JP2015047099A - Fertilization method for tea plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new fertilization method and a new production method of a perennial crop in which a readily available fertilizer and a slow-release fertilizer are mixed and applied to the perennial crop to be capable of improving yield rate and reducing application rate.SOLUTION: In a fertilization method of a perennial crop cultivated in a ridge of a field, a readily available fertilizer is applied to a soil under tree crown in the ridge, and a slow-release fertilizer including nitrogen is applied to a soil between the ridges. The slow-release fertilizer is provided in which an extraction ratio of nitrogen component for 24 hours is 1-50 mass% when a shaking extraction with ion exchange water is performed at 25°C.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for fertilizing a permanent crop for supplying fertilizer to a permanent crop (also called a perennial crop) such as tea, and a method for producing a permanent crop using such a fertilizer.

  Many perennial crops store the assimilation nutrients made from leaves from autumn to winter and the fertilizer components absorbed from the roots, and use them for the growth of new shoots in the next spring. It is preferable to apply fertilizer so that the growth and activity of roots are vigorous. As described above, regarding fertilization of perennial crops, it is important to perform appropriate fertilization at an appropriate time.

  Among perennial crops, crops that harvest leaves multiple times a year, such as tea, are known to have high fertilizer requirements because nutrients such as nitrogen are taken from the tree by plucking. Therefore, in such a crop, it is common to apply many fertilizers by dividing into many times from 5 to 8 times a year (see Non-Patent Document 1). However, if fertilizer is applied more than necessary, the absorption rate of fertilizer may decrease, the roots may be damaged, the amount of wasted fertilizer such as runaway due to rain may increase, and environmental pollution may occur. Therefore, it is required to reduce the amount of fertilizer without reducing the quality and yield.

  As a method for reducing the amount of fertilizer applied to perennial crops such as tea, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for applying fertilization-controllable granular fertilizer to tea trees as a fertilizer application method for perennial crops typified by tea trees. Characteristic, that is, composed of one or more selected from a coated granular fertilizer composition and / or a chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogen component of the third day under constant conditions at 25 ° C. in water or soil Fertilization control type having characteristics that elution rate or mineralization rate is 10% or less, and 80% elution days or mineralization days in water or soil at a constant temperature of 25 ° C. is 40 to 250 days It has been proposed that fertilizer is applied once a year from the top of the tea tree over a period of several years, and the fertilization-controllable granular fertilizer of 80% or more of the application amount is distributed within the range under the tree crown.

Edited by the Shizuoka Prefectural Tea Industry Council, "New Tea Works Complete Works". October 1, 1988. p165

JP 2010-193790 A

Fertilizers given to perennial crops are classified into fast-acting fertilizers and slow-acting fertilizers depending on the difference in fertilizer effect.
Since fast-acting fertilizers are effective immediately when supplied to the soil, they are not only easy to manage fertilizer, but also have the advantage of being able to increase the yield by supplying them to the soil at a high frequency. In addition to the tendency to give concentration damage to the roots and insufficient rooting, the growth will be temporarily inferior during abnormal weather. The problem was that the production volume was not stable.
On the other hand, slow-release fertilizers are designed so that when they are applied to the soil, the effects appear slowly and the effects last. For this reason, the fertilizer decomposes slowly, so that it is difficult for the roots to cause concentration problems, and it is also an environmentally friendly fertilizer. Moreover, since the fertilization effect lasts long, the type of fertilizer can be selected from the growing period of the crop and the accumulated temperature. On the other hand, since it is effective only when it rains and melts, the fertilizer effect is not only affected by the weather, but not all the fertilizer you give is effective at the time you want to give it, so the flow and fertilization effect are delayed It also has the disadvantage of being inefficient in that respect.

  As described above, the fast-acting fertilizer and the slow-acting fertilizer have advantages and disadvantages, respectively. Recently, there has been a demand for an excellent fertilizing method that combines both of them with the other advantage. And attempts are being made. However, in many previous reports, it was reported that crop yields were higher when only liquid fertilizer was applied as a fast-acting fertilizer than when fertilizing with a combination of fast-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer. Yes. In addition, the fast-acting fertilizer and the slow-acting fertilizer often differ in fertilizer shape, density, moisture, etc., and the fertilization combined with both has the problem of increasing the work burden and cost. The present condition is that the fertilization method which can reduce a fertilizer amount can be reduced while raising a harvesting rate by applying fertilizer combining a quick-acting fertilizer and a slow-acting fertilizer at present.

  Therefore, the present invention relates to a method for fertilizing a perennial crop, a new fertilizing method for a perennial crop, which can reduce the amount of fertilization while increasing the harvest rate by applying fertilizer in combination with a fast-acting fertilizer and a slow-acting fertilizer. And provide production methods.

  The present invention provides a method for fertilizing a perennial crop cultivated in a cocoon in a field, while supplying a fast-acting fertilizer to the soil under the canopy crown while supplying a slow-acting fertilizer containing nitrogen to the soil between the fences, and The slow-acting fertilizer is extracted by shaking at 25 ° C. in addition to ion-exchanged water, and the extraction rate of nitrogen components extracted after 24 hours is 1 to 50% by mass. Suggest a method.

  According to the method for fertilizing a perennial crop proposed by the present invention, fertilization can be reduced while increasing the crop yield by applying fertilizer in combination with a fast-acting fertilizer and a slow-acting fertilizer.

  Next, the present invention will be described based on examples of embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described below.

<This fertilization method>
A method for fertilizing a perennial crop according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present fertilizing method”) is a method for fertilizing a perennial crop that is cultivated in a basket shape in a field. The method is characterized by supplying slow-release fertilizer to the soil between the furrows.
When fast-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer are supplied to the soil in the same place, the fertilizing effect of the slow-acting fertilizer depends on the weather, so even if fast-acting fertilizer is supplied frequently, it is temporary There were problems such as excessive and shortage of fertilizers, and it was easy to put a burden on the roots, and the control of the timing of supplying fast-acting fertilizers was complicated. On the other hand, according to the present fertilization method, such a problem can be solved by supplying the fast-acting fertilizer to the soil under the canopy crown while supplying the slow-acting fertilizer to the soil between the furrows. .

(Target crop)
The crop targeted by this fertilization method may be a perennial crop that is cultivated in a basket shape in the field. Among them, a crop cultivated for the purpose of extracting and drinking plucked leaves and / or processed products thereof is preferable as the object of the present invention. Examples of such perennial crops include tea tree, mulberry, guava, grape, rooibos and the like.
Above all, tea (tea tree) that collects leaves several times a year is a particularly preferred crop as the target of this fertilization method because it is important to grow the tree sufficiently by stretching the roots firmly. is there.

  The tea may be a tea tree cultivated for the purpose of edible picked tea leaves. More preferably, it is a tea tree cultivated for the purpose of extracting the picked tea leaves or processed tea leaves into a liquid and drinking the liquid. Examples include tea plants that cultivate sencha, strawberry tea, gyokuro, oolong tea, black tea, and other teas for beverages.

<Quick-acting fertilizer>
A fast-acting fertilizer is a fertilizer that is effective immediately when supplied to the soil.
For example, in addition to liquid fertilizers (also referred to as liquid fertilizers and liquid fertilizers) that are diluted in water, solid fertilizers that are used as solids such as powder, grains, and pellets include water-soluble chemical fertilizers (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid) Lime, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, chemical fertilizer, etc.) and water-soluble organic fertilizers (animal extracts, plant extracts, amino acids, etc.).

The fertilizer component of the fast-acting fertilizer preferably contains nitrogen, and more preferably contains phosphoric acid and potassium.
Nitrogen is known to contribute to the promotion of the growth of above-ground parts and to improve the growth of leaves and stems. Speaking of tea leaves, it is known that it creates a chlorophyll skeleton and increases the flavor components of tea.
Phosphoric acid is known to promote cell division and promote root elongation.
Potassium is known to increase cold resistance by acting on maintaining the osmotic pressure of cell fluids and carbohydrate metabolism.

  As a fertilizer component of a fast-acting fertilizer, it is preferable to contain other necessary fertilizer components depending on the crop, and it is particularly preferable to include a component that is contained in a large amount in the leaf to be plucked. For example, in the case of tea, there can be mentioned clay (magnesium), sulfur and the like that are contained in large amounts in the sprout.

Among the fast-acting fertilizers, at least the fast-acting fertilizer to be supplied before plucking tea has a nitrogen concentration of 20 ppm to 250 ppm, more preferably 30 ppm to 200 ppm, a phosphoric acid concentration of 1 ppm to 90 ppm, more preferably 10 ppm to 80 ppm, A fertilizer having a potash concentration of 1 ppm to 100 ppm, more preferably 15 ppm to 100 ppm is preferable.
The fast-acting fertilizer containing such components is excellent in that it can efficiently supply the nutrients required for long-term crops, particularly tea.
The above “before at least picking the most tea” assumes a period from one month to two months before picking the most tea until just before picking the most tea.

(Method of supplying fast-acting fertilizer)
It is preferable that the fast-acting fertilizer is supplied at a frequency of 15 times or more in a month when the monthly average soil temperature is 14 ° C. or higher. If the fast-acting fertilizer is supplied at such a frequency, it is possible to efficiently supply a large amount of nutrients required by the crop without depending on environmental factors such as the weather.
From such a point of view, it is preferable that the fast-acting fertilizer is supplied at a frequency of 15 times or more in a month in a month having an average soil temperature of 14 ° C. or more, particularly 20 times or more in a month, and more than 25 times in a month It is preferable to supply it frequently, and it is particularly preferable to supply it daily.

At this time, the fast-acting fertilizer may be supplied a plurality of times in one day. In that case, it is also possible to change a component with a time slot | zone.
The supply amount of the fast-acting fertilizer is preferably 0.1 to 5t / 10a, more preferably 0.4t / 10a or more or 3t / 10a or less.

  On the other hand, a month with an average soil temperature below 14 ° C. may or may not be supplied with fast-acting fertilizer. For example, it may be preferable to supply in February, March, and November as well as in April to October for various reasons.

Further, it is preferable that the fast-acting fertilizer is supplied in the morning, that is, from sunrise to noon in the month where the monthly average soil temperature is less than 25 ° C., and the fast-acting fertilizer is not given in other time zones. By doing in this way, effects, such as improving the absorption efficiency of fertilizer, can be acquired.
On the other hand, in months where the average monthly temperature is 25 ° C or higher, fast-acting fertilizer is supplied in the evening, that is, from 3 hours before sunset to 3 hours after sunset, and no fast-acting fertilizer is given during other times. Is preferred. By doing in this way, effects, such as protection of a fine root, can be acquired.

Regarding the ground temperature, it is preferable to use a ground temperature of 0 cm to 10 cm from the ground surface, and it is even more preferable to use a ground temperature of 0 cm to 5 cm as an index reflecting the growth environment of both the above-ground part and the underground part of the crop.
Moreover, it is preferable to provide a cover, a roof, or the like at the place where the ground temperature is measured so as not to be affected by direct sunlight.
For reference, the monthly average soil temperature in each region from 2010 to 2012 is shown in Table 1 below. At this time, the ground temperature is a measured value of 0 cm from the ground surface.

The fast-acting fertilizer is preferably supplied together with irrigation in order to supply the crop in a form that is easily absorbed. Specifically, it is preferable to connect a system for supplying fast-acting fertilizer to the irrigation supply pipe and supply the fast-acting fertilizer to the soil together with irrigation.
Specifically, examples of the method for supplying fast-acting fertilizer include a drip method, a sprinkler method, a fertilizer spreader method, and a pesticide spreader method.
Among these, a method of supplying by drip is preferable. Compared with sprinklers and other methods of infusion, infusion can not only waste fertilizer at the target location, but also prevent fertilizer from adhering to the collected leaves, simplifying equipment maintenance, etc. It is.

Here, regarding irrigation, for example, in the case of tea, the amount of irrigation at one time is preferably about 0.1 t / 10a to 5 t / 10a, particularly about 0.4 t / 10a to 3 t / 10a.
The frequency of irrigation may be carried out every day, or may be about once every two weeks depending on the time, or of course, an intermediate frequency. In winter, the tea tree is dormant, and the irrigation apparatus may freeze. Therefore, the irrigation may be usually stopped or the irrigation frequency may be reduced.
Therefore, when supplying fast-acting fertilizer together with irrigation, it may be possible to supply fast-acting fertilizer every time it is irrigated, or to supply fast-acting fertilizer together with irrigation when necessary. May be. You may make it change the point according to time.

As a method of supplying the fast-acting fertilizer together with irrigation, it is preferable to dissolve the fast-acting fertilizer in water for irrigation and perform irrigation and liquid fertilizer application simultaneously. However, depending on the irrigation equipment, it is assumed that water and liquid fertilizer are given at the same time, and then only water is given.
Specifically, a irrigation pipe (tube) is placed under the crown of the cocoon, a fast-acting fertilizer supply pipe is connected to the irrigation pipe, a timer is installed, and a necessary amount of fertilizer is irrigated. Examples of facilities that can be supplied simultaneously can be given. By applying to tea plantations with such facilities, it is possible to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied, reduce the environmental burden, and increase the yield.

It is even more preferable that the fast-acting fertilizer is instilled at a rate of 1 to 10 sites per 1 m ² , particularly 2 sites or more or 8 sites or less, particularly 2.5 sites or more or 6 sites or less.

<Slow release fertilizer>
Slow release fertilizers are fertilizers that are designed so that when they are applied to the soil, the effects appear slowly and the effects last. The so-called “slow-acting fertilizer” is also included.
When the slow-release fertilizer is supplied into the soil, it is retained in the soil, mixed with minerals in the soil, and ingested with the mineral when the plant itself is needed. Therefore, it is particularly important to devise the type of slow-release fertilizer and the supply method in order to grow the tree body with the roots firmly stretched. In particular, in fertilizing tea, where leaves are collected multiple times a year, even in perennial crops, a slow-release fertilizer is supplied during the period when the average soil temperature is below 25 ° C before the growth of new shoots. It is preferable to keep the roots sufficiently working.

From such a viewpoint, it is preferable to supply the slow-acting fertilizer to the soil between the furrows so that the roots are stretched into the furrows.
And as a component of a slow-acting fertilizer, fertilizer is added to ion-exchanged water and subjected to shaking extraction at 25 ° C., and a fertilizer having an extraction rate of 1 to 50% by mass of a nitrogen component extracted after 24 hours, A slow-acting fertilizer in which the extraction rate of the nitrogen component is 2% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and among them, the extraction rate of the nitrogen component is 10% by mass or more or 30% by mass or less is preferable.
By using slow-release fertilizers that exhibit such slow-release properties, it becomes difficult for the roots to cause concentration problems, and the fertilizer components tend to stay in the soil and the fertilization effect lasts for a long time. Effects such as that the crops themselves can absorb the fertilizer and can use the nutrients in the soil at the time can be obtained.

Examples of slow-release fertilizers include coated granular fertilizers in which granular fertilizers are wrapped with a coating material with small holes, chemically synthesized slow-release fertilizers that are processed into granular components that dissolve and decompose slowly in soil, water Organic fertilizers containing components that are difficult to dissolve in water, and further compost can be mentioned. Moreover, the fertilizer etc. which mixed the inorganic substance and the insoluble raw material, and also the water-soluble raw material can be mentioned. These can be used alone, or two or more of these can be used in combination.
The slow-acting fertilizer may be a liquid fertilizer, but is preferably a solid fertilizer because it may flow out due to rain.

The fertilizer component of the slow-acting fertilizer preferably contains nitrogen, and more preferably contains phosphoric acid and potassium. Moreover, the fertilizer component of slow-acting fertilizer may overlap with the fertilizer component of said rapid-acting fertilizer, and may overlap partially.
Further, at that time, it may be a slow-acting fertilizer in which the effects of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash last on average, or a specific ingredient may be a slow-acting fertilizer lasting for a long time. .
As a fertilizer component of a slow-acting fertilizer, it is preferable to contain other necessary fertilizer components depending on the crop, and it is particularly preferable to contain a component that is contained in a large amount in the tree, adult leaves, and roots. For example, in the case of tea, calcium, bitter earth (magnesium), sulfur and the like can be mentioned.

Moreover, the slow-acting fertilizer may contain the trace component which the said quick-acting fertilizer does not contain.
The fast-acting fertilizer supplies three elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash at a high frequency and in large quantities, so that an inorganic component such as zinc may be insufficient. Especially in the case of tea, it is preferable to improve the tension of the roots and make it easier for crops to use trace components originally in the soil, so inorganic components that are trace elements such as aluminum, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, etc. It is preferable to contain molybdenum and the like. Particularly in tea plants, aluminum is considered to adjust the use of phosphate absorption and promote growth, and is preferably supplied with a slow-release fertilizer.
For example, the slow release fertilizer preferably contains 100 ppm to 10000 ppm of aluminum, more preferably 300 ppm or more or 8000 ppm or less, and more preferably 400 ppm or more or 6000 ppm or less.

(Supply method of slow release fertilizer)
It is preferable to supply the slow-release fertilizer at least once within the period when the roots of early spring begin to work, that is, the period when the monthly average soil temperature is less than 25 ° C, and preferably the monthly average soil temperature is less than 14 ° C. In particular, it is particularly preferable to supply 1 to 4 times.
Specifically, in the Oita region, it is preferable to supply at least once, preferably 1 to 4 times in September to June, where the monthly average soil temperature is less than 25 ° C.

The slow-acting fertilizer does not need to be supplied so frequently from the viewpoint of labor saving and effective fertilization, but on the other hand, during the period when the monthly average soil temperature is less than 25 ° C, By supplying 1 or more times, the roots can be firmly stretched and the roots can work sufficiently before the shoots grow.
In addition, in the month where the monthly average soil temperature is 25 ° C or higher, when giving a slow-release fertilizer, the nitrogen extraction rate from the fertilizer may increase, or the absorption rate of tea fertilizer may decrease due to high temperature. The above-mentioned frequency is also a part of the reason that the amount of the fertilizer given as a flow increases without being used.

  The slow-acting fertilizer is preferably supplied to the soil between the ribs in order to stretch the roots. Further, unlike fast-acting fertilizers, it is preferable to supply them without using special equipment.

<Relationship between fast-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer>
When the nitrogen content in the fast-acting fertilizer applied under the crown is N (ppm), the phosphoric acid content is P (ppm), and the aluminum content in the slow-acting fertilizer applied in the furrow is Al (ppm), N, P and Al preferably satisfy the relationship of the following relational expression (1).
Formula (1) .. 1 ≦ Al ÷ (N + P + 10) <60

The above relational expression (1) shows the balance between the fertilizer component given by the fast-acting fertilizer and the inorganic component given by the slow-acting fertilizer. If the value of Al ÷ (N + P + 10) is 1 or more, the growth of the tree is expressed. On the other hand, if it is 60 or less, the growth of shoots can be sufficiently promoted, and any of them can maintain the quality of tea leaves. Therefore, it is preferable that the slow-release fertilizer component satisfies the above relational expression (1) because the nutrients can be efficiently utilized and absorbed by the tea tree and the nutrients can be firmly accumulated in the tree body.
From this point of view, the value of “Al ÷ (N + P + 10)” in the above formula (1) is more preferably 2 or more and 50 or less, more preferably 3 or more and 40 or less. 4 or more is particularly preferable.
In addition, “+10” of “N + P + 10” in the relational expression (1) is a constant for taking into account the effect of the fertilizer component that is constantly included in the soil.

  The annual supply ratio of fast-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer is as follows. From the viewpoint of increasing the amount of absorption from the roots by appropriately giving tea to nitrogen, fast-acting fertilizer: slow Effective fertilizer = 20: 80 to 90:10, especially 30:70 to 80:20, preferably 40:60 to 70:30.

  With regard to phosphoric acid and potash, from the viewpoint of appropriately absorbing the amount required by the tea tree from the root as needed, fast-acting fertilizer: slow-acting fertilizer = 1: 99 to 100: 0, especially 10:90 to 70: 30, Among them, 20:80 to 60:40 is preferable.

<Tea production method>
While applying this fertilization method, grow tea trees, 2-4 of the most tea (March-May), Nibancha (June-July), Sanbancha (July-August), fall-winter bancha (autumn) Plucking may be performed at intervals and intervals. For example, in Oita Prefecture, the first tea is picked from mid-April to late May. After 45 to 50 days have passed since the first tea is picked, wait for the next bud to grow before starting the second tea. It is usual to pluck and then wait about 3 months until autumn before plucking autumn / winter bancha.

  A series of picked tea leaves are steamed with steam to inactivate (kill blue) the oxidase contained in fresh tea leaves, and then infused and dried with coarse koji, bonito, medium-plumbing, and spirits. After being processed into crude tea through the above process, it may be further processed according to the application.

<Explanation of terms>
In the present invention, “tea” and “tea” are tea (Scientific name: Camellia sinensis) which is a perennial evergreen tree of the camellia family, or tea leaves (having a plurality of leaves and cores) plucked from tea, or processing thereof Product, especially green tea leaves.
Further, in the present invention, when expressed as “X to Y” (X and Y are arbitrary numbers), it means “X or more and Y or less” unless otherwise specified, and “preferably larger than X” or “ The term “preferably smaller than Y” is included. In addition, when expressed as “X or more” (X is an arbitrary number) or “Y or less” (Y is an arbitrary number), it is “preferably greater than X” or “preferably less than Y”. Includes intentions.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described in detail based on the following examples and comparative examples.

<Test 1: Root quantity and vigor by different fertilization methods>
The following drip equipment is used in the Kyushu tea garden (area 30a, ridge width 1.8m, tea tree spacing 0.5m, annual average temperature 15.3 ° C, monthly average ground temperature change 4 ° C to 28 ° C throughout the year) Then, the following liquid fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer) is supplied to the soil under the canopy tree under the following conditions, and solid fertilizer (slow-acting fertilizer) is supplied to the soil between the furrows under the following conditions. An annual cultivation test was conducted to investigate the root mass and tree vigor.

Solid fertilizer (slow release fertilizer) is coated granular fertilizer (content ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)) N14.0: P12.0: K14.0) The 24 hour leaching extraction rate was 1%.
At this time, the “24-hour leaching extraction rate of nitrogen” is obtained by adding 10 g of fertilizer to 100 mL of ion-exchanged water, performing shaking extraction (at 120 times / min) at 25 ° C. in a thermostatic bath, and extracting 24 hours later The extraction rate of nitrogen component was measured. The amount of nitrogen component was measured by the Kjeldahl method. It should be noted that “24-hour leaching extraction rate of nitrogen” in Test 2 and Test 3 described later was also measured in the same manner.
Moreover, it confirmed that content was in the range of 100-10000 ppm of aluminum.
The solid fertilizer was applied once in March (monthly average soil temperature of 9.4 ° C.), 130 kg / 10a in test section 3 and half of that in test section 2.

On the other hand, the supplied liquid fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer) contained ammonium sulfate and primary potassium phosphate (N1.0: P0.5: K0.3).
In addition, liquid fertilizer was applied by diluting in 1 t / day of water every day in the morning from April to October when the monthly average soil temperature was 14 ° C. or higher (density of infusion: 2.8 pieces / day). m ² ).
The dilution of the above liquid fertilizer was applied after adjustment so that the annual nitrogen amount in all the test sections was the same.
In the drip equipment, an irrigation tube is installed along the ridge in the vicinity of the stock on each basin, and a fertilizer storage tank for storing and supplying liquid fertilizer is connected to the irrigation tube, and a daily amount of fertilizer is provided with a timer. Was configured to be supplied simultaneously with irrigation.

(Measurement method of root mass)
Soil the soil from the center of the ridge to the ridge in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the ridge, and investigate the amount of root exposed on the soil section to a depth of 45 cm in 15 cm increments for the center of the ridge and the ridge. The investigator conducted the following 6-level objective survey. About the central part of the ridge and the space between the ridges, the total of the evaluation points given in 15 cm increments was used as the evaluation points for the ridges and the ridges.
0: None 1: Small 2: Slightly small 3: Medium 4: Slightly large 5: Many

(Method of measuring tree vigor)
A five-level objective survey was conducted on the amount and condition of adult leaves before spring twiging by five investigators.
1: Bad 2: Somewhat bad 3: Medium 4: Somewhat good 5: Good

In this table, each evaluation is “x” when the average evaluation score is 1.0 to 2.4, “Δ” when the average evaluation score is 2.5 to 3.9, and 4.0 or more. “○”.
In addition, for the comprehensive evaluation, “◯” indicates that each evaluation is “◯”, “Δ” indicates that one Δ × is included, and “×” indicates that two or more Δ × are included.

(Results and discussion)
It was found that the combined use of liquid fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer) and solid fertilizer (slow-acting fertilizer) improves the rooting of the cultivated crops and improves the growth.
In addition, if fast-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer are supplied to the soil in the same place, the fertilizing effect of the slow-acting fertilizer depends on the weather, so even if fast-acting fertilizer is supplied frequently, In contrast to the problem of excessive and insufficient deficiency of fertilizers, it is easy to place a burden on the roots, while fast-acting fertilizer is supplied to the soil under the canopy, while slow-acting fertilizer is supplied to the soil between the furrows. It turned out that such a problem can be solved by supplying.

<Test 2: Relationship between slow-release fertilizer type and annual yield>
In the Kyushu tea plantation (area 30a, ridge width 1.8m, tea tree interval 0.5m, annual average temperature 15.3 ° C, ground temperature change 4 to 28 ° C throughout the year) In each test zone, liquid fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer) is supplied to the soil under the canopy tree under the following conditions, and solid fertilizers (slow-acting fertilizer or fast-acting as shown in Table 3 below) are supplied to the intercostal soil. Fertilizer) was supplied under the following conditions, and the annual yield per unit area was investigated.

Solid fertilizer (slow-acting fertilizer or fast-acting fertilizer) is coated granular fertilizer (N42.0: P0.0: K0.0) for test section 2 'and organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer for test section 3' Fertilizer (N7.5: P5.0: K4.0), for test plot 4, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combination fertilizer (N11.0: P4.0: K5.0), for test plot 5 ', organic fertilizer And chemical fertilizer blended fertilizer (N13.0: P8.0: K7.0), and test section 6 'was organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer blended fertilizer (N11.0: P4.0: K5.0) .
In addition, the 24-hour leaching extraction rate of nitrogen was as shown in Table 3, and the aluminum content was in the range of 100 to 10,000 ppm.

  For the application of solid fertilizer (slow-acting fertilizer or fast-acting fertilizer), test area 1 'is not applied, and test area 2' is once in March (monthly average ground temperature 9.4 ° C), test area 3 ' And 5 'once in March (monthly average soil temperature 9.4 ° C) and September (monthly average soil temperature 24.9 ° C), respectively, and in test zones 4' and 6 'in March and April (monthly) The average soil temperature was 14.1 ° C.), June (monthly average ground temperature 23.0 ° C.), July (monthly average ground temperature 27.3 ° C.), and September. At that time, with respect to the amount of nitrogen supplied to the test section 6 ′, 35% was applied to the test sections 2 ′ to 4 ′, and 50% was applied to the test section 5 ′. The test section 6 'is a conventional fertilization method at the test site.

On the other hand, the supplied liquid fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer) is the test section 1 ′ and the test sections 3 ′ to 5 ′, ammonium nitrate and potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate (N1.0: P0.3: K0.5). The test group 2 contained ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate (N1.0: P0.7: K1.0).
Application of liquid fertilizer was carried out by diluting in 2t / day of water every day in the morning from April to October when the monthly average soil temperature was 14 ° C or higher (infusion density: 2.8 / m ^2). ).
In addition, dilution of the liquid fertilizer described above is such that the annual nitrogen amount in each test section is 70% in the test section 2 'to 4' and 100% in the test section 5 'with respect to the annual nitrogen amount in the test section 6'. It was applied after adjustment so that the amount of

(Measurement method of yield per unit area)
Based on the test section 6 ', all other operations such as branching and control other than fertilization were performed on the same day as the test section 6'. In addition, the harvest amount was investigated for No. 1 tea, No. 2 tea, and No. 3 tea.
On the day when the test plot 6 ′ was in the proper harvesting period, the shoots in each test plot were cut away from the last branching surface leaving the same length, and the weight of the harvest per unit area was measured.

(Measurement method of total nitrogen content)
The harvested tea leaf sample is dried in a microwave oven until the water content becomes 6% or less, then pulverized, and the total nitrogen (%) is measured with a tea component analyzer (GT-8: Near-infrared diffuse reflection photometry method manufactured by Shizuoka Seiki) did.

In addition, the evaluation of the annual yield in the above table is “X” when the value of the 6 ′ ratio (%) to the test section is 99 or less, “▲” when 100 to 109, “Δ” when 110 to 119, In the case of 120 or more, it was set as “◯”.
The total nitrogen content was evaluated as “x” when the value of the 6 ′ ratio (%) to the test section was 98 or less, “Δ” when 99 to 101, and “◯” when 102 or more.
Regarding the comprehensive evaluation, “◯” indicates that each evaluation is “◯”, “△” indicates that one Δ ▲ × is included, and “×” indicates that two or more Δ ▲ × are included.

(Results and discussion)
When liquid fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer) and solid fertilizer (slow-acting fertilizer) are used in combination, the slow-acting fertilizer has a slow-acting effect with an extraction rate of 1 to 50% by mass of the nitrogen component extracted after 24 hours. It was found that a slow-acting fertilizer exhibiting

<Test 3: Relationship between fast-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer types and No. 1 tea yield>
In the Kyushu tea garden (area 30a, ridge width 1.8m, tea tree interval 0.5m, annual average temperature 15.3 ° C, change in ground temperature 4 to 28 ° C), using the same drip equipment as in Test 1, In each test zone, liquid fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer) is supplied to the soil under the canopy tree under the following conditions, and the solid fertilizer (slow-acting fertilizer or fast-acting fertilizer) shown in Table 4 below is supplied to the intercostal soil as follows: It was supplied under the conditions, and the yield of No. 1 tea per unit area was investigated.

  Solid fertilizer (slow-acting fertilizer or fast-acting fertilizer) is coated granular fertilizer (N42.0: P0.0: K0.0) for test section 2 ″ and 3 ″, and organic for test section 4 ″ Fertilizer and chemical fertilizer compound fertilizer (N7.5: P5.0: K4.0), and test area 5 ″ is organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer compound fertilizer (N11.0: P4.0: K5.0) there were. Further, the 24-hour leaching extraction rate of nitrogen is as shown in Table 4.

  For the application of solid fertilizer (slow-acting fertilizer or fast-acting fertilizer), the test section 1 ″ is not applied, and the test sections 2 ″ and 3 ″ are applied in March (monthly average ground temperature 9.4 ° C.). Once for test zone 4 ″ in March (average monthly temperature 9.4 ° C.) and September (average monthly temperature 24.9 ° C.), for test zone 5 ″ in March and April (Monthly average soil temperature 14.1 ° C.), June (Monthly average soil temperature 23.0 ° C.), July (Monthly average soil temperature 27.3 ° C.) and September. At that time, the amount of 35% was applied to the test sections 2 "to 4" with respect to the nitrogen amount supplied to the test section 5 ".

  On the other hand, in the supplied liquid fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer), the test sections 1 ″ and 4 ″ contain ammonium nitrate, primary phosphate potassium, and potassium sulfate (N1.0: P0.3: K0.5). The test section 2 ″ contains ammonium nitrate and primary potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate (N1.0: P0.5: K0.8), and the test section 3 ″ includes ammonium nitrate and the first It contained potassium phosphate and potassium sulfate (N1.0: P0.7: K1.0).

Application of liquid fertilizer was carried out by diluting in 2t / day of water every day in the morning from April to October when the monthly average soil temperature was 14 ° C or higher (infusion density: 2.8 / m ^2). ).
In addition, the dilution of the above liquid fertilizer is 70% of the test groups 1 '', 3 '' and 4 '' in the test section 1 '', 3 '' and 4 '' with respect to the annual nitrogen amount in the test section 5 '. The ward 2 ″ was applied after adjustment so that the amount would be 100%.

(Measurement method of yield per unit area)
Based on the test section 5 ″, all other operations such as branching and control other than fertilization were performed on the same day as the test section 5 ″. In addition, the yield survey was conducted for No. 1 tea.
On the day when the test plot 5 ″ was suitable for picking, the shoots in each test plot were cut away from the last branching surface, leaving the same length, and the weight of the harvest per unit area was measured. .

(Quality evaluation method)
The harvested tea leaf sample was dried in a microwave oven until the water content became 6% or less, and then 1 g of the pulverized product with a UDY cyclone mill for 20 seconds was weighed and dispersed in 200 cc of hot water. About what was filtered with 80 mesh, the examination of the taste and astringency was performed.
Each examination is conducted by five examiners who have undergone sensory training, taste a dispersion of each tea sample produced, and give a score based on the following evaluation criteria. This was done by calculating.

(Evaluation criteria)
= Taste, astringency =
4 points: particularly strong 3 points: strong 2 points: normal 1 point: weak

The evaluation of No. 1 tea yield in the table was “X” when the value of 5 ″ ratio (%) to the test area was 99 or less, “Δ” when 100 to 109, and “◯” when 110 or more.
Evaluation of No. 1 tea quality is “X” when the value of 5 ″ ratio to the test area is 98 or less, “△” when 99 to 101, “O” when 102 to 104, “◎” when 105 or more. It was.
As for the comprehensive evaluation, each evaluation of “◎” or “◯” is “◯”, one Δ × is included “Δ”, and two or more Δ × is “×”.
“Al ₁ ” (ppm) in the table indicates the aluminum content in the solid fertilizer applied between the bushes, and “N ₁ ” (ppm) indicates the nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer applied under the canopy crown. “P ₁ ” (ppm) indicates the phosphoric acid content in the liquid fertilizer applied under the canopy tree.
At this time, the nitrogen content and the phosphorus content are values calculated from the component values shown in the fertilizer, and the aluminum content was measured by ICP emission analysis after performing microwave wet decomposition using nitric acid. Value.

(Results and discussion)
When liquid fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer) and solid fertilizer (slow-acting fertilizer) are used in combination, the nitrogen content in the fast-acting fertilizer applied under the crown is N (ppm), phosphoric acid content P (ppm), and ridges When the aluminum content in the slow-release fertilizer to be applied is Al (ppm), it is found that it is preferable to apply the fast-acting fertilizer and the slow-acting fertilizer so that 1 ≦ Al ÷ (N + P + 10) <60 It was.

Claims (8)

  In the fertilization method for perennial crops cultivated in a cocoon in the field, a fast-acting fertilizer is supplied to the soil under the canopy canopy, while a slow-acting fertilizer containing nitrogen is supplied to the intercostal soil, and the slow-acting The fertilizer is extracted with shaking at 25 ° C. in addition to ion-exchanged water, and the extraction rate of nitrogen components extracted after 24 hours is 1 to 50 mass%.   The method for fertilizing a perennial crop according to claim 1, wherein the perennial crop is a crop cultivated for the purpose of extracting and drinking plucked leaves and / or processed products thereof.   The method for fertilizing a perennial crop according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the slow-acting fertilizer is a fertilizer containing 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm of aluminum. When the nitrogen content in the fast-acting fertilizer is N (ppm), the phosphoric acid content is P (ppm), and the aluminum content in the slow-acting fertilizer is Al (ppm), N, P, and Al are the following relational expressions: The method of fertilizing a perennial crop according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the relationship (1) is satisfied.
Formula (1) .. 1 ≦ Al ÷ (N + P + 10) <60   The method for fertilizing a perennial crop according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the slow-acting fertilizer is supplied one or more times within a period in which a monthly average soil temperature is less than 25 ° C.   The method for fertilizing a perennial crop according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fast-acting fertilizer is supplied at a frequency of 15 times or more in a month when the monthly average soil temperature is 14 ° C or higher.   Among the fast-acting fertilizers, at least the fast-acting fertilizer supplied before plucking tea is a fertilizer having a nitrogen concentration of 20 ppm to 250 ppm, a phosphoric acid concentration of 1 ppm to 90 ppm, and a potash concentration of 1 ppm to 100 ppm. The method for fertilizing a permanent crop according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A method for producing perennial crops, comprising cultivating perennial crops by the fertilization method according to claim 1.