JP2015047575A - Pelletizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pelletizer which can efficiently produce non-defective products even when producing small pellets.SOLUTION: A flat die type pelletizer 1, according to an embodiment, including a die 20 formed with a large number of pores 25 for pellet molding and rotary rollers 12, 13 press-fitting a material into the pores 25 while crushing the material by rotating in a state of pressure-contacting with the die 20, each of the pores 25 formed in the die 20 includes a compression molding part 251, 252 which compression-molds the material into a rod shape, and a tapered part 254 which is formed on the outlet side of the compression molding part 251, 252 and whose pore diameter becomes slightly larger toward the outlet.

Description

  The present invention relates to a pelletizer for producing fuel pellets used as biomass fuel, raw material pellets used as molding materials, fertilizer pellets used as fertilizer, feed pellets used as feed, etc. In particular, it relates to a flat die type pelletizer.

  In recent years, considering environmental issues, wood pellets such as wood processing scrap, forest residue, pruned branches and bamboo are used to produce fuel pellets and raw material pellets, For example, fertilizer pellets and feed pellets are produced using food processing residues such as soy sauce cake and coffee grounds.

  A pelletizer is used to produce these pellets, and the material put on the die is rotated by rotating the roller while pressing the roller on the die on which a plurality of die pores are formed. 2. Description of the Related Art A flat die type pelletizer has been conventionally provided in which pellets are manufactured by being pressed into die pores while being pulverized.

  For example, in Patent Document 1 below, a predetermined material softened by an extrusion mechanism is mixed and extruded into an indeterminate shape, and the extruded material is introduced onto a die while a roller is in pressure contact with the lower surface side of the die. It is disclosed that the material having passed through the die pores is taken out as pellets.

  In addition, the present inventors provide pelletizers disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 4 below. Patent Document 2 discloses that a bamboo powder pellet made from green bamboo leaves, stems, roots and the like is produced using a flat die type pelletizer, and this bamboo powder pellet is used as livestock feed. Is done.

  Patent Document 3 discloses that a pellet made from corn (including leaves and stems) is produced using a flat die type pelletizer, and the pellet made from corn is a livestock feed. Used as

  Further, Patent Document 4 discloses a flat die type pelletizer provided with two sets of rollers and dies. According to the pelletizer having such a configuration, even a material having a high water content is high. Quality pellets can be produced.

  Thus, by pelletizing with a pelletizer, drying and weight reduction are achieved, and since the size and shape are uniform, transportation and transportation are facilitated. Moreover, it becomes easy to store and handling cost can be reduced significantly. Moreover, there exists an advantage that generation | occurrence | production of dust and an odor can also be suppressed by setting it as the compressed pellet.

JP 2004-17502 A JP 2007-20561 A JP 2008-54562 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-125827

  By the way, pellets of various sizes have been conventionally produced by pelletizers, but in the case of wood pellets, cylindrical pellets with a diameter of 7-10 mm and a length of 10-25 mm are used as fuel for boilers, stoves, etc. It is used.

  Here, in recent years, the demand for smaller size pellets has increased, but the size of the pellets is affected by the size (hole diameter) of the pores formed in the die, so that the pellets can be made smaller. Needs to reduce the diameter of the pores.

  However, if the diameter of the die pores is reduced, the material pressed into the pores by the rollers will be clogged in the pores, and will not come out from the lower surface side, or even if it comes out, it will become a black burnt pellet. It was difficult to efficiently produce high-quality small-sized pellets.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pelletizer capable of efficiently producing a non-defective product even with a small-sized pellet.

  The pelletizer according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a die in which a large number of pores for pellet forming are formed, and by rotating while pressing against the die, the pores of the die while grinding the material In the flat die type pelletizer comprising: a rotary roller press-fitted into the die; the pores formed in the die are formed on the outlet side of the compression molding part, the compression molding part for compressing and molding the material into a rod shape, and the outlet And a tapered portion having a hole diameter slightly increased toward the surface.

  In addition, the pelletizer die according to the present invention is used by being installed in a flat die type pelletizer, and in the pelletizer die in which a large number of pores for pellet forming are formed, the pores formed in the die are: A compression molding portion that compresses the material into a rod shape, and a taper portion that is formed on the outlet side of the compression molding portion and has a hole diameter slightly increased toward the outlet.

  According to the pelletizer according to the present invention, even when small pellets are manufactured, clogging of the dies into the pores can be prevented and the pellets can be efficiently manufactured.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a pelletizer according to an embodiment of the present invention in a partial cross section. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a crushing press-fit portion according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a plan view of a die according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a front view of the die according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a right side view of the die according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the die according to the embodiment of the present invention. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the pore portion of the die according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing the pelletizer according to the present embodiment in a partial cross section. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the crushing press-fit portion according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the pelletizer 1 includes a housing 5, a vertical shaft 7, a crushing press-fit portion 10, a pellet take-out portion 30, a shaft support portion 40, and a drive portion 50. The casing 5 includes a lid 5-1 that covers the upper opening of the crushing press-fitting part 10, a cylindrical first casing 5-2 that covers the periphery of the crushing press-fitting part 10, the pellet extraction part 30, and the shaft support part 40. A cylindrical second casing 5-3 is provided, and a substantially rectangular parallelepiped third casing 5-4 that covers the periphery of the drive unit 50 is provided. The lid 5-1 is merely placed on the first housing 5-2, and the upper opening of the crushing press-fit portion 10 can be easily opened and closed.

  The crushing press-fitting part 10 is a part that functions to form a rod-like material and feed it downward while crushing and compressing the wood-based material introduced from the upper opening, and has a press-fitting roller 11 and a die 20.

  The configuration of the crushing press-fit portion 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the die according to the present embodiment, FIG. 4 is a front view of the die according to the present embodiment, FIG. 5 is a right side view of the die according to the present embodiment, and FIG. It is a bottom view of the dice concerning an embodiment. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the pore portion of the die according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the press-fitting roller 11 includes rotating rollers 12 and 13 located at both ends, and a roller rotating shaft member 15 fixed to the vertical shaft 7. A roller shaft 16 is formed at both ends of the roller rotation shaft member 15, and both the rotation rollers 12 and 13 are rotatably installed around the roller shaft 16 of the roller rotation shaft member 15.

  The roller rotating shaft member 15 is formed with a prismatic through hole extending in the vertical direction at the center. The roller rotation shaft member 15 is fixed to the vertical shaft 7 by the vertical shaft 7 passing through the through hole. Therefore, when the drive unit 50 operates and the vertical shaft 7 rotates, the roller rotation shaft member 15 rotates integrally with the vertical shaft 7 in the horizontal plane around the vertical rotation shaft.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 8, the die 20 has a disk shape, and a shaft hole 21 through which the vertical shaft 7 passes is formed in the center portion of the die 20. Further, notches 23 for preventing the die 20 from rotating around the vertical axis are formed at two locations on the peripheral edge of the die 20.

  The die 20 is formed with a large number of pores 25 arranged side by side on a concentric circumference that is a predetermined distance away from the center thereof. In this embodiment, a large number of pores 25 are arranged on a triple concentric circumference. Is formed. As shown in FIG. 3, the large number of pores 25 formed in the die 20 are formed in an aligned state on the radiation from the center of the die 20.

  The die 20 is installed near the lower end of the first housing 5-2. Further, the shaft hole 21 is formed to have a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the penetrating vertical shaft 7, and even if the vertical shaft 7 rotates, the die 20 fixed to the housing 5 rotates. do not do.

  The vertical positional relationship between the press-fitting roller 11 and the die 20 is such that when the vertical shaft 7 rotates and the press-fitting roller 11 rotates in a horizontal plane, the rotary rollers 12 and 13 are pressed against the upper surface of the die 20 while being in contact with the roller shaft 16. It is a position that rotates around and circulates on the die 20.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the pores 25 of the die 20 are gradually formed from the upper side, which is the inlet, toward the large-diameter part 251 having a large hole diameter, the straight part 252 having a constant hole diameter, and the lower part, where the hole diameter is the outlet. A taper portion 254 is provided. The hole diameter of the straight portion 252 is set according to the diameter of the pellet manufactured by the pelletizer 1, and the diameter of the manufactured pellet is the same as the hole diameter of the straight portion 252. The large diameter portion 251 and the straight portion 252 function as a compression molding portion that is a portion for compression molding the wood-based material.

  Due to the formation of the large diameter portion 251, the upper opening portion of the pore 25 is formed to be slightly wider, and further when the wood-based material press-fitted into the pore 25 from the upper inlet proceeds to the straight portion 252. It is compressed and can be compressed more reliably for pelletization.

  The taper portion 254 has an upper end that is a connection portion with the straight portion 252 and has the same hole diameter as the straight portion 252, but is configured such that the hole diameter slightly increases as it goes downward. In this way, by adopting a shape in which the pores 25 slightly expand downward, the wood-based material that has been pressed into the pores 25 and compressed into a cylindrical shape is clogged by friction inside the pores 25. This prevents the wood material from being burned or burnt, and the compressed wood-based material is satisfactorily taken out from the lower opening.

  The die 20 according to the present embodiment has a diameter of 212 mm and a thickness of 25 mm. The pore 25 has a vertical length of 25 mm, the large-diameter portion 251 has a diameter of 7 mm and a length of 4 mm, and the straight portion 252 has a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 7 mm. The taper portion 254 has a length of 14 mm, and the taper surface is provided below at an inclination angle of 0.5 ° from the vertical so that the hole diameter is widened. Therefore, the hole diameter at the upper end connected to the straight part 252 of the taper portion 254 is 6 mm, and the hole diameter at the lower end is 6.122 mm.

  Note that the shape and size (hole diameter and length) of the pores 25 can be changed as appropriate. In this embodiment, the wood-based material is preferably discharged in order to discharge the wood-based material after being compressed into a rod shape. The taper part formed so that the hole diameter slightly expands toward the outlet of the pore 25 on the lower side, which is the outlet side of the compression molding part (large diameter part 251, straight part 252) that is a part for compression molding 254 may be formed.

  What is necessary is just to change suitably each hole diameter and length of the large diameter part 251, the straight part 252, and the taper part 254 according to the size of the pellet to manufacture. Moreover, the compression molding part formed from the large diameter part 251 and the straight part 252 may be only the straight part 252, or the straight part 252 may be configured such that the hole diameter gradually decreases downward.

  As for the spread inclination angle of the taper surface of the taper portion 254, when the inclination angle is increased to 1 ° or more, the manufactured pellets are soft and easily collapse. On the other hand, when the inclination angle is less than 0.1 °, it is not possible to satisfactorily take out the wood-based material compression-molded as in the prior art without the taper portion, and it is difficult to form the tapered surface below 0.1 °. For this reason, the inclination angle of the taper portion 254 is desirably 0.1 to 1.0 °, and more desirably 0.2 to 0.6 °.

  The pellet take-out unit 30 forms the wood-based material that passes through the pores 25 of the die 20 of the crushing press-fitting unit 10 after being compressed into a rod shape into a pellet having a final shape, and guides it to the outside of the pelletizer 1. It is a functional part. The pellet extraction unit 30 includes a rotary cutter 31, a rotary bottom 33, and a pellet discharge tray 35.

  The rotary cutter 31 has a central portion fixed to the vertical shaft 7, and two thin plate-shaped blade portions extending from the central portion to both sides extend below a region where the pores 25 of the die 20 are formed. ing. The rotary cutter 31 is fixed to the vertical shaft 7 so that the upper end of the blade portion is located at a predetermined distance (for example, about 2 cm) from the lower surface of the die 20.

  When the vertical shaft 7 rotates, the rotary cutter 31 also rotates as a unit, and the blade portion comes into contact with a wooden material that is compressed from the pores 25 of the die 20 and extends downward in a rod shape (columnar shape). . Due to the contact with the blade portion, the rod-shaped woody material is folded from the root, and a pellet having a predetermined length is formed. The cut pellets fall on the rotating bottom 33.

  The rotating bottom 33 has a substantially conical shape in which a through hole for allowing the vertical shaft 7 to pass through is formed at the center, and is fixed integrally to the vertical shaft 7 that passes through the through hole. Therefore, as the vertical shaft 7 rotates, the rotation bottom 33 also rotates around the vertical rotation axis of the vertical shaft 7. Further, since the rotary bottom 33 has a substantially conical shape, the pellets that have been cut and dropped by the rotary cutter 31 roll down the front slope of the rotary bottom 33 toward the peripheral edge of the rotary bottom 33.

  The pellet discharge tray 35 is attached and fixed to the side surface of the second housing 5-3 and functions as a passage for discharging the pellet in the housing 5 to the outside. The bottom plate of the pellet discharge tray 35 is obliquely installed so that one end thereof is fixed to the second housing 5-3 at a portion slightly lower than the peripheral edge of the rotating bottom 33 and the other end side is positioned below. . In addition, the substantially rectangular-shaped opening for pellet discharge is formed in the part in which the pellet discharge tray 35 of the 2nd housing | casing 5-3 is installed.

  The shaft support portion 40 is a portion that functions to rotatably support the vertical shaft 7 driven by the drive portion 50, and includes a bearing. The driving unit 50 is a part that generates a driving force for rotating the vertical shaft 7 and includes a gear motor 51 having a reduction gear. The gear motor 51 operates by being supplied with electric power, thereby rotating the vertical shaft 7 supported near the lower end by the speed reducer around the vertical rotation axis.

  As mentioned above, although the structure of the pelletizer 1 which concerns on this embodiment was demonstrated in detail, the process of manufacturing a pellet with the pelletizer 1 is demonstrated continuously. First, the lid 5-1 of the pelletizer 1 is removed, and the wood-based material is put into the crushing press-fit portion 10.

  Subsequently, in the crushing press-fitting unit 10, a crushing press-fitting step is performed on the wood-based material that has been charged. Specifically, by operating the drive unit 50 and rotating the press-fitting roller 11 in a horizontal plane via the vertical shaft 7, the rotary rollers 12 and 13 pressed against the upper surface of the die 20 are rotated around the roller rotation axis. .

  As a result, the rotating rollers 12 and 13 circulate on the die 20 while being pressed against the die 20, and the wood-based material on the die 20 is sandwiched between the rollers 12 and 13 and the die 20 and pulverized. In a place where the pores 25 are present, the wooden material is pushed into the pores 25 from the upper end inlet while being compressed. The wood-based material pushed into the pores 25 also generates frictional heat due to compression, is strongly solidified in a rod shape in the pores 25 while being dried, and is exposed in a rod shape downward from the lower end outlet of the pores 25.

  Subsequently, in the pellet extracting step, the rod-shaped (columnar) woody material extending from the outlet of the pore 25 of the crushing press-fit portion 10 is cut by the rotation of the rotary cutter 31 of the pellet extracting portion 30 to form pellets. The The formed pellet falls onto the rotating bottom 33.

  As the rotary bottom 33 rotates, the pellets rotating on the peripheral edge of the rotary bottom 33 jump out of the housing 5 when the pellet discharge tray 35 is placed, and the pellets are discharged. Roll down on the bottom plate slope of the plate 35. If a collection box is installed at a position where the pellets roll down, the pellets produced by the pelletizer 1 can be collected.

  As mentioned above, although this embodiment was described in detail, according to this embodiment, in the pore 25 which press-fits the wood type material formed in the die | dye 20, toward the downward direction which is an exit of the wood type material compressed. Since the tapered portion 254 having a slightly enlarged hole diameter is installed, the compressed wood-based material is not clogged in the pore 25 or burnt black even when a small-sized pellet is manufactured. The wood-based material compressed into a rod shape from the lower end side can be discharged well.

  In addition, by installing the taper portion 254, the wood-based material compressed into a rod shape can be discharged well from the pores 25, so that the pellets can be manufactured efficiently and smoothly and the manufacturing speed can be improved. Can do.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, a wood-based material is used as a material, but it goes without saying that other materials such as food residues and plastics, or a mixed material thereof can be used as a material.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pelletizer 5 Case 7 Vertical shaft 10 Grinding press fit part 11 Press fit roller 12, 13 Rotating roller 15 Roller rotating shaft member 16 Roller rotating shaft 20 Die 21 Shaft hole 22 Fixing hole 23 Notch 25 Pore 251 Diameter large part 252 Straight part 254 Taper part 30 Pellet take-out part 31 Rotating cutter 33 Rotating bottom 35 Pellet discharge tray 40 Shaft support part 50 Drive part 51 Gear motor

Claims (4)

A die formed with a large number of pores for pellet molding;
In a flat die type pelletizer comprising: a rotating roller that presses into the pores of the die while crushing the material by rotating while pressing against the die,
The pores formed in the die include a compression molding portion that compresses the material into a rod shape, and a tapered portion that is formed on the outlet side of the compression molding portion and has a hole diameter slightly increased toward the outlet. A pelletizer characterized by that.   The pelletizer according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle of the taper surface of the taper portion is 0.1 to 1.0 °. The compression molding part comprises a straight part that defines the diameter of the pellet to be produced, and a large diameter part having a larger hole diameter than the hole diameter of the straight part formed at the inlet of the pore,
3. The pelletizer according to claim 1, wherein the tapered portion has a hole diameter of a connection portion with the straight portion that is the same as a hole diameter of the straight portion. In pelletizer dies that are installed and used in a flat die type pelletizer and have a large number of pores for pellet molding,
The pores formed in the die include a compression molding portion that compresses the material into a rod shape, and a tapered portion that is formed on the outlet side of the compression molding portion and has a hole diameter slightly increased toward the outlet. A die for a pelletizer.

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