle, A device,
The pressure difference between the vehicle interior pressure sensor and the vehicle exterior pressure sensor is calculated, and the rotational speed of the exhaust fan is controlled so that the air pressure inside the vehicle is increased by a set value compared to the air pressure outside the vehicle. A vehicle air conditioner characterized by the above.
車内の乗車人数または車内の二酸化炭素濃度に基づいて前記外気量調整ダンパーの開度と還気量調整ダンパーの開度とを制御し、導入外気量を変更することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の車両用空気調和装置。 While providing an outside air amount adjustment damper in the air passage taking in the outside air, providing a return air amount adjustment damper in the air passage taking in the vehicle air,
5. The introduced outside air amount is changed by controlling the opening degree of the outside air amount adjusting damper and the opening degree of the return air amount adjusting damper based on the number of passengers in the car or the carbon dioxide concentration in the car. The vehicle air conditioning apparatus described.
前記車内圧力センサと前記車外圧力センサとの圧力差を算出し、前記車内の空気圧力が前記車外の空気圧力に比べて設定された値だけ大きくなるように、前記排気ダンパーの開度を制御することを特徴とする車両用空気調和装置。 An outside air introduction fan that supplies outside air to the inside of the vehicle, an outside air fan that blows outside air to the outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner and exhausts outside air to the outside of the vehicle, outside air that the outside air introduction fan sends and the outside air fan A total heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the exhaust exhausted by the engine, an exhaust damper provided in the air passage for exhausting the vehicle interior air to the exterior of the vehicle, an interior pressure sensor for detecting the interior air pressure, and an exterior air pressure detection A vehicle air conditioner, comprising: a vehicle exterior pressure sensor,
The pressure difference between the vehicle interior pressure sensor and the vehicle exterior pressure sensor is calculated, and the opening degree of the exhaust damper is controlled so that the air pressure inside the vehicle becomes larger than the air pressure outside the vehicle by a set value. A vehicle air conditioner characterized by the above.
前記重量センサにより車両の重量を検出するステップと、
前記検出した車両の重量から乗車人数を算出するステップと、
前記乗車人数から必要外気量を算出するステップと、
前記必要外気量から前記外気導入ファンの回転数を算出し、該回転数で前記外気導入ファンを運転するステップと、
前記車内圧力センサと前記車外圧力センサの検出値の差圧を算出するステップと、
前記差圧が設定値となるように前記排気ファンの回転数を算出し、該回転数で前記排気ファンを運転するステップと、
を有することを特徴とする車両用空気調和装置の制御方法。 An outside air introduction fan having a variable number of revolutions for supplying outside air to the inside of the vehicle, an exhaust fan having a variable number of revolutions for exhausting the inside air to the outside of the vehicle, the outside air blown by the outside air introduction fan, and the exhaust blown by the exhaust fan A vehicle having a total heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the vehicle, an in-vehicle pressure sensor for detecting air pressure inside the vehicle, an external pressure sensor for detecting air pressure outside the vehicle, and a weight sensor for detecting the weight of the vehicle A control method for an air conditioner, comprising:
Detecting the weight of the vehicle by the weight sensor;
Calculating the number of passengers from the detected vehicle weight;
Calculating a required outside air amount from the number of passengers;
Calculating the number of rotations of the outside air introduction fan from the required amount of outside air, and operating the outside air introduction fan at the number of rotations;
Calculating a differential pressure between detection values of the in-vehicle pressure sensor and the out-of-vehicle pressure sensor;
Calculating the rotational speed of the exhaust fan so that the differential pressure becomes a set value, and operating the exhaust fan at the rotational speed;
A control method for an air conditioner for a vehicle, comprising:
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