JP2015045463A - Supply system for particulate matter and combustion device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a supply system for particulate matter having a storage part (hopper) for storing many kinds of particulate matter, capable of accurately estimating properties of the particulate matter in a delivery port of the storage part, and capable of stably operating and controlling a grinder and a combustion device.SOLUTION: A supply system for particulate matter includes: a storage part 2 capable of storing plural kinds of particulate matter; a supply part 1 for supplying the particulate matter to the storage part 2; a detection part 9 provided on the storage part 2 and detecting at least one of a pressure, a flow direction, a flow velocity, and friction force of the particulate matter, and a pulsation frequency of the pressure; a control device 7 connected to the supply part 1 and the detecting part 9; and a display part 8 connected to the control device 7. The control device 7 has a calculation section for calculating the behavior of the particulate matter in the storage part 2 with the usage of a calculation parameter for the particulate matter. The display part 8 displays a value detected by the detection part 9 and the calculation result of the calculation section. The calculation section calculates again the behavior of the particulate matter in the storage part 2 with the usage of a corrected calculation parameter when the calculation parameter is corrected.

Description

  The present invention relates to a granular material supply system that supplies various types of granular materials, and a combustion apparatus including the same.

  In the boiler for power generation, in order to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted, the use of plant-derived components such as wood and agricultural waste, so-called biomass, as fuel instead of fossil fuel is increasing. When biomass is used, the discharged carbon dioxide is absorbed again by plants and circulates on the earth, so it is considered that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does not increase.

  One of the methods of using biomass is to give a structure for pulverizing biomass to a part of a plurality of pulverizers used in a boiler, and then pulverizing with a part of the pulverizer and the remaining pulverizer There is a method for burning coal in a boiler (hereinafter referred to as “the present method”). In this method, pulverization conditions suitable for each of biomass and coal can be given to each pulverizer. Moreover, when supply of biomass is small, it is also possible to pulverize coal with the pulverizer which grind | pulverizes biomass by changing the setting of a pulverizer. In this method, a storage unit (hopper) is connected to the upstream side of the pulverizer, and solid fuel such as biomass or coal is stored in the hopper according to the biomass loading status, and the solid fuel discharged from the hopper To the grinder. The settings of the pulverizer and the combustion conditions of the boiler are adjusted according to the properties of the solid fuel when discharged from the hopper.

  The powdered solid fuel has different fluidity and flow rate depending on the particle size, specific gravity, and friction coefficient. For example, generally, coal with a large specific gravity has a high fluidity and is discharged early from the hopper, and biomass with a low specific gravity has a low fluidity and is discharged slowly from the hopper. For this reason, the solid fuel stored in the hopper is not necessarily discharged in the order of storage. For example, when biomass is stored in the hopper in the order of coal, the biomass and coal are not necessarily discharged from the hopper in this order. Coal reaches the hopper outlet quickly, so it reaches the outlet before all of the biomass has been discharged, mixed with biomass and discharged from the hopper (ie, solid fuel discharged from the hopper) Changes over time in the order of biomass, a mixture of biomass and coal, and coal). For this reason, in pulverizers and boilers installed on the downstream side of the hopper, coal begins to be discharged before the time calculated from the amount of biomass stored and the discharge speed. It is necessary to match the state of mixing biomass and coal. Therefore, if the properties of the solid fuel (the type and mixing ratio of the solid fuel) can be predicted before being discharged from the hopper, it becomes easy to set the pulverizer and adjust the combustion conditions of the boiler.

  Examples of techniques for predicting the properties of powder particles discharged from a hopper are disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2. Any of these techniques is a technique for predicting the behavior of the granular material in the storage unit (hopper) using the simulation technology of the granular material and grasping the properties of the granular material in the lower part of the storage unit.

JP-A-9-272904 JP 2000-282109 A

  In the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a numerical simulation technique for powder particles is applied mainly for the flow of iron ore and coke layers in a blast furnace. In this case, it is important to descend the iron ore and coke layers in order.

  In the techniques of Patent Documents 1 and 2, input conditions represented by specific gravity (acting gravity), frictional force between the particles and the wall surface, particle diameter and porosity at the time of supply are given for each particle. Based on this input condition, a numerical simulation is performed to calculate the position of the granular material.

  However, since the specific gravity of biomass varies greatly depending on individual particles, it is difficult to express the properties of the entire biomass under the input conditions given as representative values. In addition, the shape of the biomass is not constant, and when the particles are consolidated or decomposed by the flow in the hopper, the particle diameter, specific gravity, and frictional force given under the input conditions change. For this reason, the difference between the behavior obtained by the numerical simulation and the actual behavior becomes large.

  Crusher settings and boiler combustion conditions are determined based on the properties of the solid fuel discharged from the hopper (type of solid fuel and mixing ratio), so the properties of the solid fuel particles at the hopper outlet It is important to predict the accuracy with high accuracy in order to stably control the operation of the pulverizer and the combustion apparatus. In addition, even when the granular material is other than solid fuel, in order to stably control the operation of the device connected downstream of the hopper, it is necessary to accurately predict the properties of the granular material at the outlet of the hopper. is important.

  The present invention is equipped with a storage unit (hopper) for storing various types of granular materials, can accurately predict the properties of the granular material at the discharge port of the storage unit, and stably controls the crusher and combustion device An object of the present invention is to provide a supply system for a granular material. Moreover, it aims at providing a combustion apparatus provided with such a supply system of a granular material.

  The granular material supply system according to the present invention has the following characteristics. A storage unit capable of storing a plurality of types of powder particles, a supply unit that supplies the powder particles to the storage unit, and provided in the storage unit, pressure, flow direction, flow rate of the powder particles, A detection unit that detects at least one of a frictional force and a pulsation frequency of the pressure, a control device connected to the supply unit and the detection unit, and a display unit connected to the control device. The control device includes an information storage unit in which calculation parameters for the granular material are stored, and a calculation unit that calculates and calculates the behavior of the granular material in the storage unit using the calculation parameter. Prepare. The display unit displays a value detected by the detection unit and a calculation result of the calculation unit. When the calculation parameter is corrected, the calculation unit calculates again the behavior of the granular material inside the storage unit by using the corrected calculation parameter.

  According to the present invention, a storage unit (hopper) for storing various types of powder particles is provided, the properties of the powder particles at the discharge port of the storage unit can be accurately predicted, and the pulverizer and the combustion device are stably operated. A controllable powder supply system can be provided. Moreover, a combustion apparatus provided with such a granular material supply system can be provided.

The schematic diagram of the supply system of the granular material by Example 1 of this invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating the configuration and processing of a control device according to the first embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the supply schedule of the granular material to a storage part. The figure which shows an example of the property of the granular material in the exit of a supply system calculated | required from the supply schedule of FIG. 3A. The figure which shows the storage amount of the granular material of the storage part calculated | required from FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B. The figure which shows an example of the changed supply schedule of the granular material to the storage part. The figure which shows an example of the property of the granular material in the exit of a supply system calculated | required from the supply schedule of FIG. 4A. The figure which shows the storage amount of the granular material of the storage part calculated | required from FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B. The schematic diagram of the supply system of the granular material in case the compaction layer is formed in the granular material of the biomass in a storage part. The schematic diagram of the combustion apparatus by Example 2 of this invention.

  The present invention relates to a powder supply system for supplying various types of powder and a combustion apparatus including the same, and relates to the inside of a storage unit that stores the powder (particularly, the outlet of the supply system (or the storage unit)). The present invention relates to a device that accurately obtains and predicts the properties of a granular material at a discharge port)) and controls a supply system and a combustion device based on the prediction. As a main application destination of the present invention, a supply system that supplies solid particles of different types of solid fuel such as coal and biomass to a boiler that burns solid fuel can be exemplified. The supply system according to the present invention can also be applied to a supply system that supplies solid fuel other than coal and biomass, for example, solid fuel composed of ash or sludge. Furthermore, the supply system according to the present invention can also be applied to a supply system for supplying food and chemical materials such as powders other than solid fuel, such as grains.

  The characteristics of the granular material supply system according to the present invention will be described in more detail.

  This supply system calculates the behavior of the granular material in the storage unit (hopper) of the granular material by numerical simulation so that the difference from the actual behavior becomes small, and the properties of the granular material inside the storage unit (Type and mixing ratio) can be accurately predicted. In a combustion apparatus equipped with such a granular material supply system, the granular substance actually discharged from the outlet of the storage unit is supplied to a pulverizer or a combustion apparatus provided downstream of the supply system. Prior to pulverizing conditions (for example, pulverization pressure, pulverization speed, classifier rotation speed, amount of introduced air, and temperature) and combustion conditions of a boiler downstream of the pulverizer (for example, air amount distribution, and Adjustment of the operating load can be started.

  In addition, this supply system maintains the flow state of the granular material in the storage unit in a so-called mass flow state in which the flow toward the discharge port is uniformly generated in the entire storage unit, so that the granular material is stored in the order of storage. It can be made to be discharged. In a storage unit that stores and discharges particles of various types of solid fuel in layers like the storage unit of the supply system according to the present invention, the stored particles flow while forming a mass flow state. Is important. However, when granular materials with different specific gravity and frictional force such as biomass and coal are stored in layers, due to the difference in fluidity and compaction of each other, highly fluid particles will flow first, resulting in low fluidity. It tends to be in a so-called funnel flow state in which the granular material stays in the storage unit. In the state of the funnel flow, it is difficult to predict the properties of the granular material discharged from the storage unit, which is not preferable.

  In the conventional powder supply system, calculation parameters such as the specific gravity of the powder, the friction force between the particles of the powder and the wall surface, the friction force between the particles of the powder, the particle diameter, and the porosity are given. Using these calculation parameters, the distribution of the granular material inside the storage unit and the properties (type and mixing ratio) of the granular material at the discharge port of the storage unit are obtained. In this case, the calculation parameter needs to represent the target granular material. Biomass has a large variation in specific gravity and the like depending on individual particles, and it is difficult to express the properties of the whole biomass with calculation parameters given as representative values. In addition, the shape of the biomass is not constant, and when the particles are consolidated or decomposed by the flow in the storage unit, the particle diameter, specific gravity, and frictional force given by the calculation parameters change. For this reason, the difference between the behavior (flow state, distribution, and properties) obtained by numerical simulation and the actual behavior of biomass increases.

  In the granular material supply system according to the present invention, the detection unit for detecting at least one of the pressure of the granular material, the flow direction, the flow velocity, the frictional force, and the pulsation frequency of the pressure of the granular material is used as the wall surface of the storage unit. Prepare for. Furthermore, an information storage unit for storing calculation parameters (specific gravity of the granular material, frictional force between the particles of the granular material and the wall surface, frictional force between particles of the granular material, particle diameter, porosity, etc.) and calculation A calculation unit that determines the flow state, distribution, and properties of the granular material in the storage unit using parameters by numerical simulation, and a correction unit that compares the output of the detection unit and the calculation result of the calculation unit to correct the calculation parameter . With such a configuration, this supply system can reduce the difference between the behavior of the granular material obtained by numerical simulation and the actual behavior of the granular material, and the granular material at the outlet of the storage unit can be reduced. The properties can be accurately predicted. In the second and subsequent calculations, numerical simulation is performed using the calculation parameters corrected by the correction unit, and the correction is further performed on the result, so that the properties of the granular material can be predicted with higher accuracy.

  Note that the granular material supply system according to the present invention may not include a correction unit. In this case, the operator compares the displayed output of the detection unit with the calculation result of the calculation unit, and corrects the calculation parameter.

  This supply system predicts the properties (type and mixing ratio) of the granular material inside the storage unit (particularly the outlet of the supply system (or the discharge port of the storage unit)) by numerical simulation. To do. For this reason, before the granular material actually discharged from the discharge port of the storage unit is supplied to a pulverizer or a combustion device downstream of the supply system, Adjustment of the pulverization speed, the rotational speed of the classifier, the amount of introduced air, and the temperature) and the combustion conditions (for example, air amount distribution and operating load) of the boiler downstream of the pulverizer. For this reason, it is possible to adjust the pulverizing pressure, the introduction air amount, the temperature, and the operating load having a long time constant in advance, and it is easy to stably control the operation of the pulverizer and the combustion apparatus.

  Moreover, the supply system of the granular material by this invention is provided with the control apparatus which changes the supply schedule of the granular material to a storage part and the supply position of the granular material in a storage part based on the result of a numerical simulation. By the processing of the control device, the flow state of the granular material in the storage unit can be maintained in a so-called mass flow state in which the flow toward the discharge port is uniformly generated in the entire storage unit, and in the order in which the granular material is stored. Can be discharged.

  For example, when biomass granules exist in the storage unit and coal granules are supplied to the upper part and stored, a numerical simulation was performed based on the initial plan. When body compaction is assumed, the coal weight can be reduced by delaying the supply timing of the coal powder and the biomass compaction can be mitigated. Thus, it can suppress that the fluid state of the granular material in a storage part turns into a funnel flow state, and can maintain it in the state of mass flow.

  In addition, for example, when a consolidated layer is already formed in the lower layer in the storage unit and the flow of the granular material is hindered, the granular material is biased and supplied to the upper part of the portion where the consolidated layer is formed. In this way, it is possible to promote the discharge of the compacted layer by gravity by increasing the gravity acting on the consolidated layer rather than the frictional force between the wall surface of the storage unit and the consolidated layer.

  Hereinafter, a granular material supply system and a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. In Example 1, a powder supply system will be described, and in Example 2, a combustion apparatus provided with a powder supply system will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a granular material supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows, as an example, a supply system for supplying solid fuel particles to a combustion apparatus (not shown) connected to the downstream side. In this embodiment, coal and biomass are used as the solid fuel. However, the granular material supply system according to the present invention can also be applied to a solid fuel other than coal and biomass, for example, a solid fuel composed of ash or sludge, and further, granular material other than solid fuel, For example, the present invention can also be applied to a supply system that supplies food such as grains and chemical materials.

  The granular material supply system of the present embodiment includes a storage unit (hopper) 2 that stores and discharges solid fuel granular material, a supply unit 1 that supplies solid fuel granular material to the storage unit 2, and a storage unit. A discharge unit 3 provided at the discharge port of the unit 2 for discharging the granular material from the storage unit 2, a transport unit 4 for conveying the granular material discharged from the storage unit 2 by the discharge unit 3, and a control device 7 And a display unit 8. The storage unit 2 can store a plurality of types of powder particles. The solid fuel particles flow in the order of the supply unit 1, the storage unit 2, the discharge unit 3, and the transport unit 4 from the upstream side.

  The storage unit 2 includes a detection unit 9 (9a, 9b) described later on the wall surface. The number of detection units may be one or more, and in the present embodiment, the storage unit 2 includes two detection units 9a and 9b. The shape of the lower part of the storage unit 2 changes so that the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the discharge direction of the powder particles decreases in the discharge direction (that is, tapers in the discharge direction).

  The supply unit 1 includes a supply amount measuring unit 5 that can measure the amount of the granular material supplied to the storage unit 2, and supplies the granular material to the storage unit 2 according to a granular material supply schedule described later. The transport unit 4 includes a discharge amount measuring unit 6 that can measure the amount of powder particles discharged from the storage unit 2. The supply amount measurement unit 5 and the discharge amount measurement unit 6 can measure the weight and speed of the granular material to be supplied or discharged, and obtain the amount of the granular material to be supplied or discharged. The supply part 1 and the conveyance part 4 can be comprised with the conveyor which conveys a granular material. The discharge part 3 can be comprised with the feeder which discharges a granular material. The discharge unit 3 may be provided with a function of measuring the amount of the powder discharged from the storage unit 2.

  The control device 7 is connected to the supply unit 1, the discharge unit 3, the transport unit 4, the supply amount measurement unit 5, the discharge amount measurement unit 6, and the detection units 9 a and 9 b by signal lines (illustrated by dotted lines), and will be described later. Run the simulation and correction process. Each of the supply unit 1, the discharge unit 3, the transport unit 4, the supply amount measurement unit 5, the discharge amount measurement unit 6, and the detection units 9 a and 9 b transmits a measurement signal to the control device 7 and receives it from the control device 7. You can drive based on the signal.

  The display unit 8 is connected to the control device 7, and each measurement signal (including outputs from the detection units 9a and 9b) received by the control device 7, control information of the control device 7, and information on the result of numerical simulation described later Is displayed.

  FIG. 1 shows a state in which the storage unit 2 stores biomass powder 10 in the lower part and coal powder 11 in the upper part. The behavior (flow state, distribution, and properties) of the powder particles 10 and 11 inside the storage unit 2 varies depending on the supply status and discharge status of the powder particles 10 and 11.

  The granular material supply system according to the present embodiment grasps the behavior of the granular materials 10 and 11 inside the storage unit 2 by numerical simulation and correction of the result, and stores the granular material inside the storage unit 2. The property (kind and mixing ratio) of the granular material at (in particular, the outlet of the supply system (or the outlet of the storage unit 2)) is obtained and predicted. The following is a numerical simulation and a correction method for the result.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration and processing of the control device 7. In FIG. 2, the flow of the process which the control apparatus 7 calculates | requires the property of the granular material in the inside of the storage part which stores a granular material with the structure of the control apparatus 7 is shown.

  The control device 7 includes an input setting unit 22, an input unit 21, an information storage unit 24, an information collation unit 23, a calculation unit 25, and a correction unit 27, and is connected to the detection unit 9 and the display unit 8. In addition, the control apparatus 7 does not need to be equipped with the correction | amendment part 27, In this case, the operator performs the process which the correction | amendment part 27 performs.

  The input setting unit 22 is input means for inputting data and information to the control device 7.

  The input unit 21 receives data and information input by the input setting unit 22. The data input by the input setting unit 22 includes a supply schedule of powder particles. The supply schedule of the granular material is a schedule in which the supply unit 1 supplies the granular material to the storage unit 2, and the type of the granular material, the supply amount (weight and volume) of the granular material, and the granular material Includes supply time and supply time (length of supply time). The data and information received by the input unit 21 can be corrected by the input setting unit 22.

  In the information storage unit 24, calculation parameters for the supplied granular material are stored in advance. The calculation parameter can be input by the input setting unit 22. As described above, the calculation parameters include the specific gravity of the granular material, the frictional force between the particles of the granular material and the wall surface (friction coefficient), the frictional force between the particles of the granular material (friction coefficient), the particle diameter, and Porosity is included. In addition, the information storage unit 24 stores data (for example, a supply schedule of powder particles) and information received by the input unit 21.

  The information collation unit 23 acquires a calculation parameter corresponding to the type of the granular material received by the input unit 21 from the information storage unit 24, and outputs the acquired calculation parameter to the calculation unit 25.

  The calculation unit 25 uses the received calculation parameters to determine the behavior (flow state, distribution, and properties) of the powder particles inside the storage unit 2 by numerical simulation, and the calculated numerical simulation result to the correction unit 27. Output. The flow state of the granular material includes the flow rate of the granular material, the pressure of the granular material against the wall surface of the storage unit 2, and the pulsation frequency of this pressure.

  As will be described later, the correction unit 27 corrects the calculation parameter based on the detection value of the detection unit 9 and the result of the numerical simulation. As described above, when the control device 7 does not include the correction unit 27, this process is performed by the operator. In this case, although not shown in FIG. 2, the detection value of the detection unit 9 and the result of the numerical simulation are displayed on the display unit 8, and the operator detects the detection value of the detection unit 9 displayed on the display unit 8. And the numerical simulation result are compared, and the calculation parameters are corrected.

  The calculation unit 25 uses the calculation parameters corrected by the correction unit 27 (or the operator) to obtain again the behavior (flow state, distribution, and properties) of the powder particles in the storage unit 2 by numerical simulation, Correct the numerical simulation results.

  When the correction unit 27 (or the operator) determines that the calculation parameter need not be corrected, the correction unit 27 (or the operator) outputs the corrected numerical simulation result to the display unit 8. The results of the numerical simulation include the properties (type and mixing ratio), distribution, and distribution of the granular material inside the storage unit that stores the granular material (especially the outlet of the supply system (or the outlet of the storage unit)). Flow state is included. The flow state of the granular material includes the flow rate of the granular material, the pressure of the granular material against the wall surface of the storage unit 2, and the pulsation frequency of this pressure. For example, when the absolute value of the difference between the value obtained last time and the value obtained this time is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, the correction unit 27 (or the operator) may determine that the calculation parameter need not be corrected. it can.

  The display unit 8 displays the behavior of the powder as a result of the numerical simulation, for example, the prediction result of the type and mixing ratio of the powder at the outlet of the supply system (the outlet of the storage unit 2).

  As a calculation method in the numerical simulation executed by the calculation unit 25, for example, there is a method (particle element method) in which a motion equation is set between individual particles, these are solved as simultaneous equations, and the behavior of the particle is calculated. Further, there are a smoothed particle element method and a powder automaton method as methods for reducing calculation time and obtaining calculation results in a practical time.

  The smoothed particle element method is a method of defining a powder element including a large number of particles of a granular material and tracking the movement of the powder element in a Lagrangian manner. In this method, for a defined powder element, the movement of particles with respect to different powder elements and wall surfaces (in the reservoir 2) and the movement of individual particles within the powder element are modeled to preserve mass and momentum. Establish an equation to calculate the behavior of the particles. In this method, since the calculation is performed in units of powder particles, the calculation time is shorter than that in the particle element method in which simultaneous equations of individual particles are calculated.

  Further, in the powder automaton method, the interior of the storage unit 2 is divided into a lattice shape in advance, and the inflow and discharge of particles in the divided lattice (cell) are divided into a target cell and a cell in contact with this cell. This is a method of determining based on the correlation between the two. For example, when particles move from the target cell to a cell that touches the lower boundary with this cell, the presence or absence of powder in the lower cell, the granular material of the cell that touches the target cell, and This is determined on the basis of the frictional force, the frictional force with the wall surface, and the gravity acting on the granular material itself. By making a sequential determination for each cell, the movement of the granular material is calculated. This method considers only the relationship between the target cell and the cell that borders the cell (exactly, considering the relationship between the particle and the wall), Compared with the particle element method for calculating simultaneous equations, the calculation time is shortened.

  In any method, calculation parameters representing specific gravity of the powder and its aggregate, friction coefficient between the particles, friction coefficient between the particles and the wall surface, particle diameter and porosity when supplied to the storage unit 2 are necessary. . For these calculation parameters, representative values or their distributions are stored in advance in the information storage unit 24 and used. However, these calculation parameters are difficult to represent the actual properties of the granular material, and this is one of the factors that cause an error in the numerical simulation results.

As described above, the supply system according to the present embodiment includes the following 1) the detection unit 9, and includes the following 2) the correction unit 27. It is characterized in that an error between the obtained behavior (flow state, distribution and property) of the granular material and the actual behavior of the granular material can be reduced, and a practical prediction of the properties of the granular material is possible.
1) A detection unit 9 (of the detection unit) that is provided on the wall surface of the storage unit 2 and detects at least one of the pressure of the granular material, the flow direction, the flow velocity, the frictional force, and the pulsation frequency of the pressure of the granular material. The number may be one or more).
2) A correction unit 27 that compares the output of the detection unit 9 with the result of the numerical simulation executed by the calculation unit 25 and corrects the calculation parameter stored in the information storage unit 24.

  For the detection unit 9, for example, a pressure sensor or a strain gauge that detects the pressure on the wall surface of the storage unit 2 caused by the weight or movement of the granular material and the variation thereof can be used. Moreover, in order to detect the flow direction and frictional force of a granular material, the strain gauge which detects the tension | pulling force between the board provided along the inner wall face of the storage part 2 and the wall surface of the storage part 2 is used. Can do. In any case, it is desirable to provide the detection unit 9 along the wall surface of the storage unit 2. When the detection unit 9 is protruded in the direction toward the granular material, it is desirable to reduce the protrusion length of the detection unit 9 or to configure the detection unit 9 with a wear-resistant material in consideration of wear. Moreover, since it may accelerate | stimulate adhering of a granular material if it protrudes in the direction which goes to a granular material, the measure which prevents the adhering of granular material, such as adding a vibration to the detection part 9 regularly, is taken. It is desirable.

  As an example of the installation position of the detection part 9, as shown in FIG. 1, the part where the shape of the storage part 2 begins to change (the part where the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the discharge direction of the granular material starts to decrease toward the discharge direction) ) Can be provided in the lower part, or a detection part 9b can be provided in the vicinity of the discharge part 3. When using the large storage part 2, it is desirable to provide the some detection part 9. FIG.

  The part where the shape of the storage unit 2 starts to change is likely to cause retention and sticking of the granular material by changing the flow direction of the granular material. Further, the vicinity of the discharge unit 3 is a place where the flow of the granular material is likely to fluctuate because the pressure of the granular material is high and the flow of the granular material is fast. In the numerical simulation, it is difficult to model a phenomenon in which the porosity or frictional force of the granular material changes, such as staying, sticking, and flow fluctuations, and an error is likely to occur particularly in a place where such a phenomenon easily occurs. In addition, when the granular material is biomass, there is a higher possibility that the granular material will change due to moisture absorption or heat generation when it stays or adheres. More attention needs to be paid. Therefore, as in the present embodiment, the detection unit 9 is provided in a place where the powder particles are likely to stay or stick or where the flow of the powder particles is likely to fluctuate, and the difference from the result of the numerical simulation is confirmed. Thus, it is possible to appropriately grasp the flow of the powder particles inside the storage unit 2.

  As an example of the calculation parameter correction method executed by the correction unit 27 (or the operator), there is the following method. First, the average value of the pressure of the granular material with respect to the wall surface of the storage unit 2 detected by the detection unit 9 is obtained (when there are a plurality of detection units 9, the respective detection units are obtained). Next, the average value of the pressure of the granular material with respect to the wall surface of the storage part 2 in the same location as which the detection part 9 detected is calculated | required among the results of the numerical simulation which the calculation part 25 performed (the detection part 9 has two or more). In some cases, the average value of the pressure corresponding to each detector is obtained). And the difference of these average values is calculated | required and a calculation parameter (for example, specific gravity of a granular material) is changed so that the result of a numerical simulation and the value which the detection part 9 detected may correspond.

  Moreover, the pressure of the granular material with respect to the wall surface of the storage part 2 pulsates according to operation | movement of a granular material. When the pulsation frequency obtained by the numerical simulation is lower than the pulsation frequency detected by the detection unit 9, it is considered that the frictional force is set excessively. Therefore, in such a case, for example, there is a calculation parameter correction method in which the set friction force (friction coefficient) is reduced. If the value obtained by numerical simulation is larger than the value detected by the detection unit 9 with respect to the flow rate of the granular material, it is desirable to reduce the set frictional force. Moreover, since the property of the granular material in the vicinity of the detection part 9 can be calculated | required from the measured value of frictional force, a calculation parameter is corrected using the characteristic of the granular material calculated | required from the frictional force detected by the detection part 9. Thus, the result of the numerical simulation can be corrected.

  In the above description, an example of a method for correcting calculation parameters corresponding to individual measurement values has been shown. When a plurality of measured values can be compared with the result of numerical simulation, a plurality of calculation parameters corresponding to each of the plurality of measured values can be changed simultaneously to correct the result of the numerical simulation.

  As described above, the particulate supply system of the present embodiment includes the detection unit 9, the correction unit 27, or is stored in the information storage unit 24 when the operator executes the processing of the correction unit 27. The numerical simulation results can be corrected by correcting the calculated parameters, and the difference between the behavior (flow state, distribution, and properties) of the powder obtained from the numerical simulation and the actual behavior of the powder can be suppressed. . Further, in the subsequent calculation, numerical simulation is performed using calculation parameters corrected by the correction unit 27 (or the operator), so that the properties of the granular material can be obtained and predicted with higher accuracy and calculations necessary for the numerical simulation are performed. Cost can be reduced.

  By numerical simulation and correction of the result, the control device 7 predicts the properties (kind and mixing ratio) of the granular material inside the storage unit for storing the granular material, so that the granular material is actually discharged. Before being supplied to the equipment provided downstream of the supply system, the operating conditions of the equipment can be adjusted in accordance with the properties of the granular material. Moreover, the control apparatus 7 can suppress the fluctuation | variation of the discharge amount of a granular material by adjusting the operating speed of the discharge part 3 of a supply system. For example, the control device 7 controls the operation speed of the discharge unit 3 so that the discharge speed of the powder particles becomes a predetermined constant speed according to the mixing ratio of the powder particles, and the discharge amount of the powder particles Fluctuations can be suppressed.

  Furthermore, the control apparatus 7 can also adjust the supply schedule which supplies a granular material to a supply system. The supply part 1 supplies a granular material to the storage part 2 according to the changed supply schedule.

  FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of a schedule for supplying powder to the storage unit 2 received by the input unit 21. FIG. 3B shows the properties (kind and mixing ratio) of the granular material at the outlet of the supply system (discharge port of the storage unit 2), which was obtained by numerical simulation based on the granular material supply schedule shown in FIG. 3A. It is a figure which shows an example. FIG. 3C is a diagram showing the storage amount of the granular material in the storage unit 2 obtained from the supply schedule of the granular material shown in FIG. 3A and the properties of the granular material at the outlet of the supply system shown in FIG. 3B. It is. 3A to 3C, the horizontal axis represents time. 3A shows the supply rate of the granular material to the storage unit 2, FIG. 3B shows the discharge rate of the granular material from the storage unit 2, and FIG. 3C shows the storage amount of the granular material in the storage unit 2. Represent.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, according to the supply schedule, the biomass granular material 10 is supplied to the storage unit 2 from 6:00 to 10:00, and the coal granular material 11 is supplied to the storage unit 2 from 11:00 to 16:00. To supply. The discharge of the granular material from the storage unit 2 starts at 9 o'clock as shown in FIG. 3B. Both the biomass granule 10 and the coal granule 11 are supplied at a rate of 2 t / h and discharged at a rate of 2 t / h.

  In FIG. 3B, the prediction line A indicates the mixing ratio of the discharged granular material. That is, the ratio of the biomass granular material 10 is 100% from 9 o'clock to 12 o'clock, and the biomass granular material 10 and the coal granule are from 12 o'clock to 15 o'clock. The ratio of the coal powder 11 gradually increases, and the ratio of the coal powder 11 is 100% from 15:00 to 17:00. The prediction line A can be obtained from the result of the numerical simulation executed by the calculation unit 25.

  In FIG. 3C, the prediction line A indicates the mixing ratio of the granular materials stored in the storage unit 2. The prediction line A in FIG. 3C can be obtained from the result of the numerical simulation executed by the calculation unit 25, similarly to the prediction line A in FIG. 3B.

  Moreover, since the fluctuation | variation of a discharge rate becomes large when there is little quantity of the granular material in the storage part 2, it is desirable to store the granular material more than a fixed quantity as much as possible in the storage part 2. On the other hand, when there is too much quantity of a granular material, a granular material will be consolidated by the lower part of the storage part 2, and it may cause discharge | emission defect. For this reason, it is possible to determine an upper limit value and a lower limit value for the amount of the granular material stored in the storage unit 2, and to operate the supply system so that the storage unit 2 stores the amount of the granular material in this range. desirable. In the case of the example shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the storage unit 2 stores 6 t of powder particles at the start of discharge (9 o'clock) and 2 t at the end of discharge (17:00). Store the granules.

  In the case where the coal granular material 11 is more fluid than the biomass granular material 10, the coal granular material 11 is formed before all of the previously supplied biomass granular material 10 is discharged. It reaches the outlet of the storage unit 2 and is discharged. For example, in the example of FIG. 3B, as shown by the prediction line A, the coal powder 11 starts to be mixed with the biomass powder 10 at about 12:00, and all the biomass powder 10 is discharged. It will be discharged at 15:00.

  The control device 7 determines in advance based on the properties (type and mixing ratio) of the granular material discharged from the storage unit 2 obtained from the result of numerical simulation (result after correction) as shown in FIG. 3B. The supply schedule of the granular material can be changed according to the conditions. For example, when the length of time for which the powder is mixed and discharged is equal to or longer than the first predetermined time, the control device 7 sets the supply time of the powder supplied later to the second predetermined time. In accordance with the condition of delaying by time, the storage unit is configured so that a plurality of types of granular materials (in this embodiment, the biomass granular material 10 and the coal granular material 11) are mixed and discharged. The supply schedule of the granular material to 2 is changed.

  FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of a changed supply schedule of powder and granular materials to the storage unit 2. FIG. 4B shows the properties (kind and mixing ratio) of the granular material at the outlet of the supply system (discharge port of the storage unit 2) obtained by numerical simulation based on the granular material supply schedule shown in FIG. 4A. It is a figure which shows an example. FIG. 4C is a diagram showing the storage amount of the granular material in the storage unit 2 obtained from the supply schedule of the granular material shown in FIG. 4A and the properties of the granular material at the outlet of the supply system shown in FIG. 4B. It is. 4A to 4C, the horizontal axis and the vertical axis are the same as those in FIGS. 3A to 3C.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, in the changed supply schedule, there is no change in the supply of biomass granules 10, but the coal supply start time is delayed by 1 hour from 12:00, and the biomass granules 10 and coal The time for mixing with the granular material 11 was shortened.

  In FIG. 4B, the prediction line B indicates the mixing ratio of the discharged granular material. That is, the ratio of the biomass granular material 10 is about 100% from about 9:00 to about 12:30, and the biomass granular material 10 and the coal powder are about 12:30 to about 15:00. The ratio of the coal powder 11 is gradually increased as the particles 11 are mixed, and the ratio of the coal powder 11 is 100% from 15:00 to 17:00. The prediction line B can be obtained from the result of the numerical simulation executed by the calculation unit 25. As can be seen from FIG. 4B and FIG. 3B, by changing the supply schedule, it was possible to shorten the time for mixing and discharging the biomass granules 10 and the coal granules 11. This makes it easy to grasp the properties of the discharged powder and adjust the pulverization conditions of the pulverizer downstream of the powder supply system and the combustion conditions of the boiler downstream of the pulverizer. It becomes easy.

  In FIG. 4C, the prediction line B indicates the mixing ratio of the granular material stored in the storage unit 2. The prediction line B in FIG. 4C can be obtained from the result of the numerical simulation executed by the calculation unit 25, similarly to the prediction line B in FIG. 4B. As can be seen from FIG. 4C and FIG. 4B, by changing the supply schedule, the storage amount of the biomass granules 10 in the storage unit 2 when starting to supply the coal granules 11 is reduced, and the biomass granules 10 and the coal powder 11 could be mixed and stored in the storage unit 2.

  Next, a correspondence example in the case where it is assumed that a compacted layer of powder particles is formed from the result of numerical simulation, and a corresponding example in the case where a consolidated layer has already been formed are shown.

  First, a corresponding example in the case where it is assumed that a compacted layer of powder particles is formed will be described. In the case of executing the supply schedule of the granular material shown in FIG. 3A, when a numerical simulation was executed at 10:00, it was consolidated at the lower part of the biomass granular material 10 after 11:00 when supplying the coal granular material 11. Suppose that a layer is formed and that the flow of this consolidated layer is found to be particularly slow. When the compaction layer is formed and the flow of a part of the granular material becomes slow, the flow of the other part is accelerated accordingly, and the so-called funnel flow in which the upper granular material is discharged first is easily formed. . When this funnel flow is formed, a mixed state in which the lower and upper granular material layers are simultaneously discharged continues for a long time. Further, the discharge rate fluctuates due to the collapse of the layer of the granular material, and the discharge failure is likely to occur, for example, the consolidation layer is easily fixed. For this reason, in general, it is not desirable to form a funnel flow, and it is desirable to maintain a so-called mass flow state in which the flow of powder particles toward the discharge port is uniformly generated in the entire storage unit 2.

  In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 4A, if the supply of the coal powder 11 is delayed for 1 hour, the weight of the powder in the storage unit 2 is reduced. It is possible to relax and suppress the formation of the consolidated layer. That is, by changing the powder supply schedule so as to delay the supply of coal powder 11, funnel flow formation can be suppressed and the mass flow state can be maintained.

  Next, a description will be given of a corresponding example in the case where a consolidated layer has already been formed in the storage unit 2 and the flow of the granular material is inhibited. The formation of the consolidated layer can be grasped from the detection value of the detection unit 9.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a powder and granule supply system when a compacted layer 30 is formed on the biomass granular material 10 in the storage unit 2. 5, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components as those in FIG. 1, and the description of these elements is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, in the vicinity of the portion where the shape of the storage portion 2 starts to change (the portion where the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the discharge direction of the granular material starts to decrease in the discharge direction) and the lower portion thereof, the storage portion 2. A compacted layer 30 of the biomass granular material 10 is formed along the wall surface. It can be understood that the consolidation layer 30 is formed by the detection unit 9a.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the supply unit 1 changes the position of supplying the powder particles to the storage unit 2, and supplies the powder particles biased above the consolidation layer 30, so that the storage unit The gravity applied to the consolidation layer 30 is made larger than the frictional force between the wall surface 2 and the consolidation layer 30. The action of the granular material supplied above the compacted layer 30 can push the compacted layer 30 downward and promote the discharge of the compacted layer 30.

  The supply part 1 is movable with respect to the storage part 2, and can change the position which supplies a granular material to the storage part 2 by moving. Or supply part 1 has a projection part for supplying granular material to storage part 2, and changes the position which supplies granular material to storage part 2 by changing the length of a projection part. Can do.

  The control device 7 moves the supply unit 1 or changes the length of the protruding portion of the supply unit 1 according to a predetermined condition, so that the supply position of the granular material to the storage unit 2 of the supply unit 1 ( (Horizontal position) can be changed. For example, the controller 7 supplies the granular material to the storage unit 2 in accordance with the position of the consolidation layer 30 obtained by the numerical simulation and the position of the consolidation layer 30 detected by the detection unit 9. The supply position of the granular material can be changed from the central part to the peripheral part close to the wall surface (see FIGS. 1 and 5).

  As described above, the supply system of the granular material of the present embodiment changes the supply schedule of the granular material to the storage unit 2 and the supply position of the granular material in the storage unit 2 based on the result of the numerical simulation. By providing the control device 7 to perform, the flow state of the powder particles in the storage unit 2 can be maintained in a mass flow state, and the powder particles can be discharged in the order of supply.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a combustion apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The combustion apparatus according to the present embodiment includes the granular material supply system described in the first embodiment. 6, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components as those in FIG. 1, and description of these elements is omitted.

  The combustion apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a powder supply system, a pulverizer 41, a furnace 40, and a control unit 45, and is supplied with the powder discharged from the storage unit 2 of the supply system. Burn the particles.

  The granular material which is fuel is discharged from the storage unit 2 of the supply system and supplied to the pulverizer 41 by the transport unit 4. The pulverizer 41 pulverizes the supplied powder and then supplies the pulverized powder to the furnace 40. The furnace 40 includes a burner 42 that ejects the granular material from the pulverizer 41 into the furnace 40, and an air supply port 43 installed on the upper portion of the burner 42, and the granular material that is fuel passes through the burner 42. In addition, combustion air is supplied from the air supply port 43, and the granular material is burned by the burner 42.

  The control part 45 is connected to the control apparatus 7 of the supply system of a granular material, and can receive the result (for example, property of a granular material) of the numerical simulation of a supply system. Further, the control unit 45 is connected to the pulverizer 41 and can change the pulverization conditions of the pulverizer 41. The control unit 45 is connected to a fan 44 that supplies air to the pulverizer 41 and the burner 42, and controls the pulverizer 41 and the furnace 40 by controlling the amount of air supplied to the pulverizer 41 and the burner 42.

  Based on the result of the numerical simulation, the control device 7 of the granular material supply system predicts the properties (type and mixing ratio) of the granular material at the outlet of the supply system (the discharge port of the storage unit 2). The result of the numerical simulation of the control device 7 and the result of prediction of the properties of the granular material are transmitted to the control unit 45. Based on these transmitted results, the controller 45 pulverizes the pulverizer 41 connected to the supply system (for example, pulverization pressure, pulverization speed, rotational speed of the classifier, introduced air amount, and temperature). ) Can be changed.

  For example, when a plurality of different types of granular materials (in this embodiment, biomass 10 and coal 11) are mixed and supplied to the pulverizer 41, the pulverization condition of the pulverizer 41 is set to one type of granular material. If only these are adjusted, the possibility of abnormal vibration due to slipping or biting of the powder and excessive grinding load or excessive grinding load increases. For this reason, it is desired to accurately predict the properties (type and mixing ratio) of the granular material.

  In the conventional powder supply system, the prediction accuracy by numerical simulation is low, and it is difficult to accurately predict the properties of the powder, so the properties of the powder change using a preset error time. It is necessary to change the grinding condition to a more stable condition before starting. In this case, there is a possibility that the economic efficiency of the combustion apparatus is lowered due to an increase in the pulverization power of the pulverizer 41.

  On the other hand, in the combustion apparatus of the present embodiment, the control device 7 of the supply system can more accurately grasp the time when the properties of the granular material change before the granular material is supplied. The change in the properties of the particles and the time at which the change occurs can be transmitted to the control unit 45 of the combustion apparatus. Since the control unit 45 of the combustion apparatus controls the pulverizer 41 and the furnace 40 based on information from the control apparatus 7 of the supply system, it is possible to suppress a reduction in economic efficiency of the combustion apparatus.

  Moreover, the control part 45 changes the air quantity supplied to the burner 42 based on the result of the numerical simulation transmitted from the control apparatus 7 of the supply system of a granular material, and the prediction result of the property of a granular material. It is possible to control the combustion conditions of the furnace 40 (for example, air amount distribution and operating load). By changing the amount of air supplied to the burner 42, the flame holding state of the burner 42 can be optimized and a stable flame can be obtained. Furthermore, when it is expected that the pulverization conditions are lowered and the combustion state is also lowered, it is possible to prepare an auxiliary combustion device such as oil in advance and operate the combustion device stably.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to said Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments are described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to an aspect including all the configurations described.

  Further, in each drawing, control lines and information lines are described as necessary for explanation, and not all control lines and information lines necessary as products are necessarily described. In an actual product, it may be considered that almost all components are connected to each other.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Supply part, 2 ... Storage part, 3 ... Discharge part, 4 ... Conveyance part, 5 ... Supply amount measurement part, 6 ... Discharge amount measurement part, 7 ... Control apparatus, 8 ... Display part, 9, 9a, 9b ... Detection unit, 10 ... biomass particles, 11 ... coal particles, 21 ... input unit, 22 ... input setting unit, 23 ... information verification unit, 24 ... information storage unit, 25 ... calculation unit, 27 ... correction 30, consolidated layer, 40, furnace, 41 pulverizer, 42 burner, 43 air supply port, 44 fan, 45 control unit.

Claims (6)

A storage unit capable of storing a plurality of types of powder particles;
A supply unit for supplying the granular material to the storage unit;
A detection unit that is provided in the storage unit and detects at least one of pressure, flow direction, flow rate, frictional force, and pulsation frequency of the pressure of the granular material;
A control device connected to the supply unit and the detection unit;
A display unit connected to the control device,
The control device includes an information storage unit in which calculation parameters for the granular material are stored, and a calculation unit that calculates and calculates the behavior of the granular material in the storage unit using the calculation parameter. Prepared,
The display unit displays the value detected by the detection unit and the calculation result of the calculation unit,
When the calculation parameter is corrected, the calculation unit uses the corrected calculation parameter to calculate again the behavior of the granular material inside the storage unit,
A granular material supply system. The control device further includes a correction unit that corrects the calculation parameter based on a value detected by the detection unit and a calculation result of the calculation unit,
2. The powder supply system according to claim 1, wherein the calculation unit calculates again the behavior of the powder within the storage unit using the calculation parameter corrected by the correction unit. The information storage unit stores a schedule in which the supply unit supplies the granular material to the storage unit,
The control device changes the schedule based on the calculation result of the calculation unit,
The supply system of the granular material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the supply unit supplies the granular material to the storage unit according to the changed schedule.   The said control apparatus is a supply system of the granular material of Claim 1 or 2 which changes the position where the said supply part supplies the said granular material to the said storage part based on the calculation result of the said calculation part. The supply system of the granular material according to claim 1 or 2,
A pulverizer for pulverizing the powder particles supplied from the supply system;
A furnace for burning the granular material pulverized by the pulverizer;
The control device of the supply system, and a control unit connected to the pulverizer,
The control unit changes the pulverization condition of the pulverizer based on the calculation result of the calculation unit of the supply system.
Combustion device characterized by that. The supply system of the granular material according to claim 1 or 2,
A pulverizer for pulverizing the powder particles supplied from the supply system;
A burner that ejects the powder particles pulverized by the pulverizer;
A furnace for burning the granular material ejected by the burner;
A controller connected to the control device of the supply system and a fan for supplying air to the burner;
The control unit changes an amount of air supplied to the burner based on a calculation result of the calculation unit of the supply system.
Combustion device characterized by that.

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